296 lines
36 KiB
XML
296 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="82C8A083074CB831DEFC37BDD8403291" ID-CLB-Dataset="45362" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab4aa4f6-720d-4a2f-826a-5ee1c62c3598" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206085" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460445185920" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tahseen, Qudsia & Mustaqim, Malka" docDate="2012" docId="039C265D03630448FF32FD9761A6FB99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03205p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3205" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plectus aquatilis Andrassy 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFA55E2503660440FFA5FFAA607CFF89" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of six known species of Plectus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda, Plectida, Plectidae) from India with a discussion on the taxonomy of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698333294568" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="312F3935365F4C4518DD27B97840EF89">
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<mods:title id="0C92BC3252CDBA9B4D27BCAA1E8DB9F2">Descriptions of six known species of Plectus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda, Plectida, Plectidae) from India with a discussion on the taxonomy of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD896A802D5D38190DEF003D18135D44">Tahseen, Qudsia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="633EE27EF89FDE82F6B13784617A2366">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="952F3640FAFFDD2276F4D3AAD7896922">Mustaqim, Malka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EEF9A9994770C578B85155C5BF289EB4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8DDF66B03506CB8E12C76696713ED8FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5D8445D003C2CACCFC7BA868494E8BB9">
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<mods:date id="1844C1D0A0EBD351B0B7EA01D7AEA60A">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE13DB7A297F4CD981FB0F27B1C433F1">2012-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="40FA942D3E15694D209BD30F9094E884">3205</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="94AF43C3E62984F2B9CD162B831CD408" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C265D03630448FF32FD9761A6FB99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4901869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4901869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C265D03630448FF32FD9761A6FB99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C265D03630448FF32FD9761A6FB99" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C32FC4C003630445FF32FD97616DFDFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF32FD976258FDDE" blockId="5.[151,548,573,631]" box="[151,548,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0C2202703630445FF32FD976258FDDE" bold="true" box="[151,548,573,599]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803630445FF32FD976258FDDE" authority="Andrassy, 1985" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,548,573,599]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF32FD976258FDDE" bold="true" box="[151,548,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF32FD976122FDDE" bold="true" box="[151,350,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plectus aquatilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA03630445FEC0FD976258FDDE" author="Andrassy" box="[357,548,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Andrassy, I. (1985) The genus Plectus Bastian, 1865 and its nearest relatives (Nematoda: Plectidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 31, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1985">Andrássy, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF32FDF5616DFDFE" blockId="5.[151,548,573,631]" box="[151,273,607,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E8BCE03630445FF3AFDF56092FDFE" box="[159,238,607,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,201,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plectus aquatilis Andrássy, 1985. A: Female, entire. B: Anterior end. C: Pharyngeal region. D: Female reproductive system. E: Caudal region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206088/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E8BCE03630445FF5FFDF56175FDFE" box="[250,265,607,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plectus aquatilis Andrássy, 1985. A: En face view. B – F: Anterior end. G: Body region showing corpus-isthmus. H: Body region showing posterior pharynx. I: Vulval region (lateral). J, K: Vulval region (ventral). L: Caudal region. M – O: Anal region. P: Tail terminus (Scale bar = 5 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32FC4C003630445FF32FD0960ADF947" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF32FD0961D7FD33" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" box="[151,427,674,699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF32FD096131FD32" bold="true" box="[151,333,675,699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Measurements.</emphasis>
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Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60FD6C653DFA97" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60FD6C61D6FD56" bold="true" box="[197,426,710,735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Description.
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FEC4FD6C61D6FD56" bold="true" box="[353,426,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Adult:</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Body straight, slightly arcuate to ‘C’-shaped upon fixation, regularly tapering towards extremities, more towards posterior end. Cuticle 1.5–2.0 µm thick; outer cuticle smooth, inner cuticle finely striated. Lateral fields with two closely-placed cuticular alae. Hypodermis lacking glands. Somatic setae very sparse and small, 2–3 pairs of cervical setae observed in few specimens. Lip region continuous with adjoining body. Lips triangular with attenuated, cuticularised inner margins surrounding the oral aperture; inner labial sensilla inconspicuous, outer labials papilliform, often indistinct in SEM due to shrunk lips. Cephalic sensilla setose, 3–4 µm long, anteriorly directed. Amphidial fovea round with prominent, cuticularised
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FBB6FC34649BFC3F" box="[1043,1255,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ductus amphidialis</emphasis>
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, located middle or anterior to middle of stoma. Stoma cylindrical; cheilostom slightly arched with anterior refractive pieces, gymnostom thickly cuticularised, wide, cylindrical; stegostom slightly narrower, differentiated into anterior wider and posterior narrower region tapering at base. Pharynx comprising of anterior cylindrical corpus, a relatively undifferentiated isthmus and an ovoid, relatively weak basal bulb of 26–
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<date id="FF8BB18B03630445FCD3FB8463EDFBCF" box="[886,913,1070,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1935-10-17" valueMax="1935-10-25" valueMin="1935-10-17">35</date>
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x 17–25 µm dimension with a
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803630445FB52FB856515FBCF" box="[1271,1385,1071,1094]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parietinus">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FB52FB856515FBCF" box="[1271,1385,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">parietinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like grinder having 8–10 pairs of denticulate ridges. Post-bulbar extension about 12–15 µm long. Cardia obscured by post-bulbar prolongation. Nerve ring encircling pharynx at
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FCEAFBD26316FB06" box="[847,874,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ca</emphasis>
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47–51% of its length. Secretory-excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring, at
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FDB1FB366253FB3A" box="[532,559,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ca</emphasis>
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54–56% of pharyngeal length. Secretory-excretory duct cuticularised forming one and a half loop before finally connecting with renette cell. Intestine granular with wide lumen. One pair of pseudocoelomocytes present in the anterior region of intestine measuring less than corresponding body diameter in length. Rectum
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FEECFAA26118FA96" box="[329,356,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ca</emphasis>
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0.7–0.9 anal body diameter long with exceptionally wide lumen and three rectal glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60FA8060AAF9EB" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60FA806159FACA" bold="true" box="[197,293,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Female:</emphasis>
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Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic compactly built; ovaries reflexed antidromously with developing oocytes. Anterior ovary on right and posterior on left side of intestine. Spermatheca absent. Uterus with smooth-shelled intra-uterine eggs of 46–
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<date id="FF8BB18B03630445FDC5FAD86200FA03" box="[608,636,1394,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1949-10-28">49</date>
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x 28–34 µm dimension. Vulva nearly equatorial representing an ovoid transverse slit; vulval lips protruded; anterior vulval lip with advulval papilla. Vagina 30–35% of the corresponding body diameter; with weak epiptygmata; two pairs of sphincter muscles appearing as elliptical pieces in cross section. Vulva-anus distance 264–491 µm. Tail cylindrical, slightly arcuate, regularly tapering to a bluntly rounded terminus. Caudal setae five including a lateroventral pair and a lateral pair pointing downward. Terminal seta 18– 25 µm anterior to tail terminus. Three linearly arranged caudal glands opening to exterior through 2 µm long spinneret.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60F9C461F6F90F" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" box="[197,394,1646,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60F9C46175F90E" bold="true" box="[197,265,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male:</emphasis>
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Not found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60F93860ADF947" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60F93861B9F922" bold="true" box="[197,453,1682,1707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
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A sample containing
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803630445FD63F93E633BF922" box="[710,839,1683,1707]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FD63F93E633BF922" box="[710,839,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected from a pool at Nainital, Uttaranchal,
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<collectingCountry id="F322D7DB03630445FF32F91C60ADF947" box="[151,209,1718,1742]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32FC4C003630445FF60F97164C4F867" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60F9716411F8B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60F97161CEF97A" bold="true" box="[197,434,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Voucher specimens.</emphasis>
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Eight females on slide
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803630445FD64F9766384F97B" authority="Andrassy, 1985" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1985" box="[705,1016,1754,1779]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FD64F976633CF97A" box="[705,832,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA03630445FCECF9706384F97B" author="Andrassy" box="[841,1016,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Andrassy, I. (1985) The genus Plectus Bastian, 1865 and its nearest relatives (Nematoda: Plectidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 31, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1985">Andrássy, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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NU/ 1–5 deposited in the Nematode Collection, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh,
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<collectingCountry id="F322D7DB03630445FB66F954657CF89F" box="[1219,1280,1790,1814]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
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. One female deposited at USDANC, Beltsville, MD,
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<collectingCountry id="F322D7DB03630445FDFFF88862EAF8B3" box="[602,662,1826,1850]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
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. [Two females were used for SEM study].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03630445FF60F8EC64C4F867" blockId="5.[151,1436,674,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FF60F8EC61D8F8D6" bold="true" box="[197,420,1862,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Salient characters.</emphasis>
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A medium- to large-sized species with lip region continuous to adjoining body; lips with attenuated and cuticularised inner ends; cephalic setae forwardly directed making an acute angle with main body axis; amphidial fovea small, circular, at middle or anterior to middle level of stoma; secretory-excretory duct conspicuous with turns, pharyngeal bulb weak with
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803630445FD6DF81E6345F842" box="[712,825,1972,1995]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parietinus">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903630445FD6DF81E6345F842" box="[712,825,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">parietinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like grinder, vagina with weak epiptygmata and two pairs of sphincter muscles; rectum with conspicuously dilated lumen and tail spinneret simple.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4AC7C303600446FF32F8D661B5F838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[172,1411,201,1876]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03600446FF32F8D661B5F838" blockId="6.[151,1436,1916,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903600446FF32F8D6616FF81B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1916,1939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803600446FEBFF8D76212F81A" authority="Andrassy, 1985" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1985" box="[282,622,1917,1939]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903600446FEBFF8D761BAF81A" bold="true" box="[282,454,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Plectus aquatilis</emphasis>
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Andrássy, 1985
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</taxonomicName>
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. A: Female, entire. B: Anterior end. C: Pharyngeal region. D: Female reproductive system. E: Caudal region.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF4AC7C303610447FF32F82D62F5F852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1905]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B8A974B03610447FF32F82D62F5F852" blockId="7.[151,1437,1927,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903610447FF32F82D616FF814" bold="true" box="[151,275,1927,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC803610447FEBEF82D620DF817" authority="Andrassy, 1985" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1985" box="[283,625,1927,1950]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903610447FEBEF82D61B4F814" bold="true" box="[283,456,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plectus aquatilis</emphasis>
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Andrássy, 1985
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</taxonomicName>
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. A:
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<emphasis id="B9414B5903610447FD39F8236295F817" box="[668,745,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">En face</emphasis>
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view. B–F: Anterior end. G: Body region showing corpus-isthmus. H: Body region showing posterior pharynx. I: Vulval region (lateral). J, K: Vulval region (ventral). L: Caudal region. M–O: Anal region. P: Tail terminus (Scale bar = 5 µm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C32FC4C0036E0448FF60FF3261A6FB99" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8A974B036E0448FF60FF3261A6FB99" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FF60FF326145FF39" bold="true" box="[197,313,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FEE6FF3361BFFF39" box="[323,451,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FEE6FF3361BFFF39" box="[323,451,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a relatively common species that has been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FBE8FF3D657FFF26" author="Andrassy" box="[1101,1283,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (1990) Szabadon elo fonalfergek (Nematoda) a magyar faunaban. Allattani Kozlemenyek, 76, 17 - 38." type="journal article" year="1990">Andrássy, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FAB7FF3D6531FF26" author="Andrassy" box="[1298,1357,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (1992) A short census of free-living nematodes. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 15, 187 - 188." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FAF9FF3D65EBFF26" author="Andrassy" box="[1372,1431,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (1997) Nematologiai kutatasok a Balatonon. Allattani Kozlemenyek, 81, 169 - 175." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FF32FF1660AFFF5D" author="Andrassy" box="[151,211,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (2002) Free-living nematodes from the Ferto-Hansag National Park, Hungary. In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Fauna of the Ferto-Hansag National Park. Budapest, pp 21 - 97." type="book chapter" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FF78FF16616BFF5D" author="Andrassy" box="[221,279,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) The free-living nematode fauna of Hungary (Nematoda- Errantia), I. In: Csuzdi, Cs. & Mahunka, S. (Eds.) Pedozoologia Hungarica, 3. Budapest, 518 p." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) primarily from aquatic habitats and occasionally from moist soil. The species has been widely reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FF3BFF75612CFF7E" author="Andrassy" box="[158,336,223,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) The free-living nematode fauna of Hungary (Nematoda- Errantia), I. In: Csuzdi, Cs. & Mahunka, S. (Eds.) Pedozoologia Hungarica, 3. Budapest, 518 p." type="book" year="2005">Andrassy, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from all the continents except
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322D7DB036E0448FD10FF756356FF7E" box="[693,810,223,247]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and due to adaptive qualities, it has even been reported from the Driefontein Mine at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FDC4FEAE62CCFE95" box="[609,688,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="0.9">0.9 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FD1AFEAE63C8FE95" author="Borgonie" box="[703,948,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Borgonie, G., Garcia-Moyano, A., Litthauer, D., Bert, W., Bester, A., van Heerden, E., Moller, C., Erasmus, M. & Onstott, T. C. (2011) " Nematoda from the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa ". Nature, 474 (7349), 79 - 82. Doi: 10.1038 / nature 09974." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Borgonie
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FC94FEAF631FFE95" box="[817,867,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present population, the first report of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322D7DB036E0448FEFDFE8D61E8FEB6" box="[344,404,295,319]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, shows conformity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FD35FE836373FEC9" box="[656,783,296,320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD35FE836373FEC9" box="[656,783,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in most morphological and morphometric characteristics. However, some minor differences were observed. The present specimens are relatively smaller in size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FAB1FEE665E0FEED" box="[1300,1436,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FF32FEDB60D2FE01" box="[151,174,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FF10FEC56141FE0E" box="[181,317,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with a smaller stoma (20–22 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD1AFEDB62AAFE01" box="[703,726,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
24–26 µm). The males could not be found in the present population as also stated in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FD1FFE3E6313FE25" author="Andrassy" box="[698,879,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Andrassy, I. (1985) The genus Plectus Bastian, 1865 and its nearest relatives (Nematoda: Plectidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 31, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1985">Andrássy, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), however, males have been described and illustrated later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FEBAFE1D61E9FE46" author="Zell" box="[287,405,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zell, H. (1993) Die Gattung Plectus Bastian, 1865 sensu lato (Nematoda: Plectidae) - Ein Beitrag zur Okologie, Biogeographie, Phylogenie und Taxonomie der Plectidae. Andrias, 11, 3 - 171." type="journal article" year="1993">Zell, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with three conspicuous supplements.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FCEFFE1363B4FE59" box="[842,968,440,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FCEFFE1363B4FE59" box="[842,968,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FB79FE136539FE59" box="[1244,1349,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. i n d i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
Khera, 1972, among the species placed under the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FDD9FE7662A2FE7D" box="[636,734,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FDD9FE7662A2FE7D" box="[636,734,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ group by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FCFFFE7663A7FE7D" author="Zell" box="[858,987,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zell, H. (1993) Die Gattung Plectus Bastian, 1865 sensu lato (Nematoda: Plectidae) - Ein Beitrag zur Okologie, Biogeographie, Phylogenie und Taxonomie der Plectidae. Andrias, 11, 3 - 171." type="journal article" year="1993">Zell (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in most morphometric and morphological characteristics. However, one major difference observed between the two is the absence of supplements in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FF5BFD8F6117FDB5" box="[254,363,548,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FF5BFD8F6117FDB5" box="[254,363,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some other differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FD66FD8F634CFDB5" box="[707,816,548,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD66FD8F634CFDB5" box="[707,816,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely observed in the present population (comprised of females only), are the thickly cuticularised and curved cheilostomal walls; gymnostom with parallel walls; vulva a relatively shorter ovoid slit and considerably dilated rectum [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FCFBFDC76309FD0D" box="[862,885,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
cheilostomal walls moderately cuticularised and straight; gymnostom with arched walls; vulval slit large, narrow and rectum not dilated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FB11FD3B609DFD45" authority="Zell (1993)" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1993" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="indicus" subSpecies="apud">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FB11FD3B6519FD21" box="[1204,1381,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. indicus apud</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FACAFD25609DFD45" author="Zell" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zell, H. (1993) Die Gattung Plectus Bastian, 1865 sensu lato (Nematoda: Plectidae) - Ein Beitrag zur Okologie, Biogeographie, Phylogenie und Taxonomie der Plectidae. Andrias, 11, 3 - 171." type="journal article" year="1993">Zell (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FEB9FD1E62F2FD45" box="[284,654,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zullini, A., Loof, P. A. A. & Bongers, T. (2002). Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 3. Araeolaimida. Nematology, 4, 709 - 724." type="journal article">Zullini, Loof & Bongers (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The present population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FC76FD1F642FFD45" box="[979,1107,692,716]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FC76FD1F642FFD45" box="[979,1107,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FB48FD1F6501FD45" box="[1261,1405,693,716]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FB48FD1F6501FD45" box="[1261,1405,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having relatively larger body (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FE4BFD7D62E8FD66" box="[494,660,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="12.3" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.965" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="0.7">0.70–1.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD39FD7362CFFD79" box="[668,691,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FD19FD7D6318FD66" box="[700,868,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.585" valueMax="0.74" valueMin="0.43">0.43–0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
); greater ‘c’ value (7.7–9.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FB04FD7364C4FD79" box="[1185,1208,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
4.2–6.4); forwardly directed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FEA0FD576160FC9D" box="[261,284,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
anteriorly directed) cephalic setae; relatively larger stoma (20–22 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FBF2FD576412FC9D" box="[1111,1134,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
14.5–21.0 µm); weak (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FA21FD5765E7FC9D" box="[1412,1435,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
strong) basal bulb; relatively longer tail (73–160 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD41FC8B6287FCB1" box="[740,763,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
50–87 µm); dilated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FC4DFC8B6383FCB1" box="[1000,1023,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
normal) lumen of rectum and farther placed terminal seta from tail terminus [18–25 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FD75FCEF629BFCD5" box="[720,743,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
8–15 µm in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FCD3FCEF643EFCD5" box="[886,1090,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. c o m m u n i s apud</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FBECFCEE64B1FCD5" author="Zell" box="[1097,1229,836,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zell, H. (1993) Die Gattung Plectus Bastian, 1865 sensu lato (Nematoda: Plectidae) - Ein Beitrag zur Okologie, Biogeographie, Phylogenie und Taxonomie der Plectidae. Andrias, 11, 3 - 171." type="journal article" year="1993">Zell (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The present population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FEA9FCC361F7FC09" box="[268,395,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FEA9FCC361F7FC09" box="[268,395,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FDD2FCC363D1FCF6" authority="Kuzmin, 1979" authorityName="Kuzmin" authorityYear="1979" box="[631,941,871,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="magadani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FDD2FCC36378FC09" box="[631,772,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. magadani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FCA9FCCD63D1FCF6" author="Kuzmin" box="[780,941,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kuzmin, L. L. (1979) Opisanie samtha i novogo podvida Plectus acuminatus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda, Plectidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 68, 433 - 435. Moskau." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Kuzmin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FCD0FCCD63D1FCF6" box="[885,941,871,895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02666" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="1979.0">1979</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having relatively larger body (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FA8FFCCD60BFFC2D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.65" metricValueMax="12.3" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.965" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="0.7">0.70–1.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FF6EFC27609EFC2D" box="[203,226,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD3AAE036E0448FF4EFC2661E8FC2D" box="[235,404,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.66" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.51">0.51–0.81 mm</quantity>
|
||
); wider (11–14 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FDDDFC2762F3FC2D" box="[632,655,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
8.5–10.5 µm) and continuous (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FC5CFC27646CFC2D" box="[1017,1040,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
offset) lip region; relatively larger stoma (20–22 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FEC7FC1B6105FC41" box="[354,377,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
15–21.5 µm); weak (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FDCEFC1B62FEFC41" box="[619,642,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
strong) basal bulb; dilated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FC1EFC1B63AEFC41" box="[955,978,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
normal) lumen of rectum; relatively longer tail (73–160 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FEDBFC7F61E9FC65" box="[382,405,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
54–92 µm) and farther placed terminal seta from tail terminus (18–25 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FB7AFC7F648AFC65" box="[1247,1270,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
8–14 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35ECC8036E0448FA22FC7F61B7FB86" authority="Zell (1993)" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1993" class="Adenophorea" family="Plectidae" genus="Plectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="magadani" subSpecies="apud">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9414B59036E0448FA22FC7F613AFB99" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. magadani apud</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4EABA036E0448FEE8FC5D61B7FB86" author="Zell" box="[333,459,1015,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Zell, H. (1993) Die Gattung Plectus Bastian, 1865 sensu lato (Nematoda: Plectidae) - Ein Beitrag zur Okologie, Biogeographie, Phylogenie und Taxonomie der Plectidae. Andrias, 11, 3 - 171." type="journal article" year="1993">Zell (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |