236 lines
27 KiB
XML
236 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="1AAC626C06952ADC5D7D59241D04C4B1" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1405" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b932c9e5-ddad-4c11-8eee-ff17188d77cf" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5032970" ID-ZooBank="F9105E33-3E8B-4B3C-88B3-0316207B70F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1624643559605" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andy S. & Jagt, John W. M." docDate="2021" docId="F160A367717DFFBEFE087324FAED2433" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-755_149-190.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nearchaster spinosus Gale & Jagt 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="0D59DB1F7176FFB2FFF77706FFD02038" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of the family Benthopectinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a reappraisal" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1702001525913" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="ECA882E592C635D88CE11F6234A4EA25">The fossil record of the family Benthopectinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a reappraisal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1559A845F65EB9DD30F72F465A037CF3">Gale, Andy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4BA68159ADA278DC54242522E959F6C">Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. & School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 13 QL, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="85680052FFD4EC310CE236874B1527A0" type="email">andy.gale@port.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9D3C2EE50B96B291A41A021B81A7D9C7">Jagt, John W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3560B88DAAA0F83A83E510127D9F1420">Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6 - 7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E46835E7263E1A5F258C8F31D927A94C" type="email">john.jagt@maastricht.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="87245B1040A0313AA52BEFA9DC22940A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1098AD56917BB561BB3412AE8E00AA05">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F160A367717DFFBEFE087324FAED2433" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5032980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183195091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5032980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F160A367717DFFBEFE087324FAED2433" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F160A367717DFFBEFE087324FAED2433" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA717DFFB9FE087324FBE52405" box="[511,1077,1058,1085]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FE087324FBE52405" blockId="11.[511,1077,1058,1085]" box="[511,1077,1058,1085]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="223EA51D717DFFB9FE087324FBE52405" box="[511,1077,1058,1085]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717DFFB9FE087324FC7B2404" authority="(Blake, 1973)" authorityName="Gale & Jagt" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Blake" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[511,939,1058,1085]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FE087324FCD32404" bold="true" box="[511,771,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Nearchaster spinosus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717DFFB9FCE47324FC732404" author="Blake D. B." box="[787,931,1058,1084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref16194" refString="Blake D. B. 1973. Ossicle morphology of some Recent asteroids and description of some West American fossil asteroids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 104: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1973">Blake, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318717DFFB9FC447324FBE52405" box="[947,1077,1058,1085]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA717DFFB9FF4A7362FDA62485" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A7362FBF42446" blockId="11.[189,1060,1123,1150]" box="[189,1060,1123,1150]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="59D9355F717DFFB9FF4A7362FBF42446" box="[189,1060,1123,1150]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<treatmentCitation id="F8683460717DFFB9FF4A7362FDFE2445" author="Blake D. B." box="[189,558,1123,1149]" page="48" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" year="1973">
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717DFFB9FF4A7362FDFE2445" ID-CoL="BTRMK" authority="Blake, 1973: 48" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1973" box="[189,558,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FF4A7362FEB92445" box="[189,361,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Mistia spinosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717DFFB9FE877365FDFE2445" author="Blake D. B." box="[368,558,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref16194" refString="Blake D. B. 1973. Ossicle morphology of some Recent asteroids and description of some West American fossil asteroids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 104: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1973">Blake, 1973: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 16 figs 30–44, pl. 17 figs 1–21, 35–36.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A73A5FDA62485" blockId="11.[189,630,1187,1214]" box="[189,630,1187,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="59D9355F717DFFB9FF4A73A5FDA62485" box="[189,630,1187,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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Brisingid (?) –
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<treatmentCitation id="F8683460717DFFB9FE9873A5FDA62485" author="Zullo et al." box="[367,630,1187,1214]" page="334" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717DFFB9FE9873A5FDA22485" author="Zullo V. A. & Kaar R. F. & Durham J. W. & Allison E. C." box="[367,626,1187,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" pagination="331 - 349" refId="ref17841" refString="Zullo V. A., Kaar R. F., Durham J. W. & Allison E. C. 1964. The echinoid genus Salenia in the eastern Pacific. Palaeontology 7: 331 - 349." type="journal article" year="1964">
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Zullo
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FE4173A2FE3A2485" box="[438,490,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">et al</emphasis>
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. 1964: 334
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA717DFFB9FF4A73E2FCF225AB" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A73E2FE7A24C6" blockId="11.[189,426,1252,1278]" box="[189,426,1252,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="223EA51D717DFFB9FF4A73E2FE7A24C6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1252,1278]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FF4A73E2FE7A24C6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1252,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A7214FCF225AB" blockId="11.[189,1400,1297,1427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<materialsCitation id="C9A1182C717DFFB9FF4A7214FCF225AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3311523311" collectionCode="UCMP" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="UCMP A-5018" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="296FBA0A717DFFB9FF4A7214FEA02514" box="[189,368,1297,1324]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">UCMP A-5018</specimenCode>
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(holotype no. 10675) is the type and only specimen; it exposes a partly disarticulated abactinal surface showing the disc and proximal portions of four arms. Large marginal spines and smaller abactinal ones are visible. Marginals, adambulacrals, ambulacrals and abactinal ossicles of the holotype were figured individually by
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717DFFB9FD77727EFCCE25AB" author="Blake D. B." box="[640,798,1400,1427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref16194" refString="Blake D. B. 1973. Ossicle morphology of some Recent asteroids and description of some West American fossil asteroids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 104: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1973">Blake (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA717DFFB9FF4A72BFFC672639" box="[189,951,1465,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A72BFFE9F25EB" blockId="11.[189,335,1465,1491]" box="[189,335,1465,1491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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||
<heading id="223EA51D717DFFB9FF4A72BFFE9F25EB" bold="true" box="[189,335,1465,1491]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FF4A72BFFE9F25EB" bold="true" box="[189,335,1465,1491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Occurrence</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A72E1FC672639" blockId="11.[189,951,1511,1538]" box="[189,951,1511,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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Keasey Formation (Lower Oligocene) near Mist,
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<collectingRegion id="BB0DDC93717DFFB9FCF572E1FC8A2639" box="[770,858,1511,1537]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="01DE52E1717DFFB9FC9D72E1FC7B2639" box="[874,939,1511,1537]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">USA</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA717DFFB9FF4A7121FEBC27D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A7121FE9E2679" blockId="11.[189,334,1575,1601]" box="[189,334,1575,1601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="223EA51D717DFFB9FF4A7121FE9E2679" bold="true" box="[189,334,1575,1601]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FF4A7121FE9E2679" bold="true" box="[189,334,1575,1601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271717DFFB9FF4A7153FEBC27D0" blockId="11.[189,1400,1621,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
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The abactinal surface of UCMP A-5018, embedded in matrix (
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717DFFB9FC6D7153FBF62657" author="Blake D. B." box="[922,1062,1621,1647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref16194" refString="Blake D. B. 1973. Ossicle morphology of some Recent asteroids and description of some West American fossil asteroids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 104: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1973">Blake 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: pl.16 fig. 44), shows part of the disc and four proximal arms. Although the outline is retained, the ossicles are jumbled and largely dissociated, such that adambulacrals and ambulacrals are visible on the actinal surface. The marginal spines, largely in place, are elongated and tapering. The abactinal spines are much smaller, perhaps one-fifth the size of those on the marginals. The adambulacrals are well preserved, subrectangular, with 2–3 large subadambulacral spine bases, and the concave inner (abactinal) surface and ridge bearing
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FF4A7024FF282705" bold="true" box="[189,248,1826,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">ada2</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717DFFB9FECF7024FEA32705" bold="true" box="[312,371,1826,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">ada3</emphasis>
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, characteristic of benthopectinids. The ambulacrals have the typical hourglass shape of benthopectinids, and asymmetry of the interambulacral muscles (P1 small, P2 large) is seen. The marginals are longer than broad with a convex, mound-like outer surface which carries 1–2 large spine bases and a number of sparsely scattered smaller ones. The inner surface of the marginals is flat. The abactinal ossicles are parapaxillae, with centrally placed, single spine bases, surrounded by a ring of smaller spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA717AFFBEFF4A760FFAED2433" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A760FFEFF211B" blockId="12.[189,303,265,291]" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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||
<heading id="223EA51D717AFFBEFF4A760FFEFF211B" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFF4A760FFEFF211B" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A7631FDA82183" blockId="12.[188,1399,311,444]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
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As recognised by
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717AFFBEFE797631FDFA2169" author="Blake D. B." box="[398,554,311,337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref16194" refString="Blake D. B. 1973. Ossicle morphology of some Recent asteroids and description of some West American fossil asteroids. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 104: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1973">Blake (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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, the distinctive characters of the ambulacral, adambulacral and marginal ossicles place this form firmly in the
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFD99765DFCEF214D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1894" box="[622,831,347,373]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Benthopectinidae</taxonomicName>
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. Comparison with extant benthopectinid species studied here indicates that
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFDF47679FD6221A0" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1973" box="[515,690,383,408]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFDF47679FD6221A0" box="[515,690,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Mistia spinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares important characters with the Recent Pacific genus
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFF4A76A7FE9D2183" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[189,333,417,443]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFF4A76A7FE9D2183" box="[189,333,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Nearchaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including the following:
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A76D2FD872229" blockId="12.[189,1399,468,529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
|
||
1. Adambulacrals are nearly identical in shape to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFC8276D2FB5821D6" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[885,1160,468,494]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aciculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFC8276D2FB5821D6" box="[885,1160,468,494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Nearchaster aciculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both carry 2–3 bases for subambulacral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A752DFAA7227D" blockId="12.[189,1399,555,581]" box="[189,1399,555,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
|
||
2. Marginals are closely similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFD35752AFCB0227D" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[706,864,555,581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aciculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFD35752AFCB0227D" box="[706,864,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">N. aciculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both shape and distribution of spine bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A756BFC422322" blockId="12.[189,1399,621,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The overall form of the body, with large marginal spines, and shorter abactinal spines on the disc is broadly similar to the development in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFCD57594FC122294" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[802,962,658,684]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Benthopecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFCD57594FC122294" box="[802,962,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Benthopecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFC227594FBB52294" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[981,1125,658,684]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFC227594FBB52294" box="[981,1125,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Nearchaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFB507594FF2722E8" authority="Fisher, 1911" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Myonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFB507594FACB2293" box="[1191,1307,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Myonotus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717AFFBEFAD07594FF2722E8" author="Fisher W. K." pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref16561" refString="Fisher W. K. 1911. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 76: 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80717AFFBEFEC375B0FE1222E8" author="Fisher W. K." box="[308,450,694,720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref16561" refString="Fisher W. K. 1911. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 76: 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pls 22–26). The proportionate sizes and distributions of spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFB3D75B1FAA722E8" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1973" box="[1226,1399,695,720]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFB3D75B1FAA722E8" box="[1226,1399,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Mistia spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closest to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFE3975DCFCA922CC" authority="Fisher, 1910" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" box="[462,889,730,756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Benthopecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFE3975DCFD0822CC" box="[462,728,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Benthopecten claviger</emphasis>
|
||
Fisher, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFC7F75DDFA9222CC" authority="(Fisher, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[904,1346,730,756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Myonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFC7F75DDFB4122CC" box="[904,1169,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Myonotus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
(Fisher, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFF4A75F9FDAC2321" authority="(Fisher, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[189,636,767,793]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aciculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFF4A75F9FE002321" box="[189,464,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Nearchaster aciculosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fisher, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4717AFFBEFD4D75F9FCFF2321" box="[698,815,767,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,474,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[265,1323,474,1819]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. A–B. Pectinaster filholi Perrier, 1885, Recent, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views, Porcupine Trough, NE Atlantic (A.S. Gale collection, unregistered). C–D. Benthopecten simplex (Perrier, 1881), Recent, in abactinal (C) and actinal (D) views, Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic (NHMUK EE 13563). E–F. Nearchaster aciculosus (Fisher, 1910), Recent, in abactinal (E) and actinal (F) views, NE Pacific (USNM, unregistered). Scale bars: A–B = 7 mm; C–D = 6 mm; E–F = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5032976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5032976/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
herein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A7447FC9A23B8" blockId="12.[189,1398,833,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The abactinal parapaxillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFDEF7444FD142363" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1973" box="[536,708,834,859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFDEF7444FD142363" box="[536,708,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Mistia spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very close in structure to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFB757444FAF02363" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1154,1312,833,859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aciculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFB757444FAF02363" box="[1154,1312,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">N. aciculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a central spine base surrounded by a ring of smaller ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271717AFFBEFF4A74AFFAED2433" blockId="12.[189,1399,936,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
|
||
In conclusion,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFE9A74AFFDCA23FA" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1973" box="[365,538,937,962]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFE9A74AFFDCA23FA" box="[365,538,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Mistia spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a benthopectinid which has remarkably detailed similarities of ossicle morphology to the present-day Pacific species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2717AFFBEFD1174CAFC2A23DE" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[742,1018,972,998]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Nearchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aciculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63717AFFBEFD1174CAFC2A23DE" box="[742,1018,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Nearchaster aciculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it is therefore provisionally placed in that genus. The genus thus has a history in the Pacific Ocean of at least 33 million years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |