223 lines
26 KiB
XML
223 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="5D4C93AAB409410923AF6018E8862C46" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274559" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95be8ece-0676-4e15-872e-05801c9edf88" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274559" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459989944134" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanborn, Allen F., Phillips, Polly K. & Gilllis, Philip" docDate="2008" docId="03B5FE0FFF9B783DFF08FD6BFAD8F8D2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01916p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1916" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tibicen tibicen subsp. tibicen Linne" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF8C8677FF907836FF9FFFACFFB0FFED" masterDocTitle="The Cicadas of Florida (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698232610416" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CB19EFD1248AA00BC08C13FDA299CD00">
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<mods:title id="61BF45D2204805EA89BC1E4FA30993D3">The Cicadas of Florida (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EDF38B92CB439578E480F8A402A234C9">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="777E8FDC2C41663AB780B935D71F4E6F">Phillips, Polly K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AEC06BD5E356BDCB598EFFA6F45C385">Gilllis, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B7C329646974E7D360BA4B73515114C5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="32F00D2BD73D2C222669BE4320042B15">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="00677618A796020D19AA50A98567612A">
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<mods:date id="C8F45479A84774717E45174C1A1310D6">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D765B3D54A2E249144306CA6C73B9B53" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AB77E716824A6853110923F00EC06DF7">1916</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BCA2A0F2BB3A7B32A9E533320E1C00D4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274559</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2823D778E0AD2946704064639D0660B7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B5FE0FFF9B783DFF08FD6BFAD8F8D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6229408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119379923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6229408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5FE0FFF9B783DFF08FD6BFAD8F8D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5FE0FFF9B783DFF08FD6BFAD8F8D2" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3061C92FF9B783DFF08FD6BFD46FD0C" box="[151,758,711,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FD6BFD46FD0C" blockId="11.[151,758,711,738]" box="[151,758,711,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0EBF875FF9B783DFF08FD6BFD46FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,758,711,738]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FD6BFD46FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,758,711,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FD6BFDB6FD0C" ID-CoL="8HFYP" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linne" box="[151,518,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tibicen" subSpecies="tibicen">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FD6BFE12FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,418,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tibicen tibicen tibicen</emphasis>
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(Linné)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs. 73, 130–138)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3061C92FF9B783DFF08FCBEFCD5FC64" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FCBEFB4FFCA4" blockId="11.[151,1436,786,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FCBEFE78FCC4" authority="Linne, 1758" authorityName="Linne" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,456,786,809]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibicen">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FCBEFE86FCC4" box="[151,310,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cicada tibicen</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFEDFFCBEFE78FCC4" author="Linne" box="[320,456,786,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Linne, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Edito duodecima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, Sweden, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linné, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF9B783DFE4AFCBEFDBAFCC4" box="[469,522,786,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: unknown. The collection locality of the
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF9B783DFBACFCBEFB25FCC4" box="[1075,1173,786,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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was unknown to Linné (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFF51FC9EFED9FCA4" author="Sanborn" box="[206,361,818,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (2008) The identity of Cicada tibicen Linne, (= Tibicen chloromerus (Walker, 1850 )) (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Entomological News, 119, 227 - 231." type="journal article" year="2008">Sanborn 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF9B783DFEE5FC9EFE55FCA4" box="[378,485,818,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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male is in the Zoological Museum of Uppsala University (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFBC6FC9EFB44FCA4" author="Sanborn" box="[1113,1268,818,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (2008) The identity of Cicada tibicen Linne, (= Tibicen chloromerus (Walker, 1850 )) (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Entomological News, 119, 227 - 231." type="journal article" year="2008">Sanborn 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FCFEFD99FC84" blockId="11.[151,1436,786,937]" box="[151,553,850,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C6837FF9B783DFF08FCFEFD99FC84" box="[151,553,850,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FCFEFD95FC84" ID-CoL="a4b10866-13bb-4eee-854c-da0db488fcf6" authority="Walker 1850: 43" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,549,850,873]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Thopha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloromera">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FCFEFEDAFC84" box="[151,362,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thopha chloromera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF9B783DFEEEFCFEFD95FC84" author="Walker" box="[369,549,850,873]" page="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1850">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFEEEFCFEFE4DFC84" author="Walker" box="[369,509,850,873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Walker, F. (1850) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, British Museum Trustees, London, 1, 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1850">Walker 1850</bibRefCitation>
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: 43
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FCDEFCD5FC64" blockId="11.[151,1436,786,937]" box="[151,869,882,905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FCDEFE83FC64" box="[151,307,882,905]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibicen">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FCDEFE83FC64" box="[151,307,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cicada tibicen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[nec Linné],
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFE5CFCDEFDE8FC64" author="Howard" box="[451,600,882,905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Howard, L. O. (1901) Suborder Homoptera. The insect book. A popular account of the bees, wasps, ants, grasshoppers, flies and other North American insects exclusive of the butterflies, moths and beetles, with full life histories, tables and bibliographies. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 429 pp." type="book" year="1901">Howard 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: Plate XXVII, Figure 20.
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3061C92FF9B783DFF08FC3EFAD8F8D2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FC3EFBD3FC44" blockId="11.[151,1436,786,937]" box="[151,1123,914,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C6837FF9B783DFF08FC3EFBD3FC44" box="[151,1123,914,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FC3EFEA6FC44" box="[151,278,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayi">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FC3EFEA6FC44" box="[151,278,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cicada sayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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= nom. nov. pro
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFE53FC3EFD1DFC44" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[460,685,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFE53FC3EFDCFFC44" box="[460,639,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cicada pruinosa</emphasis>
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Say
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</taxonomicName>
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(in part),
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF9B783DFC87FC3EFBEFFC44" author="Smith" box="[792,1119,914,937]" page="121" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFC87FC3EFB9AFC44" author="Smith" box="[792,1066,914,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Smith, J. B., & Grossbeck, J. A. (1907) Studies in certain cicada species. Entomological News, 18, 116 - 129." type="journal article" year="1907">Smith & Grossbeck 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 121
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF08FC76FE08FB81" blockId="11.[151,1437,986,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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This species is commonly known as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFDCBFC76FC0CFC19" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[596,956,986,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloromerus">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFDCBFC76FCF7FC1E" box="[596,839,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tibicen chloromerus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFCC6FC76FC0CFC19" box="[857,956,986,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Walker, T. J. (2008) Species of cicadas commonly heard in North Florida. In: T. J. Walker and T. E. Moore, Singing Insects of North America. Available from http: // buzz. ifas. ufl. edu / c 700 fl 1. htm (accessed 22 January 2008). Wild, P. (1852) (Sur les moeurs de la Cicada septendecim). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (2) 10, xviii - xix." type="journal article">Walker)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Sanborn (2008) identified a
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF9B783DFA81FC76FAC9FC19" box="[1310,1401,986,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF08FBAEFE15FBF1" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linne" box="[151,421,1026,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibicen">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF08FBAEFEF5FBF6" box="[151,325,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cicada tibicen</emphasis>
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(Linné)
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</taxonomicName>
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which turned out to be the same species that Walker described.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFB36FBAEFA2CFBF6" box="[1193,1436,1026,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloromerus">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFB36FBAEFA2CFBF6" box="[1193,1436,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tibicen chloromerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF57FB86FEA2FBAE" box="[200,274,1066,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayi">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF57FB86FEA2FBAE" box="[200,274,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. sayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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become junior synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFDF7FB86FD64FBAE" box="[616,724,1066,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibicen">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFDF7FB86FD64FBAE" box="[616,724,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. tibicen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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since Linné’s species has priority over the species of Walker and Smith & Grossbeck.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF5AFBD6FCE9F99A" blockId="11.[151,1437,986,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Adults first emerge in late April and can be heard singing until late October or early November. The most common collection dates are in July and August. The song lasts less than 20 sec and is described as exhibiting a vibrato due to amplitude modulations of the call produced at a rate of 10–14 sec -1 with a major energy between 2 and 8 kHz (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFE05FB59FD9FFAE2" author="Moore" box="[410,559,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, T. E. (1966) The cicadas of Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 51, 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="1966">Moore 1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFDA5FB59FC88FAE2" author="Alexander" box="[570,824,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D., Pace, A. E., & Otte, D. (1972) The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entonologist, 5, 33 - 69." type="journal article" year="1972">Alexander et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFCDCFB59FC5AFAE2" author="Sanborn" box="[835,1002,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (1990) Endothermy in cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 149 pp." type="book" year="1990">Sanborn 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFC6AFB59FB78FAE2" author="Daniel" box="[1013,1224,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Daniel H. J., Knight, C., & Charles, T. M. (1993) Predicting species by call in three species of North Carolina cicadas. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 109, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Daniel et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The song is similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFEA9FAB2FE26FADA" box="[310,406,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnei">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFEA9FAB2FE26FADA" box="[310,406,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. linnei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but is longer and the vibrato is produced at a slower rate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFBC9FAB2FB06FADA" box="[1110,1206,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFBC9FAB2FB06FADA" box="[1110,1206,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. linnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFB5AFAB1FE23FAB2" author="Moore" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, T. E. (1966) The cicadas of Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 51, 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="1966">Moore 1966; AFS personal observation</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been described as starting slowly, rising to a rapid “zing” and then subsiding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFF00FAC1FE9CFA6A" author="Davis" box="[159,300,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1918) Mississippi cicadas, with a key to the species of the southeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 26, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1918">Davis 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFEA6FAC1FEC7FA6A" author="Davis" box="[313,375,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1922) An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia with description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 30, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFE1AFAC1FE74FA6A" author="Davis" box="[389,452,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1926) The cicadas or harvest flies of New Jersey. State of New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 97, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A sonagram of the call can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFC29FAC1FB31FA6A" author="Alexander" box="[950,1153,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1956) A comparative study of sound production in insects, with special reference to the singing Orthoptera and Cicadidae of the eastern United States. Ph. D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 529 pp." type="book" year="1956">Alexander (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFB10FAC1FB7DFA6A" author="Alexander" box="[1167,1229,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1960) Sound communication in Orthoptera and Cicadidae. In: Lanyon, W. E., & Tavolga, W. N. (Eds), Animal Sounds and Communication. American Institute of Biological Sciences Symposium Series Publication, 7, 38 - 92." type="journal article" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFB7CFAC1FA2CFA6A" author="Sanborn" box="[1251,1436,1389,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (1990) Endothermy in cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 149 pp." type="book" year="1990">Sanborn (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFF56FA39FD86FA42" author="Elliott" box="[201,566,1429,1455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Elliott, L., & Hershberger, W. (2006) The songs of insects. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 228 pp." type="book" year="2006">Elliott and Hershberger (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Calling behavior is heaviest in the morning and continues throughout the day as long as they are able to maintain a minimum body temperature to call (Sanborn 2000). The species is associated with bushes and tall weeds in swampy areas but may also call from trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFBE7FA49FAF1FA12" author="Froeschner" box="[1144,1345,1509,1535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1952) A synopsis of the Cicadidae of Missouri (Homoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 60, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1952">Froeschner 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFAD2FA49FF65F9CA" author="Moore" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, T. E. (1966) The cicadas of Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 51, 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="1966">Moore 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFF7EF9A1FE52F9CA" author="Alexander" box="[225,482,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D., Pace, A. E., & Otte, D. (1972) The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entonologist, 5, 33 - 69." type="journal article" year="1972">Alexander et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; AFS personal observation).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFCA6F9A1FC7DF9CA" author="Davis" box="[825,973,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1922) An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia with description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 30, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="1922">Davis (1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFC46F9A1FBA5F9CA" author="Davis" box="[985,1045,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1926) The cicadas or harvest flies of New Jersey. State of New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 97, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found the species ovipositing in golden rods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFEABF99AFE2CF9A2" box="[308,412,1590,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFEABF99AFE2CF9A2" box="[308,412,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Solidago</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), sumach (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFDC4F99AFD26F9A2" box="[603,662,1590,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFDC4F99AFD26F9A2" box="[603,662,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), and asters (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFCEFF99AFC1EF9A2" box="[880,942,1590,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFCEFF99AFC1EF9A2" box="[880,942,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.). The females have been reported to prefer to oviposit in dead twigs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFD8CF9F1FD2FF99A" author="Davis" box="[531,671,1629,1655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1926) The cicadas or harvest flies of New Jersey. State of New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 97, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">Davis 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF9B783DFD35F9F1FCFCF99A" author="Beamer" box="[682,844,1629,1655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="19" refString="Beamer, R. L. (1928) Studies on the biology of Kansas Cicadidae. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 18, 155 - 263." type="journal article" year="1928">Beamer 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF9B783DFF5AF92AFAD8F8D2" blockId="11.[151,1437,986,1855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFF5AF92AFE7EF972" box="[197,462,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tibicen" subSpecies="tibicen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFF5AF92AFE7EF972" box="[197,462,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tibicen tibicen tibicen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected in 13 Florida counties: Alachua, Bay, Duval, Escambia, Jackson, Jefferson, Levy, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, St. Lucie, and Seminole. It has been collected in the Southeastern Plains and Southern Coastal Plains ecoregions. Its absence from the Everglades is surprising considering its association with swampy habitats. The distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFC4BF952FB29F8FA" box="[980,1177,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tibicen" subSpecies="tibicen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFC4BF952FB29F8FA" box="[980,1177,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. tibicen tibicen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF9B783DFB4CF952FF03F8D2" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tibicen" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF9B783DFB4CF952FF03F8D2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. tibicen australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 73) overlap significantly. This suggests the validity of the subspecies needs further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |