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<document id="70EFC048405DE0FB4D70F5F0E8D87A7C" ID-CLB-Dataset="36862" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a492d9a5-7037-44f6-b93d-82559af27d21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286014" ID-ZooBank="0274FCF1-9EEF-4782-A5CA-F92113CAF1C8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460417404935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yamada, Kazutaka &amp; Artchawakom, Taksin" docDate="2014" docId="73608791FFECFFCABBC4F95B857FFD32" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p015.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pilophorus typicus Distant" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="8F59FFE9FFE0FFC7BB53FFB18405FFC2" masterDocTitle="Additional records and descriptions of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus from Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698329037644" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="73BD807EBF67E028B8F53CC0E94F52C6">Additional records and descriptions of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus from Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C30D268E8C569035DBE276AD8E634D9A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9F5F1C4855DD2BC2BBC49DC24D453557">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DBF14761017B849157680F56C812D52">Yamada, Kazutaka</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="1C31FF88FDC40AD36882976F0B5E248A">Artchawakom, Taksin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEF40D56E2FF6E1826988BFEBED63E15">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="863096F684ABC432B971F6B5185BF8CD">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="15CFA89F2F7BEB5994E0EBDEEC483B4D">3795</mods:number>
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<treatment id="73608791FFECFFCABBC4F95B857FFD32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131230" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73608791FFECFFCABBC4F95B857FFD32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73608791FFECFFCABBC4F95B857FFD32" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="B3D3650CFFECFFCBBBC4F95B855FF8E4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB763687FFECFFCBBBC4F95B85EBF8C7" blockId="12.[151,494,1770,1830]" box="[151,494,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="A03E81EBFFECFFCBBBC4F95B85EBF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,494,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3CC94D04FFECFFCBBBC4F95B85EBF8C7" ID-CoL="6VJT2" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[151,494,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFECFFCBBBC4F95B85EBF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,494,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFECFFCBBBC4F95B857CF8C6" bold="true" box="[151,377,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pilophorus typicus</emphasis>
(Distant)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB763687FFECFFCBBBC4F8BC855FF8E4" blockId="12.[151,494,1770,1830]" box="[151,346,1805,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="63F22A02FFECFFCBBBCCF8BC84E2F8E4" box="[159,231,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of Pilophorus spp., living individuals. A &amp; B. P. suwimonae, holotype male (AMNH _ PBI 00380149). C. P. subparallelus, male (00380162). D. P. meteorus, holotype male (00380150). E. Same, female (00380152). F. P. typicus, male (00380192). G. Same, 5 th instar immature (from SERS). H. Undetermined species, female (SERS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286015/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
EF, 4, 7)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3D3650CFFECFFCBBBC4F8E4862BF874" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FB763687FFECFFCBBBC4F8E4862BF874" blockId="12.[151,1436,1877,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFECFFCBBBC4F8E48514F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,273,1877,1902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by its blackish, slender antlike body, comparatively small size (length 2.62.8, width 0.81.0), rather strongly constricted hemelytron (HCR = 0.670.72), and slender, somewhat L-shaped endosoma subapically with a simple flagellum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3D3650CFFEDFFCABB94FF26857FFD32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FB763687FFEDFFCABB94FF2686CFFE6F" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABB94FF268522FF72" bold="true" box="[199,295,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Biology.</emphasis>
This predaceous pilophorine is not host plant specific, and both adults and immature were found from various herbs and broadleaved trees as well as crops. Because the active stages of
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABF74FF0C8088FF16" box="[1063,1165,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. t y p i c u s</emphasis>
are observed to prey on various agricultural pest insects and mites, it is now regarded to be a candidate as an indigenous natural enemy in biological control programs. This species is assumed to have two genotypes in
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCABF54FEB4804FFEDE" box="[1031,1098,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
, although these different races are yet to be determined by morphological characters alone (
<bibRefCitation id="9F584B76FFEDFFCAB869FE9987E7FE82" author="Ito" box="[826,994,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ito, K., Nishikawa, H., Shimada, T., Ogawa, K., Minamiya, T., Tomoda, M., Nakahira, K., Kodama, R., Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R. (2011) Analysis of genetic variation and phylogeny of the predatory bug, Pilophorus typicus, in Japan using mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Insect Science, 11 (18), 1 - 13. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.011.0118" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ito
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCAB832FE98879CFE82" box="[865,921,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Examinations of the male genitalia by the first author TY suggested that the populations in
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCAB9AAFEFD8758FEA7" box="[761,861,332,357]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and many parts of the Oriental Region (including Japanese Ryukyu Islands) may fit the true or broadly conceived
<taxonomicName id="3CC94D04FFEDFFCAB8E6FEC08001FE4A" box="[949,1028,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCAB8E6FEC08001FE4A" box="[949,1028,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, further investigation is required to properly identify some sibling species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB763687FFEDFFCABB94FE06857FFD32" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABB94FE068732FE12" bold="true" box="[199,823,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Specimens examined.
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCABAB2FE068679FE12" box="[481,636,439,464]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
: Chaiyaphum:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EDCFFD0EFFEDFFCAB81BFE098769FE12" box="[840,876,440,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Chulabhom Dam, 16˚3233'N, 101˚3839'E,
<quantity id="3C319B62FFEDFFCABBC4FE6D8526FE36" box="[151,291,476,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="770.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="760.0">760780 m</quantity>
,
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCABA6BFE6D85DEFE36" box="[312,475,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2013-04-16">16 Apr 2013</date>
, T. Yasunaga (AMNH_PBI 00380192) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABF6FFE6D8107FE37" bold="true" box="[1084,1282,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nakhon Nayok:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EDCFFD0EFFEDFFCABE40FE6D8132FE36" box="[1299,1335,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Sarika,
<geoCoordinate id="9EFD5040FFEDFFCABBC4FDB18519FDDA" box="[151,284,512,536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="15" value="14.310834">14°18'39&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9EFD5040FFEDFFCABA7FFDB185B8FDDA" box="[300,445,512,536]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="15" value="101.3">101°18'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, at light,
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCAB97DFDB186CDFDDA" box="[558,712,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-03-13">13 Mar 2009</date>
, T. Yasunaga (00380193) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABF3BFE4E816DFDDA" bold="true" box="[1128,1384,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nakhon Ratchasima:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EDCFFD0EFFEDFFCABE21FDB18193FDDA" box="[1394,1430,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, SERS near dam, 14˚29'49”N, 101˚54'57”E,
<quantity id="3C319B62FFEDFFCAB9D5FD9586C8FDFE" box="[646,717,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCAB855FD958796FDFE" box="[774,915,548,572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2008-10-28">28 Oct 2008</date>
, T. Yasunaga (00380194) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABE74FD95819EFDFF" bold="true" box="[1319,1435,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Saraburi:</emphasis>
1♀, Kaeng Khoi, Kyusei Organic Farm, 14˚32'75”N, 101˚04'71”E, mango flower,
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCABF19FDF980DCFDA2" box="[1098,1241,584,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2009-01-22">22 Jan 2009</date>
, T. Yasunaga, K. Yamada (00380195) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABAA3FDDD86C9FD47" bold="true" box="[496,716,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCABAA3FDDD864BFD47" box="[496,590,620,645]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: Ryukyus:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EDCFFD0EFFEDFFCAB987FDDD86FDFD46" box="[724,760,620,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Ishigaki Island, Ban'na Park, on ornamental Hirado-Azalea (
<taxonomicName id="3CC94D04FFEDFFCABBF3FD3E8540FD6A" box="[160,325,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABBF3FD3E8540FD6A" box="[160,325,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhododendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
x
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABA3BFD3E85D6FD6A" box="[360,467,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pulchrum</emphasis>
),
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCABABDFD21868CFD6A" box="[494,649,656,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1997-11-21">21 Nov 1997</date>
, T. Yasunaga (00380196) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCABF7FFD3E80DEFD6A" bold="true" box="[1068,1243,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCABF7FFD3E80D2FD6A" box="[1068,1239,655,680]" name="Singapore" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
1♀,
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCABE49FD3E815FFD6A" box="[1306,1370,655,680]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pulau</collectingCountry>
Ubin (Ubin Island),
<date id="8F771047FFEDFFCABA10FD0585C2FD0E" box="[323,455,692,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1989-01-04">4 Jan 1989</date>
, T. Yasunaga (00380197) (TYCN).
<emphasis id="C9BDEA95FFEDFFCAB838FD058017FD0F" bold="true" box="[875,1042,692,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="83DE7617FFEDFFCAB838FD058008FD0F" box="[875,1037,692,717]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
1♀, image examined (00085509) (
<typeStatus id="24728825FFEDFFCABBCDFD66850CFD32" box="[158,265,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>