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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fda9578f-8d92-481a-9603-77052b49b187" ID-PMC="PMC5674218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-713-53" ID-PubMed="29134040" ID-ZBK="E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-713-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 713" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species – an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" checkinTime="1509722104666" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schmid-Egger, Christian, Achterberg, Kees van, Neumeyer, Rainer, Jerome Moriniere, &amp; Schmidt, Stefan" docDate="2017" docId="5AB2550D847195AD542C6689C1F01336" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 713: 53-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 713" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" docTitle="Polistes mongolicus du Buysson, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFEFFFC06630F227E86BFFE9FFD9FB3D" masterDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1668165095195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmid-Egger, Christian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Kees van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neumeyer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jerome Moriniere,</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>713</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>53</mods:start>
<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-713-53</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AB2550D847195AD542C6689C1F01336" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AB2550D847195AD542C6689C1F01336" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="40" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName authority="du Buysson" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes mongolicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolicus">Polistes mongolicus du Buysson</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="40" pageNumber="93">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 17 19
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="41" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus var. mongolicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gallicus" variety="mongolicus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="94" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
gallicus var. mongolicus
</taxonomicName>
du Buysson, 1911, Bulletin du Museum National d Histoire Naturelle 76: 218 Syntypes males, females (MNHN, ZISP, male from MNHN examined by RN &amp; CvA, hereby designated as lectotype by CvA), type locality: road from Kuqa [Koutchar] to Karashahr [Karachar], China (Xinjiang autonomous region), ix.1909. Stat. rev.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes omissus var. ordubadensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="omissus" variety="ordubadensis">Polistes omissus var. ordubadensis</taxonomicName>
Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchner Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 381. Holotype female (ZSM, examined by RN &amp; CvA), type locality: Ordubad, Azerbaijan. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes omissus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="omissus" subspecies="kaszabi">
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="95" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
omissus kaszabi
</taxonomicName>
Giordani Soika, 1970: 327 328 Holotype female (HNHM, examined by RN), type locality Duusch ul near Zuunkharaa [Zuun-Chara], Mongolia. Synonymy tentative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes hellenicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellenicus">Polistes hellenicus</taxonomicName>
Arens, 2011: 464 Holotype male (coll. Werner Arens, examined by RN), paratype (examined by CvA), type locality: Ano Kotili, Greece. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="95" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
The species is widespread in SE Europe to C Asia and China. Apart from the original description it was later described as
<taxonomicName infraspecific-rank="var." lsidName="P. omissus var. ordubadensis" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="variety" species="omissus" variety="ordubadensis">P. omissus var. ordubadensis</taxonomicName>
Zirngiebl from Caucasus and as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hellenicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hellenicus">P. hellenicus</taxonomicName>
from Greece by
<bibRefCitation author="Arens, W" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitrage" pageId="49" pageNumber="102" pagination="443 - 481" title="Die sozialen Faltenwespen der Peloponnes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Polistes-Art und einem regionalen Polistes-Bestimmungsschlussel." volume="43" year="2011">Arens (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Arens, W" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitrage" pageId="49" pageNumber="102" pagination="443 - 481" title="Die sozialen Faltenwespen der Peloponnes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Polistes-Art und einem regionalen Polistes-Bestimmungsschlussel." volume="43" year="2011">Arens (2011)</bibRefCitation>
was the first who recognized two different species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gallicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="gallicus">P. gallicus</taxonomicName>
species group in Greece and he described
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hellenicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hellenicus">P. hellenicus</taxonomicName>
as new species. He based his description mainly on the short malar space in contrast to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foederatus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="foederatus">P. foederatus</taxonomicName>
with long malar space, and the black venter of the males (yellow in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. foederatus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="foederatus">P. foederatus</taxonomicName>
). Morphological comparison, genetic examination of specimens from a wide geografic range and type study confirms the conspecificity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hellenicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hellenicus">P. hellenicus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ordubadensis" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ordubadensis">P. ordubadensis</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
. Our material increases the known range of the species from Croatia to Central Asia and China, and to NE Africa. The examined type specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
from China is somewhat darker than western specimens, but agrees in general aspects with our species definition. For taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes omissus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="omissus" subspecies="kaszabi">Polistes omissus kaszabi</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="51" pageNumber="104" pagination="67 - 118" title="A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611" volume="400" year="2014">Neumeyer et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
Within the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gallicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="gallicus">P. gallicus</taxonomicName>
group the female of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a short malar space, the lack of yellow spots on the mesoscutum (present in some females from Greece and western Asia), and usually by a yellow clypeus. Some females mainly from Greece have a very small to a medium-sized transverse spot on the clypeus. See
<bibRefCitation author="Arens, W" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitrage" pageId="49" pageNumber="102" pagination="443 - 481" title="Die sozialen Faltenwespen der Peloponnes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Polistes-Art und einem regionalen Polistes-Bestimmungsschlussel." volume="43" year="2011">Arens (2011</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hellenicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hellenicus">P. hellenicus</taxonomicName>
) for discussion of the colour variability.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes foederatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foederatus">Polistes foederatus</taxonomicName>
has longer malar space (see key to species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
The recognition of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
is not problematic in Greece and farther east, but on the Balkans females may be confused with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gallicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="gallicus">P. gallicus</taxonomicName>
(see diagnosis of the latter). Males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
occur in two different colour forms. Specimens from Europe usually have the mesosternum entirely black or with a pair of yellowish spots, whereas the mesosternum of males from Asia and Egypt is largely yellow. Recognition of European males is therefore unambiguous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">
In N Africa
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mongolicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="mongolicus">P. mongolicus</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Egypt, whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gallicus" pageId="42" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="gallicus">P. gallicus</taxonomicName>
occurs in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Specimens from Libya were not examined, but it cannot be ruled out that ranges of both species overlap in this region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Colour variations. All examined females from Egypt have a yellow clypeus, with at most a minute black medial spot; the hypopygium (sternite VI) is partly yellow or reddish; one of the females has a pair of minute yellow spots on the mesoscutum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Balkans from Croatia to Greece, east to Central Asia, Mongolia, and China, south to Israel and Egypt.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="95">Europe: Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Cyprus. Asia: Turkey (Antalya, Hakkari), Israel (Jordan Valley), Azerbaijan, China. Africa: Egypt (Kairo; Al Fajum).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="genetic results">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="96" start="start">Genetic</pageBreakToken>
results.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
Specimens from Croatia, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, and Azerbaijan were analysed.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes mongolicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolicus">Polistes mongolicus</taxonomicName>
shows some genetic divergence, mainly between specimens from Cyprus, from Asia and from Europe, with a mean intraspecific distance of 0.88% and a maximum intraspecific distance of 2.04% (Table 1). They all share the same BIN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>