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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="55738" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b26ea49-e662-41f7-a213-47f4b598c91c" ID-PMC="PMC9848896" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1098-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" ID-PubMed="36761078" ID-ZooBank="B4F4033F296E43CCBE54B9413BC19268" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1098-1" checkinTime="1651618226429" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rakotonirina, Jean Claude &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2022" docId="1556097A8D5657FEA6F4D209B648FA52" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1098: 1-180" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1098" docPubDate="2022-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" docTitle="Camponotus bozaka Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CAD5FB8A-8FF4-47C6-9590-A7E8342C6839" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732660529870" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2D42F6EBCC9BE4D41C5C46B8553B340E">Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83630B13C0F9040E45EC32F14EE24C45">Rakotonirina, Jean Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="25588506BD54BD91018A763C893A78DD">Madagascar Biodiversity Center, BP 6257, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar &amp; Departement d'Entomologie-Culture, Elevage, Sante; Faculte des Sciences, BP 906, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EF25EC0B7C7E6394FD70EF9B3A30B91" type="email">jcrakoto25@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2797ABA0A82140E8B20536753CEAD907">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C3D0B5D5819C134290A1F7EBED32AE35" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6CCA7268047E7FA02FB7B14FF496AF42">Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="BF4034363BC5ABE810B702841437F1D6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F6707A405989692ECC96248ACA52B95">2022-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="997B553E35857C004BA5DD8CFCDB3E04">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6ABA62C4B501043368E8CE8A61C1FC56" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1556097A8D5657FEA6F4D209B648FA52" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195190308" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CAD5FB8A-8FF4-47C6-9590-A7E8342C6839" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1556097A8D5657FEA6F4D209B648FA52" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="7F4BB5E6AA221B2182F1B57408DB23A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="93C52FFEA8D16E4A0025390073487F42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="10F3A15FDE81380808CD143911D6EB73" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CAD5FB8A-8FF4-47C6-9590-A7E8342C6839" authority="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher, 2022" authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus bozaka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozaka" status="sp. nov.">Camponotus bozaka</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F3D9823D312D73AF71C51A086D828A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F1DEBBFE15DFF117E37EEC199545712" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="2DE2E1BECFA80E7C5237474D7C1EE159" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="00CB2C668E0D723E7EAA28FF60FC002A" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Posterior portion of mesosoma, petiolar node, and gaster in lateral view A C. bozaka (CASENT 0217309) B C. atimo (CASENT 0454042)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 26A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94AAD55199F651261313E6DFA369D627" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Mesosoma and petiolar node in lateral view A C. asara (CASENT 0493252) B C. bozaka (CASENT 0217309)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E8670F4202D9B570DD72118387E8607D" captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Camponotus bozaka A lateral view B head in full-face view C dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT 0217309 D distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 48</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="592DF2F800DD4C462A4EFB1D49BB430B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype worker">
<paragraph id="C661E0B62A5634E0E487E1678B310C60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype worker.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163D8D19FBC5D7773D3052E023FE767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="DC038D659933DF3D094B203DE278F734" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madagascar</emphasis>
: Province
<emphasis id="74AFF9C0CE2CA80D2EA61B413B9F95BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
: Parc National
<normalizedToken id="BE0AB82B908668A58BC7A10B315C8502" originalValue="dAndringitra">d'Andringitra</normalizedToken>
, Plateau
<normalizedToken id="27FB3AA609F69EB1462B6299DB9E4ED0" originalValue="dAndohariana">d'Andohariana</normalizedToken>
, 39.8 km 204° Ambalavao,
<geoCoordinate id="72E2F1C0B89DCBB76A5563AF8B8A3EF6" degrees="22.18767" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.18767">-22.18767</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD77BDC3A468A5A798DCF629DA186822" degrees="46.90083" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.90083">46.90083</geoCoordinate>
, 2150 m, rubicole thicket at base of cliff, under stone, 16 Apr 2006 (B.L. Fisher et al.) collection code: BLF13773, specimen code: CASENT0217309 (CAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F9729A16A30E2DC8E9F84E8292C1C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratype">
<paragraph id="573578DA55A465F6A04F00E29ED84A0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6213756EF1594E8DCC462B002398A86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 major worker with same data as holotype but with specimen code CASENT0071370 (CAS).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F532A77211EDEE6B415057DE2AFFD79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="66062B3E1A4455096713AA040463F793" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5784BFA197AD79B6DD3F1099F1D2610F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="E850C968A11313B058D0819C288B76A3" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Manandriana I Non Protected Area, A. Ravelomanana, PN Andringitra, B. L. Fisher" country="Madagascar" elevation="1590" latitude="-22.18767" location="Non Protected Area" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.90083" municipality="Non Protected Area" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">
<emphasis id="2624ED2C46CD697954F5954956CEE9E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry id="6C6D26C4CAE24F2F058A1204F566E9A9" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F21357A62D8ACC9FBF418EFDFA285467" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="E9EA13B058C55EDF747B2F939432B67C">
Manandriana I
<collectingMunicipality id="7638A37E3BB3DFC6C6831755F7CCF611">Non Protected Area</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
,
<locationDeviation id="2B633D18614AF4EAB90FABD4540F2C09" location="Ambositra">
<quantity id="643EFA417CC1E0FAE91881CFD67B727E" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.711" unit="km" value="27.11">27.11 km</quantity>
SW Ambositra
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BC235E07F9BE26F5E424BFF4483B57AC" degrees="20.73194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.73194">-20.73194</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="156BFA9F16D524072F78B18E89E6A949" degrees="47.09413" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.09413">47.09413</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="373E94CF6BE51C1D435AE0B85F2DD187" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" unit="m" value="1590.0">
<elevation id="41386026B76E743F6949BD614009C5BA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" unit="m" value="1590.0">1590 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Savannah grassland (
<collectorName id="7B60C44AB28C4AC75DF0AE108E2F423B">A. Ravelomanana</collectorName>
) (CAS); Manandriana III
<location id="674B4038AE3E3BA535918C9741878AC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1556097A8D5657FEA6F4D209B648FA52:674B4038AE3E3BA535918C9741878AC5" country="Madagascar" latitude="-22.18767" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="46.90083" municipality="Non Protected Area" name="Non Protected Area" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Non Protected Area</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="33A7A0FF4B57DBFBABF5A0454E66AB97" location="Ambositra">
<quantity id="4E0BAA1156EDF88FBCA0F17C49275572" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" unit="km" value="27.25">27.25 km</quantity>
SW Ambositra
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7657FC1987572C9640AF9ED9D15AC05E" degrees="20.73333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.73333">-20.73333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="59E63231DF6203CEA384019B8F2E121B" degrees="47.09391" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.09391">47.09391</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C8E4C01257AFBC957BE6334451A9F6E9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.578" unit="m" value="1578.0">
<elevation id="3D38F1F0DF0A487B5E5C4D31D301F046" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.578" unit="m" value="1578.0">1578 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Savannah grassland (
<collectorName id="6B9A6A36FDEA21F5A17DE5610B4AE914">A. Ravelomanana</collectorName>
) (CAS);
<collectorName id="8DD26F05AFF06FD35CD8863131F414CC">PN Andringitra</collectorName>
, Plateau
<normalizedToken id="4D46CA0BE0B1FDEC3FE3CD4DB82D2FF7" originalValue="dAndohariana">d'Andohariana</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity id="619EA68B284001D7DA3121F43FE4F3EE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" unit="km" value="39.8">39.8 km</quantity>
204° Ambalavao,
<geoCoordinate id="23DD8EF838E9C3229B6DA3FEAF750AC1" degrees="22.18767" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.18767">-22.18767</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63A925AED7B0774E4A5D637992D793B9" degrees="46.90083" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.90083">46.90083</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="95EEAD13DA9C7AB96CDF7D69EE2D6687" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="2150.0">
<elevation id="D9C687D64EFDE51619503CB82AA7E195" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, rubicole thicket at base of cliff (
<collectorName id="F0B4A4CE8E7FEE70DA0E3490C3A52966">B.L. Fisher</collectorName>
et al.) (CAS)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BC03D9E4BBD537F9A29771FC11AFA98" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B57D86AAAE1A393C8F51B4E227E47C82" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6D32DBF77BE3E3B3A5F876EC0983D78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">With head in full-face view, lateral margin of head anterior to eye level parallel, lacking erect hairs; clypeus with noticeable anterolateral corner; in profile, petiolar node anteroposteriorly compressed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72503D452EC4B82391FEC2A57918B3AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="AB9243A50A4B03E09ACC6D46BCB9ABC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0B490FB1310313C71478B2ADDC7554" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7EE2D1B64C56D599F1D067BE70CFE2A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor worker.</emphasis>
In full-face view, lateral cephalic margins anterior to level of eye approximately parallel, evenly rounding to posterior margin; eye protruding and large (EL/CS: 0.28
<normalizedToken id="BA5A138AF3B91B78C8094DB0BAFB7ADD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.26-0.30), breaking lateral cephalic margin, level of its posterior margin located at ca. posterior 1/4 of head (PoOc/CL: 0.25
<normalizedToken id="483184F37098944FC83080E0B4940E55" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.23-0.26); frontal carinae close to each other, their distance equal to or smaller than smallest distance of one to the eye (FR/CS: 0.28
<normalizedToken id="E982C78F34E46B9CFF137FDADAACB943" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.28-0.29); clypeus with anterolateral corners, its anteromedian margin broadly triangular or convex; mandible with two apical teeth normally spaced; antennal scape relatively short (SL/CS: 1.19
<normalizedToken id="BC703A4F605ABE73E3A409CEC58B9D3E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05; 1.08-1.25). Promesonotum weakly convex, mesopropodeum almost flat; mesonotum flat immediately anterior to metanotal groove; metanotal groove weakly visible; dorsal margin of propodeum straight and joining declivity at a noticeable angle, propodeal dorsum &lt;2
<normalizedToken id="70B5D4C7691880AE0609DC14829B7E0B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as declivity. Petiolar node scalelike with sharp dorsal margin; femur of hind leg rounded axially and not twisted basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF88A99F66A95CB5013D02C71CD6C004" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">First and second gastral tergites without a pair of white spots; erect hairs on lateral margin of head not present; posterior margin of head with two erect hairs; with head in profile, four pairs of erect hairs arranged from level of anterior margin of eye to posterior cephalic margin; antennal scape covered only with appressed hairs; pronotum, mesonotum, and posterodorsal angle of propodeum with a pair of erect hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C10EB8354A283A3AEA1EFA7DB927822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FF7CB072C3D43F8E4A1E8461DA30B57E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major worker.</emphasis>
Differing from minor worker in the following characters: enlarged head (CS: 2.07
<normalizedToken id="5786D8B6EAB4ECF71D610694777E061B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.18; 1.91-2.40; CWb/CL: 0.95
<normalizedToken id="1FA5FBEBF853D032327053AA14452A6C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03; 0.90-0.98) with slightly concave to almost straight posterior margin; apical 1/3 of antennal scape extending beyond posterior cephalic margin; robust mesosoma with length of propodeal dorsum approximately the same as height of declivity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ED781A21A2B6B73192A67386F2FFF3AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1A44F625C7EB089DE37501B961621CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEC00C7C9F83B1F6099B4BD4654181F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Known only from the south-central high plateau of Madagascar,
<taxonomicName id="A5A74CB5D8C344561D9080878B76261F" lsidName="C. bozaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bozaka">
<emphasis id="1AD04827AC1BB8130D87C5887666B883" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. bozaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupies rubicole thicket,
<taxonomicName id="C8C81291568046637F12EE4825B5C43D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="96A73508F8F4E25941B07FD7F7C79FE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland, savannah grassland, and shrubland habitats (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F26D0EEC1E6F58D515DCBC038B93558E" captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Camponotus bozaka A lateral view B head in full-face view C dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT 0217309 D distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D</figureCitation>
). Worker specimens have been found foraging through leaf litter and on low vegetation. The nest sites are in the ground or under stones.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5C33E46D8B5B434056E363619C5C87A4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 48" startId="F48">
<paragraph id="0AB95564082F6EAA305D3A249C082373" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C9651B9FCB3EFC1CABF8602F55BA53AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="565541F6D9831F252FCE9C7F22F05AD2" authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus bozaka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozaka">
<emphasis id="F6CAAB25A1E96A8FEBA6DECBB4B0C573" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus bozaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="498D305E395CF83BEA50B58F0B698668" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="3AD4AFD32E9E68012ADBBF42A50ADFBA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
head in full-face view
<emphasis id="02A9AD4B67F24DCC8760C84F0F6F006E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT0217309
<emphasis id="BBCA9822CDF50F2E57ACB3600E26FE3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
distribution map.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CEB71421D378CE6CC883771D217720D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BB19B35E782958CB3E0D6B270745C969" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADF17F8DF139CC93879BFE9B49E8A396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
See discussion under
<taxonomicName id="0E881AA586315ACEF3456727FE455F74" lsidName="C. asara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asara">
<emphasis id="0378D27D824C6DF070ACB8EC42D2AD42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. asara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The taxonomic identity of
<taxonomicName id="A3AC943A451B58688BA74CC94318CE47" lsidName="C. bozaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bozaka">
<emphasis id="34489472A3B2FDA5C5A1A71D7E3121AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. bozaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on conventional qualitative morphology is supported by multivariate morphometric analysis. The grouping shown by the morphometric dendrogram and confirmed by cumulative LDA at 100% success supports the existence of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A76551605A910CA1F71D072B3948B67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2A7E224207A9065BA9CE40A998B8CAE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3761BB4794C8EEF83E5F6FCF0351814A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This new name
<emphasis id="D377B259DF3E88A11F303437DC972B90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">bozaka</emphasis>
is a singular non-Latin noun used in apposition and is derived from the Malagasy word for &quot;dried grass&quot; in reference to the abundant grassland where this species occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>