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<mods:title id="1610F05015B6E2EECF761BD546731056">Revision of the species confused with “ Nereis falsa ” de Quatrefages, 1866 (Annelida, Nereididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B9D7AC914FB5F37E525F4EC5F6413C7">Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB9AC3334E819C8E0F64AE5502422BF0">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C5C3991E78C396AC0E42125B18FA816">León-González, Jesús Angel De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F42CDF0042C94FDFBFFF1130047569A0">Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio Biosistemática, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2165318CA352E270D64B79A5FE11D0B7">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. &amp; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio Biosistemática, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FE672A7C83737233" bold="true" box="[616,818,1566,1593]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FF362A7D838D7233" author="Grube A. E." box="[825,972,1567,1593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="137D978C8A054C32FED72A2083607256" box="[728,801,1602,1628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[188,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[202,1398,1446,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-477@5.[188,1399,1444,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type juvenile (MNHN 423-531), after methyl green staining. A. Chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view. B. Chaetiger 25, right parapodium, anterior view. C. Chaetiger 46, right parapodium, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724313/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A054C32FF202A20831A7256" box="[815,859,1602,1628]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionStartId-2="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionStartId-3="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,1203,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetBox-3="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId-0="figure-259@11.[189,1398,1200,1903]" captionTargetId-1="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetId-2="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetId-3="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="16" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, neotype (MNHN 423-311), male epitoke. A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by cover slip. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Posterior region, dorsal view." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." captionText-3="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724319" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5724319/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3–6</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BF98B098A054C32FCB22AEE823D72AC" blockId="9.[189,1238,1675,1737]" box="[189,636,1675,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FCB22AEE81C372AF" box="[189,386,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FD862AE9823872AC" author="Grube A. E." box="[393,633,1675,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840: 75–76</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FCB22ACD83F672C2" author="Claparede E." box="[189,951,1710,1736]" page="478" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1868">
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A054C32FCB22ACD83F672C2" ID-CoL="7cb3d48e-d5c7-48e3-a94e-34314fa19d70" authority="Claparede, 1868: 477 - 478" authorityName="Claparede" authorityPageNumber="477 - 478" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,951,1710,1736]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parallelogramma" subGenus="Nereilepas">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FCB22ACD823772C2" box="[189,630,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nereis (Nereilepas) parallelogramma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FE722ACC83F672C2" author="Claparede E." box="[637,951,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="313 - 584" refId="ref40813" refString="Claparede E. 1868. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 19: 313 - 584. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50163 # page / 375 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1868">Claparède, 1868: 477–478</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 9 fig. 7, pl. 10 fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A054C32FCB22A9A81C0731B" ID-CoL="6S937" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,385,1783,1809]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FCB22A9A81C0731B" box="[189,385,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FD922A958215731B" author="Grube A. E." box="[413,596,1783,1809]" page="70" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FD922A958215731B" author="Grube A. E." box="[413,596,1783,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="56 - 73" refId="ref42834" refString="Grube A. E. 1874 (1873). Die Familie der Lycorideen und die Aufstellung von Gruppen in der Gattung Nereis. Jahres-Bericht der schlesischen Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur 51: 56 - 73. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118508 # page / 76 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1874">Grube 1874: 70</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FF082A95844F7318" author="Nunez J." box="[775,1038,1783,1810]" page="375" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FF082A95844F7318" author="Nunez J." box="[775,1038,1783,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="293 - 390" refId="ref44541" refString="Nunez J. 2004. Familia Nereididae Savigny, 1822. Fauna Iberica 25: 293 - 390." type="journal article" year="2004">Núñez 2004: 375–378</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 139. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32F8802A958157733F" author="Alos C. &amp; Laborda J. &amp; Nunez J. &amp; Parapar J. &amp; Besteiro C. &amp; Moreira J. &amp; San Martin G. &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga M. A." page="513" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32F8802A958157733F" author="Alos C. &amp; Laborda J. &amp; Nunez J. &amp; Parapar J. &amp; Besteiro C. &amp; Moreira J. &amp; San Martin G. &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga M. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="495 - 521" refId="ref39702" refString="Alos C., Laborda J., Nunez J., Parapar J., Besteiro C., Moreira J., San Martin G. &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. 2004. Apendice 1. Nomenclatura: lista de sinonimos y combinaciones. Fauna Iberica 25: 495 - 521." type="journal article" year="2004">
Alós 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32F8FC2A9A856C731B" box="[1267,1325,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 513
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(synonymy).
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<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A054C32FCB22B5C810B735D" ID-CoL="474LV" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[189,330,1853,1879]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FCB22B5C810B735D" box="[189,330,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nereis falsa</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FD652B5F826F735D" author="Fauvel P." box="[362,558,1853,1880]" page="63" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FD652B5F826F735D" author="Fauvel P." box="[362,558,1853,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref41786" refString="Fauvel P. 1913. Quatrieme note preliminaire sur les polychetes provenant des campagnees de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice, ou deposees dans le Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique 270: 1 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 173088 # page / 259 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1913">Fauvel 1913: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FE332B5F82957352" author="Fauvel P." box="[572,724,1853,1880]" page="81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FE332B5F82957352" author="Fauvel P." box="[572,724,1853,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref41937" refString="Fauvel P. 1916. Annelides polychetes pelagiques provenant des Campagnes de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert 1 er, Prince souverain de Monaco 48: 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48837" type="journal article" year="1916">1916: 81–84</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5 figs 1–11 (synonymy, partim); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32F8812B5C85027352" author="Fauvel" box="[1166,1347,1854,1880]" page="337-338" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1923">1923: 337–338</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 129e–m; 1950: 353. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FDF62B0383C77371" author="Fauvel P. &amp; Rullier F." box="[505,902,1888,1915]" page="517" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FDF62B0383C77371" author="Fauvel P. &amp; Rullier F." box="[505,902,1888,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="477 - 533" refId="ref42233" refString="Fauvel P. &amp; Rullier F. 1959. Contribution a la faune des annelides polychetes du Senegal et de Mauritanie (premiere partie). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire, serie A 21 (2): 477 - 533." type="journal article" year="1959">Fauvel &amp; Rullier 1959: 517–518</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FFA82B0385647371" author="Rullier F. &amp; Amoureux L." box="[935,1317,1888,1915]" page="120" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FFA82B0385647371" author="Rullier F. &amp; Amoureux L." box="[935,1317,1888,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="109 - 142" refId="ref45368" refString="Rullier F. &amp; Amoureux L. 1969. Nouvelle contribution a l'etude de la faune des annelides polychetes du Maroc. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles du Maroc 49: 109 - 142." type="journal article" year="1969">Rullier &amp; Amoureux 1969: 120</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7AD188A054C32FCE52BE6824B7395" author="Gravina M. F. &amp; Lezzi M. &amp; Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A." box="[234,522,1924,1951]" page="155" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A054C32FCE52BE6824B7395" author="Gravina M. F. &amp; Lezzi M. &amp; Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A." box="[234,522,1924,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="147 - 164" refId="ref42449" refString="Gravina M. F., Lezzi M., Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A. 2015. The genus Nereis L., 1758 (Polychaeta, Nereididae); state of the art for identification of Mediterranean species. Atti della Societa toscana di Scienze naturali, Memorie, serie B 122: 147 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">
Gravina 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A054C32FD5F2BE781C57394" box="[336,388,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 2015: 155
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 9 (synonymy) (non de Quatrefages, 1866).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CD8828A064C31FCB22D6A822E75B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22D6A81777528" blockId="10.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0B13C658A064C31FCB22D6A81777528" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCB22D6A81777528" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22D5A822E75B1" blockId="10.[189,1400,311,443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A064C31FCB22D5A8148755B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[189,265,312,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCB22D5A8148755B" box="[189,265,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with tentacular belt 2× as long as first chaetiger; tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 4–5. Jaws with 5–6 denticles; paragnaths arranged as follows: I: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FF4B2D388333757E" box="[836,882,346,372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
tandem; II: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31F8092D38842E757E" box="[1030,1135,346,372]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="21.0">21–22 in</quantity>
two rows; III: 28–40; IV: 35–36; V: 0; VI: 4–5; VII–VIII: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FE602D1F82ED759D" box="[623,684,381,407]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="66.0">66 in</quantity>
2 bands. Posterior parapodia with ventral ligule longer than neuracicular ligules and ventral cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CD8828A064C31FCB22D8083347232" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22D8081EB75F6" blockId="10.[189,426,482,508]" box="[189,426,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0B13C658A064C31FCB22D8081EB75F6" bold="true" box="[189,426,482,508]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCB22D8081EB75F6" bold="true" box="[189,426,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCE52E73836C767B" blockId="10.[189,1398,529,626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FCE52E73836C767B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820358" collectingDate="1893-08-04" collectingMethod="electric light" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Campagnes &amp; M. Albert &amp; de Monaco" country="Italy" location="Rade de Santa Lucia" municipality="Naples" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 423-311" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCE52E7381107621" bold="true" box="[234,337,529,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A064C31FCE52E7381107621" box="[234,337,529,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A064C31FCB22E56814E7644" box="[189,271,564,590]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ITALY</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FD282E56817C765B" box="[295,317,564,593]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
epitoke; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D11738A064C31FDA52E5681BF7644" box="[426,510,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Naples</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E99DDD28A064C31FE052E5683417644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF3A1F8A054C28FE672A7C85167204:8E99DDD28A064C31FE052E5683417644" box="[522,768,564,590]" country="Italy" municipality="Naples" name="Rade de Santa Lucia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rade de Santa Lucia</location>
; Campagnes de M. Albert 1 
<superScript id="7C3326418A064C31F84A2E518413764B" attach="left" box="[1093,1106,563,577]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">er</superScript>
de Monaco, 1885–1910, stn 311; 
<collectingMethod id="5207F31E8A064C31FD2E2E3581F6767B" box="[289,439,599,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">electric light</collectingMethod>
; 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A064C31FDCB2E358216767B" box="[452,599,599,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1893-08-04">
<collectingDate id="EFBC54218A064C31FDCB2E358216767B" box="[452,599,599,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1893-08-04">4 Aug. 1893</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FE6C2E3A8368767B" box="[611,809,599,626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 423-311</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCE52EFA81E776B8" blockId="10.[189,1399,664,1008]" box="[234,422,664,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCE52EFA81E776B8" bold="true" box="[234,422,664,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCE52ED9810176DF" blockId="10.[189,1399,664,1008]" box="[234,320,699,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCE52ED9810176DF" bold="true" box="[234,320,699,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atokes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22EBD82AA77FA" blockId="10.[189,1399,664,1008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FCB22EBD81A17735" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820366" collectionCode="MNHN" location="MEDITERRANEAN SEA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN A83b" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E99DDD28A064C31FCB22EBD824876F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF3A1F8A054C28FE672A7C85167204:8E99DDD28A064C31FCB22EBD824876F3" box="[189,521,735,761]" name="MEDITERRANEAN SEA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEDITERRANEAN SEA</location>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FE252EBD823F76F3" box="[554,638,735,761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FE9E2EBD82A976F3" box="[657,744,735,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FF372EBD833E76F3" box="[824,895,735,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, 71 chaetigers; anterior and median parapodial ligules blunt, digitate, posterior ones tapered; pharynx fully exposed, area VI: 4+ 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31F94B2F6085367716" box="[1348,1399,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
diamond); 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FD312F4481A17735" box="[318,480,805,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN A83b</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FDF32F4782E177A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820343" collectingDate="1905-09-13" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Monaco" location="Chaine de l'Eider" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 423-531" specimenCount="4">
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FDF32F478212774A" box="[508,595,805,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">4 specs</specimenCount>
(without posterior regions, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FF912F47845F774A" box="[926,1054,805,832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="16.0">16–31 mm</quantity>
long, 1.1–3.0 mm wide, 48– 57 chaetigers; longest tentacular cirri reach chaetigers 3–4; one medium-sized specimen with pharynx fully exposed); 
<location id="8E99DDD28A064C31FD772F0E820B778C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF3A1F8A054C28FE672A7C85167204:8E99DDD28A064C31FD772F0E820B778C" box="[376,586,876,902]" country="Monaco" name="Chaine de l'Eider" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chaine de l’Eider</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A064C31FE592F0E82F8778C" box="[598,697,876,902]" name="Monaco" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Monaco</collectingCountry>
, port; Campagnes de M. Albert 1 
<superScript id="7C3326418A064C31F84D2F09840E7773" attach="left" box="[1090,1103,875,889]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">er</superScript>
de Monaco, 1885–1910, stn 531; 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A064C31FD272FED818A77A0" box="[296,459,911,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1905-09-13">
<collectingDate id="EFBC54218A064C31FD272FED818A77A0" box="[296,459,911,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1905-09-13">13 Sep. 1905</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FDD52FED82E177A0" box="[474,672,911,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 423-531</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FEB12FED82AA77FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820359" collectingDate="1905-09-13" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Monaco" location="Chaine de l'Eider" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 495-1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FEB12FED835377A3" box="[702,786,911,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FF2B2FED833A77A3" box="[804,891,911,937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FFC42FED845077A3" box="[971,1041,911,937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, 82 chaetigers; pharynx not exposed; longest tentacular cirri reach chaetiger 3; anal cirri as long as last 7–8 chaetigers); same collection data as for preceding; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FE312FB482A677FA" box="[574,743,981,1008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 495-1</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCE528748116703A" blockId="10.[189,1398,1046,1182]" box="[234,343,1046,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCE528748116703A" bold="true" box="[234,343,1046,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Epitokes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB2285883207091" blockId="10.[189,1398,1046,1182]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FCB22858831D7091" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820330" collectingDate="1924-08-20" collectingMethod="light trap" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Algeria" latitude="36.766666" location="Algiers" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="3.0666666" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN A83" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Algiers">
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A064C31FCB22858817D705E" box="[189,316,1082,1108]" name="Algeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ALGERIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FD5C285881D2705D" box="[339,403,1082,1111]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FDAB28588263705E" box="[420,546,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FE652858828B705E" box="[618,714,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
wide, 50–79 chaetigers), 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FFFA28588461705E" box="[1013,1056,1082,1108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31F821285884C3705E" box="[1070,1154,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31F8C62858854D705E" box="[1225,1292,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, 78 chaetigers); 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A064C31FD43283F81E4707D" box="[332,421,1117,1143]" country="Algeria" name="Alger" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Algiers</collectingRegion>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A4B922B8A064C31FDBE283C822C7072" box="[433,621,1118,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">entrance to port</locationDeviation>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72EDCE8A064C31FE762839834E7072" box="[633,783,1115,1144]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="00" value="36.766666">36°46′00″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72EDCE8A064C31FF14283983EF7072" box="[795,942,1115,1144]" degrees="03" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="00" value="3.0666666">03°04′00″ E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingMethod id="5207F31E8A064C31FFB4283F84687072" box="[955,1065,1117,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">light trap</collectingMethod>
; 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A064C31F83A283F8499707D" box="[1077,1240,1117,1143]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1924-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EFBC54218A064C31F83A283F8499707D" box="[1077,1240,1117,1143]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1924-08-20">20 Aug. 1924</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31F8EB283C8537707D" box="[1252,1398,1117,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN A83</specimenCode>
(lot also includes 1 smaller ♂ epitoke of another species)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB228A082587186" blockId="10.[189,1399,1217,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FCB228A0824F714F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820328" collectingDate="1897-06-23" collectingMethod="electric light" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Campagnes &amp; M. Albert &amp; de Monaco" country="Morocco" latitude="33.233334" location="Rade de El Yadida" longLatPrecision="1206" longitude="-8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 423-779a" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A064C31FCB228A0811670D6" box="[189,343,1218,1244]" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FD7628A081FE70D6" box="[377,447,1218,1244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(22.0– 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FE1928A382C370D6" box="[534,642,1217,1244]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
long, 3.0 mm wide, 76–78 chaetigers; longest tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 5–7; jaws with 7 accessory denticles); 
<location id="8E99DDD28A064C31FF8B2887842770F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF3A1F8A054C28FE672A7C85167204:8E99DDD28A064C31FF8B2887842770F5" box="[900,1126,1253,1279]" country="Morocco" latitude="33.233334" longLatPrecision="1206" longitude="-8.5" name="Rade de El Yadida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rade de El Yadida</location>
(formerly Mazaghan); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72EDCE8A064C31FCB22965816D7129" box="[189,300,1287,1315]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="33.233334">33°14′ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72EDCE8A064C31FD35296581EF7129" box="[314,430,1287,1315]" degrees="08" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-8.5">08°30′ W</geoCoordinate>
; Campagnes de M. Albert 1 
<superScript id="7C3326418A064C31FF0C296A8351711C" attach="left" box="[771,784,1288,1302]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">er</superScript>
de Monaco, 1885–1910, stn 779; 
<collectingMethod id="5207F31E8A064C31F8BE296A850B7128" box="[1201,1354,1288,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">electric light</collectingMethod>
; 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A064C31F956296A8173714F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1897-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFBC54218A064C31F956296A8173714F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1897-06-23">23 Jun. 1897</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FD30294E824F714F" box="[319,526,1323,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 423-779a</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FE28294982547186" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820326" collectingDate="1897-06-23" collectingMethod="electric light" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Campagnes &amp; M. Albert &amp; de Monaco" country="Morocco" latitude="33.233334" location="Rade de El Yadida" longLatPrecision="1206" longitude="-8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 423-779b" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5">
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FE2829498228714C" box="[551,617,1323,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(16.0– 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FEB429498364714C" box="[699,805,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
long, 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FFAC294983BD714C" box="[931,1020,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
wide, 74–78 chaetigers; longest tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 5–7; jaws with 6–7 accessory denticles); same collection data as for preceding; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FD4F291082547186" box="[320,533,1394,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 423-779b</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB229D183347232" blockId="10.[189,1400,1459,1592]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E81548A064C31FCB229D183307232" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3411820360" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="R. Sourie" country="Senegal" location="Dakar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN 495-1947a" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Dakar">
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A064C31FCB229D1810671C7" box="[189,327,1459,1485]" name="Senegal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SENEGAL</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A064C31FD6429D181F371C4" box="[363,434,1459,1486]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(pre-epitokes, dehydrated, one complete, one anterior fragment; complete one 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FCB229B4815071FB" box="[189,273,1494,1521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FD5329B481E071FB" box="[348,417,1494,1521]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
wide, 83 chaetigers; longest tentacular cirri reach chaetiger 5–6; chaetiger 47 with ventral cirri shorter than ventral ligule; oocytes loose in coelom from chaetiger 2, each about 150 μm in diameter); 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A064C31FD322A7F81C9723D" box="[317,392,1565,1591]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dakar</collectingRegion>
; 1947; 
<collectorName id="26B3EEDF8A064C31FDD12A7F820C723D" box="[478,589,1565,1591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. Sourie</collectorName>
leg.; 
<specimenCode id="DBE023728A064C31FE802A7F83307232" box="[655,881,1565,1592]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN 495-1947a</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CD8828A064C2AFCB22A3C823F76DE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22A3C810F7272" blockId="10.[189,334,1630,1656]" box="[189,334,1630,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0B13C658A064C31FCB22A3C810F7272" bold="true" box="[189,334,1630,1656]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCB22A3C810F7272" bold="true" box="[189,334,1630,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCE52AEF811072AD" blockId="10.[188,1398,1677,1879]" box="[234,337,1677,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A064C31FCE52AEF811072AD" bold="true" box="[234,337,1677,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A064C31FCE52AEF811072AD" box="[234,337,1677,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22AD283A6735D" blockId="10.[188,1398,1677,1879]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
BODY. Complete, bent laterally, medially collapsed by label, anterior end breaking off at chaetiger 7, pharynx fully exposed. Length 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FE302AB182D872E4" box="[575,665,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A064C31FEF82AB1830272E4" box="[759,835,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, 73 chaetigers. Dorsum brownish along body, wider transverse bands along non- natatory region, with a paler longitudinal tapered band finishing on chaetiger 18 (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A064C31FD542B7B81F9733E" box="[347,440,1817,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,1203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-259@11.[189,1398,1200,1903]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, neotype (MNHN 423-311), male epitoke. A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by cover slip. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724319/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Divided into two regions: non-natatory region includes chaetigers 1–18; natatory region with parapodia markedly transformed along chaetigers 19–73.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A064C31FCB22B1C853973B6" blockId="10.[189,1400,1918,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PROSTOMIUM. As long as wide, dorsal groove present. Eyes black, enlarged, fused laterally, subequal, slightly smaller than ⅓ of prostomial width. Antennae tapered, divergent, ⅓ as long as prostomium, as</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22D6B8145754C" blockId="11.[189,1398,265,326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">long as palpophores. Palpophores massive, expanded laterally, as long as wide, palpostyles rounded, small.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22D0C83C675A1" blockId="11.[189,1398,366,427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
TENTACULAR BELT. 2 × as long as first chaetiger, anterior margin not covering posterior eyes (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A074C30F8E42D0C85287582" box="[1259,1385,366,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,1203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-259@11.[189,1398,1200,1903]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, neotype (MNHN 423-311), male epitoke. A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by cover slip. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
). Tentacular cirri corrugated, longest one reaching chaetiger 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22DB081C17639" blockId="11.[189,1398,466,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
PHARYNX. Exposed (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A074C30FDBC2DB0827475E6" box="[435,565,466,492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,1203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-259@11.[189,1398,1200,1903]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, neotype (MNHN 423-311), male epitoke. A. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by cover slip. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
). Paragnath formula: I: 2, small, in tandem; II: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30F87A2DB0849E75E6" box="[1141,1247,466,492]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="24.0">24–26 in</quantity>
2–3 oblique rows; III: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30FD3D2D94812C7605" box="[306,365,501,528]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="38.0">38 in</quantity>
oval group; IV: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30FE212D9482D47605" box="[558,661,501,528]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" metricValueMax="1.0668" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="41.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="40.0">40–42 in</quantity>
oval groups; V: 0; VI: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30FFAC2D9783AC7605" box="[931,1005,501,528]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
diamond; VII–VIII: 54, larger, in 2 irregular rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22E3883E2767F" blockId="11.[189,931,602,629]" box="[189,931,602,629]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PARAPODIA. Not dissected to avoid further damage (see below).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22EFE81E076D3" blockId="11.[188,1398,667,729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">POSTERIOR REGION. Tapered into a blunt cone; pygidium with anus expanded, with 2–3 series of digitate anal cirri (Fig, 3D).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCE52F6282057710" blockId="11.[187,1398,768,864]" box="[234,580,768,794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30FCE52F6281D97710" bold="true" box="[234,408,768,794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male epitokes</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A074C30FDA82F6282427710" box="[423,515,768,794]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectingRegion>
A83)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB42F4182D4776A" blockId="11.[187,1398,768,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
BODY. Complete, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30FD842F4182497734" box="[395,520,803,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A074C30FE5F2F4182F17734" box="[592,688,803,830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
wide, 50–79 chaetigers; specimens slightly damaged, almost colorless, with pharynges fully exposed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22FEA820D7001" blockId="11.[187,1398,904,1035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
PROSTOMIUM. As long as wide, dorsal groove present. Eyes blackish, enlarged, rounded, fused laterally, enlarged, anterior eyes about as large as ⅓ prostomial width (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A074C30FF7D2FC9838E77CF" box="[882,975,939,965]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).Antennae ⅓ as long as prostomium, tapered, longer than palps. Palpophores massive, blunt, subcylindrical, about as wide as long, palpostyles directed ventrally, rounded, small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22851830D707A" blockId="11.[189,1399,1075,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
TENTACULAR BELT. 2× as long as first chaetiger, anterior margin not covering eyes. Tentacular cirri corrugated, longest ones reaching chaetiger 5 (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A074C30FEEF2834837E707A" box="[736,831,1110,1136]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39DB818A074C30FCB22BEA827B73E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5724319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[190,1397,1203,1903]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A074C30FCB22BEA827B73E2" blockId="11.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30FCB22BEA814F73A8" bold="true" box="[189,270,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A074C30FD172BEB82C273A8" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[280,643,1928,1954]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30FD172BEB81A173A8" box="[280,480,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A074C30FDE42BEA82C273A8" author="Grube A. E." box="[491,643,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype (MNHN 423-311), male epitoke. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30F89E2BEA84E773A8" bold="true" box="[1169,1190,1928,1954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region, dorsal view, depressed by cover slip. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30FE9D2BC982E773CF" bold="true" box="[658,678,1963,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Anterior end, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30F80A2BC9845B73CF" bold="true" box="[1029,1050,1963,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. Anterior end, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A074C30FCB22BAC809373E2" bold="true" box="[189,210,1998,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. Posterior region, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C37FCB22D6B85397560" blockId="12.[189,1400,265,362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
PHARYNX. Everted, jaws amber-colored, tips brownish, each with 7–8 teeth (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A004C37F86B2D6B84A87529" box="[1124,1257,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
). Paragnath formula: I: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A004C37FD492D4E8135754C" box="[326,372,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
tandem; II: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A004C37FE062D4E8233754C" box="[521,626,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 in</quantity>
2–3 oblique rows; III: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A004C37FF862D4E8387754C" box="[905,966,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="36.0">36 in</quantity>
oval transverse group; IV: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A004C37F9022D4E8536754C" box="[1293,1399,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="9.652" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="39.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="38.0">38–40 in</quantity>
oval groups; V: 0; VI: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A004C37FDCA2D2D82517563" box="[453,528,335,362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
diamond; VII–VIII: 38–44, not larger than other ones, in 2 irregular rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C37FCB22DF3853275C4" blockId="12.[189,1398,401,463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PATTERN OF PARAPODIAL LIGULES. Anterior chaetigers with ligules blunt, longer than wide in first few chaetigers, soon becoming as long as wide; natatory region with ligules tapered, 3–4× as long as wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C37FCB22D9484597673" blockId="12.[187,1401,501,634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">REGIONS. Body divided into two regions: non-natatory region includes chaetigers 1–19, subdividided into two sections: 1) chaetigers 1–8 with dorsal and ventral cirri basally to medially swollen, 2) chaetigers 9–19 with both dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform; and natatory region with markedly transformed parapodia includes chaetigers 20–79 (to end of the body), plus pygidium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C37FCB22EC3813377DE" blockId="12.[189,1400,672,980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
CHAETIGERS 1–2. With neuraiculae only (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A004C37FEA82EC2834576B1" box="[679,772,672,699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), with both noto- and neuraciculae thereafter. Dorsal cirrus cattail-like, 3× as thick and almost 2× as long as ventral one, basal swollen section 5× as wide and 4–5× as long as distal narrow section. Dorsal ligule digitiform, shorter than neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, truncate, as long as ventral ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, slightly longer than dorsal one. Ventral cirrus with basal swollen section 4× as wide and 2× as long as distal narrow section. Supracicular neurochaetae: 3 homogomph spinigers and 2 heterogomph falcigers with blades 5–6 × as long as wide, spinulose, tendon barely developed; subacicular neurochaetae: 5 homogomph spinigers, with blades long or short, and 3 heterogomph falcigers, one with blade longer than the others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C36FCB22F9E84077586" blockId="12.[188,1401,1019,1116]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1399,265,397]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
CHAETIGERS 9–19 (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A004C37FD922F9981BB701C" box="[413,506,1019,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). With dorsal cirrus cirriform, full of sperm. Dorsal cirrus slightly longer and wider than ventral ones, basal swollen section 3 × as thick and 2.5× as long as distal narrow section. Dorsal and median ligules digitiform, tapered, barely longer than wide, about as long as neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, 1.5 × as long as ventral ligule; ventral ligule blunt, 1.5× as long as wide. Ventral cirrus with basal swollen section 2× as wide and as long as distal narrow section. Notochaetae 4 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae: 2 homogomph spinigers and 2 heterogomph falcigers; subacicular neurochaetae: 6 heterogomph falcigers.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39DB818A004C37FCB02B23810A73E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" targetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A004C37FCB02B23810A73E2" blockId="12.[187,1399,1857,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FCB02B23814D7351" bold="true" box="[191,268,1857,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A004C37FD1D2B2082327356" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[274,627,1857,1884]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FD1D2B2081967351" box="[274,471,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A004C37FDD12B2382327356" author="Grube A. E." box="[478,627,1857,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FD282B06817D7374" bold="true" box="[295,316,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FE992B0782EB7375" bold="true" box="[662,682,1893,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
. Anterior end, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FFFF2B0684447374" bold="true" box="[1008,1029,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FD632BEA81C073A8" bold="true" box="[364,385,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FFC02BEA83A273A8" bold="true" box="[975,995,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37FD6A2BC9813673CF" bold="true" box="[357,375,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A004C37F8812BC984E473CF" bold="true" box="[1166,1189,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
. Posterior region, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22DD682D67701" blockId="13.[188,1399,436,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
ANTERIOR NATATORY PARAPODIA (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FE452DD682E675C4" box="[586,679,436,463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). With large expanded fan lobes basal to dorsal and ventral cirri, and on median and neuracicular ligules (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FEFE2DB5831075FB" box="[753,849,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Dorsal cirrus wider and longer than ventral cirrus, 2.5× as long as rounded dorsal lamellae, with spherical, centrally open expanded areas. Dorsal ligule digitiform, tapered, 5–6× as long as wide, as long as median ligule; median ligule arrowheadshaped, with lamella on ventral side. Neuracicular ligule digitiform; postchaetal lobe transformed into flabelliform lamella, as long as neuracicular ligule; ventral ligule digitate, about 5× as long as wide, as long as neuracicular ligule, with a small dorsal protuberance near base. Ventral cirrus with upper lamella digitiform, 7–8 × as long as wide, lower lamella flabelliform, about 2 × as long as wide. Noto- and neuropodial natatory chaetae sesquigomph, blades fusiform, 8–10 × as long as wide, one margin finely denticulate, tips tapered, usually eroded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22F5084CD706C" blockId="13.[188,1400,818,1126]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
POSTERIOR NATATORY PARAPODIA (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FE432F5082E67746" box="[588,679,818,845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). With slightly reduced modifications; glandular areas better defined in ligules, being smaller than those present in anterior natatory region. Dorsal cirrus slightly longer, as wide as ventral one, 3–4 × as long as digitiform dorsal lamella. Dorsal and median ligules subconical, subequal, tapered; dorsal ligule 1.2× as long as wide; median ligule arrowhead-shaped, with lamella on ventral side. Neuracicular ligule digitiform; postchaetal lobe transformed into flabelliform lamella, as long as neuracicular ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, tapered, about 5–6 × as long as wide, as long as neuracicular ligule. Ventral cirrus slightly longer than upper and lower lamellae; upper lamella digitiform, lower one flabelliform. Noto- and neuropodial natatory chaetae sesquigomph, blades fusiform, 7–9× as long as its widest area, very finely denticulate along one margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB228EF83CC70C0" blockId="13.[189,1398,1165,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
POSTERIOR REGION. Abruptly tapered (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FE7028EF829E70AD" box="[639,735,1165,1191]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1169,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-408@12.[189,1399,1166,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, largest male epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view.B. Anterior end, ventral view.C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 74, right parapodium, posterior view (chaetae omitted). G. Posterior region, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Pygidium expanded into a rosette with several rows of digitiform papillae-like anal cirri, each 2–4 × as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCE5289082157106" blockId="13.[189,1398,1266,1362]" box="[234,596,1266,1292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A014C36FCE5289081E97106" bold="true" box="[234,424,1266,1292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Female epitoke</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A014C36FDB8289082527106" box="[439,531,1266,1292]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectingRegion>
A83)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22977818A7158" blockId="13.[189,1398,1266,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
BODY. Complete, 
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long, 
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wide, 78 chaetigers, slightly damaged, almost colorless, with pharynx fully exposed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22918850F71D0" blockId="13.[189,1401,1402,1498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
PROSTOMIUM. As long as wide, dorsal groove present. Eyes blackish, enlarged, rounded, anterior ones about as large as ⅓ prostomial width (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FE7529FF829971B2" box="[634,728,1437,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Antennae ⅓ as long as prostomium, slightly longer than palps. Palpophores massive, blunt, subconical, slightly wider than long, palpostyles rounded, small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22A6083C5724A" blockId="13.[189,1398,1537,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
TENTACULAR BELT. 2× as long as first chaetiger, anterior margin not covering posterior eyes. Tentacular cirri corrugated, longest ones reaching chaetiger 8 (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36FF172A478336724A" box="[792,887,1573,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22A0484E672CD" blockId="13.[189,1399,1638,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
PHARYNX. Everted, jaws amber-colored, tips brownish, each with 5–6 teeth (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A014C36F86B2A0484A8728B" box="[1124,1257,1638,1665]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
). Paragnath formula: I: 
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tandem; II: 
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two oblique rows; III: 
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oval transverse group; IV: 
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oval oblique groups; V: 0; VI: 
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diamond; VII–VIII: 44, larger, in 2 irregular rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C36FCB22A8C81377344" blockId="13.[189,1398,1774,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PATTERN OF PARAPODIAL LIGULES. Anterior chaetigers with ligules blunt, as long as wide, or slightly longer than wide; median and posterior chaetigers with ligules tapered or digitate, about 2 × as long as wide, or longer.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A014C35FCB22B1481A3754D" blockId="13.[187,1398,1910,2007]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">REGIONS. Body separated into three regions: non-natatory region includes chaetigers 1–25 sub-dividided into two sections: 1) chaetigers 1–5 with dorsal and ventral cirri basally to medially swollen, 2) chaetigers 6–25 with both dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform; natatory region with markedly transformed parapodia includes chaetigers 26–65; and caudal region with slightly transformed parapodia includes chaetigers 66–78 (end of the body).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A024C35FCB22D0C81A47674" blockId="14.[188,1401,365,638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
CHAETIGERS 1–2. With neuraciculae only (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A024C35FEA12D0C834A7582" box="[686,779,365,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); with both noto- and neuraciculae thereafter. Dorsal cirrus thicker, slightly longer than ventral cirrus, basal swollen section 4 × as wide and 3× as long as distal narrow section. Neuracicular ligule subconical, slightly shorter than ventral ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, 1.2× as wide as long. Ventral cirrus with basal swollen section 3× as wide and 2 × as long as distal narrow section. Supracicular neurochaetae: 4 homogomph spinigers and 2 heterogomph falcigers with blades 4–5 × as long as wide, spinulose, tendon barely developed; subacicular neurochaetae: 4 heterogomph spinigers and 6 heterogomph falcigers with blades 6–8× as long as wide, spinulose, tendon barely developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A024C35FCB22EC4855E7799" blockId="14.[189,1401,677,915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
CHAETIGERS 6–25 (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A024C35FDAC2EC781BF76CA" box="[419,510,677,704]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Full of oocytes, with dorsal cirrus slightly longer and wider than ventral cirrus, 2.5× as long as dorsal ligule. Dorsal and median ligules digitiform, slightly longer than wide, slightly longer than median ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, slightly longer than ventral ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, slightly longer than wide. Notochaetae 4 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae: 4 homogomph spinigers and 3 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2–3× as long as wide, spinulose, tendon barely developed; subacicular neurochaetae: 4 heterogomph spinigers and 4 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2–3 × as long as wide, spinulose, tendon barely developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A024C35FCB22FD8853677FD" blockId="14.[189,1399,954,1015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
NATATORY PARAPODIA (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A024C35FDC22FD8826977DF" box="[461,552,954,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
). With large expanded fan lobes on neuracicular ligule and at base of ventral cirri; smaller fans along lower surface of median ligules. Dorsal cirrus barely longer and wider
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39DB818A024C35FCB12B2281D073E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" targetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A024C35FCB12B2281D073E3" blockId="14.[188,1399,1856,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FCB12B2281517351" bold="true" box="[190,272,1856,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A024C35FD132B2082CC7351" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[284,653,1857,1883]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FD132B2081A77351" box="[284,486,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A024C35FDFC2B2382CC7351" author="Grube A. E." box="[499,653,1857,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FD222B0681037374" bold="true" box="[301,322,1892,1918]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FEB32B0682917374" bold="true" box="[700,720,1892,1918]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
. Anterior end, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35F83B2B0684087374" bold="true" box="[1076,1097,1892,1918]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
. Posterior region, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FD0D2BE5815673AB" bold="true" box="[258,279,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FF372BE5830D73AB" bold="true" box="[824,844,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FCB32BC9808F73CF" bold="true" box="[188,206,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A024C35FF2F2BC8837673CE" bold="true" box="[800,823,1962,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22D6B833775FC" blockId="15.[188,1399,265,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">than ventral cirrus, glandular masses absent. Dorsal ligule subconical, 3× as long as wide, glandular areas barely visible; median ligule arrowhead-shaped, with lamella on ventral side. Neuracicular ligule digitiform, 1.2× as long as postchaetal lobe; postchaetal lobe transformed into flabelliform lamella, ventrally bilobated; ventral ligule digitiform, basally swollen, 3–4 × as long as wide. Ventral cirrus with upper lamella digitiform, 4× as long as wide, lower lamella flabelliform, about 2–3× as long as wide. Noto- and neuropodial natatory chaetae sesquigomph, blades fusiform, 7–9 × as long as wide, one margin very finely denticulate, tips tapered, usually eroded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22E7C83E8777E" blockId="15.[187,1401,541,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
CAUDAL REGION (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FD822E7C81AB7632" box="[397,490,541,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
). With reduced parapodial transformation; with a small fan lobe over superior surface of neuracicular ligules and glandular areas better developed in parapodial ligules, tubular glands homogeneous, slightly rugose, projected along parapodial ligules and forming a mass basal to dorsal cirri. Dorsal cirrus slightly shorter and wider than ventral cirrus, slightly longer than dorsal ligule. Dorsal ligule digitiform, 2–3 × as long as wide; median ligule subconical, blunt, slightly longer than dorsal ligule, 1.2× as long as neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, about 4× as wide as long; postchaetal lobe transformed into rounded lamella, 0.3× as long as neuracicular ligule; ventral ligule digitate, 4× as long as wide, 1.5 × as long as ventral cirrus. Ventral cirrus with upper and lower lamellae digitiform, 2× as long as wide. Noto- and neuropodial natatory chaetae sesquigomph; blades fusiform, 7–9× as long as wide, very finely denticulate along one margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22FFE816177D3" blockId="15.[189,1399,924,985]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
POSTERIOR END. Tapered (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FDF22FFE821E77BD" box="[509,607,924,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1076,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-351@14.[189,1399,1073,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, female epitoke (MNHN A83), after Shirlastain-A staining. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, ventral view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. D. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. G. Chaetiger 73, right parapodium, anterior view (chaetae omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724325/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Pygidium conical, blunt, without rosette of papillae, anal cirri missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB2286384F67011" blockId="15.[189,1207,1024,1051]" box="[189,1207,1024,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OOCYTES. Round, granulose, with yolk droplets, each oocyte about 160μm in diameter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCE5282081017056" blockId="15.[188,1400,1090,1292]" box="[234,320,1090,1116]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A034C34FCE5282081017056" bold="true" box="[234,320,1090,1116]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atokes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB2280782057106" blockId="15.[188,1400,1090,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
BODY. Largest specimen (
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A034C34FDF6280782147075" box="[505,597,1125,1151]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectingRegion>
423-531), without posterior region, 
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long, 3.0 mm wide, 57 chaetigers. Another long specimen (
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A034C34FE8F28EA829D70A8" box="[640,732,1160,1186]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectingRegion>
495-1) complete, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FFA128EA83BE70A9" box="[942,1023,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34F84928EA84C870A9" box="[1094,1161,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, 82 chaetigers. Body subcylindrical; dorsum brownish, with a paler middorsal blood vessel, integument darker along anterior chaetigers with some darker oblique lines (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FF3128AD83E370E0" box="[830,930,1231,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), sometimes blackish (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34F8B228AD856070E0" box="[1213,1313,1231,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
); other specimens paler. Parapodia paler.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22951817071D1" blockId="15.[189,1400,1331,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
PROSTOMIUM. 2 × as long as wide, dorsal groove present. Eyes blackish, of similar size, anterior eyes oval, directed anterolaterally, about ⅛ of prostomial width, slightly more separated than posterior eyes (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FCC929188165719F" box="[198,292,1402,1429]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Antennae half as long as prostomium, without gap between them, tips reaching palpostyle tips. Palpophores almost 2× as long as wide; palpostyles slightly longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34F88229FF84A671B2" box="[1165,1255,1437,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) or rounded (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FCCA29A2816571D1" box="[197,292,1472,1499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22A6082377268" blockId="15.[189,1399,1537,1635]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
TENTACULAR BELT. 1.5 × as long as first chaetiger; anterior margin straight, not covering posterior eyes. Tentacular cirri smooth to regularly contracted (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34FEF62A478317724A" box="[761,854,1573,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), partially dehydrated, without tips (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A034C34F9062A478528724A" box="[1289,1385,1573,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
), longest ones reaching chaetigers 3–4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22AE88251733B" blockId="15.[188,1401,1673,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
PHARYNX. Not everted, observed by previous dissections. Jaws with 6 denticles (
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34F8692AEB84D272A9" box="[1126,1171,1673,1700]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
smallest specimen, 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A034C34FCB32ACF815772CD" box="[188,278,1709,1735]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectingRegion>
423-531). Paragnath formula: I: 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FEA92ACF829472CD" box="[678,725,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
tandem; II: 21–22 (
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FFC72ACE847272CD" box="[968,1075,1708,1735]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="24.0">24–26 in</quantity>
smallest specimen) in 2–3 rows; III: 40 (
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FD6A2AB281E272E0" box="[357,419,1744,1770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.112" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="28.0">28 in</quantity>
smallest specimen) in oval group; IV: 35–36 (
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FFC42AB2847472E0" box="[971,1077,1744,1770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.984999999999999" metricValueMax="7.112" metricValueMin="6.858" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="27.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="27.0">27–28 in</quantity>
smallest specimen) in oval groups; V: 0; VI: 5 (
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A034C34FDB82A9181A67307" box="[439,487,1779,1805]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
smallest specimen) in diamond; VII–VIII: 2–3 rows of 66 large paragnaths (same in smallest specimen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A034C34FCB22B3A817D73D1" blockId="15.[188,1399,1880,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PATTERN OF PARAPODIAL LIGULES.Anterior and median chaetigers with ligules blunt, about 2 × as long as wide, becoming blunt subconical to digitiform, about 2.5 × as long as wide medially, posterior chaetigers with ligules subconical, blunt; ventral ligules progressively longer than neuracicular ligule in posterior chaetigers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1C4C2BFCB22D6B818F75FC" blockId="16.[188,1399,265,502]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
CHAETIGERS 1–2. With neuraciculae only (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1C4C2BFEA12D6B834A752E" box="[686,779,265,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
); with both noto- and neuraciculae thereafter. Dorsal cirrus slightly longer, as wide as ventral cirrus, 2× as long as parapodial ligules. Dorsal ligule digitiform, 2 × as long as neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, longer than wide; ventral ligule digitiform, 1.2× as long as neuracicular ligule. Supracicular neurochaetae: 7 homogomph spinigers and 4 heterogomph falcigers with blades 5–6 × as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved; subacicular neurochaetae: 7 heterogomph spinigers and 10 heterogomph falcigers with blades 6–7 × as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1C4C2BFCB22E7482477740" blockId="16.[189,1399,534,842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
MEDIAN PARAPODIA (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1C4C2BFDBC2E748254763B" box="[435,533,534,561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIG. 6D</figureCitation>
). With dorsal cirrus longer than dorsal ligule, slightly longer than ventral cirrus. Dorsal and median ligules subequal, as long as wide, as long as neuracicular ligule, subconical to rounded, glandular areas unpigmented, extended along ligular bases. Neuracicular ligule subconical, as long as wide, subequal to ventral ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, 1.3× as long as ventral cirrus. Notochaetae 12 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae: 6 homogomph spinigers and 3 heterogomph falcigers with blades 3 × as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon barely visible, in smaller specimen distinct (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1C4C2BFE202E8B82C9770E" box="[559,648,745,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
); subacicular neurochaetae: 6 heterogomph spinigers, blades decreasing in size ventrally, and 6 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2–3 × as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1C4C2AFCB22F0883077563" blockId="16.[188,1399,873,1076]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
POSTERIOR CHAETIGERS (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1C4C2BFDD42F0B8275778E" box="[475,564,873,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). With dorsal and ventral cirri 6–8× as long as wide, dorsal cirrus longer than dorsal ligule. Dorsal and median ligules subconical, blunt, slightly longer than wide, 1.2 × as long as neuracicular ligule; glandular areas unpigmented, extended along ligular bases. Neuracicular ligule subconical, blunt, as long as ventral ligule; ventral ligule digitiform, slightly longer than wide, 1.2× as long as ventral cirrus. Notochaetae: 6 homogomph spinigers and 1 homogomph falciger with blade 4× as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon visible. Supracicular neurochaetae: 7 homogomph spinigers and 3 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2× as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon visible; subacicular neurochaetae: 5 homogomph spinigers and 3 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2× as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39DB818A1C4C2BFCB12B7C83DC73E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" targetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1C4C2BFCB12B7C83DC73E2" blockId="16.[187,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFCB12B7C814A7332" bold="true" box="[190,267,1822,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1C4C2BFD1E2B7D82317332" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[273,624,1822,1848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFD1E2B7D81947332" box="[273,469,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1C4C2BFDD42B7C82317332" author="Grube A. E." box="[475,624,1822,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, non-type, atokous specimens. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFFD22B7C84537332" bold="true" box="[989,1042,1822,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A–F</emphasis>
. MNHN 423-531. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BF8FE2B7C85477332" bold="true" box="[1265,1286,1822,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFDB72B23818D7351" bold="true" box="[440,460,1857,1883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Anterior end, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFF282B23837D7351" bold="true" box="[807,828,1857,1883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFCB22B0780937375" bold="true" box="[189,210,1893,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFF2F2B0783757375" bold="true" box="[800,820,1893,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFCB22BEA808E73A8" bold="true" box="[189,207,1928,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BF8702BE584FD73AB" bold="true" box="[1151,1212,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G–H</emphasis>
. MNHN 495-1. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFCB22BC9809573CF" bold="true" box="[189,212,1963,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
. Anterior region, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFE3B2BC9820A73CF" bold="true" box="[564,587,1963,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
. Posterior region, left lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1C4C2BFFEC2BC983AF73CF" bold="true" box="[995,1006,1963,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C2AFCB22DEB8563767C" blockId="17.[187,1399,393,631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
SUBTERMINAL CHAETIGERS (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1D4C2AFDF12DEB823475AE" box="[510,629,393,420]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6F, H</figureCitation>
). With dorsal cirrus 2–4 × as long as dorsal ligule, about 2× as long as ventral cirrus. Dorsal and median ligules digitiform, of similar size, 2 × as long as wide, 2× as long as neuracicular ligule. Neuracicular ligule subconical, slightly longer than wide, almost blunt; ventral ligule digitiform, 2× as long as wide, 2× as long as neuracicular ligule. Notochaetae 7 homogomph spinigers (blades mostly lost), falcigers absent. Supracicular neurochaetae: 4 homogomph spinigers and 2 heterogomph falcigers (blades lost); subacicular neurochaetae: 2 heterogomph spinigers and 7 heterogomph falcigers with blades 2× as long as wide, spinulose, tip incurved, tendon visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C2AFCB22EF4823F76DE" blockId="17.[189,1398,662,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
POSTERIOR REGION. Tapered into a blunt cone (
<figureCitation id="137D978C8A1D4C2AFED12EF4837C76BB" box="[734,829,662,689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,1118,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-422@16.[189,1398,1115,1799]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Nereis splendida Grube, 1840, non-type, atokous specimens. A–F. MNHN 423-531. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. D. Chaetiger 15, right parapodium, anterior view. E. Chaetiger 30, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Chaetiger 55, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: homogomph falciger tip). G–H. MNHN 495-1. G. Anterior region, dorsal view. H. Posterior region, left lateral view. I. Another specimen (MNHN 423- 531), chaetiger 30, right parapodium, homogomph falciger tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5724329/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). Pygidium with anus terminal, anal cirri as long as last 7–8 chaetigers (
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A1D4C2AFDC92ED8826376DE" box="[454,546,698,724]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN</collectingRegion>
495-1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CD8828A1D4C28FCB22E9982A27170" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C2AFCB22E99816E771F" blockId="17.[189,303,763,789]" box="[189,303,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0B13C658A1D4C2AFCB22E99816E771F" bold="true" box="[189,303,763,789]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCB22E99816E771F" bold="true" box="[189,303,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C2AFCB22F4B843E7104" blockId="17.[189,1400,809,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFCB22F4B81D3774E" author="Fauvel P." box="[189,402,809,836]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref41937" refString="Fauvel P. 1916. Annelides polychetes pelagiques provenant des Campagnes de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert 1 er, Prince souverain de Monaco 48: 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48837" type="journal article" year="1916">Fauvel (1916: 81)</bibRefCitation>
used the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE412F4882EA7749" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[590,683,809,835]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE412F4882EA7749" box="[590,683,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for some Mediterranean nereidids and he included as junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFD6E2F2F8181776D" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[353,448,845,871]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFD6E2F2F8181776D" box="[353,448,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
two species described from Naples by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFFAD2F2F84347762" author="Claparede E." box="[930,1141,845,872]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="313 - 584" refId="ref40813" refString="Claparede E. 1868. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 19: 313 - 584. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50163 # page / 375 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1868">Claparède (1868)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF88B2F2F8537776D" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" box="[1156,1398,845,871]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parallelogramma">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF88B2F2F8537776D" box="[1156,1398,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. parallelogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCFD2F1381F07780" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" box="[242,433,880,906]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="perivisceralis">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCFD2F1381F07780" box="[242,433,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N perivisceralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; he also included 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE992F1383FF7780" authority="Ehlers, 1908" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1908" box="[662,958,880,906]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lucipeta">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE992F13835A7780" box="[662,795,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. lucipeta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFF2A2F1283FF7780" author="Ehlers E." box="[805,958,880,906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref41575" refString="Ehlers E. 1908. Die bodensassigen Anneliden aus den Sammlungen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer 'Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 16: 1 - 168. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2129178 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1908">Ehlers, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AF8022F1284EB7780" box="[1037,1194,880,906]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. In a subsequent publication, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFD5E2FF1826777A7" author="Fauvel P." box="[337,550,915,941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref41937" refString="Fauvel P. 1916. Annelides polychetes pelagiques provenant des Campagnes de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert 1 er, Prince souverain de Monaco 48: 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48837" type="journal article" year="1916">Fauvel (1916: 81)</bibRefCitation>
added 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE702FF683F177A7" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[639,944,915,941]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE702FF6835577A7" box="[639,788,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFF132FF183F177A7" author="Grube A. E." box="[796,944,915,941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym, another Mediterranean species, as well as a record by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFE232FD4834877DB" author="Ehlers E." box="[556,777,950,977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="397 - 598" refId="ref41639" refString="Ehlers E. 1913. Die Polychaeten-Sammlungen der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innern, herausgegeben von Erich von Drygalski, Leiter der Expedition 13 (Zoologie 5): 397 - 598. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2139283 [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1913">Ehlers (1913: 496)</bibRefCitation>
for the 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A1D4C2AFF672FD483E577DA" box="[872,932,950,976]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cape</collectingRegion>
Peninsula, 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AF8212FD4848977DA" box="[1070,1224,950,976]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. By expanding this synonymy, Fauvel’s conclusions generated the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFF132FB8833777F9" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[796,886,985,1011]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFF132FB8833777F9" box="[796,886,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,” which he would define later (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFCCA2F9F81D9701D" author="Fauvel P." box="[197,408,1021,1047]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42042" refString="Fauvel P. 1923. Polychetes errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">Fauvel 1923: 337</bibRefCitation>
). The list of synonyms includes, after Fauvel, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFFB72F9F8530701D" authority="Claparede, 1868" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" box="[952,1393,1021,1047]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parallelogramma">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFFB72F9F84E6701D" box="[952,1191,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. parallelogramma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AF8A02F9F8530701D" author="Claparede E." box="[1199,1393,1021,1047]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="313 - 584" refId="ref40813" refString="Claparede E. 1868. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 19: 313 - 584. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50163 # page / 375 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1868">Claparède, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCB22843820D7030" authority="Claparede, 1868" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,588,1056,1082]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="perivisceralis">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCB2284381C17030" box="[189,384,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. perivisceralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFD862842820D7030" author="Claparede E." box="[393,588,1056,1082]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="313 - 584" refId="ref40813" refString="Claparede E. 1868. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 19: 313 - 584. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50163 # page / 375 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1868">Claparède, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE54284383997030" authority="Rathke, 1843" authorityName="Rathke" authorityYear="1843" box="[603,984,1056,1082]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Lycoris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulsatoria">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE54284383727030" box="[603,819,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lycoris pulsatoria</emphasis>
Rathke, 1843
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF81B284385777030" authority="Ehlers, 1908" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1908" box="[1044,1334,1056,1082]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lucipeta">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF81B284384D67030" box="[1044,1175,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. lucipeta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AF891284285777030" author="Ehlers E." box="[1182,1334,1056,1082]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref41575" refString="Ehlers E. 1908. Die bodensassigen Anneliden aus den Sammlungen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer 'Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 16: 1 - 168. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2129178 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1908">Ehlers, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This group contains species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFDFF2826827D7057" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[496,572,1092,1117]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFDFF2826827D7057" box="[496,572,1092,1117]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with pharyngeal area V without paragnaths and areas VII–VIII with a single row or 2–3 rows of paragnaths, anterior parapodia with two blunt notopodial ligules, notopodial homogomph falcigers in posterior chaetigers, with blades sinulose, sometimes with a distal ligament or tendon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFD1228CF81F470CD" author="Fauvel P." box="[285,437,1197,1223]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42042" refString="Fauvel P. 1923. Polychetes errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">Fauvel 1923</bibRefCitation>
). Two other species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFEA228CF837670CD" box="[685,823,1197,1223]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="callaona">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFEA228CF837670CD" box="[685,823,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. callaona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFF7E28CF848370CD" authority="Augener, 1918" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1918" box="[881,1218,1197,1223]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="victoriana">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFF7E28CF844C70CC" box="[881,1037,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. victoriana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AF81D28CF848370CD" author="Augener H." box="[1042,1218,1197,1223]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40125" refString="Augener H. 1918. Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Meeresfauna West-Afrikas. Z. L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg." type="book" year="1918">Augener, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, were regarded as similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFD5B28B381EE70E0" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[340,431,1232,1258]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFD5B28B381EE70E0" box="[340,431,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFDD428B283B670E0" author="Salazar-Vallejo S. I. &amp; Jimenez-Cueto M. S." box="[475,1015,1232,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="361 - 377" refId="ref45509" refString="Salazar-Vallejo S. I. &amp; Jimenez-Cueto M. S. 1997. Nereididos (Polychaeta) del Caribe mexicano con una clave para las especies del Gran Caribe. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44 / 45: 361 - 377." type="journal article" year="1997">Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Jiménez-Cueto (1997: 374)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AF83A28B2854870E0" author="Reish D. J." box="[1077,1289,1232,1259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref45089" refString="Reish D. J. 1954. Nomenclatural changes and redescription of two nereids (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Eastern Pacific. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 53: 99 - 106. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 106883 # page / 267 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1954">Reish (1954: 104)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCB2289681387107" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[189,377,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonereis">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCB2289681387107" box="[189,377,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. pseudonereis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFDBD2896829C7107" authority="Kinberg, 1866" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1866" box="[434,733,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFDBD2896826C7107" box="[434,557,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFE3B2891829C7107" author="Kinberg J. G. H." box="[564,733,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref43908" refString="Kinberg J. G. H. 1866. Annulata nova (Continuatio): Nereidum dispositio nova. Ofversigt av Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 167 - 179. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 100715 # page / 181 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1866">Kinberg, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFFFF289684387107" box="[1008,1145,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="callaona">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFFFF289684387107" box="[1008,1145,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. callaona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C2AFCB2295681FC7331" blockId="17.[188,1401,1332,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
This progression of synonymies based on generally similar specimens of different species, without paying attention to some features of the pharynx, was incorrect, especially because 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF895293B84B77178" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1178,1270,1368,1394]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF895293B84B77178" box="[1178,1270,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCED291E81C8719F" box="[226,393,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCED291E813C719F" authorityName="Rathke" authorityYear="1843" box="[226,381,1403,1429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Lycoris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulsatoria">L. pulsatoria</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
from the Black Sea, which does not match these features. Furthermore, some aspects of the taxonomic history of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE1F29FC834071B2" authorityName="sensu Khlebovich" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[528,769,1438,1464]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Hediste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE1F29FC834071B2" box="[528,769,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hediste diversicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deserve mention, as it is also complex and not fully resolved. For example, there are no 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1D4C2AFE7929A082E871D6" box="[630,681,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
specimens and there was no indication of the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1D4C2AF8D029A0855371D6" box="[1247,1298,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
locality. Furthermore, specimens identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFE882987837F71F4" authorityName="sensu Khlebovich" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[647,830,1508,1534]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Hediste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE882987837F71F4" box="[647,830,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. diversicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Baltic Sea, which could be the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1D4C2AF94B2987853671F5" box="[1348,1399,1509,1535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
locality, include at least two different species, and this has complicated resolving what we should regard as this biological species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFDF92A4982F8724F" author="Oug E. &amp; Bakken T. &amp; Kongsrud J. A." box="[502,697,1579,1605]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="217 - 236" refId="ref44615" refString="Oug E., Bakken T. &amp; Kongsrud J. A. 2014. Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O. F. Muller and M. Sars. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 217 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2014.71.17" type="journal article" year="2014">
Oug 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFE3A2A4E8228724F" box="[565,617,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Some names are available for the regional forms, in case there is more than one, taking into account that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFEF62A2C84657262" author="Malmgren A. J." box="[761,1060,1614,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref44120" refString="Malmgren A. J. 1867. Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Frenckelliana, Helsingsforsiae [Helsinki]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13358" type="book" year="1867">Malmgren (1867: 48–49)</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF8AF2A2C84BB7262" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[1184,1274,1614,1640]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Hediste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF8AF2A2C84BB7262" box="[1184,1274,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hediste</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCB12A10812F7281" authorityName="sensu Khlebovich" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[190,366,1649,1675]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Hediste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCB12A10812F7281" box="[190,366,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. diversicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, listing 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFDC12A1082907281" authority="Rathke, 1843" authorityName="Rathke" authorityYear="1843" box="[462,721,1649,1675]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sarsi">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFDC12A10826B7281" box="[462,554,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. sarsi</emphasis>
Rathke, 1843
</taxonomicName>
, described from Molde, 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AFFFD2A1084137286" box="[1010,1106,1650,1676]" name="Norway" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Norway</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF89E2A10813572A5" authority="Frey &amp; Leuckart, 1847" authorityName="Frey &amp; Leuckart" authorityYear="1847" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF89E2A10855B7281" box="[1169,1306,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. depressa</emphasis>
Frey &amp; Leuckart, 1847
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AFE4E2AF682FF72A4" box="[577,702,1684,1710]" name="Germany" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AFEC22AF7837A72A5" box="[717,827,1685,1711]" name="Germany" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Germany</collectingCountry>
, as junior synonyms. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AF84A2AF6856672A5" author="Ehlers E." box="[1093,1319,1684,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="269 - 748" refId="ref41422" refString="Ehlers E. 1868. Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt 2: 269 - 748. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1985162 # page / 321 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1868">Ehlers (1868: 554)</bibRefCitation>
added 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFCB22ADB826972D8" authority="Johnston, 1840" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,552,1720,1746]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevimanus">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFCB22ADB812872D8" box="[189,361,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. brevimanus</emphasis>
Johnston, 1840
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F351CB998A1D4C2AFEFE2ADA830672D8" box="[753,839,1720,1746]" name="Ireland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, to the list of synonyms. Black Sea population haplotypes differ from those present in nearby areas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFF2B2AB9847272FC" author="Vasileiadou K. &amp; Pavloudi C. &amp; Sarropoulou E. &amp; Fragopoulou N. &amp; Kotoulas G. &amp; Arvanitidis C." box="[804,1075,1755,1782]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="7 - 15" refId="ref46183" refString="Vasileiadou K., Pavloudi C., Sarropoulou E., Fragopoulou N., Kotoulas G. &amp; Arvanitidis C. 2016. Unique COI haplotypes in Hediste diversicolor populations in lagoons adjoining the Ionian Sea. Aquatic Biology 25: 7 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / ab 00654" type="journal article" year="2016">
Vasileiadou 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFFBC2ABE83A772FF" box="[947,998,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); if this difference promotes regarding Black Sea specimens as belonging to a different species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFFC32A9D85667312" authority="de Quatrefages, 1866" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[972,1319,1790,1816]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFFC32A9D84677312" box="[972,1062,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
de Quatrefages, 1866
</taxonomicName>
would be available for them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1D4C29FCB22B0183FC75FC" blockId="17.[187,1398,1891,2023]" lastBlockId="18.[187,1399,265,502]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
It has been indicated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFDFA2B0682FA7377" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[501,699,1891,1917]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFDFA2B0682FA7377" box="[501,699,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be used as a senior synonym for 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AF8A62B0685477377" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1193,1286,1891,1917]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AF8A62B0685477377" box="[1193,1286,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Salazar- Vallejo 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFD192BE5810673AA" box="[278,327,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2017), because it was preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1D4C2AFF092BE584EF73AB" authority="de Blainville, 1825" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[774,1198,1926,1953]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1D4C2AFF092BE5838873AA" box="[774,969,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
de Blainville, 1825
</taxonomicName>
. Because this is a junior homonym, its name should be replaced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1D4C2AFED12BCB832973C9" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[734,872,1961,1987]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, arts 52.2, 57.2), and the next available name should be used instead. However, contrary to previous conclusions, there is an alterative for retaining 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FCB22D6881AE7529" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,495,265,291]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FCB22D6881137529" box="[189,338,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD552D6B81AE7529" author="Grube A. E." box="[346,495,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and this refers to the fact that the two species involved do not belong in the same genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD5D2D4E819D754C" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[338,476,300,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 59.2). 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FE532D4F8444754D" authority="de Blainville, 1825" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[604,1029,300,327]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FE532D4F835E754C" box="[604,799,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
de Blainville, 1825
</taxonomicName>
refers to a nephtyid polychaete, which would be a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FE672D2D83E27563" authority="Savigny" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1818" box="[616,931,335,361]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nephtyidae" genus="Nephtys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hombergi">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FE672D2D837A7563" box="[616,827,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nephtys hombergi</emphasis>
Savigny
</taxonomicName>
in Lamarck, 1818 according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F91F2D2D82607587" author="Audouin J. V. &amp; Milne-Edwards H." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="195 - 269" refId="ref39782" refString="Audouin J. V. &amp; Milne-Edwards H. 1833. Classification des annelides, et description de celles qui habitent les cotes de la France. Quatrieme famille: Nereidiens. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Paris 29: 195 - 269. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 29342 # page / 199 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1833">Audouin &amp; Milne-Edwards (1833: 257)</bibRefCitation>
and de 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FE712D1083EF7587" author="Quatrefages A. de" box="[638,942,370,397]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref44812" refString="Quatrefages A. de. 1866 a. Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'Eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. Vol. 1. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 214290 # page / 7 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]." type="url" year="1866">Quatrefages (1866a: 434)</bibRefCitation>
. Consequently, “the junior name is not to be rejected, even if one species-group name was originally proposed in the current genus of the other” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FCCB2DDB810E75D9" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[196,335,441,467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 59.2). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FDDA2DDB82A375DE" author="Alos C. &amp; Laborda J. &amp; Nunez J. &amp; Parapar J. &amp; Besteiro C. &amp; Moreira J. &amp; San Martin G. &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga M. A." box="[469,738,441,468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="495 - 521" refId="ref39702" refString="Alos C., Laborda J., Nunez J., Parapar J., Besteiro C., Moreira J., San Martin G. &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. 2004. Apendice 1. Nomenclatura: lista de sinonimos y combinaciones. Fauna Iberica 25: 495 - 521." type="journal article" year="2004">
Alós 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FE192DD8820875D9" box="[534,585,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2004: 513)
</bibRefCitation>
did not indicate their reasons for retaining 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29F8ED2DD8811375FC" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29F8ED2DD8853675D9" box="[1250,1399,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FCB22DBE811375FC" author="Grube A. E." box="[189,338,476,502]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but the above article provides the explanation for it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB22E7C826C76A8" blockId="18.[188,1399,542,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Some additional details must be understood. First, the composition of the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29F8172E7C840A7632" box="[1048,1099,542,568]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F8B12E7C80B27656" author="Augener H." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref40125" refString="Augener H. 1918. Polychaeta. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Meeresfauna West-Afrikas. Z. L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg." type="book" year="1918">Augener (1918: 186)</bibRefCitation>
noted that what was then regarded as the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FF0B2E2383767651" box="[772,823,577,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FFDC2E20854F7651" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[979,1294,577,603]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FFDC2E20842A7651" box="[979,1131,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F8782E23854F7651" author="Grube A. E." box="[1143,1294,577,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
actually contained 
<specimenCount id="9D4040808A1E4C29FD362E0681BB7674" box="[313,506,612,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
, two of them belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FF482E0684D57675" authority="Kinberg, 1865" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1865" box="[839,1172,612,639]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Ceratonereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FF482E06839E7674" box="[839,991,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ceratonereis</emphasis>
Kinberg, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, and the originally described specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FDC42EEA826776AB" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[459,550,647,673]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FDC42EEA826776AB" box="[459,550,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB22EAB830E7765" blockId="18.[188,1399,713,880]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Second, the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FD412EAB81C076E9" box="[334,385,713,739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material is lost. Birger Neuhaus (ZMB, 
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A1E4C29FF522EAB83F776E9" box="[861,950,713,739]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019 in</quantity>
email) indicated “We had unspecified 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FCB22E8E80B1770C" box="[189,240,748,774]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FD732E8F8201770C" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[380,576,748,774]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FD732E8F8201770C" box="[380,576,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, catalogue number ZMB ‘Vermes’ 5160; the material was lost at some time. I checked our loan records and found that Augener received this lot on loan to 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A1E4C29F8A12F6D855D7723" box="[1198,1308,783,809]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
around 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A1E4C29FCB12F5081787746" box="[190,313,818,844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1914-02-19">19.II.1914</date>
from my predecessor Anton Collin, and returned the specimens on 
<date id="FFF8ADC98A1E4C29F8472F5084A27746" box="[1096,1251,818,844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1921-08-11">11.VIII.1921</date>
. He does not seem to have had the specimens on loan a second time.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB22FF5838570AD" blockId="18.[189,1399,919,1192]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The next available name is 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FE1C2FFA831177BB" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[531,848,919,945]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FE1C2FFA82EA77BB" box="[531,683,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FEB92FF5831177BB" author="Grube A. E." box="[694,848,919,945]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This name could be used for Mediterranean records of what has been regarded as 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FE702FD9829B77DE" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[639,730,954,980]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FE702FD9829B77DE" box="[639,730,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As indicated above, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FFD32FD9847977DE" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[988,1080,954,980]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FFD32FD9847977DE" box="[988,1080,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be available for the Black Sea populations currently regarded as 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FECA2FBF83F277FD" authorityName="sensu Khlebovich" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[709,947,989,1015]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Hediste" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diversicolor">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FECA2FBF83F277FD" box="[709,947,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hediste diversicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, once significant differences are found and its independent specific status is confirmed. However, Claparède left no type material because he emphasized that (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD85284682307034" author="Claparede E." box="[394,625,1060,1086]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="337 - 361" refId="ref40668" refString="Claparede E. 1867. De la structure des annelides: Note comprenant un examen critique des travaux les plus recents sur cette classe de vers. Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles, nouvelle periode 30: 5 - 44. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 92897 # page / 9 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021]. [Translated into English: On the structure of the Annelida, including a critical examination of the most recent works on this class of worms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 20: 337 - 361. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 53344 # page / 351 / mode / 1 up [accessed 16 Sep. 2021].]" type="journal article" year="1867">Claparède 1867: 12</bibRefCitation>
[
<quantity id="4CBE26EC8A1E4C29FE702846828D7034" box="[639,716,1060,1086]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6614" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="341.0">341 in</quantity>
translation]) “the Annelida can only be well studied at the seaside and by means of living individuals.” Because there is no type material, and especially because the species-group name is in conflict, the designation of a 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FF7428098399708F" box="[891,984,1131,1157]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is necessary to define the nominal taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD0228EF81D970AD" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[269,408,1165,1191]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.1). These are the qualifying conditions:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB228AD81BC7107" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- a 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FCE028AD810D70E3" box="[239,332,1231,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FD7B28B2829570E3" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[372,724,1231,1257]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FD7B28B2827870E3" box="[372,569,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nereis splendida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FE4E28AD829570E3" author="Grube A. E." box="[577,724,1231,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is proposed to clarify the taxonomic status of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FCEA289081317106" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[229,368,1266,1292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB2297481E6717C" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- the above description, the key below, and the publication by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FFB6297784EE713A" author="Gravina M. F. &amp; Lezzi M. &amp; Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A." box="[953,1199,1301,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="147 - 164" refId="ref42449" refString="Gravina M. F., Lezzi M., Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A. 2015. The genus Nereis L., 1758 (Polychaeta, Nereididae); state of the art for identification of Mediterranean species. Atti della Societa toscana di Scienze naturali, Memorie, serie B 122: 147 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">
Gravina 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29F82C297484167125" box="[1059,1111,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2015
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29F8EE2974852C7125" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1249,1389,1301,1327]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29F8EE2974852C7125" box="[1249,1389,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nereis falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) characterize the species and its differences from similar species in the area or from elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F93F295A815B717C" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB2291D822071B7" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- the description above matches the original description and the labeling ensures the recognition of the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FCD229C0817B71B6" box="[221,314,1442,1468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD4629C0819571B6" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[329,468,1442,1468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB229A4845471EA" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" box="[189,1045,1477,1504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- as indicated above, the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FDE229A4826171EA" box="[493,544,1478,1504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material was lost (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FEF229A783C671D5" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[765,903,1477,1503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.4)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB2298B8171729A" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FD0B298B81207209" box="[260,353,1513,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is a mature male specimen with some modifications for swimming and swarming. Despite the modifications of cephalic appendages and parapodia, the pharynx armature is not modified (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F92A2A69815A7243" author="Fauvel P." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref41937" refString="Fauvel P. 1916. Annelides polychetes pelagiques provenant des Campagnes de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert 1 er, Prince souverain de Monaco 48: 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48837" type="journal article" year="1916">Fauvel 1916</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FD252A4D82387240" author="Pamungkas J. &amp; Glasby C. J." box="[298,633,1583,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref44687" refString="Pamungkas J. &amp; Glasby C. J. 2015. Taxonomy of reproductive Nereididae (Annelida) in multispecies swarms at Ambon Island, Indonesia. ZooKeys 520: 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 520.9581" type="journal article" year="2015">Pamungkas &amp; Glasby 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FEFC2A4D83117243" box="[755,848,1583,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
matches the original description. Because no other topotype specimen was available, this different life stage is code compliant (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29F8BA2A3085037266" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[1205,1346,1618,1644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB22AFB83AF72F0" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FD0B2AFB812072B9" box="[260,353,1689,1715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was collected in Naples harbor, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FF052AFA838572B8" author="Grube A. E." box="[778,964,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref42509" refString="Grube A. E. 1840. Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10133" type="book" year="1840">Grube (1840: 2)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that most of his specimens, if no locality was given, as is the case for 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1E4C29FEC82ADE831A72DF" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[711,859,1723,1749]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1E4C29FEC82ADE831A72DF" box="[711,859,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were collected in the Gulf of Naples, and the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FCD22ABD817B72F3" box="[221,314,1759,1785]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was collected from the same area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FED92ABD832072F3" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[726,865,1759,1785]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.6)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C29FCB22B6082AD734A" blockId="18.[189,1399,1231,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1E4C29FD052B6081267316" box="[266,359,1794,1820]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
has been deposited in the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, a recognized scientific institution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1E4C29FDDB2B47821E7335" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[468,607,1829,1855]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref43831" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 75.3.7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1E4C28FCB22B0583277563" blockId="18.[189,1399,1894,1991]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,265,361]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Most specimens that have been preserved for about 100 years risk having the blades of compound falcigers detach, and this is why additional specimens must be studied to reveal the specific morphology of the homogomph falcigers in median or posterior chaetigers. It seems that the blades in median chaetigers have tips better defined and more acute than those present along more posterior chaetigers. Observations of the inner margin denticulation are also difficult because it can be eroded, and we think this feature is also better defined along median chaetigers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1F4C28FCB22DF385327792" blockId="19.[187,1399,401,920]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FCC52DF0811A75A1" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[202,347,401,427]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FCC52DF0811A75A1" box="[202,347,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nereis falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FDFA2DF0830875A6" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[501,841,401,428]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FDFA2DF082C075A1" box="[501,641,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. pelagica</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="54FD35AB8A1F4C28FF852DF383FC75A1" box="[906,957,401,427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28F8D92DF3816975C5" author="Fauvel P." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42042" refString="Fauvel P. 1923. Polychetes errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">Fauvel 1923: 335–336</bibRefCitation>
), in pharyngeal ornamentation and parapodial development; their main differences are in the size and dentition of the homogomph falciger blades. In “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FF782DBA839575FB" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[887,980,471,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FF782DBA839575FB" box="[887,980,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” the blades of falcigers are longer (3× as long as wide), the distal tooth is incurved and they have denticulate cutting edges, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FCB22E7C81027632" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[189,323,542,568]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FCB22E7C81027632" box="[189,323,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. pelagica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the blades are shorter (2.0–2.5 × as long as wide), without a distal tooth and the cutting edges are smooth to barely rugose. On the other hand, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FEE22E2384567651" author="Gravina M. F. &amp; Lezzi M. &amp; Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A." box="[749,1047,577,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="147 - 164" refId="ref42449" refString="Gravina M. F., Lezzi M., Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A. 2015. The genus Nereis L., 1758 (Polychaeta, Nereididae); state of the art for identification of Mediterranean species. Atti della Societa toscana di Scienze naturali, Memorie, serie B 122: 147 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">
Gravina 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FF5C2E2083C77651" box="[851,902,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (2015: 162
</bibRefCitation>
, key) indicated that “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28F9002E2085287651" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1295,1385,577,603]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28F9002E2085287651" box="[1295,1385,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is more similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FD9C2E0782C87674" authority="Ehlers, 1864" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[403,649,612,638]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rava">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FD9C2E0781AD7674" box="[403,492,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. rava</emphasis>
Ehlers, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, because both have similar parapodial development in posterior chaetigers, without expanded dorsal ligules, and because the homogomph falciger blades are denticulate. These two species differ because of some fine details in the blades of homogomph falcigers. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28F9182EC9852E76CE" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[1303,1391,683,708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rava">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28F9182EC9852E76CE" box="[1303,1391,683,708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. rava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these blades are medially expanded, and there is a thicker distal tooth, without a ligament, whereas in “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FCC52E9081667701" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[202,295,753,779]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FCC52E9081667701" box="[202,295,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” the blades are tapered, and the distal tooth is incurved, with a ligament or tendon. Another relevant difference is that in 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FE1A2F77822E7724" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[533,623,789,814]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rava">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FE1A2F77822E7724" box="[533,623,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. rava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a single transverse row of paragnaths in areas VII–VIII, whereas there are 2–3 rows in “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FE3B2F5A82CE775B" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[564,655,823,849]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FE3B2F5A82CE775B" box="[564,655,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. In the latter species, most accounts indicate that there can be 3 or 4–5 paragnaths in area VI in the same population (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FF4A2F38839D777F" author="Fauvel P." box="[837,988,858,885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref42042" refString="Fauvel P. 1923. Polychetes errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1923">Fauvel 1923</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FFE72F38848E777F" author="Gravina M. F. &amp; Lezzi M. &amp; Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A." box="[1000,1231,858,885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="147 - 164" refId="ref42449" refString="Gravina M. F., Lezzi M., Bonifazi A. &amp; Giangrande A. 2015. The genus Nereis L., 1758 (Polychaeta, Nereididae); state of the art for identification of Mediterranean species. Atti della Societa toscana di Scienze naturali, Memorie, serie B 122: 147 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">
Gravina 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28F8412F3984C3777E" box="[1102,1154,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), and it would be interesting to evaluate whether these differences are linked with some other morphological features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1F4C28FCB22FA28527706C" blockId="19.[188,1400,959,1126]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
It must be emphasized that according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FE9B2FA2831377D0" author="Hartman O." box="[660,850,959,986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 628" refId="ref43433" refString="Hartman O. 1959. Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the World. Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Papers 23: 1 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FF522FA283A577D3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[861,996,959,985]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FF522FA283A577D3" box="[861,996,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. pelagica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 18 junior synonyms (and some subspecies) described from the Atlantic; the 
<collectingRegion id="498245EB8A1F4C28FF1A2F8083F477F6" box="[789,949,994,1020]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Northwestern</collectingRegion>
Pacific records (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28F8722F80856477F6" author="Imajima M." box="[1149,1317,994,1020]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="37 - 153" refId="ref43870" refString="Imajima M. 1972. Review of the annelid worms of the family Nereididae of Japan, with descriptions of five new species or subspecies. Bulletin of the National Science Museum 15: 37 - 153." type="journal article" year="1972">Imajima 1972</bibRefCitation>
) differ from the Northeastern Atlantic forms, as illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FF5F286784A7702A" author="Chambers S. &amp; Garwood P." box="[848,1254,1029,1056]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref40573" refString="Chambers S. &amp; Garwood P. 1992. Polychaetes from Scottish Waters: A Guide to Identification 3. Family Nereidae. National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh." type="book" year="1992">Chambers &amp; Garwood (1992: 38)</bibRefCitation>
, in cephalic appendages, as well as parapodial and chaetal features, including in epitokes. Some of the junior synonyms have also been confused with “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FEA6282F8345706C" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[681,772,1100,1126]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FEA6282F8345706C" box="[681,772,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” due to the pigmented glandular parapodial ligules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1F4C28FCB228EF82A27170" blockId="19.[188,1400,1165,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
As indicated below, 
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FDBC28EC821D70AD" box="[435,604,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FDBC28EC820870AD" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[435,585,1165,1191]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">N. splendida</taxonomicName>
r
</emphasis>
esembles “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FED228EC837B70AD" authorityName="&quot; de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="de Quatrefages" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[733,826,1165,1191]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FED228EC837B70AD" box="[733,826,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. falsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” recorded for the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28F8DA28EF819870C1" author="Linero-Arana I. &amp; Reyes-Vasquez G." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 12" refId="ref44084" refString="Linero-Arana I. &amp; Reyes-Vasquez G. 1979. Nereidae (Polychaeta, Errantia) del Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico, Universidad de Oriente 18: 3 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Liñero-Arana &amp; Reyes-Vásquez 1979</bibRefCitation>
) in having anterior chaetigers with digitate notopodial ligules, ventral ligules longer than neuracicular ligules in median and posterior chaetigers, and pharyngeal areas VII–VIII with 2–3 transverse rows of paragnaths. Their main differences are in prostomial shape and pharyngeal paragnath numbers in area II. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C46F08A8A1F4C28FE3B29798286713E" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[564,711,1306,1332]" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FE3B29798286713E" box="[564,711,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the anterior prostomial lobe is 2× as long as wide, and area II has about 22 paragnaths, whereas in the Caribbean specimens the anterior prostomial lobe is wider than long, and area II has about 30 paragnaths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CD8828A1F4C28FCB229C085167204" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1F4C28FCB229C0811771B6" blockId="19.[189,342,1442,1468]" box="[189,342,1442,1468]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0B13C658A1F4C28FCB229C0811771B6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1442,1468]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B932571B8A1F4C28FCB229C0811771B6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1442,1468]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF98B098A1F4C28FCB229B285167204" blockId="19.[189,1398,1488,1550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Mediterranean Sea and adjacent localities in the Northeastern Atlantic, in shallow water. The record by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7F6F88A1F4C28FCB2299682007204" author="Rullier F. &amp; Amoureux L." box="[189,577,1524,1550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="109 - 142" refId="ref45368" refString="Rullier F. &amp; Amoureux L. 1969. Nouvelle contribution a l'etude de la faune des annelides polychetes du Maroc. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles du Maroc 49: 109 - 142." type="journal article" year="1969">Rullier &amp; Amoureux (1969: 120)</bibRefCitation>
cannot be confirmed because their specimens could not be located.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>