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<mods:title id="72B907D39E43517EDFB7629967DD6BB7">Description of two new species of Psyllaephagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Phacopteron lentiginosum Buckton (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a leaf gall-former of Garuga pinnata Roxburgh (Burseraceae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35910AB5115011200C9FCDB57F0FC16" box="[151,450,875,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC43205115011200C9FCDB57F0FC16" blockId="1.[151,450,875,902]" box="[151,450,875,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0B4F44C5115011200C9FCDB57F0FC16" bold="true" box="[151,450,875,902]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011200C9FCDB57F0FC16" ID-CoL="74H5" ID-ENA="1522669" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[151,450,875,902]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011200C9FCDB57F0FC16" bold="true" box="[151,450,875,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011200C9FCDB5777FC15" bold="true" box="[151,325,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Psyllaephagus</emphasis>
Ashmead
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35910AB5115011200C9FC0552E8FC5B" box="[151,1242,946,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC43205115011200C9FC0552E8FC5B" blockId="1.[151,1242,946,968]" box="[151,1242,946,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011200C9FC055434FC5B" ID-CoL="74H5" authority="Ashmead, 1900: 382" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="382" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,518,946,968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011200C9FC055719FC5B" box="[151,299,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Psyllaephagus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE2653151150112016EFC055434FC5B" author="Ashmead" box="[304,518,946,968]" page="382" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED151150112016EFC0557E1FC5B" author="Ashmead" box="[304,467,946,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Ashmead, W. H (1900) On the genera of chalcid-flies belonging to the sub-family Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 22, 323 - 412." type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 382
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011202FFFC0455D2FC5B" ID-CoL="39Q4M" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" box="[673,992,946,968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachypsyllae">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011202FFFC0455B7FC5B" box="[673,901,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Encyrtus pachypsyllae</emphasis>
Howard
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35910AB5115011200C9FC4257C7FBEA" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC43205115011200C9FC4257C7FBEA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011200C9FC425723FB9D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1013,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body generally bright metallic green to dark greenish blue; legs generally pale, except some coxae and sometimes some areas of femora and tibiae darker; wings hyaline; forewing marginal vein punctiform; mandibles with one or two teeth and a broad truncation; hypopygium not extending more than two-thirds length of metasoma. Primary parasitoids of psyllids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35910AB511501120099FB3254CDF8B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC4320511501120099FB32525EFB52" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120099FB325709FB0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1157,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
Generic synonymy was dealt with in detail by (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120338FB32526DFB0E" author="Noyes" box="[870,1119,1157,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Noyes, J. S. &amp; Hayat, M. (1984) A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 48, 131 - 395." type="journal article" year="1984">Noyes &amp; Hayat 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120433FB3152C4FB0E" author="Hayat" box="[1133,1270,1157,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Hayat, M. (2006) Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Published by M. Hayat, Aligarh, U. P., India. 496 pp." type="book" year="2006">Hayat 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The genus is classified in
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A351150112017AFB1E5792FB52" box="[292,416,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
, tribe Trechnitini Hoffer and subtribe Metaprionomitina Hoffer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4320511501120099FB7A5422FA72" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F35403B0511501120099FB7A5733FB76" box="[199,257,1229,1253]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
is bestowed with a rich
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A3511501120246FB7A5489FB76" box="[536,699,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120246FB7A5489FB76" box="[536,699,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Psyllaephagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diversity in various climatic zones, but it is very scantly investigated and thorough survey work in the rich areas of the Northeast and the Western Ghats may result in many new species. Presently only the following ten species, excluding the two newly described here, are known —
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A351150112057AFAA257F7FAC2" authority="Prinsloo, P." authorityName="Prinsloo, P." class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
<emphasis id="B9379F3251150112057AFAA2570CFAC2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Psyllaephagus africanus</emphasis>
Prinsloo,
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011201EDFA8D57F7FAC2" box="[435,453,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a i z a w l e n s i s Singh,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011202F5FA8D524CFAC2" authority="Shafee, Alam &amp; Agarwal" authorityName="Shafee, Alam &amp; Agarwal" box="[683,1150,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aligarhensis">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011202F5FA8D5560FAC2" box="[683,850,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. aligarhensis</emphasis>
Shafee, Alam &amp; Agarwal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011204D5FA8D5348FAC1" authority="Hayat" authorityName="Hayat" box="[1163,1402,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011204D5FA8D531EFAC2" box="[1163,1324,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
Hayat
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011205D9FA8D541FFAE6" authority="Singh &amp; Agarwal" authorityName="Singh &amp; Agarwal" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrohomotomae">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011205D9FA8D5752FAE6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. macrohomotomae</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Agarwal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A3511501120266FAE955EEFAE6" authority="Singh &amp; Agarwal" authorityName="Singh &amp; Agarwal" box="[568,988,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesohomotomae">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120266FAE9553DFAE6" box="[568,783,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. mesohomotomae</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Agarwal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011203B9FAE952E7FAE6" authority="Singh" authorityName="Singh" box="[999,1237,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mycopsyllus">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011203B9FAE952B9FAE6" box="[999,1163,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. mycopsyllus</emphasis>
Singh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A3511501120481FAE95773FA0A" authority="Sushil &amp; Khan" authorityName="Sushil &amp; Khan" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phylloplectrae">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120481FAE953AEFAE6" box="[1247,1436,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. phylloplectrae</emphasis>
Sushil &amp; Khan
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A3511501120112FA3554BEFA0A" authority="Sushil &amp; Khan" authorityName="Sushil &amp; Khan" box="[332,652,1409,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solanensis">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120112FA3557EEFA0A" box="[332,476,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. solanensis</emphasis>
Sushil &amp; Khan
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A3511501120299FA3552B9FA0A" authority="Singh &amp; Agarwal. Some" authorityName="Singh &amp; Agarwal. Some" box="[711,1163,1409,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tekeddyensis">
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120299FA355542FA0A" box="[711,880,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. tekeddyensis</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Agarwal. Some
</taxonomicName>
important references on the genus from
<collectingCountry id="F35403B0511501120110FA1257BAFA2E" box="[334,392,1445,1469]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
are those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED151150112027DFA125538FA2E" box="[547,778,1445,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Shafee, S. A., Alam, S. M. &amp; Agarwal, M. M. (1975) Taxonomic survey of encyrtid parasites (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in India. Aligarh Muslim University Publications (Zoological Series) on Indian Insect Types, Vol. 10, iii + 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article">
Shafee
<emphasis id="B9379F32511501120227FA11549FFA2E" box="[633,685,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. (1975)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120347FA125208FA2E" author="Singh" box="[793,1082,1445,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Singh, S. &amp; Agarwal, M. M. (1993) Taxonomic studies on Indian encyrtid parasites (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from northeastern region. Aligarh Muslim University Zoological Publications, Indian Insect Types, Vol. 14, 180 pp." type="book" year="1993">Singh &amp; Agarwal (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120417FA125379FA2E" author="Sushil" box="[1097,1355,1445,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Sushil, S. N. &amp; Khan, M. A. (1995) Two new species of Psyllaephagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from northern India. Journal of Insect Science, 8, 20 - 23." type="journal article" year="1995">Sushil &amp; Khan (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120504FA1256D3FA72" author="Singh" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Singh, S. (1996) Two new species of Psyllaephagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) attacking Mycopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) infesting Ficus religiosa in Mizoram, India. Oriental Insects, 30, 155 - 166." type="journal article" year="1996">Singh (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120146FA7D5790FA72" author="Hayat" box="[280,418,1481,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Hayat, M. (2003) Descriptions of two new species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from West Bengal, India. Zoos' Print Journal, 18 (11), 1239 - 1242." type="journal article" year="2003">Hayat (2003</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120199FA7E5436FA72" author="Hayat" box="[455,516,1481,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Hayat, M. (2006) Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Published by M. Hayat, Aligarh, U. P., India. 496 pp." type="book" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4320511501120099FA5A54CDF8B6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120099FA5A5768F996" author="Singh" box="[199,346,1517,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Singh, S. (1996) Two new species of Psyllaephagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) attacking Mycopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) infesting Ficus religiosa in Mizoram, India. Oriental Insects, 30, 155 - 166." type="journal article" year="1996">Singh (1996)</bibRefCitation>
arranged the Indian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4338A35115011202E3FA5A5552F996" box="[701,864,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Psyllaephagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379F325115011202E3FA5A5552F996" box="[701,864,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Psyllaephagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two informal groups. Species in “Group A” are characterized by a large body size (female length
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, male length
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); female metasoma longer than mesosoma with last tergite long and V-shaped, hence metasoma appearing pointed; outer plate of ovipositor without notch; male antenna with shape of scape and flattened flagellum variable, but setae on flagellum short, less than half width of respective funicle segment. Species in “Group B” are generally smaller (female length
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, male length
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); female metasoma at most equal in length to mesosoma and with last tergite crescent shaped, hence apex of metasoma appearing blunt and rounded; outer plate of ovipositor with a deep notch at the outer distal margin; male with antennal scape normal and funicle segments cylindrical with long wavy setae longer than width of respective funicle segment (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23ED1511501120232F8BA54C0F8B6" author="Singh" box="[620,754,1805,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Singh, S. (1996) Two new species of Psyllaephagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) attacking Mycopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) infesting Ficus religiosa in Mizoram, India. Oriental Insects, 30, 155 - 166." type="journal article" year="1996">Singh 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>