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<document id="56584A48685ABA378D604599DD5DCAE8" ID-CLB-Dataset="140877" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.561.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f55d37f-fe39-45da-a34c-f275de055215" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7069870" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1662963710334" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. &amp; Zappi, Daniela C." docDate="2022" docId="894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.561.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 561 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Rudgea bolivarensis Steyermark 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="7572FFF18359F04CC5350221FFEC133A" masterDocTitle="The Rudgea hostmanniana complex (Rubiaceae) in the Guiana Shield region" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="219" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1699378102426" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="EFE97C09F01FF610D8C103E4E3FE2190" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="58361B2D22E89A8889A928FA1A2C5147">
<mods:title id="EF81837B1E3CE57F1571B1D7A35AA5D1">The Rudgea hostmanniana complex (Rubiaceae) in the Guiana Shield region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F9E22C13C27E6FD2AD1EF6BE16A221E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5E121509F7DEC254836CAFD4B2D945E2">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA981413D4FAD7958F0EBC3F0462F9A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B1A27852263CD1159B9C4B5E1AD560E8">Lachenaud, Olivier</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1206A6A8E55591C8A5C0852F410740B0" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8972-4096</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="92326119085A8321B182B41346192368">Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium &amp; Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, C. P. 265, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; olivier. lachenaud @ meisebotanicgarden. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8972 - 4096</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="48096527B060850D83E73F65CA7B98F5" type="email">olivier.lachenaud@meisebotanicgarden.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="B38D727F4F507F648B737241C158FC1F">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A19246585107B84236C0D6A8824CBE63">Bruniera, Carla P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB072D80D2802AE94173641849F08950" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2832-9540</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E5539C83FB20592A59341C8B1F820AF7">Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09913 - 030, Diadema, SP, Brazil &amp; cpbruniera @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2832 - 9540</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C27357902F658F2A7891DAA2D7F1531" type="email">cpbruniera@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="12925DB82BC591B1F83D6B084308AF3D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FDD65E4DAC01497BEEB61B084E7DF765">
<mods:roleTerm id="23087EB19544FBFB9DAD6820C34649A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F7334B4830BBD7617B1A17B33C7E601E">Zappi, Daniela C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="97FB12934C6956AC4484D4FC726D3146" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6755-2238</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="01126525BC47B4100A18B3C1A50A074E">Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 04457, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910 - 970, Brazil &amp; Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coord. Botânica, Av. Perimetral 1901, 66077 - 830, Belém, PA, Brazil &amp; danielazappi 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6755 - 2238</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="68F20DAFE29FD94641170BCCF1F0AB19" type="email">danielazappi14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="48AEFB69D8092C2BE41F034B8CFF567A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:date id="46463DC78CEF55B92ED1FC4413253AF9">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="86F52EA7E2E00BAA57C5A68611E17207">2022-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="00495AD793F04F95710E1E779D7DE30B">561</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C2580FAAE29AD9CAAE3EE5CB5AA01AD0">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3960F03B1A3D9840CA2A35A811184509">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3D8AEC5E2C90F51821E85FF00FEB614C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A03BA62FC5C7CA83393BE38D064853A" type="CLB-Dataset">140877</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="139DA1F72976673226E05FFC3A156454" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.561.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7074924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200121867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7074924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">
<subSubSection id="49F86514835EF04BC5BD0587FCD914FA" box="[136,821,1958,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="015D369F835EF04BC5BD0587FCD914FA" blockId="7.[136,821,1958,1985]" box="[136,821,1958,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">
<heading id="5A1581F3835EF04BC5BD0587FCD914FA" box="[136,821,1958,1985]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" reason="4">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D835EF04BC5BD0587FF7114FA" bold="true" box="[136,157,1958,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C835EF04BC5910587FD4814FB" ID-CoL="4TMDV" authority="Steyermark (1967: 415)" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityPageNumber="415" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,676,1958,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D835EF04BC5910587FE6214FB" bold="true" box="[164,398,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">Rudgea bolivarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65734B6E835EF04BC4A00587FD4814FB" author="Steyermark, J. A." box="[405,676,1958,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" pagination="230 - 436" refId="ref21823" refString="Steyermark, J. A. (1967) Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B.,, Fidalgo, O. &amp; Fidalgo, M. E. P. K. (eds.) The Botany of the Guayana Highland-Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436." type="journal article" year="1967">Steyermark (1967: 415)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<figureCitation id="99D92A1A835EF04BC79A0587FCEB14FA" box="[687,775,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,215,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-23@2.[179,1408,187,1929]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Stipules in the Rudgea hostmanniana complex.A, R. bolivarensis; B, R. coussareoides; C, R. cornigera; D, R. hostmanniana subsp. hostmanniana; E, R. maypurensis; F, R. tanaosepala. A from Mutchnick 1620 (K), B from Diaz et al. 7727A (K), C from Schulz 7539 (U), D from Lachenaud 1011 (BR), E from Williams 12972 (K), F from Clarke &amp; Hoffman 584 (U). Drawing by O. Lachenaud." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7069872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7069872/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="99D92A1A835EF04BC6270587FCD914FA" box="[786,821,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1436,1458]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,207,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1412]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Calyx and corolla in the Rudgea hostmanniana complex.A, R. bolivarensis, calyx; B, R.coussareoides, calyx; C, R. cornigera, flower bud; D, R. hostmanniana subsp. hostmanniana, flower bud; E, R. maypurensis, flower bud; F, R. tanaosepala, flower bud. A from Henkel 5675 (U), B from Liesner 24924 (K), C from Procter 4769 (U), D from Lachenaud 981 (BR), E from Plowman 13733 (K), F from Clarke &amp; Hoffman 584 (U). Drawing by O. Lachenaud." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7069874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7069874/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">2A</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F86514835EF04BC5BD05D3FA401B11" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="015D369F835EF04BC5BD05D3FA401B11" blockId="7.[136,1452,2034,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D835EF04BC5BD05D3FF2E1B3D" bold="true" box="[136,194,2034,2055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC2835EF04BC5EE05D3FB931B16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993368" collectingDate="1944-10-02" collectionCode="VEN" collectorName="J. A. Steyermark" country="Venezuela" elevation="1035" location="Rio Kukenan" municipality="Gran Sabana" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="VEN15991" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F835EF04BC5EE05D3FE801B3D" box="[219,364,2034,2055]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. State of
<collectingRegion id="C326F87D835EF04BC4F905D3FDF91B32" box="[460,533,2034,2056]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E139ACE5835EF04BC71705D3FD4E1B32" box="[546,674,2034,2056]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">Gran Sabana</collectingMunicipality>
, along wooded portion of quebrada tributary to
<location id="043D6044835EF04BC1B705D3FAEA1B32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D6044835EF04BC1B705D3FAEA1B32" box="[1154,1286,2034,2056]" country="Venezuela" county="State" municipality="Gran Sabana" name="Rio Kukenan" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="Bolivar">Río Kukenan</location>
, south of
<location id="043D6044835EF04BC05E05D3FEFE1B16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D6044835EF04BC05E05D3FEFE1B16" country="Venezuela" county="State" municipality="Gran Sabana" name="Mount Roraima" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="Bolivar">Mount Roraima</location>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A835EF04BC4290A37FE4F1B11" box="[284,419,2070,2092]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.065" metricValueMin="1.005" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="1035.0" valueMax="1065.0" valueMin="1005.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC835EF04BC4290A37FE4F1B11" box="[284,419,2070,2092]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.065" metricValueMin="1.005" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="1035.0" valueMax="1065.0" valueMin="1005.0">1005–1065 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F835EF04BC4980A37FDAE1B11" box="[429,578,2070,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" value="1944-10-02">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B7835EF04BC4980A37FDAE1B11" box="[429,578,2070,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" value="1944-10-02">2 October 1944</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr.),
<collectorName id="AC175349835EF04BC74C0A37FCFD1B11" box="[633,785,2070,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D835EF04BC74C0A37FCFD1B11" box="[633,785,2070,2091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">J.A. Steyermark</emphasis>
</collectorName>
59118 (
<typeStatus id="DE59883D835EF04BC66B0A37FC5A1B16" box="[862,950,2070,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A835EF04BC68A0A37FC191B11" box="[959,1013,2070,2091]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
! [
<specimenCode id="51449EE4835EF04BC1310A37FB951B16" box="[1028,1145,2070,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">VEN15991</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC2835EF04BC1BD0A37FA441B11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993469" box="[1160,1448,2070,2092]" collectingDate="1944-10-02" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="J. A. Steyermark" country="Venezuela" elevation="1035" location="Rio Kukenan" municipality="Gran Sabana" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="NY00133207" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="DE59883D835EF04BC1BD0A37FB3C1B16" box="[1160,1232,2070,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A835EF04BC1EF0A37FAEE1B11" box="[1242,1282,2070,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">NY</collectionCode>
! [
<specimenCode id="51449EE4835EF04BC0250A37FA701B11" box="[1296,1436,2070,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="226">NY00133207</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F865148351F044C5BD02BFFCBF107A" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C5BD02BFFCBF107A" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C5BD02BFFE6D1382" box="[136,385,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Much-branched shrub</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C49302BEFE3D1382" box="[422,465,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">tree</emphasis>
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C4E302BFFDC71383" box="[470,555,158,185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3–15 m</quantity>
tall; twigs
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C79302BFFCEF1383" box="[678,771,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
thick, glabrous, soon covered with a pale buffish-straw bark.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C5BD02E3FF0D13E6" box="[136,225,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Stipules</emphasis>
3.5–5 ×
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C47002E3FE5E13E7" box="[325,434,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, marcescent but soon damaged, consisting of a ± truncate sheath (usually split at flower-bearing nodes) bearing on each side of the node a dense mass of 10–25 thick aculeiform dorsal appendages
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C05902C7FF58121F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 mm</quantity>
long, shorter than the sheath and inserted between 1/3 and 2/3 of its length from the base.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C1A1032AFB0E121E" box="[1172,1250,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite; petioles
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C5BD030FFF1D1273" box="[136,241,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous; blades elliptic, 4–18.5 ×
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C7F1030FFCDC1273" box="[708,816,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="5.4" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–9 cm</quantity>
, acute to rounded at base, obtuse to hardly acuminate at apex, very coriaceous with thickened margin, entirely glabrous, drying olive brown to olive green; midrib slightly concave above; secondary veins 7–12 on each side of midrib, moderately ascending, forming irregular loops
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C00E0357FA4012AB" box="[1339,1452,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–8 mm</quantity>
from the margin; tertiary venation densely reticulate and prominent below (at least in the dry state); domatia absent.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C5BD039FFEC512E2" box="[136,297,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Inflorescences</emphasis>
terminal, in rather lax panicles,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C795039FFCF412E3" box="[672,792,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="10.25" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–14 cm</quantity>
long, erect, minutely spreading-puberulous (the peduncle ± glabrous); peduncle terete,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C4E303C3FDB912C7" box="[470,597,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–8.5 cm</quantity>
long; branched portion 1.5–5.5 ×
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C6EA03C3FB8D12C7" box="[991,1121,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="5.65" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="3.5">3.5–7.8 cm</quantity>
; secondary branches 3–4 per node,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C5F80027FEA6111B" box="[205,330,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5999999999999999" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.5999999999999999" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–2.8 cm</quantity>
long; bracts minute, ca. 0.7 x
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C7930027FD10111B" box="[678,764,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, triangular to linear, puberulous.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C19E0027FAEB111A" box="[1195,1287,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile, 5(–6)- merous.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C5DC000BFE9F117E" box="[233,371,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Hypanthium</emphasis>
cylindrical,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C737000BFDB5117F" box="[514,601,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C625000BFCBD117E" box="[784,849,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Calyx</emphasis>
tube extremely reduced, lobes triangular to narrowly elliptic, 0.5–1 × 0.3–0.5(–1) mm, obtuse to acute at apex, glabrous or minutely ciliate at apex.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C199006FFAEE1152" box="[1196,1282,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Corolla</emphasis>
only known in young bud stage; tube glabrous outside, villose at distal portion inside; lobes not dorsally corniculate, glabrous outside.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C5BD00B6FF09118B" box="[136,229,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Stamens</emphasis>
not seen.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C46200B7FE66118A" box="[343,394,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Disk</emphasis>
shortly cylindrical,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C75E00B7FD2D118B" box="[619,705,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C64000B7FC47118A" box="[885,939,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Style</emphasis>
not seen.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C12800B6FB8D118A" box="[1053,1121,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Fruits</emphasis>
obovoid to ellipsoid, 5.5–9 ×
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C5BD009BFF0911EF" box="[136,229,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
when dry, green when immature, bright orange when mature, glabrous, sessile or with pedicel &lt;
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C01F009BFA8011EF" box="[1322,1388,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, crowned by the persistent calyx
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C4CB00FFFD9F11C3" box="[510,627,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, i.e. not markedly accrescent.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C16B00FEFB5B11C2" box="[1118,1207,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Pyrenes</emphasis>
plano-convex, hemiobovoid, 6–8 ×
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C40D0123FE2C1027" box="[312,448,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
, dorsal side faintly ridged with 3–4 dorsal and 2 lateral ridges, smooth between the ridges, ventral side smooth.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C4440107FE5D107A" box="[369,433,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Seeds</emphasis>
with a deep T-shaped ventral furrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F865148351F044C588016BFC0C10B2" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C588016BFC0C10B2" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C588016BFE18105E" bold="true" box="[189,500,842,868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—This species occurs in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C686016BFBCA105E" box="[947,1062,842,868]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(Mt. Roraima area) and adjacent
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C5BD014FFF3310B2" box="[136,223,878,904]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Guyana</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C423014FFEB610B2" box="[278,346,878,904]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="99D92A1A8351F044C45C014FFE4110B3" box="[361,429,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[136,229,930,952]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,209,892]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,190,906]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Rudgea billietiae (black triangles), R; bolivarensis (grey circles), R. cornigera (black squares), R. pungens (grey squares) and R. tanaosepala (grey triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7069882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7069882/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), in forest/savanna edges, at
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C7C4014FFC9110B3" box="[753,893,878,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="700.0">700–1100 m</quantity>
altitude.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F865148351F044C58801B3FD6910EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C58801B3FD6910EA" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C58801B3FEAF1096" bold="true" box="[189,323,914,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Specimens with flower buds were collected in December; and with fruits in June-July (immature), October and December (mature or nearly so).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F865148351F044C58801FBFDED16F2" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C58801FBFF1417BE" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C58801FBFEE510CE" bold="true" box="[189,265,986,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Notes:</emphasis>
—The original description of this species was based on
<specimenCount id="17E4FD168351F044C64D01FAFBCC10CE" box="[888,1056,986,1013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, one from
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C1A301FBFAE010CE" box="[1174,1292,986,1012]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and one from
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C5BD01DFFF3C1722" box="[136,208,1022,1048]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Several additional specimens from
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C75001DFFD501722" box="[613,700,1022,1048]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Guyana</collectingCountry>
have since been found, and represent a new record for the country. Strangely enough, two Guyanan specimens (
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C7B90603FC8E1706" box="[652,866,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C7B90603FD371706" box="[652,731,1058,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Henkel</collectorName>
et al. 5675
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C6460603FB891706" box="[883,1125,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C6460603FC2E1706" box="[883,962,1058,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Henkel</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C6D80603FBCF1706" box="[1005,1059,1058,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Chin</collectorName>
5709
</emphasis>
) have coordinates falling in
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C5BD0667FF23175A" box="[136,207,1094,1120]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, which may be due to an error either of country or of coordinates reported on the label. Mature flowers are still unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C58806AFFDED16F2" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<bibRefCitation id="65734B6E8351F044C58806AFFDDA1792" author="Zappi, D. &amp; Steyermark, J. A." box="[189,566,1166,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" pagination="805 - 816" refId="ref22385" refString="Zappi, D. &amp; Steyermark, J. A. (2004) Rudgea. In: Steyermark, J. A., Berry, P. E., Yatskievytch, K. &amp; Holst, B. K. (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 8, Poaceae - Rubiaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis, pp. 805 - 816." type="book chapter" year="2004">Zappi &amp; Steyermark (2004: 808)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C79D06AFFC621792" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityYear="1967" box="[680,910,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C79D06AFFC621792" box="[680,910,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Rudgea bolivarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy under
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C14906AEFAD01792" baseAuthorityName="Zappi &amp; Steyermark" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1148,1340,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hostmanniana">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C14906AEFAD01792" box="[1148,1340,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R. hostmanniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is similar in inflorescence and fruit characters. The stipules of
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C62A0692FC2917F6" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityYear="1967" box="[799,965,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C62A0692FC2917F6" box="[799,965,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R. bolivarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, are very different and diagnostic, bearing only dorsal appendages that are shorter than the sheath (all other species of the complex have the stipular appendages exceeding the sheath, except
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C76B06DAFCF0162E" authorityName="C. M. Taylor, Bruniera &amp; Zappi" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[606,796,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coussareoides">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C76B06DAFCF0162E" box="[606,796,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R. coussareoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is easily recognized by its ternate leaves).
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C06306DBFEFC1602" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityYear="1967" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C06306DBFEFC1602" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Rudgea bolivarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C4EB073EFD711602" baseAuthorityName="Zappi &amp; Steyermark" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[478,669,1310,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hostmanniana">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C4EB073EFD711602" box="[478,669,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R. hostmanniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the corolla glabrous outside, leaves more coriaceous with a conspicuously thickened margin and an evident tertiary venation, and pyrenes with much less prominent dorsal ridges. The supposed differences in inflorescence structure, mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="65734B6E8351F044C6F50747FB7816BA" author="Steyermark, J. A." box="[960,1172,1382,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" pagination="230 - 436" refId="ref21823" refString="Steyermark, J. A. (1967) Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B.,, Fidalgo, O. &amp; Fidalgo, M. E. P. K. (eds.) The Botany of the Guayana Highland-Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436." type="journal article" year="1967">Steyermark (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, are actually not reliable; he described the pedicels of
<taxonomicName id="C6E24D1C8351F044C4FB07AAFD9B169E" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityYear="1967" box="[462,631,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Rudgea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C4FB07AAFD9B169E" box="[462,631,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R. bolivarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C7AA07ABFD12169F" box="[671,766,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
long, but the flowers are sessile and the fruits are sessile or subsessile (pedicel &lt;
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C442078FFE5416F3" box="[375,440,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F865148351F044C58807F3FDAB1436" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C58807F3FB45152A" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C58807F3FD8816D7" bold="true" box="[189,612,1490,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
Additional Specimens Examined:
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C77D07F2FD8816D7" bold="true" box="[584,612,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">—</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C75107F3FB4A152A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993440" collectingDate="1954-12-16" collectingDateMax="1954-12-18" collectingDateMin="1954-12-16" collectionCode="B" country="Brazil" elevation="720" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Branco" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Roraima">
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C75107F3FD2116D6" box="[612,717,1490,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C7E007F3FCD316D6" bold="true" box="[725,831,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectingRegion id="C326F87D8351F044C7E007F3FCD316D6" box="[725,831,1490,1516]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Roraima</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
[“
<location id="043D60448351F044C66007F3FC3316D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C66007F3FC3316D6" box="[853,991,1490,1516]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Branco" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Roraima">Rio Branco</location>
”]: along igarapé
<locationDeviation id="10EF2FBD8351F044C1A107F3FA4B16D6" box="[1172,1447,1490,1517]" location="Serra Sabang" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C1A107F3FB2716D6" box="[1172,1227,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
SE of Serra Sabang
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C5BD07D7FF3D152B" box="[136,209,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="720.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C5BD07D7FF3D152B" box="[136,209,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="720.0">720 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F8351F044C5E807D7FE30152B" box="[221,476,1526,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1954-12-16" valueMax="1954-12-18" valueMin="1954-12-16">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B78351F044C5E807D7FE30152B" box="[221,476,1526,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1954-12-16" valueMax="1954-12-18" valueMin="1954-12-16">16–18 December 1954</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl. buds &amp; fr.),
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C7A607D6FBF0152A" box="[659,1052,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C7A607D6FD4B152A" box="[659,679,1527,1552]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<location id="043D60448351F044C78607D6FCFE152A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C78607D6FCFE152A" box="[691,786,1527,1552]" country="Brazil" name="Maguire" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Roraima">Maguire</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C60307D6FCA7152B" box="[822,843,1527,1553]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C67B07D6FC8A152B" box="[846,870,1527,1553]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
.
<location id="043D60448351F044C64507D6FC23152A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C64507D6FC23152A" box="[880,975,1527,1552]" country="Brazil" name="Maguire" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Roraima">Maguire</location>
40276
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C11E07D7FBB8152A" box="[1067,1108,1526,1552]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C16A07D7FB71152A" box="[1119,1181,1526,1552]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="015D369F8351F044C588043BFDAB1436" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C588043BFCED150F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993472" box="[189,769,1562,1589]" collectionCode="R" country="Guyana" location="Pakaraima Mountains" municipality="Upper Ireng" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="79F5760F8351F044C588043BFEDB150E" box="[189,311,1562,1588]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="043D60448351F044C473043BFDAF150E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C473043BFDAF150E" box="[326,579,1562,1588]" country="Guyana" municipality="Upper Ireng" name="Pakaraima Mountains" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Pakaraima Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E139ACE58351F044C767043AFD33150F" box="[594,735,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Upper Ireng</collectingMunicipality>
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C7DE043AFCED150F" box="[747,769,1563,1589]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C625043BFA47150F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993574" box="[784,1451,1562,1589]" collectionCode="NE" collectorName="Malakwalai-Tipu" country="Guyana" elevation="300" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
watershed,
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C6A1043BFBB4150E" box="[916,1112,1562,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Malakwalai-Tipu</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C15D043BFB58150F" box="[1128,1204,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C15D043BFB58150F" box="[1128,1204,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
downslope from
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C0B3043AFA47150F" box="[1414,1451,1563,1589]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14575" name="University of New England" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">NE</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C5BD041EFC671562" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993464" box="[136,907,1598,1625]" collectingDate="1994-07-17" collectionCode="T, W" country="Guyana" elevation="1100" latitude="4.8" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-60.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
escarpment,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C423041FFE871562" box="[278,363,1598,1624]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="4.8">4°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C442041FFE311562" box="[375,477,1598,1624]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-60.3">60°18’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C4DC041FFDD31563" box="[489,575,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C4DC041FFDD31563" box="[489,575,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F8351F044C77E041FFD301562" box="[587,732,1598,1624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-07-17">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B78351F044C77E041FFD301562" box="[587,732,1598,1624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-07-17">17 July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(imm. fr.),
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C66B041EFC671562" box="[862,907,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C66B041EFC831562" box="[862,879,1599,1624]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C647041EFC671562" box="[882,907,1599,1624]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C6BE041EFB661562" box="[907,1162,1598,1625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C6A3041FFBE21562" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993435" box="[918,1038,1598,1624]" collectionCode="M" collectorName="Henkel" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C6A3041FFC041562" box="[918,1000,1598,1624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Henkel</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C6C6041EFBE21562" box="[1011,1038,1599,1624]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C12C041FFB6A1562" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993423" box="[1049,1158,1598,1625]" collectionCode="L" collectorName="Chin" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C12C041FFBA31562" box="[1049,1103,1598,1624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Chin</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C146041EFB6A1562" box="[1139,1158,1599,1624]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C1A4041FFD0A1547" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993579" collectionCode="CAY, U, E" collectorName="Williams" country="Guyana" location="Pakaraima Mountains" municipality="upper Ireng River" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C1A4041FFADE1562" box="[1169,1330,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C1A4041FFB1F1562" box="[1169,1267,1598,1624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Williams</collectorName>
5675
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C074041FFA971562" box="[1345,1403,1598,1624]" country="French Guiana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" name="Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">CAY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C0B3041FFA721562" box="[1414,1438,1598,1624]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15513" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">U</collectionCode>
);
<location id="043D60448351F044C5BD0443FE6C1546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C5BD0443FE6C1546" box="[136,384,1634,1660]" country="Guyana" municipality="upper Ireng River" name="Pakaraima Mountains" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Pakaraima Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E139ACE58351F044C4BF0442FDBC1546" box="[394,592,1634,1661]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">upper Ireng River</collectingMunicipality>
watershed,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C7E00442FD0A1547" box="[725,742,1635,1661]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C7D80443FDF1159A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993549" collectingDate="1994-07-19" collectionCode="T, W" collectorName="Achiknang" country="Guyana" elevation="700" latitude="4.9833336" location="Kaalmang River" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-60.133335" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
bank
<location id="043D60448351F044C61F0443FC0D1546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C61F0443FC0D1546" box="[810,993,1634,1660]" country="Guyana" latitude="4.9833336" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-60.133335" name="Kaalmang River" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Kaalmang River</location>
at base of
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C1620443FB391546" box="[1111,1237,1634,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Achiknang</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C1D50443FAD91547" box="[1248,1333,1634,1661]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="4.9833336">4°59’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C0750443FA4B1546" box="[1344,1447,1634,1660]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-60.133335">60°08’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C5BD04A7FF3D159B" box="[136,209,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C5BD04A7FF3D159B" box="[136,209,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F8351F044C5E804A7FE82159A" box="[221,366,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-07-19">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B78351F044C5E804A7FE82159A" box="[221,366,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-07-19">19 July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(imm. fr.),
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C4C504A6FDF1159A" box="[496,541,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C4C504A6FDED159A" box="[496,513,1671,1696]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C73104A6FDF1159A" box="[516,541,1671,1696]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C72804A6FD55159A" box="[541,697,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C71204A7FD59159A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993325" box="[551,693,1670,1697]" collectionCode="M" collectorName="Henkel" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C71204A7FD9A159A" box="[551,630,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Henkel</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C7AF04A6FD59159A" box="[666,693,1671,1696]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C7F504A7FC0D15FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993491" collectingDate="1994-10-12" collectionCode="K, E, P" collectorName="Chin" country="Guyana" elevation="760" latitude="4.8" location="Pakaraima Mountains" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-60.033333" municipality="upper Ireng River" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C7F504A7FCD9159A" box="[704,821,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C7F504A7FD1A159A" box="[704,758,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Chin</collectorName>
5709
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C67004A7FCB1159A" box="[837,861,1670,1696]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
);
<location id="043D60448351F044C64704A7FB87159A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C64704A7FB87159A" box="[882,1131,1670,1696]" country="Guyana" latitude="4.8" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-60.033333" municipality="upper Ireng River" name="Pakaraima Mountains" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Pakaraima Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E139ACE58351F044C14304A6FAD3159A" box="[1142,1343,1670,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">upper Ireng River</collectingMunicipality>
, hills
<locationDeviation id="10EF2FBD8351F044C0B404A7FECF15FE" location="Cipo" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C0B404A7FF4015FE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C581048AFF2915FF" box="[180,197,1707,1733]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of Cipo
</locationDeviation>
settlement,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C49A048BFDE815FE" box="[431,516,1706,1732]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="4.8">4°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C724048BFD8615FE" box="[529,618,1706,1732]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-60.033333">60°2’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C742048BFD2D15FF" box="[631,705,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="760.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C742048BFD2D15FF" box="[631,705,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F8351F044C7FB048BFC6115FE" box="[718,909,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-10-12">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B78351F044C7FB048BFC6115FE" box="[718,909,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1994-10-12">12 October 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr.),
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C6E5048AFC0D15FE" box="[976,993,1707,1732]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C6E5048AFC0D15FE" box="[976,993,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">P</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C6D4048AFAC715FE" box="[993,1323,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C6D9048BFB7F15FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993437" box="[1004,1171,1706,1732]" collectionCode="T, W" collectorName="Mutchnik" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C6D9048BFBB515FE" box="[1004,1113,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Mutchnik</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C153048AFB9B15FE" box="[1126,1143,1707,1732]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C14F048AFB7F15FE" box="[1146,1171,1707,1732]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C1AB048BFACB15FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993375" box="[1182,1319,1706,1733]" collectionCode="L" collectorName="Henkel" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C1AB048BFB0115FE" box="[1182,1261,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Henkel</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C021048AFACB15FE" box="[1300,1319,1707,1732]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C006048BFEBE1436" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993455" collectingDate="1995-06-10" collectionCode="K, P" collectorName="Williams" country="Guyana" county="Annuyeng Creek" elevation="834" latitude="4.6633334" location="Northern Pakaraimas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.809166" municipality="Koa Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C006048BFA4715FE" box="[1331,1451,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C006048BFA7915FE" box="[1331,1429,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Williams</collectorName>
1
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C5A404EFFF4515D2" box="[145,169,1742,1768]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
);
<location id="043D60448351F044C58804EFFE4015D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:894B8789835EF044C5BD0587FDAB1436:043D60448351F044C58804EFFE4015D2" box="[189,428,1742,1768]" country="Guyana" county="Annuyeng Creek" latitude="4.6633334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.809166" municipality="Koa Valley" name="Northern Pakaraimas" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Northern Pakaraimas</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E139ACE58351F044C48304EEFDDF15D2" box="[438,563,1742,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Koa Valley</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="E83C4E138351F044C70E04EFFD1515D2" box="[571,761,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Annuyeng Creek</collectingCounty>
from mouth to falls,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C6D404EFFBB315D2" box="[993,1119,1742,1768]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="15" seconds="48" value="4.6633334">4°39’48”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="64D650588351F044C15C04EFFB1515D3" box="[1129,1273,1742,1769]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-59.809166">59°48’33”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C61A9B7A8351F044C03604EFFAA715D3" box="[1283,1355,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.34" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="834.0">
<elevation id="8ACFD1AC8351F044C03604EFFAA715D3" box="[1283,1355,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.34" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="834.0">834 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="755C105F8351F044C06304EFFF2C1437" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1995-06-10">
<collectingDate id="6518E9B78351F044C06304EFFF2C1437" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" value="1995-06-10">10 June 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
(imm. fr.),
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C47404D2FEBE1436" box="[321,338,1779,1804]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C47404D2FEBE1436" box="[321,338,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">P</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C46704D2FEBA1436" box="[338,342,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B18A3CC28351F044C46804D3FDAF1436" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3900993565" box="[349,579,1778,1804]" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Mutchnick" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3396EA8D8351F044C46804D3FDFE1436" box="[349,530,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">
<collectorName id="AC1753498351F044C46804D3FE3F1436" box="[349,467,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="227">Mutchnick</collectorName>
1620
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="67F3AE5A8351F044C71704D3FDD61436" box="[546,570,1778,1804]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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