379 lines
50 KiB
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379 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25238" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4259d046-58b3-4a83-b76f-1880ee51b8d1" ID-PMC="PMC6803357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-880-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" ID-PubMed="31649481" ID-ZooBank="EFFE7128E4A242F684CE0BDDD5E0A447" ModsDocID="1313-2970-880-43" checkinTime="1571094687158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jiang, Zhen, Liu, Jianing & Qin, Daozheng" docDate="2019" docId="5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 880: 43-59" docOrigin="ZooKeys 880" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810" docTitle="Pochazia shantungensis Chou & Lu 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" masterDocTitle="Sperm ultrastructure of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu) and Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae) with phylogenetic implications" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732848726167" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8BD3608A2FBCB1F8E5C37361014443BF">Sperm ultrastructure of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu) and Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae) with phylogenetic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7E633057F52826795C92FE0602AB9C2">Jiang, Zhen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A461270CC4CD671D05EA698EE209915B">Liu, Jianing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="456449BCCDB76BE6F77215B27C29A984">Qin, Daozheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="39FBB0BED1FB0B1620B83B5BB7F0698F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="37466563BB762B7F78568661799232A5">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="34947ED15EA96E210AB6768847C13158">880</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DF26246CF2BCC4CA91E06F0D75728C1F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2DF4A3D4D20748B99320C15C643CF1B4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159709676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" scope_family="Ricaniidae" scope_order="Hemiptera">
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<subSubSection id="7561D92C6F22D24D1506E31D70E1510D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="18E8462F1374951641BE9BF7B0C7831D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="D807A2801EAEF92B0163053BED8DA38C" ID-CoL="8KC97" LSID="5804BA4F-6A42-5552-B3FD-23F12459D9A2" authority="Chou & Lu, 1977" authorityName="Chou & Lu" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Ricaniidae" genus="Pochazia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pochazia shantungensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shantungensis">Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2337641B43E8F33026B1724918FE9B4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3AEC7AA3E8AF5E7F1C4FB960A3C894B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="23604E0DA44E5F392CEF855FC01E6A2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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The mature spermatozoa of
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<taxonomicName id="B35A63D1B822F2E9A9AD266B1D6E36BE" lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
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<emphasis id="9D69942C16EA217700DF67824FB105C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are held together (totally 128 spermatozoa per spermatodesm) in the form of coiled sperm bundles in the seminal vesicles. Anterior ends of heads are embedded in a homogenous matrix that forms the spermatodesmata (
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<figureCitation id="E32483D7BB3F28E40B4330D63D50A2AF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1A, B, D</figureCitation>
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). The spermatozoon is long and filiform when it is separated from the bundles and exposed to a 0.9% saline solution (
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<figureCitation id="359DC8E1D395DE4F257F4F7E7F9634D4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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). It is approximately 127
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<normalizedToken id="B65986435C0BB289124E0D8ECEA2E3C9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in mean length and has an elongate single head (about 16
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<normalizedToken id="4CD70542194CCDBDC1ACB30652D66E3C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) and a conventional single flagellum (about 111
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<normalizedToken id="8C61BDC60F44BE30F716F75CA9ADB42F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7F03AAC423E46C69A49FC2F9F9A9C13C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="03C353271AF9FC8DFBCD907246DB8C79" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="5C141D7F448944FC4FE379335923AEDB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of
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<taxonomicName id="B123A9792A7C6C3EF2DD8D3910FB72EF" lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
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<emphasis id="68137D2B74E1C104C4442FC2ED4FB4BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="97727A5C1E0CBEB68D6E9FB111450C35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, B</emphasis>
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Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa
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<emphasis id="3A69694EC2D90F6F238C7D423C6366AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
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light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (
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<emphasis id="A9139DEF981D47C5A843F2E0CD9B9E76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
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, arrow) and wavy
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<normalizedToken id="BA11C3BED765FB61B0A3FA7D81BBE2E8" originalValue="flagellum">flagellum</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis id="0D7E6E9F7C56C49856F2417FAFE535E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="AA5E4AB45B7F7372DC778A9D458563BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D, E</emphasis>
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TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (
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<emphasis id="F62CCEA4028C431C006F2F60080923DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
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) and nucleus (
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<emphasis id="49A3C0388397DDB3D561ABB9A2E27FCA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
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). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20
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<normalizedToken id="06C1007DD09FC7E91CE6F64CA07CB73A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis id="1FC34C93142F170DFD03F7DA66262B50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<normalizedToken id="DC8416A6918FF00CA3C897E19E8E18A7" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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); 2
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<normalizedToken id="7B129D6DFC8F762CE60883339DF101CB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="D59DACE2595857524211B9935D3802C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
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); 0.5µm (
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<emphasis id="907849E527358F09C55F76454B4C51D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="713391C2D466EF1D402185944E200B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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The head is formed by the nucleus and the acrosome. The acrosome has an irregular saccular acrosomal vesicle and a perforatorium, both located anterior to the nucleus (
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<figureCitation id="FC59474AC90FBB6DF39603BBFF2A318F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EAEFF8D6EF9FD49E628FA44FEB4D45FA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">2A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9DA3AF50F9C03C442567A48F423CC733" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">3A, B</figureCitation>
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). Between the base of the perforatorium and the anterior portion of the nucleus is a noticeable transition (
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<figureCitation id="D1C3503A5DC47AB4B2A62D205A78F8D1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8DA0AB2196619BB3B5DF663C924E3561" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9CA110EE0D24D60AA0930B09397D974E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
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3
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<normalizedToken id="4DBA3F505F854E49F526E613E04670F8" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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). The acrosome gradually invaginates posteriorly to form a subacrosomal space in which the anterior part of the elongated nucleus is inserted (
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<figureCitation id="3F5E26CE4837D4CDE6C1C1966CC403FF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="881B9143F19C976866E0FE598FBD8C68" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">3C, D</figureCitation>
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). The nuclei, different in shape (
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<figureCitation id="C8E0BE530950ECD1ED87F0186ECCBEC6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F21F301D3B65F9E908C33D40E84B5AA9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
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3
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<normalizedToken id="6597E3B1A38D771FC9990E7A215FDD17" originalValue="B–N">B-N</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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), are full of homogeneous condensed chromatin and are separated from each other by a cell membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4099C27B773D99AEAA45B8AEB6837A43" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovoid nucleus measures approximately 0.94
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B34CDFE32E8547E098BAF6820985427" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter in cross-section; in longitudinal-section, it turns into a cylinder-shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3E1C4E7DFE34F98AB493AE9426F6B77D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6D841517BB6EEA70FE788D80B8044FD4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="14BA65183277429974AE858B2334EDF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5001019A1DC9D4FC35AEDAA5961DE45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25F0E5F748E41E65CE53F5EBC488BCED" lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DF6D89AA5173FF5FC02C7C898B1F6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB711FD27223AFBC38854FEAB3D1F049" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (
|
||
<emphasis id="D2304E765D5970F859CD42DCEEE24EEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
), nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis id="FC554BF5271729ED248FD35C2F801834" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus
|
||
<emphasis id="1AB8939ACF4FD1A95DA39820C48248F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B8292301F708BDE24CDEA491357A73BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis id="C26F905D31E1369270B68FB40C626193" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), accessory body (
|
||
<emphasis id="798D487C8C8628A66D70057A45F00CFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis id="D2DD17C4FCFC07FB3C7CCE5D498790D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct
|
||
<emphasis id="ADDB9C856BE0FE24C507283DA7FF45E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis id="609EE457080AF8B472E2E2D1C6DFD454" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis id="126A4166A02006FF1536F1390BAC6D79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EADE8859E5CA2BF58689DEF0D1B4F9F4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="12D957D5D00DBC974AC0096F116FBDDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B74482D4F8F409F174E1DF2E445816E5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="DC7C7EAAEA74FAF6057479B4F09066EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3E258BC5CB3222DA4391733B6F4647F3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9FCD2E0A88D9A153BCD932DA7B0FA15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C, E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1508C69DD4F5E4E3B232E849421F7F8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The nucleus-flagellum transition region has a centriole and centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D02AF834D81AFC4EB27BD99DA1564630" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centriole starts near the terminal incurvation of the nucleus and terminates anterior of the axoneme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2E31428BC11D236C726EBBD0822F4F8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); it is parallel to the moderately electron-dense centriole adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C5791C6DF6B7B3F033FD9A579CFC0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centriole adjunct contains dense granules between the accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivatives in longitudinal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68B53D4F9D4D7616E28056BA058B2991" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); in cross-section the centriole adjunct arises near the end of the nucleus and terminates anterior to the mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AE57D2CD0953868B9838C7419634EEB0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5336A8CBE122F8E2280DD860B2F9AA2C" originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nucleus is wrapped by the centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="23F8D1E3933958D33FB4D6C29CB8FC10" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8AB111E0C09AE6EA1DAE6A7DCAF2806" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A57B636F78E62C7BE5377B1215480D52" originalValue="I–M">I-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In several transverse profiles of spermatozoa, the posterior nucleus region overlaps the different regions of accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80B72CA8D7955655EDA12EA352A1791A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0BB74F98C9AAE2BB11512691EE2D527B" originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9CFDCBC32EFB680061011B773DB03586" doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0B6D09B42CB434BBD4FE20664D5F43B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE2A712E6E916BD4F4C5A81BCD29BA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cross-sections of spermatozoa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC8639E3698CA9E91DD37A578CB0CDA5" lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="71A5353F458C40C0E4E0C9F4ABA14C28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3131FFFFEB370EE6E0D042EC3A1FD603" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome
|
||
<emphasis id="9C5ED6C2C6A5A02058AEC29C1116B66B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="14B26D2AE50D1A1A22CCBD1BFBDC1CC1" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (
|
||
<emphasis id="562B536A571BF0221E6C0C806F29F4ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
), the nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis id="3DB572EA0FDEB977807DFC8D318EFE44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), and the plasma membrane (
|
||
<emphasis id="2C2228F101DE05156099EC5D823EAAB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">pm</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D492F4F4C75FE66A8C7EFE256CF478" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
oval nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B23FA60246F9F48C2982A7D28F6F71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="E9AF179B53DE04EB4A9155939D86399F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7082098612EA1B4ED82E7E0E9AB3E365" originalValue="G–N">G-N</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis id="17CD9EDE8DECE4F6253EDA92C29BECCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis id="FF409AD064C66C211387511DFE66D371" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis id="416FA293D31365CF4D9353EBF8CC43BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis id="BEFCC3BF6AB42CE8FDDBD86230A18D43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<emphasis id="D511304843F1E4C82CCD485D43B556EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ca</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9807F0D46A0B713A23797E852BD045FB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="6D8EDDBE20C03225341DB71A6542A3CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B050123E5AB3782D9DD2402A8B3D3C74" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07983581DA22A1E3AC494157D4FD5E2F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18EA194F744CFE634BD1C15F5301F739" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, K, L, N</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B20C038FE0740114EB04F8C99E83045C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B0D25739211EE5144F34E0141F6C3950" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC986F14F4738C712836EE6D38457D49" originalValue="E–J">E-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
, M
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="12E6EF93EA89689AAC16D3E2B5F20EAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The flagellum region contains an axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFCD70339B2FCDF4F299641F3AC470C7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="244F7D1F9352CE6634948A17817ADF8C" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); they are parallel to each other throughout most of the length of the flagellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7096A359DDC38B305563474AFF6A270E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="414E894C5C5E63FF133FC02B563E4CFE" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The axoneme arises from the centriole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E086576CB5B95BA9BF2E3D6A9CE7A9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is composed of two innermost microtubules, nine outermost accessory microtubules, and nine doublets, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 microtubules arrangement in insects (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8835874B6973FE76CB3B183498F4B2A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mitochondrial derivatives and accessory bodies are symmetrical in size and diameter in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5388899E0A104BF4F5E8EAF4C402F68" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C1764170B1AC2C09F52FB7AA6A59F08" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each mitochondrial derivative is made up of one serrated electron-dense area, one small oval electron-lucid portion and one mitochondrial cristae region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B5F5D55F09C1B9194AA62D3225E039" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In longitudinal-section, the mitochondrial derivatives are positioned lateral to the axoneme and are initiated near the extreme base of the centriole adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="370DA4E0913A5A210B4A4940D50A2D8C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34CE154D74533A60918182ECD37686BA" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cristae are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, bearing regular intervals (42 nm) between adjacent derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7580F8922F6DD4DEBD34D3EE3176BC8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The accessory bodies are fishhook-shaped; they originate from the centriolar adjunct between the axoneme and mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9897731B3358A34D25E398F658EB9B8E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1BCD9FBDED220C9EEC8720B2039824A0" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED0FEF195CDB9D211ED00B1B190BD220" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Close to the posterior sperm tip, the axoneme becomes disorganized step by step, and the accessory bodies gradually taper to a cone-shape, while the mitochondrial derivatives disappear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE4C2B882BC30AFA36121500CEC35C3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the terminal region of the flagellum, the doublet microtubules are the last to disappear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2E222A62889CE514C0A8A20DCAF58F4" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B535F1FE9751224DA9406A1AEEAF0EFB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="E27E21962AB619FD82692461BE27F797" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="F510C8A2B4435B89EFE61739C77942B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6EC6C2C582B12E8B5C29A39366EF654" lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CE7DC7E83195CFEE5912A68EB2B0810" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DB20678086B70D5944BE810801B5420" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB81DE92BCF6C2B23B4D0018C369FD5C" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Flagella, showing axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5F69B3E5E7DD9185E895F95480F527D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis id="2189C3BDEA86D8762A29DC73385A470A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis id="F8FB356F94AC30E9CE88DD47A1A3DAEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), containing oval lucent region (
|
||
<emphasis id="3F000D6A5801DDB21229102A6CE94AB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">1</emphasis>
|
||
), serrated electron-dense region (
|
||
<emphasis id="1B943B14847090293E5B233DDB5C4937" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">2</emphasis>
|
||
) and mitochondrial cristae region (
|
||
<emphasis id="3540D6A9AA277FD9E09090FCA58EFFEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">3</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AEA2754B6FD570985E7EAAA12F86412A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B8678087E029D13B7F58E2F6593F971" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (
|
||
<emphasis id="8E7B57819F65AEA7B6A7622DF57E71D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
) become disordered, accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis id="D0E34251C71C05F8C2C83CCC4B44094E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
) become smaller
|
||
<emphasis id="E066EE5EE72C6732964E65B60681C7BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
|
||
axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis id="7E2E3BB0C634021C1EE310BEB26FEC3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">am</emphasis>
|
||
), nine doublet microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis id="3078C41AB13A1A6401933B2F79BCC542" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">dm</emphasis>
|
||
) and two innermost central microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis id="26F7F95B9E13C112CB4160B70992EF4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">cm</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="24ECB771E149EA08EF4CE9674F2076C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
|
||
Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1567EC5B99B91780674EA8F44B0ACFC4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="690E16BFEAF50A5BBBA2ED151705DBA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B8BFB25613B009A70538F9D6E4AD3C5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BB8854EFC81C89735DB967B5447BA653" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B324F48B9BCA91797BA9D62E4C02A13E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C2ADDEC87881D438500D215A8C35D691" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A2B0EEFC7BB46F7B359159F89CA8941" originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |