267 lines
39 KiB
XML
267 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="D7ABB35B3D873B2C00B3926C356C95C2" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6F168E2DAB0FD6F1B04FA99" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paucituberculata Ameghino 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="203" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="202" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9341718482F890D75C29AF3AE07562BF">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="86FB9EC80ECD64F025D265DC939D467F">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="38379A382105377DB3196F6996D2172F">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7E5666262E6CC26052C0CF5AA952CEC3">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5144EC71B782069C3A4075FD9435F5E0">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E798DD08C52A61C76E833A8C8C242D2F">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D100F9888788AD726CD01C358AB95994">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6AEECFCC69E2D2FE61F14D265CBEF07D">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6F168E3DAB0FD6F184FFD1E" box="[187,557,705,729]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DAB0FD6F184FFD1E" blockId="202.[187,557,705,729]" box="[187,557,705,729]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
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<heading id="D0B1DB27F6F168E3DAB0FD6F184FFD1E" box="[187,557,705,729]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DAB0FD6F184FFD1E" ID-CoL="3RQ" authority="Ameghino, 1894" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[187,557,705,729]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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Paucituberculata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DB73FD6F184FFD1E" author="Ameghino, F." box="[376,557,705,729]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="259 - 452" refId="ref188709" refString="Ameghino, F. 1894. Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formations eocenes de Patagonie. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Cordoba 13: 259 - 452." type="journal article" year="1894">Ameghino, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6F168E3DA87FD5D1833FCEB" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DA87FD5D1833FCEB" blockId="202.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB1DFD5D1BD6FCCC" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1898" box="[278,436,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caenolestidae</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DBDAFD5D1852FCCC" box="[465,560,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DBDAFD5D1852FCCC" box="[465,560,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D845FD5D1A98FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Sinclair" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeothentidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeothentidae</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB19FCBA1B1BFCEB" baseAuthorityName="Abello" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[274,377,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Pichipilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DB19FCBA1B1BFCEB" box="[274,377,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Pichipilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and †
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DBCEFCBA1833FCEB" box="[453,593,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DBCEFCBA182FFCEB" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[453,589,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Stilotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stilotherium</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6F168E3DA87FC9B184DFC35" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DA87FC9B1ACEFCA9" blockId="202.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">STEM AGE: 39.9 Mya (95% HPD: 30.7–49.7 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DA87FCD91ACFFC77" blockId="202.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">CROWN AGE: 35.0 Mya (95% HPD: 28.2–44.2 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DA87FC17184DFC35" blockId="202.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: None (but see Comments, below).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6F168E2DA87FC551B04FA99" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3DA87FC551B47F90D" blockId="202.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
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COMMENTS: †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB2EFC551BE0FBD4" box="[293,386,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DB2EFC551BE0FBD4" box="[293,386,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not recovered as a member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DAE7FBB21BC0FBF3" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[236,418,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
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in our craniodental analyses (figs. 30, 31) nor in our undated totalevidence analysis (fig. 32), probably due to the relative incompleteness of relevant fossil material (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DA7FFB0E1B22FB7F" author="Goin, F. J. & M. R. Sanchez-Villagra & A. Abello & R. F. Kay" box="[116,320,1184,1208]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="1267 - 1276" refId="ref206606" refString="Goin, F. J., M. R. Sanchez-Villagra, A. Abello, and R. F. Kay. 2007 b. A new generalized paucituberculatan marsupial from the Oligocene of Bolivia and the origin of ' shrew-like' opossums. Palaeontology 50: 1267 - 1276." type="journal article" year="2007">Goin et al., 2007b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DB45FB0F1BE5FB7E" author="Goin, F. J. & M. A. Abello & L. Chornogubsky" box="[334,391,1185,1209]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="71 - 107" refId="ref206823" refString="Goin, F. J., M. A. Abello, and L. Chornogubsky. 2010. Middle Tertiary marsupials from central Patagonia (early Oligocene of Gran Barranca): understanding South America's Grande Coupure. In R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, and R. F. Kay (editors), The paleontology of Gran Barranca: evolution and environmental change through the middle Cenozoic of Patagonia: 71 - 107. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
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): indeed, †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D80FFB0E1800FB7F" box="[516,610,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D80FFB0E1800FB7F" box="[516,610,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the least complete of all our terminals, scoreable for only 53 out of the 180 characters (rendering it 29.4% complete;
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<tableCitation id="C6C459F0F6F168E3DB32FAAA1BE1FADB" box="[313,387,1284,1308]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="23.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1180,329,1708]" captionText="TABLE 4 Percentage Completeness of Terminal Taxaa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF393CC3F62C683ED869FF4C1912FED9" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" tableUuid="DF393CC3F62C683ED869FF4C1912FED9">table 4</tableCitation>
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). However, the original descriptions of †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB2EFA8B1BE0FAFA" box="[293,386,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DB2EFA8B1BE0FAFA" box="[293,386,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D823FA8B1AB8FA99" author="Goin, F. J. & M. R. Sanchez-Villagra & A. Abello & R. F. Kay" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="1267 - 1276" refId="ref206606" refString="Goin, F. J., M. R. Sanchez-Villagra, A. Abello, and R. F. Kay. 2007 b. A new generalized paucituberculatan marsupial from the Oligocene of Bolivia and the origin of ' shrew-like' opossums. Palaeontology 50: 1267 - 1276." type="journal article" year="2007">Goin et al. (2007b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DAEDFAE81B7EFA99" author="Goin, F. J. & M. A. Abello & L. Chornogubsky" box="[230,284,1350,1374]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="71 - 107" refId="ref206823" refString="Goin, F. J., M. A. Abello, and L. Chornogubsky. 2010. Middle Tertiary marsupials from central Patagonia (early Oligocene of Gran Barranca): understanding South America's Grande Coupure. In R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, and R. F. Kay (editors), The paleontology of Gran Barranca: evolution and environmental change through the middle Cenozoic of Patagonia: 71 - 107. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
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) and in subsequent studies that have examined the phylogenetic relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DA66FA261B46FA67" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[109,292,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DB3DFA261BA7FA67" author="Abello, M. A." box="[310,453,1416,1440]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="441 - 465" refId="ref187949" refString="Abello, M. A. 2013. Analysis of dental homologies and phylogeny of Paucituberculata (Mammalia: Marsupialia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 (2): 441 - 465." type="journal article" year="2013">Abello, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DBD8FA261AC0FA06" author="Forasiepi, A. M. & F. J. Goin & M. A. Abello & E. Cerdeno" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="549 - 564" refId="ref203460" refString="Forasiepi, A. M., F. J. Goin, M. A. Abello, and E. Cerdeno. 2013. A unique, late Oligocene shrew-like marsupial from western Argentina and the evolution of dental morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 (5): 549 - 564." type="journal article" year="2013">Forasiepi et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DAA5FA071B1FFA06" author="Rincon" box="[174,381,1449,1473]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rincon" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="455 - 471" refId="ref224192" refString="Rincon, A. D., B. J. Shockey, F. Anaya, and A. Solorzano. 2015. Palaeothentid marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (late Oligocene): two new species and insights into the post-Eocene radiation of palaeothentoids. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22 (4): 455 - 471." type="journal article" year="2015">Rincón et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DB81FA07181BFA06" author="Engelman, R. K. & D. A. Croft" box="[394,633,1449,1473]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="444 - 462" refId="ref201109" refString="Engelman, R. K., and D. A. Croft. 2016. Evidence for sexual dimorphism in the early Miocene palaeothentid Acdestis owenii (Marsupialia: Paucituberculata). Ameghiniana 53 (4): 444 - 462." type="journal article" year="2016">Engelman et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DA65FA641B2AFA25" author="Abello, M. A. & N. Toledo & E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar" box="[110,328,1482,1506]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="476 - 493" refId="ref188179" refString="Abello, M. A., N. Toledo, and E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar. 2020. Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Historical Biology 32 (4): 476 - 493." type="journal article" year="2020">Abello et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DB53FA641BEDFA25" author="Abello, M. A. & G. M. Martin & Y. Cardoso" box="[344,399,1482,1506]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="464 - 498" refId="ref188229" refString="Abello, M. A., G. M. Martin, and Y. Cardoso. 2021. Review of the extinct ' shrew-opossums' (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae), with descriptions of two new genera and three new species from the Early Miocene of southern South America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (2): 464 - 498." type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
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) collectively present compelling evidence that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB91FA451B9AF9C4" box="[410,504,1515,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DB91FA451B9AF9C4" box="[410,504,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is indeed a paucituberculatan, albeit a dentally plesiomorphic one. For this reason and to enable us to calibrate the age of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DB5FF9E0186EF9A1" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[340,524,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
node, we constrained monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DBB6F9C11819F940" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[445,635,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
including †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DAE3F93E1B27F96F" box="[232,325,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DAE3F93E1B27F96F" box="[232,325,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for our dated total-evidence analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6F168E3DADAF91C1B7BF90D" box="[209,281,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="202" pageNumber="202">fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E3D8C6FF4C1EEEFA9A" blockId="202.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
|
||
However, no craniodental features optimize as an unambiguous synapomorphy for this constrained clade in our dated total-evidence analysis. This is probably due to the incompleteness of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D96BFEC819A7FEB9" box="[864,965,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D96BFEC819A7FEB9" box="[864,965,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Evolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
already mentioned above and to the fact that the immediate sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D93CFE061991FE07" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[823,1011,424,448]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this analysis is †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D8B1FE67192CFE26" box="[698,846,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D8B1FE67192CFE26" box="[698,846,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter result has two unfortunate consequences: first, some features that might otherwise optimize as paucituberculatan synapomorphies (e.g., a gliriform anteriormost lower incisor) are instead optimized as synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D935FDC01998FD41" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[830,1018,622,646]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DE23FDC01ED9FD41" box="[1064,1211,622,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DE23FDC01ED9FD41" box="[1064,1211,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see file S
|
||
<quantity id="4CBEC1AEF6F168E3D92DFD3E1935FD60" box="[806,855,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the online supplement); and second, other traits optimize ambiguously because they are inapplicable in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DE4DFD7C18B4FCCC" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DE4DFD7C18B4FCCC" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neverthless, three traits that optimize as paucituberculatan synapomorphies under Accelerated Transformation—subadult fusion of median parietal suture (char. 25: 0→1; ci = 0.143), presence of a large retrodental canal (char. 100: 0→1; ci = 1.000), and m1 paracristid unnotched (char. 160; ci = 0.125)—represent distinctive features that are undoubtedly absent in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D922FC5519DFFBD4" box="[809,957,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D922FC5519DFFBD4" box="[809,957,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A further three traits that optimize as paucituberculatan synapomorphies under Delayed Transformation—centrocrista discontinuous, with postparacrista and premetacrista terminating in stylar region (char. 140: 2→5; ci = 0.333), upper molar posterolingual cusp formed by metaconule (char. 143: 0→1; ci = 0.400), and paracristids of m2 and m3 deflected posterolingually by hypoconulid of preceding tooth (char. 162: 1→0; ci = 1.000)—are inapplicable in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D9F9FAE81EE4FA99" box="[1010,1158,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D9F9FAE81EE4FA99" box="[1010,1158,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F168E2D8C7FAC91B34FD0F" blockId="202.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastBlockId="203.[108,638,226,1374]" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">
|
||
The relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D9F6FAC91EDEFAB8" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[1021,1212,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Paucituberculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
supported in our dated total-evidence analysis show some differences from those of published phylogenetic analyses of paucituberculatans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D8BFFA4519C4F9C4" author="Goin, F. J. & M. R. Sanchez-Villagra & A. Abello & R. F. Kay" box="[692,934,1515,1539]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="1267 - 1276" refId="ref206606" refString="Goin, F. J., M. R. Sanchez-Villagra, A. Abello, and R. F. Kay. 2007 b. A new generalized paucituberculatan marsupial from the Oligocene of Bolivia and the origin of ' shrew-like' opossums. Palaeontology 50: 1267 - 1276." type="journal article" year="2007">Goin et al., 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D9B6FA451E61F9C4" author="Goin, F. J. & A. M. Candela & M. A. Abello & E. V. Oliveira" box="[957,1027,1515,1539]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="867 - 884" refId="ref206706" refString="Goin, F. J., A. M. Candela, M. A. Abello, and E. V. Oliveira. 2009 a. Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of ' pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155: 867 - 884." type="journal article" year="2009">2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DE11FA451ED5F9C4" author="Abello, M. A." box="[1050,1207,1515,1539]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="441 - 465" refId="ref187949" refString="Abello, M. A. 2013. Analysis of dental homologies and phylogeny of Paucituberculata (Mammalia: Marsupialia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 (2): 441 - 465." type="journal article" year="2013">Abello, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D8A7F9A219F2F9E3" author="Forasiepi, A. M. & F. J. Goin & M. A. Abello & E. Cerdeno" box="[684,912,1548,1572]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="549 - 564" refId="ref203460" refString="Forasiepi, A. M., F. J. Goin, M. A. Abello, and E. Cerdeno. 2013. A unique, late Oligocene shrew-like marsupial from western Argentina and the evolution of dental morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 (5): 549 - 564." type="journal article" year="2013">Forasiepi et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D990F9A21E08F9E3" author="Rincon" box="[923,1130,1548,1572]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rincon" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="455 - 471" refId="ref224192" refString="Rincon, A. D., B. J. Shockey, F. Anaya, and A. Solorzano. 2015. Palaeothentid marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (late Oligocene): two new species and insights into the post-Eocene radiation of palaeothentoids. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22 (4): 455 - 471." type="journal article" year="2015">Rincón et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DE7FF9A2193EF982" author="Engelman, R. K. & D. A. Croft" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="444 - 462" refId="ref201109" refString="Engelman, R. K., and D. A. Croft. 2016. Evidence for sexual dimorphism in the early Miocene palaeothentid Acdestis owenii (Marsupialia: Paucituberculata). Ameghiniana 53 (4): 444 - 462." type="journal article" year="2016">Engelman et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3D96CF9831E4CF982" author="Abello, M. A. & N. Toledo & E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar" box="[871,1070,1581,1605]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="476 - 493" refId="ref188179" refString="Abello, M. A., N. Toledo, and E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar. 2020. Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Historical Biology 32 (4): 476 - 493." type="journal article" year="2020">Abello et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F168E3DE32F9831E11F982" author="Abello, M. A. & G. M. Martin & Y. Cardoso" box="[1081,1139,1581,1605]" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" pagination="464 - 498" refId="ref188229" refString="Abello, M. A., G. M. Martin, and Y. Cardoso. 2021. Review of the extinct ' shrew-opossums' (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae), with descriptions of two new genera and three new species from the Early Miocene of southern South America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (2): 464 - 498." type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most notably, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D92BF9E019EFF9A1" baseAuthorityName="Abello" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[800,909,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Pichipilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D92BF9E019EFF9A1" box="[800,909,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Pichipilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(currently classified as a pichipilid palaeothentoid) does not form a clade with the palaeothentids †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3D9C0F93E1E40F96F" box="[971,1058,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeothentidae" genus="Acdestis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3D9C0F93E1E40F96F" box="[971,1058,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Acdestis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F168E3DE60F93E189AF90D" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeothentidae" genus="Palaeothentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="202" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F168E3DE60F93E189AF90D" italics="true" pageId="202" pageNumber="202">Palaeothentes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as found in other studies, but instead is placed closer to living caenolestids than is the caenolestid †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DB09FEAD1BE9FEDC" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[258,395,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Stilotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DB09FEAD1BE9FEDC" box="[258,395,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Stilotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This may be due to the shared presence of an anteorbital vacuity in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DA71FEEB1A85FE9A" baseAuthorityName="Abello" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[122,231,325,349]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Pichipilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DA71FEEB1A85FE9A" box="[122,231,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Pichipilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and extant caenolestids, whereas this structure is definitively absent in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2D82EFEC8181EFEB9" box="[549,636,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeothentidae" genus="Acdestis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2D82EFEC8181EFEB9" box="[549,636,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Acdestis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DAA5FE291B26FE58" box="[174,324,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeothentidae" genus="Palaeothentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DAA5FE291B26FE58" box="[174,324,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Palaeothentes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the condition in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2D85DFE291AB5FE07" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Stilotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2D85DFE291AB5FE07" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Stilotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown (see char. 4). More generally, these discrepancies could be related to our decision to only include paucituberculatans known from relatively complete craniodental material, and because we did not include many paucituberculatan-specific morphological characters (particularly dental characters) that could not be scored consistently across our broader taxonomic sampling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6F068E2DA86FD7C1B04FA99" blockId="203.[108,638,226,1374]" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">
|
||
Although not included in our analyses, the oldest paucituberculatan described to date is probably †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DAE3FCBA1BD2FCEB" box="[232,432,788,812]" class="Mammalia" genus="Bardalestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DAE3FCBA1BD2FCEB" box="[232,432,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Bardalestes hunco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the middle Eocene La Barda locality of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3512CDBF6F068E2DBA3FC9B1877FC8A" box="[424,533,821,845]" name="Argentina" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F068E2D82DFC9B1ABCFCA9" author="Goin, F. J. & A. M. Candela & M. A. Abello & E. V. Oliveira" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" pagination="867 - 884" refId="ref206706" refString="Goin, F. J., A. M. Candela, M. A. Abello, and E. V. Oliveira. 2009 a. Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of ' pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155: 867 - 884." type="journal article" year="2009">Goin et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DB08FCF81BC5FCA9" authorityName="Bartlett, 1895: 80 (Non Draco Affinis Baumann" authorityYear="1913" box="[259,423,854,878]" class="Mammalia" genus="Riolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="draco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DB08FCF81BC5FCA9" box="[259,423,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Riolestes draco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the slightly older (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F068E2DABDFCD91BB2FC48" author="Woodburne" box="[182,464,887,911]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Woodburne" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" pagination="109 - 119" refId="ref235572" refString="Woodburne, M. O., et al. 2014 a. Revised timing of the South American early Paleogene land mammal ages. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 54: 109 - 119." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Woodburne et al., 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Itaboraí Local Fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3512CDBF6F068E2DAD2FC361B7EFC77" box="[217,284,920,944]" name="Brazil" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, may be based on a deciduous lower premolar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F068E2DB26FC171862FC16" author="Goin, F. J. & A. M. Candela & M. A. Abello & E. V. Oliveira" box="[301,512,953,977]" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" pagination="867 - 884" refId="ref206706" refString="Goin, F. J., A. M. Candela, M. A. Abello, and E. V. Oliveira. 2009 a. Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of ' pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155: 867 - 884." type="journal article" year="2009">Goin et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R.M.D.B., personal obs.), and is not unequivocally paucituberculatan. Our estimate for the age of the divergence between †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6F068E2DB4CFBB21BC9FBF3" box="[327,427,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Evolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2DB4CFBB21BC9FBF3" box="[327,427,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">Evolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and our other paucituberculatatan terminals spans a broad range when the 95% HPD is taken into account, from the middle Eocene to the middle Oligocene. However, this is still younger than the ~48 Mya estimate for this split presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6F068E2D817FB6C1AAEFB3C" author="Abello, M. A. & N. Toledo & E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar" pageId="203" pageNumber="203" pagination="476 - 493" refId="ref188179" refString="Abello, M. A., N. Toledo, and E. Ortiz-Jaureguizar. 2020. Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Historical Biology 32 (4): 476 - 493." type="journal article" year="2020">Abello et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2), which was based on
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6F068E2D808FB4D181EFB3D" box="[515,636,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="203">a posteriori</emphasis>
|
||
timescaling of a strict consensus of most-parsimonious trees rather than a phylogenetic analysis with a clock model.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |