239 lines
29 KiB
XML
239 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2559DADD94964AFA398799FEDD90BF9A">The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Southern Africa. Part IV. New and little known species with complete venation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D4453ED0B16C65C44E50E96D3CF19E4">Gess, Friedrich W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6B2F77E859DCAF2982D71AE6C99F80CB">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9C341BD2C092061A405BC0D91797A7F3">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="726125FDD126DCB89969F285DEE74D75">2011-03-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D3A7B6C4ACD241E8E052C724CD1924F4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A7B6C4ACD241E8E052C724CD1924F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3A7B6C4ACD241E8E052C724CD1924F4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" scope_family="Vespidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="A59D7154611745BC6BC55AD9F300C309" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C8FA51585B6A4553B482580404E98502" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="C292E89F98A619CD585E13D16B9C0CFA" LSID="D3A7B6C4-ACD2-41E8-E052-C724CD1924F4" authority="Gess" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quartinia namaquensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis Gess</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="144E360C69FF676C028725077842534B" captionStart="Figures 28–34" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 28 - 34. Quartinia namaquensis 28 ♀, lateral view (x 10) 29 ♂, lateral view (x 9) 30 ♀, dorsal view (x 9) 31 ♂, dorsal view (x 9) 32 ♀, head, front view (x 14) 33 ♂, head, front view (x 10) 34 ♂, tergum VII, dorsal view (x 13)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 28-34</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FAEE2EFCAC0A68D3D1A0D6E00D467074" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="319E0FA7126B759573D97B4DEE911761" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="C40CF149689D1442C1AECFCEFE3D6675" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
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Gess, 2007: 220, ♂. Holotype: ♂, South Africa: Northern Cape: Leliefontein (AMG).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7909184A25D7B7FAC1EBFBADE97D5FF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="948ED0278C2C84F790AD275709E15074" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5E8E12D0A4659CDC7E4A4F54D0E8F79" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">This species was described from three males from Leliefontein, collected by Caroline Mayer and one male from W of Wallekraal, collected by F. W. and S. K. Gess. The female was stated to be unknown, "none of the specimens of several species from the relevant localities being assignable with any degree of confidence to this species".</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BD51F3FAE45EF035851C0A7A0154D4B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Recent collecting at Rooikloof Farm near Sutherland by F. W. and S. K. Gess and others produced a single male of
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<taxonomicName id="43A07EB45EDD49FFD7F44546338C4A4D" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
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and 58 females, believed to be conspecific, the male and the great majority of the females visiting the flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="18265C4CCFA400418AF302C32D55954F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
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near
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<emphasis id="61768C30E8276E9867CB4CEB034BD8F5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">polyclada</emphasis>
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A.DC (
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<taxonomicName id="C5D5E530659307FAABECE3159D1BADA7" genus="Campanulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="genus">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The scarcity of males was most likely due to the fact that collecting took place towards the end the
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<normalizedToken id="55E6CF017D46C3847AD872D38A57A514" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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flight period at that particular locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="489ACC1380BF12F1B8C35ABEC881A625" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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In the light of the above association, the undetermined material collected by Caroline Mayer was re-examined and it was found that four females, two from Leliefontein (the type locality of the male) and two from nearby Remhoogte, were clearly conspecific with the females from Rooikloof Farm, and that these should therefore likewise be assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="48CEB859E03FB0BAC8E441E5240725D7" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1C061C5D154FB54E31F062FB8DA563A0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="Figures 28–34" startId="F6">
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<paragraph id="EEE75FC83A9FA0E4FFE94C029E1279A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="7B894B6101515E47A76CB88CBDAB088E" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 28-34.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3CE38AF564DB062E05CE2F5D25C7AD99" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E56215E1012EBA71150E9F10EF6372D5" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28</emphasis>
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♀, lateral view (
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<normalizedToken id="E15E8F688797774908D00FDAD9BFE4C8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10)
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<emphasis id="793C3F04664511D16B6821A73F6E0628" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29</emphasis>
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♂, lateral view (
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<normalizedToken id="2E03E592AD940C2A76EBD2961A189B31" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9)
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<emphasis id="523825F462556663FF332982EB44BD36" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">30</emphasis>
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♀, dorsal view (
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<normalizedToken id="042F2E5546CC433BDFBC5E7430C36776" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9)
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<emphasis id="E8010C3E6AE7AE3FDFED2EC8172C9DC9" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">31</emphasis>
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♂, dorsal view (
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<normalizedToken id="7A1545861A86C451824B6ECD07470CE5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9)
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<emphasis id="10964807F8653D54C8999F327FC83A7C" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">32</emphasis>
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♀, head, front view (
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<normalizedToken id="B7C0E317693BB4125036204E9A17388A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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14)
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<emphasis id="02C9189AC7562A1F227B81A8029F7536" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">33</emphasis>
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♂, head, front view (
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<normalizedToken id="AFB0A265CC0154067B30C9A6E07C5F52" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10)
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<emphasis id="87AA25616CA68B1B32B6C3508CCDE563" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34</emphasis>
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♂, tergum VII, dorsal view (
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<normalizedToken id="826FAF91FA22160597EDA8D2AD23A5FD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FAF2E07581632BE38BA6E13A2AB68AB8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1A3B119C983E6699DF063E8BFBADEACA" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47ABFB2AA637E8004B0A8A982E764AD4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="DB3E2D7607747A2B65B1A5098E169DC5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
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(hitherto undescribed) (
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<figureCitation id="39DB12B839AD3157F7CAE7B624F12D22" captionStart="Figures 28–34" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 28 - 34. Quartinia namaquensis 28 ♀, lateral view (x 10) 29 ♂, lateral view (x 9) 30 ♀, dorsal view (x 9) 31 ♂, dorsal view (x 9) 32 ♀, head, front view (x 14) 33 ♂, head, front view (x 10) 34 ♂, tergum VII, dorsal view (x 13)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 28, 30, 32</figureCitation>
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): Virtually indistinguishable from the female of
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<taxonomicName id="0D901705843600623CBD90229DA708A8" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conchicola">Quartinia conchicola</taxonomicName>
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Gess, the differences being subtle. Most notable is that the vertex behind the posterior ocelli is rounded, not depressed and somewhat concave. The occipital carina therefore appears less pronounced. Satisfactory identification of the females of both species is, however, dependant upon their association with the relative males which, in their secondary sexual characters, are strikingly distinct (see
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<bibRefCitation id="BC18100590CC0F7F98F9931CBB26664E" author="Gess, FW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="211 - 233" refId="B4" refString="Gess, FW, 2007. The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Part I. Description of new species with complete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16: 211 - 233" title="The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Part I. Description of new species with complete venation." volume="16" year="2007">Gess 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BDCB24D410EDA1C188BC5FF4CC5E703A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="7CFB491925922622816CA51173B38020" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
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(previously adequately described) (
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<figureCitation id="32FD3996FFB867A93CC25186E79CE354" captionStart="Figures 28–34" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 28 - 34. Quartinia namaquensis 28 ♀, lateral view (x 10) 29 ♂, lateral view (x 9) 30 ♀, dorsal view (x 9) 31 ♂, dorsal view (x 9) 32 ♀, head, front view (x 14) 33 ♂, head, front view (x 10) 34 ♂, tergum VII, dorsal view (x 13)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 29, 31, 33, 34</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CFA46E97CE576B740EF0577E532235B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="additional material examined">
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<paragraph id="3F1F228F2E7F6DF08A9E0641B6976FF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B347D02255E972910AE0EC685EDF66C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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SOUTH AFRICA: NORTHERN CAPE: Leliefontein (30.23S, 18.16E), 11.ix.2003 (C. Mayer), 1 ♀ (yellow trap); same locality, 23.ix.2003 (C. Mayer), 1 ♀ (white trap); Remhoogte (30.23S, 18.16E), 11.ix.2003 (C. Mayer), 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ yellow trap; 1 ♀ white trap); Sutherland district, Rooikloof Farm
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<pageBreakToken id="6FFA95A1D68AE2C4B7F97CEEE2029AA4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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32.26S, 20.39E), 30.ix.2009 (F.W. and S. K. Gess), 12 ♀♀ (5 ♀♀ visiting pale violet flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="FF3777353C362FA186EA4647EAD64B87" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
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near
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<emphasis id="7B4938DB53B12B2B9DCE1F4353725BBD" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
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A.DC.,
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<taxonomicName id="12E9664C9AB2B343E18509C341039B1F" genus="Campanulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
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; 4 ♀♀ visiting yellow flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="5169D9A3AF9AF9491EEB5A18F1E804A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Leysera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="tenella">Leysera tenella</taxonomicName>
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DC.,
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<taxonomicName id="2586A9AA4031F742BD4A8DA4F57BFD49" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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; 3 ♀♀ visiting pale violet flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="1F91641B3BF2F1C9B942A0F112DC2CFC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Selago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Selago</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="F460F0A1E85B3001CDC7F8C840916BD6" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
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); same locality, 1.x.2009 (F. W. and S. K. Gess), 10 ♀♀, 1 ♂ (6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ visiting pale violet flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="7F42F39ACAE4BA5CA16910D9D57A6177" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
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near
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<emphasis id="FE781335487C0914E7F60EDEFADD2AFE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
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; 3 ♀♀ on ground between plants of
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<taxonomicName id="6BE79BE4462DA1BD261D63F71F7FE32F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
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near
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<emphasis id="813C143B3AA6E7E2319FBA6E05071F61" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
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); same locality, 5.x.2009 (F. W. and S. K. Gess), 16 ♀♀ (10 ♀♀ visiting pale violet flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="6D42C8C41F648BEBB0721AE634E26DF5" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
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near
|
||
<emphasis id="498A1A7581E458A6BBCF9EAA99CB4D28" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada;</emphasis>
|
||
3 ♀♀ visiting pale violet flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2654B4E460D582558B3B4EC2155A5942" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Selago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Selago</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,); same locality, 8.x.2009 (F. W. and S. K. Gess), 4 ♀♀ (visiting pale violet flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29F7935A4EBB402C0CB2EBF36FD19FAD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<emphasis id="1705E3C5098ECB643BEE663A32ED9B86" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
|
||
); same locality, 9.x.2009 (F. W. and S. K. Gess), 11 ♀♀ (9 ♀♀ from yellow pan traps associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B693CBD1633A7CD8720582BDA1DE5A68" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<emphasis id="D38B9F6F5C475A7329ADF8D57380E7E5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 ♀ from yellow pan traps associated with pale violet flowered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12CFC2B98693EFB50667925CC5F04C89" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Selago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Selago</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.; 1 ♀ from yellow pan traps associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B02F5A93F88A0A2A5A801BBBE5331B32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Leysera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="tenella">Leysera tenella</taxonomicName>
|
||
); same locality, 10.x.2009 (D. W. Gess), 4 ♀♀ (2 ♀♀ visiting pale violet flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78AB9B50A000A519916588B7A21E0F7E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<emphasis id="961B7A0F578D243E4551E58B8F3FD340" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
|
||
; 2 ♀♀ visiting yellow flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC392CC2B5C11E9707F83503F0BE7F4F" class="Eudicots" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Chrysocoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F349911EFF89A503DBC0258FB1B539E7" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); same locality and date (F. W. and S. K. Gess), 1 ♀ associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B364C9F1035AC6E1633BB9044E5955C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<emphasis id="184AE3F5D4A0938BBC8C2902881F20EB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">polyclada</emphasis>
|
||
) - [all AMG].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1AD67284232CB508175701B68DAF9DD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="geographic distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3404F512611C7B9E6B8FE549FBDD07C7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="478B93F6378B7D26DD13D9FD73C5B596" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Known from the Northern Cape, the collecting localities being sited in the Succulent Karoo, the Mountain Renosterbosveld and at the in
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0FC908A1761DD64D0837CD37217202A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">terface</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of the Mountain Renosterbosveld and the Western Mountain Karoo of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="77B56B0BA8B1B012F5665DF895081BB7" author="Acocks, JPH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 192" refId="B2" refString="Acocks, JPH, 1953. Veld types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 29: 1 - 192" title="Veld types of South Africa" volume="29" year="1953">Acocks (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="02DA8D6B2ED38A74B245B4C4B7D10E7E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="floral associations">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B7D8B5F6C61861F882583AD70DD68B7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Floral associations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A2A6AE23A75CC077FEF269F6E953604B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="472812DD47FAFEF1B193C850C56F6132" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="689EC0066FDF26C138BA52A2E7451E2B" class="Eudicots" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Chrysocoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B5116D71D8F3DDFB131EC6990238147" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Leysera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Leysera</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A222CDDA5119F25CA28D9CADF5B6194D" genus="Campanulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3357E183E6EBE50E4B65A6889FE0E0EE" authority="" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Wahlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Wahlenbergia)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D6A27E51DE5348D97F11342243D7CCC" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20C47476FD9B058948243B01145F4D57" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Selago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Selago</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The floral associations were previously unknown (see Gess, 2007: 221).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="937078E911C9056E0A34190E33C4F182" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion of nesting">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3BCD01D2FFF245E8E9C78A94A711742" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion of Nesting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CED8E01C3C7D0384DA90477A2953B6EA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
As was recorded previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0608035234AD4B35DDF9A8BB5471657" author="Gess, FW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="211 - 233" refId="B4" refString="Gess, FW, 2007. The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Part I. Description of new species with complete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16: 211 - 233" title="The genus Quartinia Ed. Andre, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae) in southern Africa. Part I. Description of new species with complete venation." volume="16" year="2007">Gess 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 221) a male was reared from a cell in a sand-filled shell of the desert snail
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FDD90227A75A85F915732E20DDA30F1" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1905" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorcasiidae" genus="Trigonephrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Trigonephrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Mollusca: Gasteropoda: Pulmonata:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D13EED48829366E6228B8EA524C06181" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorcasiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dorcasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) collected W of Wallekraal. On the basis of this rearing,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D3B73097A6CF230F21FD3D55AF96AD8" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was grouped together with seven other species characterized as nesting in sand-filled snail shells. One of these other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6B8F3277ADD2CA2697621A1F8B23C4B" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="refugicola">Quartinia refugicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gess, though throughout its presently known distribution found to nest in sand-filled shells, was found at Rosh Pinah to nest in addition in sand-filled cavities in calcrete rocks. Consequently, nesting in snail shells by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F21453414FEFE264ECE8154794CE0F08" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufigicola">Quartinia rufigicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be considered to be facultative rather than obligatory. The same must be true for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C36E3C600421D1FC6F588F90C132B936" authorityName="Gess" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Quartinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">Quartinia namaquensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and possibly for the other species nesting in snail shells), for at the site at Sutherland, where the species was so common, no suitable snail shells were present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |