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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="3095" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="871ae7d8-51c7-4943-a73c-b7aa0ca4708c" ID-PMC="PMC8671718" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-186-53" ID-Pensoft-UUID="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" ID-PubMed="34975275" ModsDocID="1314-2003-186-53" checkinTime="1638850649788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko &amp; Dorr, Laurence J." docDate="2021" docId="F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 186: 53-72" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 186" docPubDate="2021-12-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" docTitle="Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" masterDocTitle="Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1732740932930" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="65D0B37193F9FC4C271F330161A12DC4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1E59DED702D45309692AE69818BF6180">
<mods:title id="7458C0B47549EDC1BBEDA35D732AD8C3">Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7E9CDD1E66A1A5D131B0BE874BCDFDDF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8B05947FFD0FB7E8C613C2EDEB789013">Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D048908846728268E3CB019BA8C78E4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-0707</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0DBB47BDF81511113F076EE309F6601A">Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco - UNIVASF, Colegiado de Ciencias Biologicas, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56300 - 990, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Ciencias Florestais, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA6BEFF74FEDD14450DEED13D54B690E" type="email">jef.sobrinho@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4F110FBFB1B63C7BDAB27F5DBF379E38" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C16629ACE2AF5183475C3C9506E15B5F">
<mods:roleTerm id="0FFD9769978A216E3E8D2EA1FB33B7F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5A600FDADE2A6F1EA353C6CB594F904B">Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D3762F3F42A5978EFA8B4E6D8DEC29B4">Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes - UMC, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia, Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, 08780 - 911, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="238B1ECA3F494468C3DA800E636532A6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CBC2E081FDA843C64FEC106840B10D80">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FF51BB7937F8C583A3E209040ACA2B5F">Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EFDDF73B3412F34EBC4E195226C00A7F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-363X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8E1295FC771EF14A16EFF1D502821849">Department of Botany, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="C824ED2C6BD687381A9D664F84197B67">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1914C16FF1C65247202BE4FB2057A79F">
<mods:date id="5E35AAAC1153F19E1E0D9038F091C2B9">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A34C47CD813228FC665077B0E8AF6F3C">2021-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EF26F4DD38F37A603815FDF38544F2D8">186</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8544C3E378CCCB00A2E1E38B279192BE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9980038E23595C22761C37C64FE51250">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B90AA197143DA4B61D067A379DB62CC3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ECFAADF8CD7D27A423A54EDD59176693" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-186-53</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191162267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Bombacoideae">
<subSubSection id="8EBA7119EA01CAC4078C8C7597A58ABE" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="71856AA0F018C3B2BF689B69615EBC46" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="34E16B5F9E02A80D29A07ED2DEF3F3AB" ID-CoL="4BPCN" LSID="F1B99D7C-E4C5-5693-8EE9-9E9A874181BF" authority="Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." authorityName="Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCCC7E06BE3DA40EE347E366CF0CBB1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="95E11D8F01B961385C77E52FC88B686D" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<figureCitation id="6A59A79934FD97F51C10D6B47DAB3788" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Epitype of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (US barcode 00636701)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0DFF09EF9596CCC874B536C45B6BA9F3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachira species A P. aquatica fruit B P. duckei fruit C P. endecaphylla leaves and flower D P. glabra leaves and flower E P. retusa habit F P. retusa leaves and fruit. Photographs A, D J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho B C. E. Zartman C B. A. S. Pereira E M. C. Machado F L. P. Queiroz." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617644" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">, 2A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="685ACE19B2F70160ED9FA106C19BA544" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="52CE7DA58967F2AC312157FF09BCBBF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="3C87131604920CB7BA64E905EA583554" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea princeps" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="princeps">Carolinea princeps</taxonomicName>
L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 314. 1782 [1781], nom. illeg. superfl.
<taxonomicName id="EC1204E837507054BABC9D49CBDFB6BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinea">Pachira carolinea</taxonomicName>
Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 1, 3: 84. 1802, nom. illeg. superfl.
<taxonomicName id="3F7B7FD04FEED4A846516B2519542C1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax aquaticum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquaticum">Bombax aquaticum</taxonomicName>
(Aubl.) K. Schum., in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="148D6E679407DA6926B7851A9ED3A747" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="2A4920730C388A87215A53A1F496AE8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea pompalis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pompalis">Carolinea pompalis</taxonomicName>
Moc. &amp;
<normalizedToken id="2999E8D40B33AC68878A1222052C8EA8" originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
ex DC., Prodr. 1: 478. 1824, nom. nud., pro syn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EC12EA2DA11E5D856FADFF60AC2721E" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="50AFAF2906194F7917FF2BF5CC19FD5B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Pachira grandiflora</taxonomicName>
Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 12, tt. 3, 4. 1827.
<taxonomicName id="3953D8BB62788B3185F34FAC88D23532" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Carolinea grandiflora</taxonomicName>
(Tussac) Spach, Hist. Nat.
<normalizedToken id="162F8A852454043E05529DB258F44BE8" originalValue="Vég">Veg</normalizedToken>
. 14: 206. 1847 [1848]. Type:
<normalizedToken id="64F43EA31C207D0FF764BBFEFE64DD76" originalValue="“Antilles.”">&quot;Antilles.&quot;</normalizedToken>
Lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="4A042EC603A0ADA5B4C09AD3F6285535" author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
: Tussac (1827, t. 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4608331D66E514E1D91E9E7EC96C94C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="7E5EE46B4BFCC4A67D70935C9B246955" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Carolinea macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
Schltdl. &amp; Cham., Linnaea 6: 423. 1831.
<taxonomicName id="9DEB2171572FB35E0FD5D1AE97A70586" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Pachira macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
(Schltdl. &amp; Cham.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1(2): 329. 1842.
<taxonomicName id="C31EB4BEA1F733DCA979F397F6343393" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira longifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">Pachira longifolia</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Mag., ser. 3, 6: t. 4549. 1850, nom. illeg. superfl.
<taxonomicName id="47B16BFD80E2703169DF309C0773858D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax macrocarpum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Bombax macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
(Schltdl. &amp; Cham.) K. Schum., in Engler &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895. Type: Mexico. Veracruz, Papantla, Feb 1829 (lf, fl bud), F. Deppe &amp; C.J.W. Schiede 1312 (lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="41E42F8F9FAC000A9F1689D2E6ECA2E7" author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
: BM barcode 000645670 [s.n.]; isolectotypes: HAL barcode 0098398, HAL barcode 0128027 (2 sheets), HAL barcode 0128028 [s.n.] (2 sheets), LE n.v., W n.v.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56D660C6565670099EDEEE2BCA7E593E" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="C60B04746C9CE567A2BCFE250F3BEB18" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea lovisa-carolina" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lovisa-carolina">Carolinea lovisa-carolina</taxonomicName>
L. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Linn. Herb.: 52. 1912, nom. nud.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="753F2A46AA9D1D55DC94BEA30F48972C" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A552B9593DF79DD27F865D7501412E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="0D3304580492A429D256D6951575DD45">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="316A3A80026C48F661261F815911E3F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation id="6BC85368EB0A72B0AC5D981828CFBF64" collectingDate="1991-10-18" collectorName="F. Aublet, S. A. Mori" country="US" elevation="5" latitude="4.7933335" location="French Guiana. Tour de l'Ile River" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.37722" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
French Guiana. Cayenne, 1775 (lf),
<emphasis id="A1C5EDDE1405D30DD10494BD392B78BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="928B4B69D6D288ACCB8E3CC736066C71">F. Aublet</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="96E45E2F97EA7907F2FAC3E86BC67650">lectotype</typeStatus>
, as
<normalizedToken id="D1270479547F132E68AB520D88672F11" originalValue="“holotype,”">
&quot;
<typeStatus id="51DD7B546E9E59FD69C344A2E9CB08D1">holotype</typeStatus>
,&quot;
</normalizedToken>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="B214AB05A24FA67538D4BEFB89802503" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns 1963</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 238, 242: BM barcode 000645671). Epitype:
<location id="68A6FF2A71B0B03830767CDBC7295C3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1B99D7CE4C556938EE99E9A874181BF:68A6FF2A71B0B03830767CDBC7295C3B" country="US" latitude="4.7933335" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.37722" name="French Guiana. Tour de l'Ile River">
French Guiana. Tour de
<normalizedToken id="2EF792A19876DE5ED6D13C80E62E66D4" originalValue="l’Ile">l'Ile</normalizedToken>
River
</location>
,
<quantity id="9A4D194AFB1A0BD3E6AD79C0CED068F3" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="FA4772CBA99AC9DE807EAE4BFFA87182" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0-10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3370505DCB6BE97622EBD48EE649961D" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="4.7933335">04°47' 36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5E2E04E84FC4234FF39C0435BF78994C" degrees="052" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-52.37722">052°22' 38&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="E6A674C5D8BA32CF4EC7A5F25DDE68FE" value="1991-10-18">18 Oct 1991</collectingDate>
(lf, fl),
<emphasis id="65373F7A9AB72D9FB2C4B3420872583A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="D48A027A467E30FA34544387434AE5AB">S.A. Mori</collectorName>
</emphasis>
et al.
<emphasis id="D8CF93C98B77AA28091C55EA9E974D2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">22126</emphasis>
(epitype, designated here:
<collectingCountry id="8519F9A099D46F220D1A78CD45EF24DA" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
barcode 00636701; isoepitypes: CAY barcode 155330, NY barcode 402480)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E6CFF98D65606BB3DA001EB24D4C733" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="notes">
<paragraph id="DD8CF025142FEEDF70A44D67C9B8FC2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DC6161987D239D074450EE31F0BA752" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<bibRefCitation id="39028B62013545999949E6FFE76A29D8" author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
typified several names that are synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="537CEBF7149A9E6213A5276BE58E3A96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="3A558479ADC1F0D4F455D966E9E70801" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but omitted mention of
<emphasis id="3AD1D0E40897362F29C56516443B6B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomina nuda</emphasis>
. Despite their lack of nomenclatural standing, these
<emphasis id="BDEE59955EEFA005BDE890632D852FC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomina nuda</emphasis>
associated with
<taxonomicName id="56E2C88E46EC7D77F96D59E6EDC30E5D" lsidName="P. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="055CDD11C5BEC36991E9DB58ED295A31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do appear in standard indices (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A25BF04E8162586C547099FDDF5DA586" author="IPNI" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="https://www.ipni.org" refId="B21" refString="IPNI, 2021. International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org" title="International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens." url="https://www.ipni.org" year="2021">IPNI 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="ACBF0FE10B3A00736B7DB8942A396D44" author="Tropicos" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="Tropicos.org" refId="B39" refString="Tropicos, 2021. . Tropicos.org" title="." url="Tropicos.org" year="2021">Tropicos 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and we include them to clarify their identification. Likewise, we discuss two names typified by
<bibRefCitation id="396AD7255D5A89C83D4F56269FD2DFE0" author="Yoshikawa, VN" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B45" refString="Yoshikawa, VN, Duarte, MC, Ferreira, CDM, in press. Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." title="Typification of names in Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and a new combination and new status from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica." year="in press">Yoshikawa et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
in order to clarify their synonymies and bibliographic citations that are confused in standard indices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCFC989E83EE5BEA105F939ADB88517C" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
The lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="E8A9189680A37E35CA985C54105DAD1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="900F84A82120A6FEDFEA8D19DE09D6DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists solely of detached leaflets and a sterile twig. Consequently, a flowering collection from French Guiana is designated here as an epitype (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3B1746A2B2073E54F7CC8983110DC54C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Epitype of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (US barcode 00636701)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="50DDEA9F924A1126485605B78E6576D8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5762128" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/617643" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="C9D4610BA28C06526F9866744DFB75D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="9A622525227710E2F375BCE05A8BA4BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Epitype of
<taxonomicName id="41DB64B0A7DDBE63C9D7AA0061AA64E3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira aquatica" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="237606356D2A50A43EFDD0CE364EACE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Aubl. (US barcode 00636701).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="940CA5260FF8FA0FA5784B3EED27BA24" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
&quot;
<emphasis id="DA823BA653975C2F1F146B01227BC02D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="3FB50E1DD104AAB6C2FA6645B973AB5D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea pompalis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pompalis">Carolinea pompalis</taxonomicName>
fl. mex. ic. ined.
</emphasis>
&quot; was cited originally as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="690A8DD443C6DAC2BC313BB5CC0F17ED" lsidName="C. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="24790F53F663FCD5E45542B608AB55B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">C. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sims (≡
<taxonomicName id="6CA23A37B951E0F181A86B698B6F91D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira minor" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="AF1FE401A123D8F62FC8A8CCB757086A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sims) Hemsl.).
<bibRefCitation id="09433776088655E0C3A4A199472B8A04" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns (1963)</bibRefCitation>
did not agree with this interpretation and placed the
<emphasis id="A7813C960E46E242F66C54E12DA0ACB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">nomen nudum</emphasis>
among his &quot;
<emphasis id="9CE51EE64675CB849AF7565E9C1C65E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Species dubiae incertae sedis</emphasis>
.&quot;
<bibRefCitation id="D77A754E72C33BD5710A776813C28B24" author="McVaugh, R" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B24" refString="McVaugh, R, 2000. Botanical results of the Sesse &amp; Mocino Expedition (1787-1803) VII. A guide to relevant scientific names of plants. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh." title="Botanical results of the Sesse &amp; Mocino Expedition (1787 - 1803) VII. A guide to relevant scientific names of plants. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh." year="2000">McVaugh (2000</bibRefCitation>
, p. 88) discussed the sources of the material that
<bibRefCitation id="4AE5F48E999CF3B8320D1157D218C1B6" author="De Candolle, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B10" refString="De Candolle, A, 1824. Bombaceae. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel &amp; Wuertz, Parisiis [Paris], 475-480." title="Bombaceae. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 1. Treuttel &amp; Wuertz, Parisiis [Paris], 475 - 480." year="1824">de Candolle (1824)</bibRefCitation>
examined, which included a plate in G (see F neg. no. 30513) and presumably another illustration now in the Torner Collection (Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation accession No. 6331.0864; see also No. 6331.1977). These images depict
<taxonomicName id="4766EADF77755F25C6459EDFF9C6971F" lsidName="P. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="16BB688BAB6F079AA9558917DE028969" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs in Mexico and South America.
<taxonomicName id="45A231DCBD83F99429B4EB0FF9D840B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira minor" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="C06BBDCAAB9244328C294FF92E435917" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to South America, which was not visited by the
<normalizedToken id="E19E237D18DBCC8619F9009A89D0ADDA" originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="692FFF89F26FF856289B26915547A8E5" originalValue="Mociño">Mocino</normalizedToken>
Expedition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5BEDF02524798FFE3C072E3E8482D3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Several indices (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="C755AE036927B95533448CCF32257FB3" author="IPNI" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="https://www.ipni.org" refId="B21" refString="IPNI, 2021. International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org" title="International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria &amp; Libraries, and Australian National Botanic Gardens." url="https://www.ipni.org" year="2021">IPNI 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B5E69056547467A26DD3E1205A89CAE9" author="Tropicos" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" publicationUrl="Tropicos.org" refId="B39" refString="Tropicos, 2021. . Tropicos.org" title="." url="Tropicos.org" year="2021">Tropicos 2021</bibRefCitation>
) state incorrectly that the combination
<taxonomicName id="9DF0FDB453C6551DF124CC17C12694B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="BF927E256318DC322E5D1293FD5432E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tussac) Spach was made in 1834, but
<bibRefCitation id="14977A24CCDAFF9E5AB93F0CE28F5F27" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" author="Spach, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B32" refString="Spach, E, 1834. Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 3. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" title="Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 3. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44839" year="1834">Spach (1834</bibRefCitation>
, p. 426) did not then definitely associate the epithet &quot;
<emphasis id="FA4FBB0E6DB8D33AD3B51B3C6D1085B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">grandiflora</emphasis>
&quot; with the genus
<taxonomicName id="CA2572CC73E98067021842CF8157EB4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="597783CCD79E076E89154B01CD3F798B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stating simply
<normalizedToken id="6C34F59A7FD49E0FBB0B2437F42C0102" originalValue="“Carolinéa">&quot;Carolinea</normalizedToken>
de Tussac. -
<taxonomicName id="3E85E27633FE1664EFCA1FE327D046E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="D33E7DC4D10D33FC24469ED2944B14FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tussac&quot; (see
<bibRefCitation id="1E37BCEBDCCD9570C946F2B0291F79B7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B40" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Art. 35.2). The combination was made in 1847 in an index to the larger work when
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE038BBE342437C550BDA7ED875842" author="Spach, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B33" refString="Spach, E, 1847. [1848] Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 14. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." title="[1848] Histoire naturelle des vegetaux: Phanerogames, vol. 14. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." year="1847">Spach (1847</bibRefCitation>
, p. 206) wrote &quot;[
<taxonomicName id="A69BD359C07051C0AD8B95543BAF6838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carolinea</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="ACCBBFD1A9E5477183DFB37D9ECADE98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea grandiflora" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Carolinea grandiflora</taxonomicName>
, Tuss. .. [Vol.] 3 [Pag.] 426&quot;: the volume and page numbers providing an indirect reference to the basionym (see
<bibRefCitation id="842FD605DF6762A57F8B5EEE24231F3B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B40" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Art. 41.3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4A752DBE8027D12B614672A816F7FE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="07DDC307EFFCE6C2E3D6AF50C350E96C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="844D327EA77C6EE7D6239CBB17EE7FD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Mexican material cultivated in Berlin. The protologue gives the type locality as &quot;
<emphasis id="BC2AAF2B6A4865E9D13E902CC12F0D1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Ad ripas fluminum et rivulorum Papantlensium et Tecolutensium</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="29D2662EBC7B819428292B08443E5D2A" genus="Papantlae" lsidName="Papantlae" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3D2EEC987CAF080FF693E86DF8F9F06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Papantlae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.&quot;
<bibRefCitation id="5114F7163F829069168BDB3AAA1EBDFA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns (1963</bibRefCitation>
, p. 239) selected &quot;
<emphasis id="EA3430F7F8C05F5DF58085D66E00D5FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Schiede</emphasis>
et
<emphasis id="8E34B4BA694D3F618360A2DF67A919E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Deppe</emphasis>
1312&quot; as
<normalizedToken id="A8214409DE09F49588C63679B6549BAD" originalValue="“typus”">&quot;typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
and he cited specimens at BM, LE and W, but not HAL. The labels on the HAL specimens, however, suggest the collecting combination may have been &quot;Deppe &amp; Schiede&quot; and not &quot;Schiede &amp; Deppe.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E56D6CFF34ABC7FD851B827B912134B" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="D1091823617F0A86756295A469F6534F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira longifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
<emphasis id="C410C3A41E65CFE5E34D14ED963526CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira longifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a superfluous name for
<taxonomicName id="C9E0C5A5EB705D9D14287BA3EBC75591" lsidName="P. macrocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="48AFCC37260A809D0A9B4E6790C16336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(≡
<taxonomicName id="0B4715FDD51D69A4BC6756CE46458A85" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Carolinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carolinea macrocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="F850E545377E3F40DAC6C99BD6154C5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Carolinea macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The epithet of this superfluous name is often miscited as &quot;
<emphasis id="CE5DB47400D0CB945BB5950B3DBB9C44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">longiflora</emphasis>
&quot; (see e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="2357FE250D7EB2E896C9F063C530919B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns 1963</bibRefCitation>
; Alverson in
<bibRefCitation id="2EEAAF8D5BE66DC9A36D189A41C56F90" author="Berry, PE" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B3" refString="Berry, PE, Yatskievych, K, Holst, BK [Eds], 1997. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 3. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis." title="Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 3." volumeTitle="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis." year="1997">Berry et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
), which is perhaps understandable given that
<bibRefCitation id="593405261F9EDA3E96D4CAFE5BCAD59A" author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Archivos de Botanica do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B20" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1850. Pachira longifolia. Botanical Magazine, ser. 3, 6: t. 4549." title="Pachira longifolia. Botanical Magazine, ser. 3, 6: t. 4549." year="1850">Hooker (1850)</bibRefCitation>
called it the &quot;Long-flowered
<taxonomicName id="E3349DF0E04F3BE8EBB659DE8CA48B7D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ED9479B2F924881F664E8C7BA5A87E0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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