treatments-xml/data/03/F9/44/03F94452DD28FF9AFF44E9D1FC896053.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="DBD05E4F-4AE9-4139-B002-E38A668271E1" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="18" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1679051816422" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. &amp; Brown, George G." docDate="2023" docId="03F94452DD28FF9AFF44E9D1FC896053" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5255.1.22.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5255 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ocnerodrilus Eisen 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="262" masterDocId="FFC03C2ADD33FF81FFD3EA27FF90677A" masterDocTitle="New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata)" masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="235" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1679051931215" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bartz, Marie L. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Municipal Center for Culture and Development (CMCD), Centre for Organic and Regenerative Agriculture, Zona Industrial, 6060 - 182, Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal. &amp; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Brown, George G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira, km. 111, Colombo, PR, Brazil, 83411 - 000.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-15</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F94452DD28FF9AFF44E9D1FC896053" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F94452DD28FF9AFF44E9D1FC896053" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<subSubSection box="[151,548,1014,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,548,1014,1041]" box="[151,548,1014,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,548,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,548,1014,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
Genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1878" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[238,548,1014,1041]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,398,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Ocnerodrilus</emphasis>
Eisen, 1878
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,745,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1086,1833]" box="[151,745,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,309,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1087,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1878" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[316,745,1087,1113]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis box="[316,606,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Ocnerodrilus occidentalis</emphasis>
Eisen, 1878
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1086,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,1122,1148]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: The diagnosis of 
<bibRefCitation author="Righi, G." box="[554,703,1123,1149]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" pagination="89 - 106" refId="ref21810" refString="Righi, G. (1994) On new and old-known Oligochaeta genera from Parai´ba State, Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 89 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79901" type="journal article" year="1994">Righi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
is still valid after the description of the present species. It is summarized as follows: setae lumbricine, dorsal pores absent, biprostatic or quadriprostatic, with male pores near prostatic pores in 17/18 or joined to prostatic pores in xvii; Holandric, metagynic, adiverticulate spermathecae in ix. Gizzard absent, calciferous glands paired in ix with a central cavity surrounded by lengthwise lamellae of varying depths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1086,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1303,1329]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Remarks</emphasis>
: Spermathecae, male organs, including prostates and male pores may be absent in some species with parthenogenetic reductions. Some species have smooth inner walls of the calciferous glands. There are 29 nominal species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[378,526,1375,1401]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[378,526,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Ocnerodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least 12 of which are probably synonyms of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[1099,1271,1375,1401]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis box="[1099,1271,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Gates, G. E." box="[1290,1431,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" pagination="13 - 28" refId="ref20568" refString="Gates, G. E. (1973) Contributions to North American earthworms (Annelida) No. 7. Contributions to a revision of the earthworm family Ocnerodrilidae IX. What is Ocnerodrilus occidentalis? Bulletin of the Tall Timbers Research Station, 14, 13 - 28." type="journal article" year="1973">Gates, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[151,341,1411,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" refId="ref20072" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2006) Cosmopolitan earthworms - an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the world. Kippax, Australia: VermEcology." type="book" year="2006">Blakemore 2006</bibRefCitation>
): 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1893" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1893" box="[360,634,1411,1437]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="beddardi">
<emphasis box="[360,493,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. beddardi</emphasis>
Eisen, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1893" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1893" box="[644,949,1411,1437]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guatemalae">
<emphasis box="[644,809,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. guatemalae</emphasis>
Eisen, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1893" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1893" box="[959,1227,1411,1437]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hendriei">
<emphasis box="[959,1086,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. hendriei</emphasis>
Eisen, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1893" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1893" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonorae">
<emphasis box="[1237,1361,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. sonorae</emphasis>
Eisen, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1898" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1898" box="[223,574,1447,1473]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="calwoodi">
<emphasis box="[223,362,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. calwoodi</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1898
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[586,757,1447,1473]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis box="[586,757,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“ 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1900" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1900" box="[777,926,1447,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" rank="variety" variety="arizonae">
var. 
<emphasis box="[828,926,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">arizonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” Eisen, 1900, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1900" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1900" box="[1097,1396,1447,1473]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis box="[1097,1251,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. mexicanus</emphasis>
Eisen, 1900
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1900" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1900" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="comundui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. comundui</emphasis>
Eisen, 1900
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1900" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1900" box="[422,695,1483,1509]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[422,548,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. sinensis</emphasis>
Eisen, 1900
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Gates, 1945" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1945" box="[708,1003,1482,1509]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tenellulus">
<emphasis box="[708,854,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. tenellulus</emphasis>
Gates, 1945
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Chen &amp; Hsu, 1975" authorityName="Chen &amp; Hsu" authorityYear="1975" box="[1066,1432,1482,1509]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis box="[1066,1203,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. asiaticus</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Hsu, 1975
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Gates, G. E." box="[151,295,1519,1545]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" pagination="13 - 28" refId="ref20568" refString="Gates, G. E. (1973) Contributions to North American earthworms (Annelida) No. 7. Contributions to a revision of the earthworm family Ocnerodrilidae IX. What is Ocnerodrilus occidentalis? Bulletin of the Tall Timbers Research Station, 14, 13 - 28." type="journal article" year="1973">Gates (1973)</bibRefCitation>
further considered that 
<taxonomicName authority="Cognetti, 1904" authorityName="Cognetti" authorityYear="1904" box="[558,856,1519,1545]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sabanae">
<emphasis box="[558,684,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. sabanae</emphasis>
Cognetti, 1904
</taxonomicName>
should be considered 
<emphasis box="[1101,1342,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">species incertae sedis</emphasis>
because the calciferous glands are not adequately characterized, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1898" box="[829,967,1555,1581]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="calwoodi">
<emphasis box="[829,967,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. calwoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be placed in synonymy because it might represent the sexual lineage from which the asexual lineage(s) may have been derived. However, that was based on then-current concepts about species status and the appropriateness of naming parthenogenetic groups. Ideas have since changed and in consideration of the morphologically distinct status of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1898" box="[1054,1190,1663,1689]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="calwoodi">
<emphasis box="[1054,1190,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. calwoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it should be removed from synonymy. Fragoso &amp; Brown (2007) also called attention to the need for further revision of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[1241,1389,1699,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1241,1389,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">Ocnerodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and closely related genera, considering the discovery of several new species found by 
<bibRefCitation author="Righi, G." box="[1066,1210,1735,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" pagination="9 - 31" refId="ref21698" refString="Righi, G. (1984) On a collection of Neotropical megadrili Oligochaeta I. Ocnerodrilidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19 (1), 9 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528409360641" type="journal article" year="1984">Righi (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and Righi &amp; FraileMerino (1987), as well as the need for additional sampling, particularly in Central America, where the supposed amphimictic population of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" box="[455,624,1807,1833]" class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Ocnerodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="262" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis box="[455,624,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="262">O. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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