184 lines
21 KiB
XML
184 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="9CAD7EB484B2E954E09C0C89080EA360" ID-CLB-Dataset="34608" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3493113-35ec-4c31-b7cc-b32cd9c717e2" ID-PMC="PMC4319052" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-478-45" ID-PubMed="25685010" ID-ZooBank="EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-478-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 478" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" checkinTime="1451244725713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Molineri, Carlos, Salles, Frederico F. & Peters, Janice G." docDate="2015" docId="40BB0378B353B371DE6A3DFABB03EAA2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 478: 45-128" docOrigin="ZooKeys 478" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" docTitle="Asthenopodes traverae Molineri, Salles & Peters, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFBFFF8FFFA98B3E3C274356FFB0EE6C" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1732718156974" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D656D2151E23C3E46C85E488BB35830D">Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A61050E513035938BE3ABF08D80B6FC9">Molineri, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE438B80B3CC30DA0E24C7194304C17A">Salles, Frederico F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7FB1082A1BD3815CC5A07E66883FEEB">Peters, Janice G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="933BEBEE51DC9C17F74166AAAE270B0E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="762582AC1D9046955815C0D484AFF57C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D004F56959190A1B2DF4A4511F2DA5DC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="40BB0378B353B371DE6A3DFABB03EAA2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058038" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40BB0378B353B371DE6A3DFABB03EAA2" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" scope_family="Polymitarcyidae" scope_order="Ephemeroptera" scope_subFamily="Campsurinae">
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<subSubSection id="C50BB33B27390CA640373D43FA14B323" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B020D9954F61D8E79198FD94760A1AB7" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<pageBreakToken id="ACBD87F07C1AA1E8A5244FE40AE4AD33" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F57BD475F3E2018BD7FEF6FA7A3A49E3" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BC3FFD8A3818921DB20653357A4296AE" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="A0689D180F949799373EC4A1D54CBAC9" LSID="http://zoobank.org/D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2262E726DA9BB3FEFB3E24A173018783" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 11
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<normalizedToken id="D4E7F4CECAFEC58C1F072984C77CE4F7" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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, 12
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<normalizedToken id="95FE0B52A0540B5D8E01C2E1D5A65A40" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 13B, D, F, 20C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86BC882B1714DC475064F4373E911DEE" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="12B69B9D264B25565608FE69C9DC6247" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="B58B523AD2AD52BAFFC0158D7C5062B3" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="genus">Asthenopodes</taxonomicName>
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sp. "females from Uruguay",
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<bibRefCitation id="2652BAF8DFE12F2E46F30E24B15CA1B8" author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67780433267E0B960009C3E10282EC87" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="material">
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<paragraph id="1D97462250390A16520F8F8BC383253B" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1DC75720718DD7A4C802CE512838700E" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Holotype (IBN) male and paratypes (IBN) 4 males and 22 females (slides IBN468-469CM) from ARGENTINA, Misiones, Parque Provincial
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<normalizedToken id="630A63E56F83C7F2B89EB87A0623F0CB" originalValue="Urugua-í">Urugua-i</normalizedToken>
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, Arroyo
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<normalizedToken id="9A3162E64BC9A35815DF5F7F2B32A399" originalValue="Uruzú">Uruzu</normalizedToken>
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, 7−11.xii.1999, C. Molineri col.; 1 female imago ("
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<taxonomicName id="CB881F4090585A76D3A3FFB851B2BE12" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="genus">Asthenopodes</taxonomicName>
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sp." Traver det.) from URUGUAY, Artigas (Uruguay 19), 9.i.1952; and 27 female adults from URUGUAY, Artigas, Sepulturas (D-3), 18.xii.1952, Carbonell col. Paratypes from Uruguay deposited in FCE-Ep.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844314039AE37BE33C4DA4AC9A1ACEE9" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Non-type material: 1 female (wings on slide) from BRAZIL, Sao Paulo,
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<normalizedToken id="3D930391F83547CEC99DABBD61EFB0F4" originalValue="Jacareí">Jacarei</normalizedToken>
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, rio Paraiba do Sul, 21.xi.1987, CG Froehlich et al. cols (deposited at MZSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="898AD42161555E44D01A6BC831F092D6" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E520C39DE86F39767F3BA503BD5D7C78" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34427BAFB86F390880FEE7741541D6D5" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Four autapomorphies characterize this species, all are small changes in continuous characters, except the marked shortening of the median remnant of styliger plate (at the middle, since laterally a tong-like projection is present, Fig. 12C).
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<taxonomicName id="66FE831B9C675DC8E3C05D98DEB882BF" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is known in the alate and egg stages, all females are subimagos even those that apparently have laid the eggs (empty females). This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) males yellowish white, females blackish; 2) FW length male 14.0-14.5 mm, female 15.5-22.5 mm, membrane yellowish hyaline; 3) male foreleg length 0.9-1.0 times the length of FW; 4) pronotum width/length ratio: 1.3-1.9 (male), 2.0 (female); 5) 16-22 marginal intercalary veins present on the entire margin of FW (also present in HW) generally longer than distance between longitudinal veins, fused to main veins, poorly anastomosed (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken id="DE7290215051082559E708FB4DA77310" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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); 6) male FW with 4 to 5 cross veins between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork; 7) ratio total length/basal width of forceps 4.7-4.9 (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="3BC6CC202819959FFD509A9D600D521F" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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); 8) median remnant of styliger plate posterolaterally expanded forming a pair of rounded projections, penes large and robust, sclerotized, curved and twisted (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="46CD8632D39DE8EFF24DFE3A28811AFF" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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); 9) female sternum VIII with anteromedian sockets well developed, whitish surrounded by a large brownish area (Fig. 13D); 10) egg caps small, much thinner than maximum width of the egg, formed by 5-6 filaments; medium-sized and small chorionic plates present (Fig. 13B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1E0EAA5B839017D708C4DE62BC31B92" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Male imago. Length (mm): body, 12.2-13.5; FW, 14.0-14.5; HW, 6.8-7.3; foreleg, 12.3-14.0; cerci, 35.5-38.5. General coloration yellowish white. Head shaded black dorsally almost entirely, with a pair of distinct submedian black marks anteriorly to median ocellus; occipital hind margin with pale median zone; head ventrally pale without markings. Antennae: scape and pedicel short, yellowish on venter of pedicel, both slightly shaded with gray; flagellum very thin, hyaline, similar in length to forefemur. Thorax. Pronotum translucent, shaded slightly with gray except on membranes separating anterior and posterior rings, darker laterally; pronotum width/length: 1.3-1.9. Meso- and metanotum yellowish white with gray markings mainly posteriorly but also on sutures. Thoracic pleurae and sterna yellowish white shaded gray only at base of coxae and wings. Legs. Forelegs: coxa dorsally whitish with a gray mark, ventrally yellowish; femur dorsally yellowish shaded gray on apical third, ventrally whitish; tibia whitish translucent shaded gray mainly on dorsum; tarsi translucent shaded slightly with gray; large claws, stalk with brown inner margin, rest whitish; articulations between femur-tibia and tibia-tarsus very sclerotized, brownish. Middle and hind legs yellowish, shaded with gray from half of femur to apex of leg. Wings (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken id="64CB52C30A75295495892194C9FFDE09" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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). Membrane hyaline slightly tinged with gray on costal and subcostal sectors (membrane yellowish under transmitted light); all veins light gray, lighter toward hind margin; 5 cross veins between R stem and M sector; long marginal intercalaries on hind margin of both wings. Abdomen yellowish white widely shaded with gray, some darker marks as follows: submedian short anterior dashes and sublateral oblique stripes on terga
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<normalizedToken id="2700E31736E9C25AC24FE7318E2F8BE8" originalValue="III–VIII">III-VIII</normalizedToken>
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, lateral margins of terga
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<normalizedToken id="2013543E27338A0386C45CCFAF347B27" originalValue="VIII–IX">VIII-IX</normalizedToken>
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, and median line of
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<normalizedToken id="88C823ADEDBF7CABCB9EC15EE60423AE" originalValue="IX–X">IX-X</normalizedToken>
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(thinner on X). Abdominal sterna whitish except gill sclerites yellowish white. Genitalia (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="C0902FDDFC48F36CFED01A4EC1C3F27B" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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): lateral margins of sternum IX and pedestals yellowish; median remnant of styliger plate whitish with a gray strip on hind margin between the tongue-like projections (
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<normalizedToken id="5DF6AFD52CB615AC0732A1E24D81948E" originalValue="“Ll”">"Ll"</normalizedToken>
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Fig. in Fig. 12D); pedestals well separated from each other, relatively long and becoming wider distally; forceps whitish, long and wide; base of penes well developed, subquadrate, whitish; penes strongly sclerotized, orangeish basally but yellowish distally. Cerci whitish, terminal filament reduced to 7-8 thin annuli, straight, whitish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63806065D3FC8575179FCE9981A10033" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Female subimago. Length (mm): body, 9.5-19.0; forewing, 15.5-22.5; hind wing, 7.5-11.5; cerci 3.5-4.0. General coloration dark brown shaded widely with black. Head black dorsally, yellowish white ventrally except on remnants of tusks, brownish. Antennae dark brownish except apical half of flagellum whitish. Thorax. Sclerites dark brown, membranes shaded black. Pronotum width/length: 2. Legs brownish except membranous portions, whitish. Wings (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken id="BD2266B11DCFB8F5F12F64165B1ADE98" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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) with yellowish brown membranes and veins, veins C and Sc darker. Abdomen. Terga dark brown completely shaded black; sterna paler, brownish laterally, yellowish medially, with two or more pairs of small pale dots; sternum VIII with two small anteromedian sockets (Fig. 13D). Caudal filaments brownish, terminal filament shorter than tergum VIII, cerci 0.3-0.4 times the length of the abdomen (0.2 the length of FW).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86A1BC88F794980073B19007FC9C2FD7" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Eggs (Fig. 13B). Length, 305-355
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<normalizedToken id="AFD0D75DB670652F1A7B192A3570E57F" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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; width, 195-225
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<normalizedToken id="E676E6150F2A55278BD40BB537B08522" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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. Two small polar caps (maximum width, 70-82.5
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<normalizedToken id="1E62110A6B0FE62113D94976AA346070" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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) formed by 5-6 long coiled threads. Chorionic surface smooth with regularly spaced chorionic plates. Chorionic plates (
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<normalizedToken id="75A439A5DC8FE118EAA385F1A7D4AABF" originalValue="“disk-like”">"disk-like"</normalizedToken>
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structures) relatively small and rounded, with irregular margins. Smaller plates, irregular in form scattered between the larger ones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="340FA2BEDEE271532E0FF8448E2668CE" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="57E685E364C85AEDE72DF2F2D3190E27" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F107F9D06397D7EAF250BADCFA003A70" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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The species is dedicated to the great mayfly specialist Jay R Traver, who visited Uruguay and worked with Mr. C. S.
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<normalizedToken id="7FC93B91DB7BA2F8762D46DCA475DDC8" originalValue="Carbonell’s">Carbonell's</normalizedToken>
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collections at the "Museo de la
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<normalizedToken id="6AEF450653397C5E95DC35C413EA88C1" originalValue="República”">Republica"</normalizedToken>
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recognizing the females of this species as distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="16436409C26AC568997688E800C53901" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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(also unknown at that time).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5999D9895D2678B3BAA877ACFB202F96" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="49CDDEB50FF349CE73268B19D5DE8304" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8D0F9ACBA958C7ECA5ACB03FCBD85D2" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Parana biogeographic subregion in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4EB4FC1F34E8CCA84570EF49F16D7211" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="biological remarks">
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<paragraph id="F341C1334FD23929052A0FB869B2FFFB" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Biological remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4BFE8D07E3BD8E1BF6211A1FCC1E7E5" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Females subimagos were collected (in Misiones Province) while swarming in compact groups at about 3 m above water in pool areas around sunset. The same behavior was reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="B17336B6F8014CC85DC1DFC01508FFC3" author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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for the Uruguayan females. Males were caught at light traps during the first hours of dark, so the male flight is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8CE3275BBDF8C20F6A6A9732B6E0140" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9954E52D154147B41549A64E9108456A" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5032D2288B18E12E860C1AFB4C3C02EE" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<bibRefCitation id="8F8887485C9523831BFD9C6FCE62DBF3" author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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described females of
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<taxonomicName id="90716247F0E5296F2496CE7A86CEC87B" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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as distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="75A8F6ECCE860F406140BF6B6DEA29F5" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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in spite of the fact that the female of that species was also unknown at that time. Nevertheless Traver realized that they differ from
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<taxonomicName id="706C66F4465D7976F7E834BF4D713A7D" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
|
||
males in color and size, and left them unnamed. With the collection of new material from both species (and sexes) in Misiones (Argentina), it became evident that they constitute a new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28C35BB60A06EBD5C421581EAEB01BFC" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
|
||
females can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD9DCA3469DF56F1A6CDD922757BFA8E" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
|
||
females by their black general coloration, somewhat slender forewings, femora and cerci widely shaded with black, and enlarged abdominal gill sclerites (remnants of nymphal gill muscles insertions), for other differences see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B745F7F83A056C839154723CC853E1" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Very similar in aspect but much smaller are the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9410BF9D61677C2E6C5869132EAC1C0F" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes chumuco" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="chumuco">Asthenopodes chumuco</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the allopatric sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0F66E27CF8DFC96C1F31AE88E9E4EE7" genus="Asthenopodes" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |