150 lines
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150 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3786" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9157a5b2-58b5-4267-94fd-70d3a43bddd6" ID-PMC="PMC3496918" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-235-41" ID-PubMed="23226962" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-235-41" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 235" ModsDocTitle="Tabanidae (Diptera) of Maranhão state, Brazil. V. Description of Protosilvius gurupi sp. n. (Pangoniinae, Pangoniini) and key to Protosilvius species" checkinTime="1451248613291" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rafael, Jose Albertino, Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida & Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco" docDate="2012" docId="84948D44A027192B5923E6BDFCFAB4FB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 235: 41-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 235" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3786" docTitle="Protosilvius gurupi Rafael, Marques & Limeira-de-Oliveira, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FF9588361D6BFF9DFFF3F832FFF2FFC0" masterDocTitle="Tabanidae (Diptera) of Maranhao state, Brazil. V. Description of Protosilvius gurupi sp. n. (Pangoniinae, Pangoniini) and key to Protosilvius species" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668154642929" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Tabanidae (Diptera) of Maranhao state, Brazil. V. Description of Protosilvius gurupi sp. n. (Pangoniinae, Pangoniini) and key to Protosilvius species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rafael, Jose Albertino</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>235</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3786</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3786</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-235-41</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037591" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1AA834-5114-4918-BC20-514836F16539" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84948D44A027192B5923E6BDFCFAB4FB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1AA834-5114-4918-BC20-514836F16539" authority="Rafael, Marques & Limeira-de-Oliveira" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius gurupi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurupi">Protosilvius gurupi Rafael, Marques & Limeira-de-Oliveira</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-11
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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HOLOTYPE female. "Brasil, MA[
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ranhão">ranhao</normalizedToken>
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] [Centro Novo do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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] REBIO - Res[erva] Biol[
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ógica">ogica</normalizedToken>
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do] Gurupi
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.2347221">03°14'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-46.70639">46°41'83"W</geoCoordinate>
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"Arm[adilha] Luminosa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="móvel">movel</normalizedToken>
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07-15.I[Jan.].2011, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & M. M. Abreu, cols." (CZMA). Paratypes: same data as holotype (5 females, 22 males, CZMA; 2 females, 20 males, INPA; 5 males, MPEG; 5 males, MZSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Mostly light yellow, slender, and soft-bodied specimens. Thorax and abdomen with yellow bristles. Antenna with three flagellomeres after postpedicel. Wing unusually long; usually with cup cell open, without petiole if cell is closed. Abdomen unicolorous. Female tergite 9 distinctly narrower medially; tergite 10 sub-rectangular.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Holotype female. Body length: 8.9 mm. Specimen mostly light yellow. Head (Fig. 1) with eyes black (green in life,) more or less suboval in profile, rounded laterally in frontal view, with very short yellowish bristles which are barely visible under higher magnification. Frons (Fig. 2) narrow, somewhat parallel sided, slightly divergent dorsally and ventrally, frontal index about 2.7, smoothly tomentose, with a median inconspicuous groove, and short, inconspicuous brown bristles. Ocellar tubercle (Fig. 2) somewhat prominent, as high as ocellus. Subcallus (Fig. 2) very small, tomentose, separation from frons indistinct. Parafacial narrow, tomentose, with long black bristles. Face convex laterally, deeply sunken medially, tomentose, without bristles, separate from parafacial by deep groove. Antenna (Fig. 3) with scape and pedicel short, plump, yellow to brown, and with robust black bristles; flagellum light yellow with robust black bristles, apparently with six flagellomeres; postpedicel swollen when observed in lateral view, with three distal flagellomeres, the first flagellomere almost totally fused to postpedicel based on a distinct incomplete suture on medial side (see Fig. 3 from a clarified antenna of a different paratype specimen); second flagellomere as long as first and with an indistinct suture; third flagellomere, the distalmost, longer than two preceding flagellomeres. Palpus (Fig. 4) with first segment somewhat swollen, second slightly narrower and slightly curved, distinctly bristled. Proboscis short, as long as palpi, membranous, with long, narrow, soft and bristled labellum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Thorax with scutum and scutellum light brown to dark yellow, sparsely yellow bristled, with yellow pruinescence. Pleuron slightly clearer than scutum, yellow with light grey to yellow pruinescence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Legs (Fig. 1) entirely yellow except distal half of tarsomeres 5 brown; most legs with yellow bristles, except fore tibia black bristled. All tarsomeres 1 of equal length. Hind tibial spurs slightly shorter than mid ones.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Wing (Fig. 5) 9.1 mm long, 2.9 mm wide, narrower than usual for tabanids, diffusely brownish, with costal margin slightly darker; pterostigma ill defined. Vein Sc bare dorsally and ventrally; vein R4 with short appendix; vein CuA1 with even row of small setulae; cell cup open. Halteres with stem yellow and capitulum brown and white.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Abdomen (Fig. 1) long, narrow, entirely yellow, with short golden bristles dorsally and ventrally. Terminalia: Tergite 9 (Fig. 6) narrow medially, expanded laterally; tergite 10 subrectangular in dorsal view, divided medially; cercus subtriangular. Sternite 8 (Fig. 7) wider than long, with somewhat distinct gonapophysis. Genital fork as in figure 8.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Male. Body length: 9.0 mm; wing length: 9.1 mm. Habitus similar to female specimens except head holoptic, antenna (Fig. 9) slightly weaker, cell cup narrowly open (sometimes narrowly closed, without petiole), abdomen slender and of a lighter tone, first 3-4 abdominal segments light yellow, somewhat translucent, remaining brown. Terminalia (Fig. 10): epandrium with concavity basally; cercus subquadrate in lateral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="43" start="start">view</pageBreakToken>
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; gonocoxite slightly arched; gonostylus bifid (Fig. 11); ejaculatory apodeme and gonocoxal apodeme similar in length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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do Gurupi, where the specimens were collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Brazil,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype condition">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Holotype condition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Pinned, not dissected, in good condition except for a damaged left wing. We chose the best preserved specimen, among the few females collected, as holotype because in most tabanids species the primary types are females.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">One female specimen without short appendix on vein R4. Female size varying from 8.6-9.6, mean 9.0 mm (n = 3). Male size varying from 8.0-10 mm, mean 9.1 cm (n = 10).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius gurupi" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurupi">Protosilvius gurupi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is smaller than other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protosilvius</taxonomicName>
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species, as the biggest specimens (9.8 mm) are slightly shorter than the smallest species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius priscus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="priscus">Protosilvius priscus</taxonomicName>
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(10 mm); these differ by three flagellomeres after the postpedicel in the former and four flagellomeres in the latter. Female specimens would key out to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius termitiformis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitiformis">Protosilvius termitiformis</taxonomicName>
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in couplet 3 of
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<bibRefCitation author="Fairchild, GB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="342 - 350" title="Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). III. The genus Protosilvius Enderlein." volume="55" year="1962">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fairchild´s">Fairchild's</normalizedToken>
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(1962)
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</bibRefCitation>
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key by the following characters: short and sparse bristled specimens and abdomen unicolorous.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius gurupi" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurupi">Protosilvius gurupi</taxonomicName>
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has an open cup cell and narrow female tergite 9 (Fig. 6), whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius termitiformis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitiformis">Protosilvius termitiformis</taxonomicName>
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has a closed cup cell and wide female tergite 9 (Fig. 20). According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Chainey, JE" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="321 - 345" title="A new genus and three new species of Pangoniini (Diptera: Tabanidae from Bolivia." volume="91" year="1996">Chainey and Hall (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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, female specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protosilvius</taxonomicName>
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differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Boliviamyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boliviamyia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Boliviamyia</taxonomicName>
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Chainey & Hall by a frons without callus, a slender palpus without a dorsal groove and apparently absent mandibles and both sexes have the antennal flagellum with a very short and/or irregular postpedicel and very long and slender apical flagellomeres.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Bionomics. Light traps are a common method for collecting many male and some female tabanids. All specimens of both sexes of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Protosilvius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protosilvius gurupi" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gurupi">Protosilvius gurupi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. were collected in light traps, not one in the Malaise traps mounted nearby. The specimens were constantly collected in the light trap, either while the car was slowly moving or not. We believe the specimens are not nocturnal but they were attracted to trap when the light reached the specimens bedding in the vegetation. The collection was made in the Amazonian Region, in the state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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, in the rainy season, far from any drier area for at least 300 kilometers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |