447 lines
48 KiB
XML
447 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A566889406B1FB9DE8694A05B9EB26FA">Molecular and bioacoustic differentiation of Boophis occidentalis with description of a new treefrog from north-western Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1928C320CC8FDFB4FDACCEA5AEF3D466">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1CEF1151816307331029A7A9E0B15E4">Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D82DE6B8EE71FB5C71718418201B084">Glos, Julian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB26C1121288AFDB0ED3F1EF7DAF0A11">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E2CDFC1E07F7F69E2C275F5751E8036F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7AB09B4C494F3B70AD5A0623C98648D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0F82CEF92561BEC14C0A00E97DF1FA1F">
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<mods:date id="3E70766982311985A1FAD7915FC074CB">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52862EF8E44C75C46F00FE9A2E197C56">2544</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5387CBB5670600FB8429DBF19E9D5822" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.196743</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="356FCEF3DD74A8FFD733F621C0BE8B5A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C769FB16FFAFFFA0FF6DFB6B4260F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C769FB16FFAFFFA0FF6DFB6B4260F837" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C769FB16FFAFFFA0FF6DFB6B4260F837" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFAFFFAFFF6DFB6B4079FAD4" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="1437FD6CFFAFFFAFFF6DFB6B40FBFB31" bold="true" box="[151,472,1231,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF6DFB6B40FBFB31" bold="true" box="[151,472,1231,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFAFFFAFFF6DFB6B4050FB31" ID-CoL="MHV7" box="[151,371,1231,1257]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF6DFB6B4050FB31" bold="true" box="[151,371,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Boophis tsilomaro</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="66872B69FFAFFFAFFE80FB6B40FBFB31" box="[378,472,1231,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFAFFFAFFF6DFB564079FAD4" blockId="5.[151,472,1231,1292]" box="[151,346,1266,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">(figures 2 and 4)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFAFFFAFFF6DFA9943B7FA79" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFAFFFAFFF6DFA9943B7FA79" blockId="5.[151,1437,1341,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF6DFA994007FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,292,1341,1367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</emphasis>
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||
The specific name is used as a noun in apposition and is composed of the
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<collectingCountry id="37D70A90FFAFFFAFFB79FA9945D6FA8F" box="[1155,1269,1341,1367]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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words "tsilo", meaning "spine", and "maro", meaning "many". The name makes reference to the typical keratinized spicules on the dorsum and chest of breeding males.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFAFFFAFFF3CFA0940A4F9CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFAFFFAFFF3CFA0940A4F9CA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1341,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF3CFA094017FA1F" bold="true" box="[198,308,1453,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Remark.</emphasis>
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||
This species has been referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFAFFFAFFD19FA0942FBFA1E" box="[739,984,1453,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFD19FA0942FBFA1E" box="[739,984,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Boophis occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Andreone
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFB85FA094599FA1E" box="[1151,1210,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2002) and Vences
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF6DFA7741F6FA34" box="[151,213,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2006), as
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||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFAFFFAFFE9BFA7740E7FA34" box="[353,452,1491,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFE9BFA7740E7FA34" box="[353,452,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Boophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFAFFFAFFE02FA76439FFA34" box="[504,700,1490,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFDD3FA77439FFA34" box="[553,700,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by Glaw & Vences (2007:166–167) and as
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<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFAFFFAFFB2CFA774419FA34" box="[1238,1338,1491,1516]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFB2CFA774419FA34" box="[1238,1338,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Boophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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Vieites
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF15FA5C4009F9C9" box="[239,298,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFAFFFA2FF3CF9B94455FA05" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<title id="3DC4A136FFAFFFAFFF3CF9B940EAF9EF" box="[198,457,1565,1591]" jopScore="0.013099485" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF3CF9B9401CF9EF" bold="true" box="[198,319,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFAFFFAFFF3CF9B94019F9EF" box="[198,314,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A
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</title>
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<year id="3B680B53FFAFFFAFFE21F9B94335F9EF" box="[475,534,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">2002</year>
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(
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</journalOrPublisher>
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<part id="3B64E09DFFAFFFAFFD73F9B943F6F9EF" box="[649,725,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="volume">10667</part>
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, formalin fixed), adult male collected at Berara Forest (Sahamalaza Peninsula, north-western
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||
<collectingCountry id="37D70A90FFAFFFAFFD9CF9E643D9F984" box="[614,762,1602,1628]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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), 14°818.55'S and 47°854.92'E,
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<quantity id="8838E7E5FFAFFFAFFB87F9E645EAF984" box="[1149,1225,1602,1628]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., Mahajanga Province, Analalava Fivondronana, Ambolobozo Firaisana and western part of the Befotaka Firaisana, on 20 February
|
||
<pagination id="7609B4F4FFAFFFAFFEF2F9294060F97F" box="[264,323,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="pagination">2000</pagination>
|
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by F. Andreone, J. E. Randrianirina & M. Vences.
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</bibRef>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFAFFFAFFF3CF91640C2F874" blockId="5.[151,1437,1341,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<author id="977DA2E5FFAFFFAFFF3CF91640EBF914" box="[198,456,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="7DB49612FFAFFFAFFF3CF9164068F914" bold="true" box="[198,331,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFAFFFAFFF3CF9164065F914" box="[198,326,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFEAFF916408BF914" box="[341,424,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
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A
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</author>
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<year id="3B680B53FFAFFFAFFE32F9164321F914" box="[456,514,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">1996</year>
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<title id="3DC4A136FFAFFFAFFDF6F916455FF914" box="[524,1148,1714,1740]" jopScore="0.027181035" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="_" typeScore="64">
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(
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFDE9F916437DF914" box="[531,606,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
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10581), adult female;
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFC88F91642E6F914" box="[882,965,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
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A2001 (
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFBCBF916455FF914" box="[1073,1148,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
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</title>
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<part id="3B64E09DFFAFFFAFFB7CF91645F1F914" box="[1158,1234,1714,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="volume">10667</part>
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, formalin fixed), adult male;
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFEDAF97C4050F92A" box="[288,371,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
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A2004 (
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFE2DF97C4301F92A" box="[471,546,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
10666, formalin fixed), adult female;
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFC25F97C4511F92A" box="[991,1074,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A1997 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFB6CF97C45C2F92A" box="[1174,1249,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
10653),
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFAB3F97C44BFF92A" box="[1353,1436,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A1998 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFF02F9594067F8CF" box="[248,324,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
10659),
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFE4AF9594327F8CF" box="[432,516,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A 1999 (
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFD8FF95943E2F8CF" box="[629,705,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
10661),
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<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFCD7F95942A2F8CF" box="[813,897,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2003 (
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||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFAFFFAFFC11F9594514F8CF" box="[1003,1079,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
10695), four adult males. All the individuals have been collected at Berara Forest (Sahamalaza Peninsula, north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="37D70A90FFAFFFAFFB02F88644B3F8E4" box="[1272,1424,1826,1852]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
), 14°818.55'S and 47°854.92'E,
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFAFFFAFFDEBF8EC437DF8BA" box="[529,606,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., Mahajanga Province, Analalava Fivondronana, Ambolobozo Firaisana and western part of the Befotaka Firaisana, on
|
||
<pagination id="7609B4F4FFAFFFAFFC8BF8C9429CF85F" box="[881,959,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" type="pagination">20–21</pagination>
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<journalOrPublisher id="950140CCFFAFFFAFFC33F8C945A0F85F" box="[969,1155,1901,1927]" jopScore="0.366944" pageId="5" pageNumber="59">February 2000</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
by F. Andreone, J. E. Randrianirina & M. Vences.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFACFFACFF6DFCD941D7FC2C" blockId="6.[151,1436,893,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFF6DFCD94039FC4D" bold="true" box="[151,282,893,917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved adult male specimens of (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFACFFACFD3FFCD94284FC4C" box="[709,935,893,916]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFD3FFCD94284FC4C" box="[709,935,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">Boophis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2314/2007 from Isalo) and (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFACFFACFABEFCD941DFFC6C" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFABEFCD941DFFC6C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">Boophis tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype MRSN A2002 from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFACFFACFDB3FC3943B3FC6C" box="[585,656,925,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berara">Berara</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest). Both males were collected in breeding condition during emission of advertisement calls; note the slightly larger size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFACFFACFD29FC194275FC0C" box="[723,854,957,980]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFD29FC194275FC0C" box="[723,854,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">B. tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the dense coverage of its dorsum with keratinized spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BBF1A88FFACFFACFF6DF8344084F81F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196746/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[232,1349,1082,1909]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFACFFACFF6DF8344084F81F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1936,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFF6DF8344039F870" bold="true" box="[151,282,1936,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Sonagram and corresponding oscillogram of one note of a call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFACFFACFC14F83545F2F870" box="[1006,1233,1937,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFACFFACFC14F83545F2F870" box="[1006,1233,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="60">Boophis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2314/2007) from Isalo National Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BBF1A88FFADFFADFF6DF8FE4514F809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196747/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[188,1392,194,1859]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFADFFADFF6DF8FE4514F809" blockId="7.[151,1436,1882,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFADFFADFF6DF8FE4002F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,289,1882,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFADFFADFE25F8FE4392F8A9" box="[479,689,1882,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFADFFADFE25F8FE4392F8A9" box="[479,689,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="61">Boophis tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life, photographed at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFADFFADFC2AF8FE453FF8A9" box="[976,1052,1882,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berara">Berara</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest in February 2000. (a) Two brownish-coloured and two green-coloured males as part of a breeding aggregation sitting in a shallow and slow-flowing part of a stream; (b) green-coloured male in the stream, visible on the stones are eggs of this species; (c) calling male; (d) brown-coloured male in dorsolateral view; (e) ventral view of same specimen as in (d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BBF1A88FFA2FFA2FF6DFBC745B1FB62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196748/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1434,194,1100]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA2FFA2FF6DFBC745B1FB62" blockId="8.[151,1436,1123,1210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FF6DFBC7403AFBA3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1123,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FE3DFBC74385FBA2" box="[455,678,1123,1146]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FE3DFBC74385FBA2" box="[455,678,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Isalo National Park in life. (a–b) Male specimen ZSM 2314/2007 in dorsolateral and ventral view, and (c) same specimen at its calling position in a small cavity in a rock above a stream, photographed on 15 February 2007; (d) holotype (ZFMK 57383) collected on 29 January 1994.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA2FFA2FF3CFB474455FA05" blockId="8.[151,1437,1251,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FF3CFB4740E7FB25" bold="true" box="[198,452,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs and larval stages (all from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FCBDFB4742B6FB25" box="[839,917,1251,1277]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berara">Berara</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest):
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FC04FB474572FB25" box="[1022,1105,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2005 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FF46FAAD40B2FAFB" box="[188,401,1289,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-02-26">26 February 2000</date>
|
||
, at 11 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FDFCFAAD437AFAFB" box="[518,601,1289,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2006 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FC28FAAD4558FAFB" box="[978,1147,1289,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-03-04">4 March 2000</date>
|
||
, at 15 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FB08FAAD4466FAFB" box="[1266,1349,1289,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2007 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FE4CFA8A4341FA90" box="[438,610,1326,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-03-07">7 March 2000</date>
|
||
, at around 14–16 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FC99FA8A4294FA90" box="[867,951,1326,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2008 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FACDFA8A41F6FAB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-03-09">9 March 2000</date>
|
||
, at about 18 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FE75FAF740C1FAB5" box="[399,482,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2009 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FCACFAF7452FFAB5" box="[854,1036,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-03-26">26 March 2000</date>
|
||
, at about 20–22 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FB08FAF74466FAB5" box="[1266,1349,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2010 (tadpole, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FE58FADD431EFA4B" box="[418,573,1401,1427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-04-09">9 April 2000</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FDAAFADD43AFFA4B" box="[592,652,1401,1427]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
57/2001 (embryos, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FBEFFADD45CBFA4B" box="[1045,1256,1401,1427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-02-22">22 February 2000</date>
|
||
, at about 10 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FF6DFA3A41F0FA60" box="[151,211,1438,1464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
54/2001 (embryos, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FDA4FA3A4211FA60" box="[606,818,1438,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-02-23">23 February 2000</date>
|
||
, at about 9.15 h),
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FBFFFA3A4562FA60" box="[1029,1089,1438,1464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
56/2001 (tadpoles, preserved on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FF46FA6740ACFA05" box="[188,399,1475,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-02-24">24 February 2000</date>
|
||
, at about 22 h);
|
||
<collectionCode id="29D1D2C5FFA2FFA2FDB1FA6743A4FA05" box="[587,647,1475,1501]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
192/2001 (eggs, laid on
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA2FFA2FC51FA67455CFA05" box="[939,1151,1475,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" value="2000-02-20">20 February 2000</date>
|
||
, fixed at about 24 h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFA2FFA3FF3CFA4C4396FEFA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA2FFA3FF3CFA4C4396FEFA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1251,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FF3CFA4C4065F9DA" bold="true" box="[198,326,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FD8BFA4D43F2F9DA" box="[625,721,1513,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FD8BFA4D43F2F9DA" box="[625,721,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of an intercalary element between ultimate and penultimate phalanges of fingers and toes (verified by external examination), enlarged terminal discs of fingers and toes, lateral metatarsalia separated by webbing, absence of outer metatarsal tubercle, molecular phylogenetic relationships (see Vieites
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FD1DF9FD4200F9AA" box="[743,803,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009 for a complete molecular analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FAD0F9FD44A8F9AA" box="[1322,1419,1625,1650]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FAD0F9FD44A8F9AA" box="[1322,1419,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and overall similarity to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FDEDF9DA435FF94F" box="[535,636,1662,1687]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FDEDF9DA435FF94F" box="[535,636,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FC47F9DA4585F94F" box="[957,1190,1662,1687]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albilabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FC47F9DA4585F94F" box="[957,1190,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis albilabris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on the following combination of characters: large size (male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA2FFA2FC90F90742D1F965" box="[874,1010,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="53.0">53–64 mm</quantity>
|
||
); well developed webbing between fingers; presence of vomerine teeth; green colouration in life and colouration in preservative with a purple shade; presence of a white line along upper lip; molecular phylogenetic relationships (Vieites
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FB27F94A4434F8DF" box="[1245,1303,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009); and overall similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FE70F8B7433CF8F4" box="[394,543,1811,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albilabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FE70F8B7433CF8F4" box="[394,543,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">B. albilabris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FDD5F8B7422BF8F4" box="[559,776,1811,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FDD5F8B7422BF8F4" box="[559,776,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other described species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FAC1F8B7402CF88A" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albilabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FAC1F8B7402CF88A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">Boophis albilabris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by substantial genetic differentiation, with pairwise 16S divergences of 3.1–3.8% to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FA78F89D4006F8AF" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FA78F89D4006F8AF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">B. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 4.5–6.0% to other species of the group. It further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FBCCF8FA45F1F8AF" box="[1078,1234,1886,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FBCCF8FA45F1F8AF" box="[1078,1234,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">B. praedictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FAF0F8FA44BFF8AF" box="[1290,1436,1886,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albilabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FAF0F8FA44BFF8AF" box="[1290,1436,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">B. albilabris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence in most specimens of light dorsolateral lines which run from the eyes to the mid-flanks, by smaller size (adult SVL
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA2FFA2FE4FF80D4310F81B" box="[437,563,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="53.0">53–64 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA2FFA2FD9EF80D43C0F81B" box="[612,739,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="75.5" valueMax="89.0" valueMin="62.0">62–89 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA2FFA2FCE6F80D42BDF81B" box="[796,926,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="84.5" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="76.0">76–93 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively) and by the colouration of the iris periphery (bluish vs. reddish, whitish or greenish). It mostly resembles its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA2FFA2FB10F86A44BFF83F" box="[1258,1436,1998,2023]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA2FFA2FB10F86A44BFF83F" box="[1258,1436,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="62">B. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see figure 5) from which it differs by a different iris colouration (outer iris ring orange-brown vs. metallic turquoise blue), a less distinct light dorsolateral stripe from the eye to mid-flanks (especially in preservative), larger size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA3FFA3FE99FF4640C1FF24" box="[355,482,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="53.0">53–64 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA3FFA3FDEEFF4643B7FF24" box="[532,660,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="46.0">46–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), a more distinct white line along the upper lip, and distinct differences in advertisement calls (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07DA198BFFA3FFA0FF3CFE894260F837" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA3FFA3FF3CFE89425CFBD4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA3FFA3FF3CFE894307FE9F" bold="true" box="[198,548,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA3FFA3FE4BFE89433CFE9F" box="[433,543,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male in breeding condition. Body moderately slender; head slightly longer than wide, slightly wider than body; snout rounded in dorsal view, obtuse in lateral view, nostrils directed laterally, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis distinct, slightly concave in dorsal view, loreal region slightly concave; tympanum distinct, rounded, TD 67% of ED; supratympanic fold thin, distinct; vomerine odontophores distinct, well separated in two elongated patches, positioned posteromedial to choanae; choanae medium-sized, elongated. Tongue posteriorly bifid, free. Arms slightly thickened, with a white dermal edge from elbow to the lateral base of the finger. Subarticular tubercles single, round; metacarpal tubercles not recognizable; fingers broadly webbed; webbing formula 1(1),
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA3FFA3FB56FD9645E6FD94" box="[1196,1221,562,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">2i</date>
|
||
(1.5), 2e(0),
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA3FFA3FAA1FD964451FD94" box="[1371,1394,562,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">3i</date>
|
||
(2), 3e(0), 4(0); relative length of fingers 1<2<4<3 (finger 2 distinctly shorter than finger 4); finger discs enlarged. A bony prepollex at the base of the first finger. Black keratinized nuptial pads on the base of the prepollex, and on the inner sides of fingers 1–3 as far as they are free of web, reaching the base of terminal finger discs. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching centre of eye when hindlimb is pressed along body; lateral metatarsalia separated by webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle small, distinct, elongated; no outer metatarsal tubercle; toes almost fully webbed; webbing formula 1(0),
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA3FFA3FCBEFCB64278FCF4" box="[836,859,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">2i</date>
|
||
(0.25), 2e(0),
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA3FFA3FC01FCB64532FCF4" box="[1019,1041,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">3i</date>
|
||
(0.5), 3e(0),
|
||
<date id="3B7E6CC0FFA3FFA3FB5EFCB6459FFCF4" box="[1188,1212,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">4i</date>
|
||
(0.5), 4e(0.5), 5(0); relative length of toes 1<2<5=3<4; toe discs enlarged. Skin granular on dorsal surfaces, especially where covered by black keratinized skin (almost whole head and back from snout to vent, external parts of lower arm, lower leg, tarsus and lateral sides of toes 4 and 5). Cloaca difficult to recognize, apparently concealed by a skin fold and oriented anteroventrally. Skin largely folded on the flanks, slightly granular on throat and chest, on belly and ventral surfaces of thighs except for a keratinized band along the lower lip and a second band of similar width (
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA3FFA3FE58FC564329FBD4" box="[418,522,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). For measurements see table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA3FFA3FF3FFBBC42D9FA5A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">After almost ten years in preservative, ground colour of dorsal upper surfaces is purple, which however is superimposed by large areas of skin covered by blackish keratinized spicules. A purple band below the canthus rostralis runs from snout tip to eye and is continued on ring surrounding the eye ventrally. The tympanum is purplish-brown. A narrow white band runs along the upper lip. Dorsal sides of fingers and toes pale yellowish. Upper flanks purple, lower flanks yellowish. A continuous pale yellowish narrow stripe on the lateral edges of lower arm and lateral finger and on the heel, and a discontinuous one along tarsus and lateral toe. All ventral surfaces pale yellowish except the areas along the lower lip, on the chest between the arms, and to a much lesser extent on the ventral side of the tarsus which are covered by blackish keratinized spicules. A light dorsolateral stripe from the eye to mid-flanks is not recognizable. Colouration in life unknown, but it might be expected that all purplish parts have been green.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA3FFA3FF3CFA2942A1F854" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA3FFA3FF3CFA294062FA7F" bold="true" box="[198,321,1421,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA3FFA3FDB0FA294399FA7F" box="[586,698,1421,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are given in table 1. Most of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA3FFA3FBBFFA294596FA7F" box="[1093,1205,1421,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
generally resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA3FFA3FF3EFA16400DFA14" box="[196,302,1458,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in morphology and colouration (especially all other males which have similar areas of black keratinized skin), but several differences are evident. MRSN A2001 has a brown colouration without any traces of purple. The dorsal skin is granular, but only fragmentary spicule cover is present on the sides of the head, along lower lip, on chest and elbows and on few other small patches of the dorsal surface. This may indicate that the level of sexual activity was already decreasing when the frog was collected, although black nuptial pads are still present on fingers 1–3. MRSN A2004 and MRSN A1996 are females with rather uniform purple dorsal colouration and distinct light dorsolateral stripes behind the eye. MRSN A1996 has well developed eggs with a light and a dark pole in the body cavity. The body cavity of most
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA3FFA3FB53F91C443AF90A" box="[1193,1305,1720,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(all except MRSN A1997 and MRSN A2001) was opened for further studies. The life colouration of several specimens is shown in figure 4. According to these photographs dorsal colouration varies from green to olive grey, partly superimposed by blackish keratinized spicules in males. Inner iris ring brown, outer iris ring golden, posterior iris periphery blue. The webbing between the toes is red, the dorsal side of fingers and toes is yellow. Throat whitish, belly and ventral parts of limbs beige to orange-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA3FFA0FF3CF833439BFE4A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,402]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA3FFA3FF3CF83340ADF869" bold="true" box="[198,398,1943,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
All available natural history data were published by Andreone
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA3FFA3FB7BF83C459EF869" box="[1153,1213,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002): Individual age assessed by skeletochronology ranged from 4 to 11 years. Breeding behaviour was observed at a seasonal stream in subhumid forest after heavy rainfalls: Five choruses of eight to
|
||
<specimenCount id="59C68189FFA0FFA0FBE1FF3C45AAFF6A" box="[1051,1161,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" type="male">90 males</specimenCount>
|
||
aggregated in shallow brook sections. Calling males were engaged in scramble battles. A description of the call is provided above and in Andreone
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FE8AFF46408CFF23" box="[368,431,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002). The call is documented in Vences
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FC30FF46452AFF23" box="[970,1033,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006) under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FACDFF46400DFEF9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FACDFF464009FEF9" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Boophis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only two females were found. A pair laid a large number of eggs, attached as a single layer of isolated eggs on submerged stones. Tadpoles reared from these eggs had the typical morphology of streambreeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FEFCFEF64045FEB3" box="[262,358,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FEFCFEF64045FEB3" box="[262,358,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">Boophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with a 6(2–6)/3 keratodont formula and a relatively depressed body; see Andreone
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FF6DFEDC41F2FE49" box="[151,209,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002) for a detailed tadpole description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BBF1A88FFA0FFA0FF6DFE664575FD81" ID-Table-UUID="1BBF1A88FFA0FFA0FF6DFE664575FD81" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BBF1A88FFA0FFA0FF6DFE664575FD81" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[151,1437,709,1516]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA0FFA0FF6DFE664575FD81" blockId="10.[151,1437,450,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FF6DFE66402CFE02" bold="true" box="[151,271,450,474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic characters and morphometric measurements (in mm) of adult males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FAB8FE66403AFE21" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FAB8FE66403AFE21" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">Boophis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FEB4FE4640F0FE21" box="[334,467,482,505]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FEB4FE4640F0FE21" box="[334,467,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">B. tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66872B69FFA0FFA0FE21FE464309FE22" box="[475,554,482,506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FE21FE464309FE22" bold="true" box="[475,554,482,506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, summarized as mean (in bold) ± standard deviation, and minimum-maximum in parentheses. The population from the Tsingy de Bemaraha is not considered here (see text for a discussion of their characters). For abbreviations, see Materials and Methods and caption to Table 1. Summarized from original data in Table 1. States of the last three characters refer to both males and females of each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA0FFA0FDD6FDD145F8FD52" blockId="10.[151,1437,450,690]" box="[556,1243,629,650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FDD6FDD145F8FD52" box="[556,1243,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FDD6FDD14382FD52" box="[556,673,629,650]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">B. tsilomaro</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FBB7FDD145F8FD52" box="[1101,1243,629,650]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">B. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F7F4A00FFA0FFA0FEB6FD394260F837" blockId="10.[151,1437,450,690]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1855,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">
|
||
males females males females
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FF3CF89B4044F881" bold="true" box="[198,359,1855,1881]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="907BF4A2FFA0FFA0FD7EF8E44395F882" box="[644,694,1856,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FCB9F8E442B2F882" box="[835,913,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berara">Berara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figure 6). The population from Tsingy de Bemaraha, which resembles both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FDD7F8C1422BF8A6" box="[557,776,1893,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsilomaro">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FDD7F8C1422BF8A6" box="[557,776,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">Boophis tsilomaro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C03183FFA0FFA0FCBEF8C142D6F8A6" box="[836,1013,1893,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB49612FFA0FFA0FCBEF8C142D6F8A6" box="[836,1013,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="64">B. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, needs further study but despite its similarity in external morphology is probably not referable to the new species described herein based on the combined evidence from its life colouration, relative small size of
|
||
<quantity id="8838E7E5FFA0FFA0FC1CF814451EF812" box="[998,1085,1968,1994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
(compare with table 1) and molecular relationships (see phylogenetic tree in figure 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |