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<document id="2300330B1CDA915851BCA405E4A411A3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12586908" ID-ISSN="2064-2474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12586908" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1719596761487" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Papp, L." docDate="2004" docId="524B879BFF9DFFA32D91569FFE162B4F" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaZoolAcadSciH.50.1.45-53.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4FD749C6DF7B87D8940F4D8C7B0A0514.3:ActaZoolAcadSciH.2002-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="4FD749C6DF7B87D8940F4D8C7B0A0514" docStyleName="ActaZoolAcadSciH.2002-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Immoderatus Papp, 2004, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="AE72FFE3FF9CFFA02F085728FFF32F51" masterDocTitle="Immoderatus Gen. N. Of Copromyzinae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1719602575633" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1929AC7B96F3DE151873B7D5F66C5757">Immoderatus Gen. N. Of Copromyzinae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80B59CE345BD14919276DD63EA9C664E">Papp, L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="68FCB65E2B8A69924B411FB3760A88CB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B385CCF64D2C189549F476BA158A181">Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8770DEBFE5FB00C36D5C548BFEDC4238">
<mods:date id="2E970739D6134D637366CEB1FD589449">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="78E735BD76DC4F8F6EA7A2510F378DDF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6F0A33B7FE9D82D5DBA69D228B37D405">2004-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9368621A5CD929894F2AA5662884E1F1">50</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6DAD91983D997DED5C799CE2C0821E42" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12586908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="72045A3A465AAE551B174D96274DD785" type="ISSN">2064-2474</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0C347BF05C55EFBE8DE7620113A1A36A" type="Zenodo-Dep">12586908</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="524B879BFF9DFFA32D91569FFE162B4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12586906" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:524B879BFF9DFFA32D91569FFE162B4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/524B879BFF9DFFA32D91569FFE162B4F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="92F86506FF9DFFA12D91569FFC6A2E80" box="[665,921,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12D91569FFC6A2E80" blockId="1.[665,921,439,465]" box="[665,921,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="811581E1FF9DFFA12D91569FFC6A2E80" box="[665,921,439,465]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9DFFA12D91569FFCB12E80" ID-CoL="5422" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="2004" box="[665,834,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Immoderatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9DFFA12D91569FFCB12E80" bold="true" box="[665,834,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Immoderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3A557E4FF9DFFA12C42569FFC6A2E80" box="[842,921,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92F86506FF9DFFA32E3556D2FE162B4F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E3556D2FD2B2D41" blockId="1.[317,728,506,557]" box="[317,728,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="0559882FFF9DFFA12E3556D2FE9D2D41" box="[317,366,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9DFFA12ECE56D2FD6D2D41" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="2004" box="[454,670,506,528]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Immoderatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foldvarii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9DFFA12ECE56D2FD6D2D41" box="[454,670,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Immoderatus foldvarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3A557E4FF9DFFA12DAC56D2FD2B2D41" box="[676,728,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E35553FFE0A2D7C" blockId="1.[317,728,506,557]" box="[317,505,535,557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Gender: masculine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E765579FB2F2D36" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" box="[382,1244,593,615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Body length
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12EFE5579FD702D36" box="[502,643,593,615]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.835" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.95 mm</quantity>
. This is far the smallest species of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9DFFA12B405579FB2A2D36" box="[1096,1241,593,615]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Copromyzinae">Copromyzinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E765546FC2C2C1C" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Mouth opening large, almost as long as head, palpi small,
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12CA05546FBCC2DD5" box="[936,1087,622,644]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.0775" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.075">0.075–0.08 mm</quantity>
long. Clypeus narrow and small. Antennae in deep holes, as in
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9DFFA12C1955A2FC982DF1" box="[785,875,650,672]" class="Insecta" family="Carnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carnidae</taxonomicName>
. Pedicel with an extremely long dorsal sub-basal seta. First flagellomere rounded with dorsal arista and with 5 extremely long dorsal setae, which are not much shorter than arista, and with some shorter (still long) ventral setae. Face not longer than antennae. Ocelli extremely anteriorly placed: hind ocelli on border ofanterior and middle third ofpostfrons. Three pairs ofshort lateroclinate fronto-orbitals. Ofthe frontal setae only the outer vertical pair strong, postocellars indistinct. No definite ocellar setae. Two pairs of medium-long setae on fore edge of frons (over lunule). Gena narrow but postgena large.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E76547CFDC92B01" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Thorax dorsoventrally compressed, with considerably reduced sclerites. Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12BBA547CFB1D2C3B" box="[1202,1262,852,874]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[317,360,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[357,1262,618,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-88@2.[317,1269,614,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male. 1 = head, dorsal view, 2 = first flagellomere and apex ofpedicel, lateral view, 3 = prothorax, anterior view. Scales: 0.1 mm for Figs 1–2, 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586910/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) consists ofextremely reduced sclerites. Thoracic chaetotaxy: no proepisternal (but several short setu - lae), 1 notopleural, 1 supra-alar and 1 postalar, 1 rather weak dorsocentral (just anterior to scutellum), irregular rows ofsparse and fine acrostichal setulae. Scutellum very short, only
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12B2E5482FB4F2C91" box="[1062,1212,938,960]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.0375" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.035">0.035–0.04 mm</quantity>
long but
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12E6954EFFE0B2C8C" box="[353,504,967,989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.1875" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.185">0.185–0.19 mm</quantity>
broad. One pair oflong lateral (basal) scutellar setae, apical pair present only as minute dorsal setulae. Anepisternum reduced to an oblique sclerite. Anepimeron membranous. Katepisternum complete (i.e. sclerotization not reduced) with 1 (rather posterior) seta. Thorax actually continued caudally below abdomen, hind leg with coxa being wholly ventral to preabdomen, and even mid coxae partly so.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E76537FFC732BAC" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Legs short and thick. Mid tibia without subapical crown ofsetae, or rows ofstronger dorsal setae, but with a strong ventroapical spur and with a shorter and rather thick anterodorsal spur (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12BC7535CFEB82BF6" captionStart="Figs 4–8" captionStartId="4.[317,360,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[342,1247,578,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-74@4.[339,1247,576,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 4–8. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n. 4 = right wing, dorsal view, 5–8 = paratype male, legs in anterior view:5 = mid leg, 6 = mid tarsus, higher magnification, 7 = hind leg, 8 = hind tarsus, higher mag-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586912/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Hind tibia extremely thick, only 3 times longer than thick (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12C9453B9FC2B2BF6" box="[924,984,1169,1191]" captionStart="Figs 4–8" captionStartId="4.[317,360,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[342,1247,578,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-74@4.[339,1247,576,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 4–8. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n. 4 = right wing, dorsal view, 5–8 = paratype male, legs in anterior view:5 = mid leg, 6 = mid tarsus, higher magnification, 7 = hind leg, 8 = hind tarsus, higher mag-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586912/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), with an extremely long and thick ventroapical spur, a long dorsal seta opposite the base ofthis spur, and 3 pairs ofantero- and postero-dorsal setae. Tarsi extremely short, tarsomeres 2–4 shorter than broad on all the legs. Mid and hind tarsi with strong black thorns as described below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E76522CFCEC2951" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="6A8A3CD0FF9DFFA12E76522CFCE82951" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Wing &amp; Costal &amp; M. Radial" latitude="0.027" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-0.03" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="R1, R2" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="7717535BFF9DFFA12E76522CFE402A4B" box="[382,435,1284,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Wing</collectorName>
peculiar (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12D19522CFDBA2A4B" box="[529,585,1284,1306]" captionStart="Figs 4–8" captionStartId="4.[317,360,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[342,1247,578,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-74@4.[339,1247,576,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 4–8. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n. 4 = right wing, dorsal view, 5–8 = paratype male, legs in anterior view:5 = mid leg, 6 = mid tarsus, higher magnification, 7 = hind leg, 8 = hind tarsus, higher mag-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586912/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) both in form and venation.
<collectorName id="7717535BFF9DFFA12C5A522CFC7C2A4B" box="[850,911,1284,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Costal</collectorName>
vein continued to vein
<collectorName id="7717535BFF9DFFA12B61522CFB3B2A4B" box="[1129,1224,1284,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">M. Radial</collectorName>
vein
<specimenCode id="8A449EF6FF9DFFA12E355209FEA72A68" box="[317,340,1313,1337]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
R
<subScript id="466634C8FF9DFFA12E455205FEA72A68" attach="left" box="[333,340,1325,1337]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">1</subScript>
</specimenCode>
(i.e. 1st costal section) extremely short.
<specimenCode id="8A449EF6FF9DFFA12DDE5209FD1E2A68" box="[726,749,1313,1337]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
R
<subScript id="466634C8FF9DFFA12DEE5205FD1E2A68" attach="left" box="[742,749,1325,1337]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">2</subScript>
</specimenCode>
+3 very short, second costal section only halfas long as third. First costal section with 2, second and third sections with 13–15 very long, almost straight setae dorsally, which reclinate to the wing plane (i.e. not perpendicular but at an acute angle to it). Fourth costal section medially on wing apex with a
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12DFC525FFC6A2ADC" box="[756,921,1399,1421]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.0705" valueMax="0.072" valueMin="0.069">
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mm
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long, backwardly directed seta. No basal cross-vein, discal cell rounded apically (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12DFA52BCFCD82AFB" box="[754,811,1428,1450]" captionStart="Figs 4–8" captionStartId="4.[317,360,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[342,1247,578,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-74@4.[339,1247,576,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 4–8. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n. 4 = right wing, dorsal view, 5–8 = paratype male, legs in anterior view:5 = mid leg, 6 = mid tarsus, higher magnification, 7 = hind leg, 8 = hind tarsus, higher mag-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586912/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Alula practically missing. No anal vein or anal cell, anal region present as a small microtomentose thickening ofwing membrane. Marginal hairs of wing dense and extremely long, on ventral halfofwing consist ofalternating hairs
<quantity id="1D1A9B68FF9DFFA12B4A52E6FB162AB5" box="[1090,1253,1486,1508]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.0615" valueMax="0.063" valueMin="0.06">
<geoCoordinate id="BFD6504AFF9DFFA12B4A52E6FB8B2AB5" box="[1090,1144,1486,1508]" degrees="0.060" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" precision="55" value="0.06">0.060</geoCoordinate>
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mm
</quantity>
and
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<geoCoordinate id="BFD6504AFF9DFFA12E6F52C2FE6E2951" box="[359,413,1514,1536]" degrees="0.027" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" precision="55" value="0.027">0.027</geoCoordinate>
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mm
</quantity>
in length. Halter dark grey
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E76512FFB3D2906" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Abdomen seemingly robust, but only as a consequence ofcompressed status ofthorax. Ter - gites 1–5 normal, sternites less sclerotized; sternite 5 rather broad (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12CBA510CFBD3296B" box="[946,1056,1572,1594]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
). Abdominal setae, including marginal setae short, except for the comparatively very long pair on female tergite 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA12E765176FB3629FC" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Sternite 8 and a small part ofsternite 6, visible in male in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12B1B5176FBBE2925" box="[1043,1101,1630,1652]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Sternite 7 com - paratively small, visible only ventrally, its medial part bent into genital cavity. A small subtriangular sclerite present at right apex ofsternite 6 (? tergite 6), forming part ofthe wall ofthe genital cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9DFFA22E76519CFCB52871" blockId="1.[317,1271,593,1824]" lastBlockId="2.[317,1269,1745,1824]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Male genital morphology peculiar. Epandrium strongly convex (globose), without ventral lateral cleft, but wholly fused and closed ventrally as in some genera of
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9DFFA12CC151F9FBB729B6" box="[969,1092,1745,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limosininae">Limosininae</taxonomicName>
. Epandrium with a pair ofcomparatively long subdorsal (caudal) setae. Cerci distinct but small, not fused with epand - rium (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9DFFA12E7F5022FE4D2871" box="[375,446,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), without setae. Subepandrial sclerite not found (i.e. caudal wall of genital chamber is membranous. Surstylus (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9EFFA22D21569CFD9E2E9B" box="[553,621,436,458]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) long thin, digitiform with a longer medial subapical seta and with 2 small apical setae. Hypandrium small. Phallus (ifmy interpretation is correct) consisting ofa rather normal distiphallus and a peculiar basiphallus with a thick – structured – dorsal projection, which is almost as large as distiphallus (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9EFFA22D6C5522FD5A2D71" box="[612,681,522,544]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Phallapodeme slender, comparatively short, strongly curved in its distal third. Epiphallus seemingly absent. Postgonite long, slender, with narrowly rounded apex for
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9EFFA22C065022FCB52871" box="[782,838,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[317,360,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[357,1262,618,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-88@2.[317,1269,614,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male. 1 = head, dorsal view, 2 = first flagellomere and apex ofpedicel, lateral view, 3 = prothorax, anterior view. Scales: 0.1 mm for Figs 1–2, 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8E9D6605FF9EFFA22E3551F9FB192852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12586910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" startId="2.[317,360,1745,1767]" targetBox="[357,1262,618,1706]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9EFFA22E3551F9FB192852" blockId="2.[317,1269,1745,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9EFFA22E3551F9FE6B29B6" bold="true" box="[317,408,1745,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9EFFA22E9651F9FD8529B6" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="2004" box="[414,630,1745,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Immoderatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foldvarii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9EFFA22E9651F9FD8529B6" box="[414,630,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Immoderatus foldvarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3A557E4FF9EFFA22D7451F9FD4229B6" box="[636,689,1745,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype male. 1 = head, dorsal view, 2 = first flagellomere and apex ofpedicel, lateral view, 3 = prothorax, anterior view. Scales: 0.1 mm for Figs 1–2, 0.2 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9FFFA32E35569CFE562EB6" blockId="3.[317,1270,436,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9FFFA32E4C569CFE422E9B" box="[324,433,436,458]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figs 10, 13</figureCitation>
). Ejaculatory apodeme (
<figureCitation id="42D92A08FF9FFFA32D90569CFCF62E9B" box="[664,773,436,458]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="5.[317,360,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[346,1235,435,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[344,1243,424,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–15. Immoderatus foldvarii sp. n., paratype male, genitalia. 9 = male postabdomen, dorsal view, 10 = same, ventral view, 11 = postabdominal sclerites, ventral view, 12 = surstylus in broadest extension, 13 = postgonite laterally, apical part in broadest extension, 14 = ejaculatory apodeme," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12586914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12586914/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
) mushroom-shaped, with an additional sclerite at its distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9FFFA32E765522FC252D0B" blockId="3.[317,1270,522,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Etymology. This new genus is characterised by a large set of peculiar features, for I use the word “extremely” frequently in its description. The Latin word (an adjective, used here as a noun for naming a genus) means immoderate, i.e. one who goes to extremes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA5D368DFF9FFFA32E7655A8FE162B4F" blockId="3.[317,1270,640,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
Contrary all its unique features and reductions, one can easily identify this new genus as belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9FFFA32DB0558CFC962DEF" box="[696,869,676,702]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Copromyzinae">Copromyzinae</taxonomicName>
through
<smallCapsWord id="DCBBA051FF9FFFA32CDC558CFBA02DEF" baselines="695,695,695" box="[980,1107,676,702]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Rohacek'" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">ROHÁČEK’</smallCapsWord>
s (1998) key, which is still the most comprehensive key for the Palaearctic
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9FFFA32B0255EFFBC52DB0" box="[1034,1078,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">and</emphasis>
Oriental
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9FFFA32BAC55EFFE5D2C55" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphaeroceridae</taxonomicName>
. However, its couplet 5 must be supplemented by an additional item to accommodate
<taxonomicName id="1DE24D0EFF9FFFA32EED5425FD732C76" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="2004" box="[485,640,781,807]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Immoderatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E896EA9FFF9FFFA32EED5425FD732C76" box="[485,640,781,807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Immoderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This may include strong reduction in sclerotization of thoracic pleural sclerites, extremely thick and short legs, extremely strong ventroapical spur on hind tibia, the very anterior positioning ofocelli on frons, extremely long dorsal seta on pedicel and numerous very long setae on first flagellomere, absence ofanal vein and anal cell, absence ofalula, very short vein
<collectionCode id="BCF3AE48FF9FFFA32B3D54B2FBBA2CE5" box="[1077,1097,922,948]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">R</collectionCode>
<subScript id="466634C8FF9FFFA32B505481FB822CE6" attach="right" box="[1112,1137,937,951]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">2+3</subScript>
, extremely long perpendicular setae on costa and extremely long fringe on the hind half of wing, as well as pecularities ofthe male genitalia and the unique shape ofthe spermathecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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