509 lines
55 KiB
XML
509 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="BFA971ED607962CFFC06055D98469D59" ID-CLB-Dataset="38982" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464331980959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="8366879DE95A855AFF6FEC890AD6FDD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4116.1..pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cirrula austrina Coquillett" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="7F5FFFE5E9118515FFF8E95A0E0AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1698630767650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9269422D684B4C3F913DCE08D43C9D8D">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4C085CCABF4E260FB110D1754F73517">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B3C3F76943F25A81212E26818ECFA32">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6BC589AAC987ADCFE9383DFF041534E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E2A776B530FAD18529EF4DC628A3022">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD8631D0EC426C693A1C76C11B33A08F">4116</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8366879DE95A855AFF6FEC890AD6FDD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6074134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6074134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366879DE95A855AFF6FEC890AD6FDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366879DE95A855AFF6FEC890AD6FDD4" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E95A855EFF6FEC890C2BFA04" box="[151,545,1490,1517]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEC890C2BFA04" blockId="75.[151,545,1490,1550]" box="[151,545,1490,1517]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="503881E7E95A855EFF6FEC890C2BFA04" bold="true" box="[151,545,1490,1517]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEC890C2BFA04" bold="true" box="[151,545,1490,1517]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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24.
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||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF3BEC880C2BFA04" ID-CoL="VHLZ" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[195,545,1490,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF3BEC880F82FA05" bold="true" box="[195,392,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Cirrula austrina</emphasis>
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(Coquillett)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E95A855EFF6FECAF0F90F9E7" box="[151,410,1525,1550]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FECAF0F90F9E7" blockId="75.[151,545,1490,1550]" box="[151,410,1525,1550]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95A855EFF6FECAF0F33F9E7" box="[151,313,1525,1550]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStart-1="FIGURES 108 – 110" captionStartId-0="76.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionStartId-1="77.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1425,409,1785]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1422,201,843]" captionTargetId-0="figure@76.[156,1432,409,1796]" captionTargetId-1="figure@77.[159,1428,193,852]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="FIGURES 104 – 107. Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (104) head, lateral view; (105) same, anterior view; (106) mesonotum, dorsal view; (107) hindleg of male, lateral view and dorsal view of tarsi (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." captionText-1="FIGURES 108 – 110. Structures of male and female terminalia of Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (108) female ventral receptacle, lateral view; (109) male terminalia, lateral view; (110) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli, posterior view (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/399440/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/399441/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 104–110</figureCitation>
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, Map 24
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95A855EFF6FEF670AC5F8E2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEF670DBBF9BA" blockId="75.[151,1435,1597,1803]" box="[151,945,1597,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95A855EFF6FEF670DBBF9BA" box="[151,945,1597,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF6FEF670C1EF9BA" ID-CoL="8872H" authority="Coquillett 1900: 36" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,532,1597,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEF670F43F9BA" box="[151,329,1597,1619]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ephydra austrina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFEB7EF670C1EF9BA" author="Coquillett" box="[335,532,1597,1619]" page="36" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1900">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFEB7EF670FFBF9BA" author="Coquillett" box="[335,497,1597,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1900) New genera and species of Ephydridae. The Canadian Entomologist, 32 (2), 33 - 36. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 3233 - 2" type="journal article" year="1900">Coquillett 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFDC9EF670CE7F9BA" author="Aldrich" box="[561,749,1597,1619]" page="629" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFDC9EF670CB4F9BA" author="Aldrich" box="[561,702,1597,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 629
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
[Nearctic catalog].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEF060DD0F99B" blockId="75.[151,1435,1597,1803]" box="[151,986,1628,1650]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95A855EFF6FEF060DD0F99B" box="[151,986,1628,1650]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF6FEF060FE7F99B" authority="Hine 1904: 65" authorityName="Hine" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,493,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Caenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virida">
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||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEF060EEAF998" box="[151,224,1628,1649]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Caenia</emphasis>
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||
[sic]
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFEE2EF060F5CF99B" box="[282,342,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">virida</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFEA4EF060FE7F99B" author="Hine" box="[348,493,1628,1650]" page="65" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1904">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFEA4EF060FC0F99B" author="Hine" box="[348,458,1628,1650]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Hine, J. S. (1904) On Diptera of the family Ephydridae. The Ohio Naturalist, 4 (3), 63 - 65. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19903" type="journal article" year="1904">Hine 1904</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 65
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
[description].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFD6AEF060D58F99B" author="Cresson" box="[658,850,1628,1650]" page="152" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFD6AEF060D28F99B" author="Cresson" box="[658,802,1628,1650]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Cresson, E. T, Jr. (1916) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. - III. Entomological News, 27 (4), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1916">Cresson 1916</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 152
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[synonymy].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEF200C1EF979" blockId="75.[151,1435,1597,1803]" box="[151,532,1658,1680]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95A855EFF6FEF200C1EF979" box="[151,532,1658,1680]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF6FEF200F3FF979" box="[151,309,1658,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEF200F3FF979" box="[151,309,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ephydra viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFEAAEF200C1AF979" author="Aldrich" box="[338,528,1658,1680]" page="101" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1912">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFEAAEF200FD4F979" author="Aldrich" box="[338,478,1658,1680]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1912) The biology of some western species of the dipterous genus Ephydra. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 20 (2), 77 - 99." type="journal article" year="1912">Aldrich 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 101
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEFC00B5CF927" blockId="75.[151,1435,1597,1803]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95A855EFF6FEFC00B5CF927" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF6FEFC00F78F946" box="[151,370,1690,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEFC00F78F946" box="[151,370,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dimecoenia austrina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFE68EFC30C50F946" author="Cresson" box="[400,602,1689,1711]" page="152" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFE68EFC30C2CF946" author="Cresson" box="[400,550,1689,1711]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Cresson, E. T, Jr. (1916) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. - III. Entomological News, 27 (4), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1916">Cresson 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 152
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFD80EFC30DFAF946" author="Sturtevant" box="[632,1008,1689,1711]" page="166" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1954">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFD80EFC30DB0F946" author="Sturtevant" box="[632,954,1689,1711]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. & Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 166
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[review].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFB95EFC30B91F946" author="Wirth" box="[1133,1435,1689,1711]" page="472" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFB95EFC30B6FF946" author="Wirth" box="[1133,1381,1689,1711]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 372 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 472
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[review].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFECFEFE20FE8F927" author="Wirth" box="[311,482,1720,1742]" page="755" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFECFEFE20FB8F927" author="Wirth" box="[311,434,1720,1742]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 755
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[Nearctic catalog].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFD44EFE20D8AF927" author="Steyskal" box="[700,896,1720,1742]" page="463" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFD44EFE20D5AF927" author="Steyskal" box="[700,848,1720,1742]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1970) The species of the genus Dimecoenia (Diptera: Ephydridae) in America north of Panama, with the description of a new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63 (2), 462 - 465. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 63.2.462" type="journal article" year="1970">Steyskal 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 463
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[review, Figs. of male and female terminalia].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A855EFF6FEF8C0AC5F8E2" blockId="75.[151,1435,1597,1803]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95A855EFF6FEF8C0AC5F8E2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFF6FEF8C0F4BF904" ID-CoL="VHLZ" box="[151,321,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEF8C0F4BF904" box="[151,321,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Cirrula austrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFEA7EF8C0C99F905" author="Mathis" box="[351,659,1750,1772]" page="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1981">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFEA7EF8C0C73F905" author="Mathis" box="[351,633,1750,1772]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Simpson, K. W. (1981) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: The genera Cirrula Cresson and Dimecoenia Cresson in North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 329, 1 - 51 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1981">Mathis and Simpson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–21 [revision, generic combination, Figs. of adult and immatures, natural history].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFECBEFAF0C99F8E2" author="Mathis" box="[307,659,1781,1803]" page="236" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFECBEFAF0C69F8E2" author="Mathis" box="[307,611,1781,1803]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 236
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[world catalog].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95A855EFCAAEFAF0DF0F8E2" author="Mathis" box="[850,1018,1781,1803]" page="64" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95A855EFCAAEFAF0DDDF8E2" author="Mathis" box="[850,983,1781,1803]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refString="Mathis, W. N. (1997) The shore flies of the Belizean Cays (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 592, i - vi + 1 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.592" type="journal article" year="1997">Mathis 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–65 [review,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95A855EFB87EFAF0ACFF8E2" box="[1151,1221,1781,1803]" name="Belize" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95A8558FF6FEE6D0A1CFA34" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95A8559FF6FEE6D0A2AFE8D" blockId="75.[151,1436,1847,2017]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFF6FEE6D0F1BF8B9" bold="true" box="[151,273,1847,1872]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is related and similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95A855EFD1FEE620DDCF8B9" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[743,982,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFD1FEE620D65F8B9" box="[743,879,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Moderately large to large shore flies, body length
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95A855EFBB6EE060AF1F89D" box="[1102,1275,1884,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.8" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="4.8">4.80–6.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mostly dull, olivaceous to grayish brown, with subshiny to shiny areas on dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95A855EFC44EE250A0BF871" box="[956,1025,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae 2, well developed; cruciate interfrontal setae 1, long, over 2/3 length of arista, overlapping apically; parafrons brownish to brownish gray, microtomentose but not velvety; aristal rays slightly longer than aristal width at base; interfoveal hump distinctly projecting anteriorly; dorsum of face lacking patche(s) of long setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95D8559FABAE9CD0B96FF59" box="[1346,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsocentral setae 5 (1+4) well developed, subequal; presutural seta well developed, equal to or longer than anterior notopleural seta; lacking distinct prescutellar, acrostichal setae and presutural supra-alar setae. Hindfemur of male enlarged, swollen; hindtarsi of male shortened and bearing tufts of long hairs; legs generally dark; tarsi of foreleg normal, cylindrical, similar to those of midleg.
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95D8559FCC8E87D0DA9FEA9" box="[816,931,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Hypandrium evident as a well-sclerotized process; setae of epandrium around cercal cavity similar to other epandrial setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5FB06603E95D8559FF6FEE430AC6F8A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399440/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" targetBox="[161,1425,409,1785]" targetPageId="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95D8559FF6FEE430AC6F8A7" blockId="76.[151,1436,1817,1870]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95D8559FF6FEE430F7AF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,368,1817,1840]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURES 104–107.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95D8559FE82EE430CADF8C6" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[378,679,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95D8559FE82EE430C2EF8C6" box="[378,548,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cirrula austrina</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (104) head, lateral view; (105) same, anterior view; (106) mesonotum, dorsal view; (107) hindleg of male, lateral view and dorsal view of tarsi (from Mathis and Simpson 1981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5FB06603E95C8558FF6FEA020F68FC45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399441/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" targetBox="[162,1422,201,843]" targetPageId="77">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95C8558FF6FEA020F68FC45" blockId="77.[151,1436,856,940]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95C8558FF6FEA020F61FC87" bold="true" box="[151,363,856,879]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURES 108–110.</emphasis>
|
||
Structures of male and female terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95C8558FCD4EA030A58FC86" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[812,1106,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95C8558FCD4EA030DD9FC86" box="[812,979,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cirrula austrina</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (108) female ventral receptacle, lateral view; (109) male terminalia, lateral view; (110) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli, posterior view (from Mathis and Simpson 1981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95C8558FF3FEA8E0A1CFA34" blockId="77.[151,1437,980,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95C8558FF3FEA8E0F0EFC04" box="[199,260,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95C8558FEE3EA8E0FC3FC04" box="[283,457,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,409,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[156,1432,409,1796]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (104) head, lateral view; (105) same, anterior view; (106) mesonotum, dorsal view; (107) hindleg of male, lateral view and dorsal view of tarsi (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399440/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 104–105</figureCitation>
|
||
): Head ratio 0.58; frontal ratio 0.51; subquadrate mesofrons shiny with metallic olivaceous to greenish blue luster; cruciate interfrontal setae 1 pair, remainder of mesofrons with small inconspicuous setae; ocellar triangle and parafrons mostly concolorous, brownish gray, the latter becoming slightly darker anteriorly; ocelli in isosceles triangle, distance between posterior pair much less than between either posterior ocellus and medial ocellus; medial ocellus marking posterior extension of shallow depression; lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae 2 pairs; postocellar setae only moderately well developed; postocular setae more or the uniform in size. Antenna more or less unicolorous, brownish gray to charcoal gray; arista longer than combined length of 1st 3 antennal segments gradually tapered to style-like apex; subpectinate dorsally just apicad of midpoint to near base. Facial ratio 0.73; interfoveal hump prominent, dorsum shiny, nearly concolorous with shiny mesofrons; antennal groove deeply impressed, more or less concolorous with remainder of face but less microtomentose and tending to be somewhat subshiny with very pale greenish blue luster; face olivaceous to argentous, darker dorsally; marginal facial setae larger, extended from interfoveal hump to posteroventral corner of face more or less uniformly, gently curved posteriorly; oral margin weakly emarginate toward midpoint. Eye ratio 1.2; gena-to-eye ratio 0.29; gena only moderately wide, mostly bare except for small setae paralleling parafacial suture, mostly concolorous with face, becoming darker and setulose posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95C855BFF3FECBD0CF7FB1B" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95C8558FF3FECBD0DB1F8F5" blockId="77.[151,1437,980,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95C8558FF3FECBD0F12F9E9" box="[199,280,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95C8558FED7ECBD0F91F9E9" box="[303,411,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,409,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[156,1432,409,1796]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (104) head, lateral view; (105) same, anterior view; (106) mesonotum, dorsal view; (107) hindleg of male, lateral view and dorsal view of tarsi (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399440/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
|
||
): Mesonotum generally subshiny, slightly darker and shinier posteriorly, with linear, microtomentose vittae between shiny ones, particularly evident anteriorly, color varying from grayish blue to metallic olivaceous green; acrostichal setae unseriated; dorsocentral setae 5. Pleural areas paler, more microtomentose than mesonotum, becoming paler, grayer toward venter. Legs generally dark colored, dull, microtomentose, mostly unicolorous, apices generally tawny; legs of males differing as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95C8558FADEEF2F0B85F967" box="[1318,1423,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,409,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[156,1432,409,1796]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (104) head, lateral view; (105) same, anterior view; (106) mesonotum, dorsal view; (107) hindleg of male, lateral view and dorsal view of tarsi (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399440/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
): hindfemur enlarged, swollen, particularly basal half; hindtibia with several long hairs on ventral surface near apex; hindtarsomeres generally shorter, slightly more swollen, bearing tufts if long on ventral surfaces, more pronounced on basal segments. Wing length averaging
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95C8558FD7BEFBA0CE6F911" box="[643,748,1760,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.76" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="4.76">4.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
; generally hyaline or very slightly infumate, grayish brown; costal vein ratio 0.19; M vein ratio 1.1; wing length-to-width ratio 0.40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95C855BFF3FEE7D0C5FFF1E" blockId="77.[151,1437,980,2033]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1437,151,247]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95C8558FF3FEE7D0F30F8A9" box="[199,314,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Generally microtomentose, grayish blue to grayish brown, tergites darker anteriorly and along median, becoming more grayish blue toward posterior and lateral margins. Tergite 5 of male slightly longer than tergite 4, as wide as long. Male terminalia as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95C8558FCF6EE370DBCF86F" box="[782,950,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 108 – 110" captionStartId="77.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,201,843]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[159,1428,193,852]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 108 – 110. Structures of male and female terminalia of Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (108) female ventral receptacle, lateral view; (109) male terminalia, lateral view; (110) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli, posterior view (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399441/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 109–110</figureCitation>
|
||
): epandrium more or less parallel sided in posterior view, somewhat flattened in profile, with anteroventral margin distinctly angulate; surstylus simple, long, slender process with apex slightly recurved; gonite almost as wide as long, narrowed apically to curved point; phallapodeme long, pointed ventrally, dorsal portion broad, curved posteriorly; aedeagus short, posteroventral corner acutely pointed; hypandrium with long anterior process, anterior portion broadly bifurcate and folded back on itself. Female ventral receptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95F855BFDCDE9E10C9CFF3D" box="[565,662,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 108 – 110" captionStartId="77.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,201,843]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[159,1428,193,852]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 108 – 110. Structures of male and female terminalia of Cirrula austrina (Coquillett). (108) female ventral receptacle, lateral view; (109) male terminalia, lateral view; (110) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli, posterior view (from Mathis and Simpson 1981)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399441/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
) with operculum very large, as high as wide; extended process with small curved process on medial margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF6FED870CF7FB1B" blockId="78.[151,765,1244,1267]" box="[151,765,1244,1267]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF6FED870EFDFB1B" bold="true" box="[151,247,1245,1266]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">MAP 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95F855BFE2BED860CF3FB1B" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[467,761,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFE2BED860C70FB1A" box="[467,634,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cirrula austrina</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95F855BFF3FEC400A5DF8EE" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEC400F60FA76" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FEC400F73FADA" bold="true" box="[199,377,1306,1331]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFF3FEC400F08FADA" box="[199,258,1306,1331]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFE44EC400C29FADA" box="[444,547,1306,1331]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95F855BFD6CEC400D54FADB" box="[660,862,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFD6CEC400D54FADB" box="[660,862,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ephydra austrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95F855BFBE7EC400B5DFADB" author="Mathis" box="[1055,1367,1306,1331]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Simpson, K. W. (1981) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: The genera Cirrula Cresson and Dimecoenia Cresson in North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 329, 1 - 51 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1981">Mathis and Simpson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9) is labeled “Fl[orid]a./Collection, C. V. Riley/
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFD8AEC640CA0FABE" box="[626,682,1342,1367]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
No 4299
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFCE1EC650D60FABE" box="[793,874,1343,1367]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
[red].” The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFC0BEC640A50FABE" box="[1011,1114,1342,1367]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is pinned directly, is in good condition (some setae of the head and thorax are missing, mesonotum cracked where pinned), and is deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFF38ECDD0F1BFA76" box="[192,273,1415,1439]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
(4299).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FECF00A45FA2A" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" box="[199,1103,1450,1475]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FECF00F6FFA2A" bold="true" box="[199,357,1450,1475]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFF3FECF00F08FA2A" box="[199,258,1450,1475]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFE94ECF00C0FFA2B" box="[364,517,1450,1475]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Florida. Brevard: Georgiana (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFCA3ECF00DB0FA2B" box="[859,954,1450,1474]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="28.283333">28°17'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC3EECF00A49FA2A" box="[966,1091,1450,1475]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-80.675">80°40.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEC940D63F9BB" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFEFAEC940F63FA0E" box="[258,361,1486,1511]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95F855BFE03EC950CD5FA0E" box="[507,735,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Caenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virida">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFE03EC950C46FA0F" box="[507,588,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Caenia</emphasis>
|
||
[sic]
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFD64EC940CD5FA0E" box="[668,735,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">virida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95F855BFC53EC940AE4FA0E" author="Mathis" box="[939,1262,1486,1511]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Simpson, K. W. (1981) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: The genera Cirrula Cresson and Dimecoenia Cresson in North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 329, 1 - 51 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1981">Mathis and Simpson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9) is labeled “Brownsville, Texas, apr
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFE30ECA80C41F9E3" box="[456,587,1522,1547]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1920-05-12">12 may 20</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFDACECA80C90F9E3" box="[596,666,1522,1546]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
[red].” The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFCC1ECA80DAAF9E2" box="[825,928,1522,1547]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is deposited in the Ohio State University (Columbus); apparently it is the only extant specimen of the original
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFC6FEF4D0DE4F9C6" box="[919,1006,1559,1583]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Hine's original description also indicated that Charles Dury collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E95F855BFD90EF610CB5F9BA" box="[616,703,1595,1619]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series in 1903.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEF040D2BF973" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FEF040C43F99E" bold="true" box="[199,585,1630,1655]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFDA9EF050CD5F99F" box="[593,735,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFDA9EF050CD1F99F" box="[593,731,1631,1654]" name="Anguilla" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ANGUILLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sombrero
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFCA4EF040DAAF99E" box="[860,928,1630,1655]" name="Iceland" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC48EF040A2CF99E" box="[944,1062,1630,1655]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="18.586666">18°35.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFBCAEF040AA6F99E" box="[1074,1196,1630,1655]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-63.426666">63°25.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; freshwater pool),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFA78EF050F26F973" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1999-11-09" valueMax="1999-11-13" valueMin="1999-11-09">9– 13 Nov 1999</date>
|
||
, M. A. Ivie, J. B. Runyon (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFDA5EFD80C8BF973" box="[605,641,1666,1690]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFD47EFD80D1FF973" box="[703,789,1666,1690]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEFFD0A5DF8EE" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FEFFD0C24F957" box="[199,558,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFF3FEFFD0F2DF957" box="[199,295,1703,1726]" name="Belize" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Stann Creek District:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Carrie Bow Cay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFCEAEFFC0D67F956" box="[786,877,1702,1727]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-16.783333">16°47'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC85EFFD0DEEF956" box="[893,996,1703,1727]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-88.066666">88°04'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFC05EFFD0A79F956" box="[1021,1139,1703,1727]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1988-03">Mar 1988</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFAC3EFFD0B6AF956" box="[1339,1376,1703,1727]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFF6FEF900EE7F90B" box="[151,237,1738,1762]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Stewart Cay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFE48EF900C00F90A" box="[432,522,1738,1763]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-16.766666">16°46'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFDE6EF900C89F90B" box="[542,643,1738,1762]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-88.15">88°09'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFD67EF910D1DF90B" box="[671,791,1738,1762]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1988-03">Mar 1988</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (1♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFBD8EF900A7CF90B" box="[1056,1142,1738,1762]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Twin Cays (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFADFEF900B9DF90A" box="[1319,1431,1738,1763]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-16.83">16°49.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFF6FEFB40F1BF8EE" box="[151,273,1774,1799]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-88.10167">88°06.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Aanderaa Flats, West Pond),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFD9AEFB50CD9F8EE" box="[610,723,1775,1799]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1988-03">Mar 1988</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFC7CEFB50DA3F8EE" box="[900,937,1775,1799]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 19♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE95F855BFC0DEFB50A41F8EE" box="[1013,1099,1775,1799]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95F855AFF3FEE490DA4FF11" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEE490B1EF8C3" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" box="[199,1300,1810,1835]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FEE490F8BF8C3" box="[199,385,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFF3FEE490F1EF8C3" box="[199,276,1811,1834]" name="Cuba" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">CUBA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Hanana:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Puerto Escondido (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFDA6EE480CB3F8C2" box="[606,697,1810,1835]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-22.95">22°57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFD3DEE480D21F8C3" box="[709,811,1810,1834]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-82.4">82°24'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFCC7EE480DC5F8C3" box="[831,975,1810,1835]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1983-04-26">26 Apr 1983</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFB79EE480AACF8C3" box="[1153,1190,1810,1834]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95F855BFF3FEE6D0B45F836" blockId="78.[151,1437,1306,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFF3FEE6D0C66F8A7" box="[199,620,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFF3FEE6D0FA6F8A7" box="[199,428,1847,1870]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">CAYMAN ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Grand
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFDFFEE6D0C62F8A7" box="[519,616,1847,1870]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cayman</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bodden Town (
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95F855BFCD8EE6C0D7AF8A6" box="[800,880,1846,1871]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
|
||
E;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC6FEE6D0A06F8A6" box="[919,1036,1846,1871]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="19.291666">19°17.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFBEFEE6D0A98F8A6" box="[1047,1170,1847,1871]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-81.221664">81°13.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Meagre Bay Pond),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFA78EE6D0F0FF89B" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1993-04-29">29 Apr 1993</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFE42EE000FE1F89B" box="[442,491,1882,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">11♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 9♀; USNM); Hutland (
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95F855BFCFAEE000D31F89A" box="[770,827,1882,1907]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
W;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC93EE000DC3F89B" box="[875,969,1882,1906]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="19.35">19°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFC2EEE000A5BF89B" box="[982,1105,1882,1906]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-81.221664">81°13.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFB9EEE000AF2F89B" box="[1126,1272,1882,1906]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1994-04-29">29 Apr 1994</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Spotts (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFE6AEE250C0DF87E" box="[402,519,1918,1943]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="19.275">19°16.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFDEAEE250C84F87E" box="[530,654,1919,1943]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-81.31834">81°19.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFD5AEE240D39F87E" box="[674,819,1918,1943]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1994-04-25">25 Apr 1994</date>
|
||
, W. N. Mathis (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFC1DEE250A01F87E" box="[997,1035,1919,1943]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8♀; USNM); North Sound, Bobby Cay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFF2CEEF80F39F853" box="[212,307,1954,1978]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="19.3">19°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFEB8EEF80FAEF853" box="[320,420,1954,1978]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-81.3">81°18'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; light trap),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFDD7EEF80CB0F853" box="[559,698,1954,1979]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1938-05-06">6 May 1938</date>
|
||
, C. B. Lewis, G. H. Thompson (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFBDDEEF80A41F853" box="[1061,1099,1954,1978]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1♀; BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95F855BFB0DEEF80B97F853" box="[1269,1437,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Little
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95F855BFAC0EEF90B93F853" box="[1336,1433,1955,1978]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cayman</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
South Town (S coast;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFE76EE9D0FE7F836" box="[398,493,1991,2015]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="19.666666">19°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95F855BFE00EE9C0C7EF836" box="[504,628,1990,2015]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-80.085">80°05.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95F855BFD7FEE9D0D2AF836" box="[647,800,1991,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1938-05-30">30 May 1938</date>
|
||
, C. B. Lewis, G. H. Thompson (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95F855BFB70EE9D0AA7F836" box="[1160,1197,1991,2015]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 7♀; BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF3FE9C20DA4FF11" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF3FE9C20F97FF59" box="[199,413,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFF3FE9C20F3FFF46" box="[199,309,152,175]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Nayarit:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Isabel
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFE17E9CD0C39FF59" box="[495,563,151,176]" name="Iceland" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFDBBE9CD0CA9FF59" box="[579,675,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="21.85">21°51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFD56E9CD0D29FF59" box="[686,803,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="-105.88333">105°53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95E855AFCCEE9C20DC5FF59" box="[822,975,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1925-05-24">24 May 1925</date>
|
||
, H. H. Keifer (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E95E855AFB8EE9C20A96FF59" box="[1142,1180,152,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; USNM).
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFAE9E9C20B61FF46" box="[1297,1387,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Sonora:</emphasis>
|
||
San Carlos Bay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFEDDE9E60F8FFF3C" box="[293,389,188,213]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="27.933332">27°56'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFE69E9E60C09FF3D" box="[401,515,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="-111.05">111°03'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95E855AFDE0E9E60C9AFF3D" box="[536,656,188,213]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1921-07-08">8 Jul 1921</date>
|
||
, E. P. Van Duzee (1♀; USNM); San Jose Beach (
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95E855AFB47E9E60B08FF3C" box="[1215,1282,188,213]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mi" value="40.0">40 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE Obregon;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFF6FE9BA0EFCFF11" box="[151,246,224,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="27.466667">27°28'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE95E855AFEF9E9850F7FFF11" box="[257,373,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="-109.933334">109°56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE95E855AFE71E9BA0C2AFF11" box="[393,544,223,248]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1961-05-18">18 May 1961</date>
|
||
, H. Howden, J. Martin (3♀; CNC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95E855AFF3FE85E0AD6FDD4" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF3FE85E0AC7FEA9" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF3FE85E0F53FEF4" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(Map 24):
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFE1CE85F0C47FEF5" box="[484,589,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Nearctic:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFDA0E85E0CCBFEF4" box="[600,705,260,285]" name="Bermuda" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFD29E85E0D60FEF5" box="[721,874,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(California, Florida, Maryland, Texas Virginia).
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FE87D0F2FFEA9" box="[151,293,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Neotropical:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFED4E87D0F7CFEA9" box="[300,374,295,320]" name="Belize" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFE79E87D0FDDFEA9" box="[385,471,295,320]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Nayarit, Sonora), West Indies (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFCBAE87D0D8BFEA9" box="[834,897,295,320]" name="Cuba" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE95E855AFC74E8720A48FEA9" box="[908,1090,295,320]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sombrero).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF3FE8160F1EFE1D" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF3FE8160F8FFE8C" bold="true" box="[199,389,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE74E8160CCFFE8D" author="Mathis" box="[396,709,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Simpson, K. W. (1981) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: The genera Cirrula Cresson and Dimecoenia Cresson in North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 329, 1 - 51 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1981">Mathis and Simpson (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a detailed report on the natural history of this species, and their study should be consulted for more complete details. They successfully reared specimens from several localities along the coast of Virginia and noted that immatures and adults reached their highest densities where the habitat was partially dried, leaving algal mats on firm ground. Adults were collected commonly by sweeping over these mats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF3FE8A50AD6FDD4" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Unlike the larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFE48EB5B0C91FDF1" box="[432,667,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFE48EB5B0C9DFDF1" box="[432,663,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">Dimecoenia spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFCFDEB5A0D89FDF1" box="[773,899,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFCFDEB5A0D89FDF1" box="[773,899,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C. austrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have eight pairs of well-developed prolegs and the third-instar larva also has a dark transverse strap at the anteroventral margin of segment three.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |