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<mods:title id="FA6632D33C98E09109EAB87BC1C6453E">Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184162283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF49AC9AFE51FC47" box="[151,433,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF49AC9AFE51FC47" blockId="1.[151,433,927,954]" box="[151,433,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0A0C86EFF827F39FF49AC9AFE51FC47" bold="true" box="[151,433,927,954]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF49AC9AFE51FC47" bold="true" box="[151,433,927,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FF49AC9AFEDCFC44" ID-CoL="95F7C" authority="Jäger, 2021" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,316,927,954]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Martensikara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF49AC9AFEDCFC44" bold="true" box="[151,316,927,954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Martensikara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2101E6BFF827F39FE9DAC9AFE51FC47" box="[323,433,927,953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF49ACE2FD42FBFC" box="[151,674,999,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF49ACE2FD42FBFC" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" box="[151,674,999,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF49ACE2FED2FBFF" bold="true" box="[151,306,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<typeStatus id="54ECC1A0FF827F39FF49ACE2FF32FBFF" box="[151,210,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FEE7ACE2FDCBFBFF" ID-CoL="95G89" authority="Jäger, 2021" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2021" box="[313,555,999,1025]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Martensikara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jocheni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FEE7ACE2FDCBFBFF" box="[313,555,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Martensikara jocheni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2101E6BFF827F39FDECACEDFD42FBFC" box="[562,674,1000,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF19AB0EFE42FB93" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19AB0EFE42FB93" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19AB0EFEAEFBDB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1035,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honour of Jochen Martens on the occasion of his 80
<superScript id="7C22D24AFF827F39FBFEAB0EFBCDFBE7" attach="left" box="[1056,1069,1035,1049]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">th</superScript>
birthday. The generic name is a combination of the family name “Martens” and the Malagasy word for
<collectingCountry id="F3403F92FF827F39FC66AB2AFBDFFBB7" box="[952,1087,1071,1097]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F3403F92FF827F39FB8EAB2AFA70FBB7" box="[1104,1424,1071,1097]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Repoblikani Madagasikara</collectingCountry>
”. The gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF19AB72FCDEF977" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19AB72FB38FA70" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19AB72FEA2FB6F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1143,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FE96AB72FE00FB6F" authority="Jäger, 2021" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2021" box="[328,480,1143,1169]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Martensikara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FE96AB72FE00FB6F" box="[328,480,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Martensikara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2101E6BFF827F39FE38AB7DFDACFB6C" box="[486,588,1144,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FC3AAB72FB69FB6F" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1873" box="[996,1161,1143,1169]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: 1. Tibiae III with 57 pairs of ventral spines (usually 3 pairs;
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FBEBAB9EFAB0FB4B" authority="Simon, 1880" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[1077,1360,1179,1205]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FBEBAB9EFB5BFB4B" box="[1077,1211,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Spariolenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FB1FAB9EFAB0FB4B" author="Simon, E." box="[1217,1360,1179,1205]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="223 - 351" refId="ref7374" refString="Simon, E. (1880) Revision de la famille des Sparassidae (Arachnides). Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 34, 223 - 351." type="journal article" year="1880">Simon, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with 5 pairs,
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FF05ABBAFE09FB27" authority="Lessert, 1921" authorityName="Lessert" authorityYear="1921" box="[219,489,1215,1242]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Berlandia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF05ABBAFEABFB27" box="[219,331,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Berlandia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FE8CABC5FE09FB27" author="Lessert, R. de" box="[338,489,1215,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="381 - 442" refId="ref6958" refString="Lessert, R. de (1921) Araignees du Kilimandjaro et du Merou (suite). 4. Clubionidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 28, 381 - 442." type="journal article" year="1921">Lessert, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with 910 pairs, but both genera with posterior eye row distinctly recurved). 2. Chelicerae with 4 escort setae
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FE1DABE1FDE1FB03" box="[451,513,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FDD6ABE6FD5AFB03" author="Ramirez, M. J." box="[520,698,1251,1277]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="1 - 374" refId="ref7239" refString="Ramirez, M. J. (2014) The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 390, 1 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.5531 / sd. sp. 4" type="journal article" year="2014">Ramirez (2014)</bibRefCitation>
(all other
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FCF1ABE6FC34FB03" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1873" box="[815,980,1251,1277]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
with 1 escort seta). 3. Posterior eye row straight to slightly procurved (other
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FDF9AA02FD2CFADF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1873" box="[551,716,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
with posterior eye row recurved). 4. Chelicerae with more than 4 retromarginal teeth as in
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FE74AA2EFD58FABB" authority="Jager, 2020 a" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2020" box="[426,696,1323,1350]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FE74AA2EFDC4FABB" box="[426,548,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Thunberga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FDF4AA29FD58FABB" author="Jager, P." box="[554,696,1323,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="245 - 260" refId="ref6452" refString="Jager, P. (2020 a) Thunberga gen. nov., a new genus of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 4790 (2), 245 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4790.2.3" type="journal article" year="2020">Jäger, 2020a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FD1DAA2EFC1CFABB" authority="Jager, 2020b" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2020" box="[707,1020,1323,1350]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Platnickopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FD1DAA2EFC86FABB" box="[707,870,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Platnickopoda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FCB2AA29FC1CFABB" author="Jager, P." box="[876,1020,1323,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="499 - 506" refId="ref6505" refString="Jager, P. (2020 b) Platnickopoda gen. nov., a new genus of huntsman spiders from Tanzania (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Arachnology, 18 (5), 499 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2020.18.5.499" type="journal article" year="2020">Jäger, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, or the South American
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FADBAA2EFED3FA97" authority="Simon, 1903 b" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Anaptomecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FADBAA2EFA7CFABB" box="[1285,1436,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Anaptomecus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FF49AA4AFED3FA97" author="Simon, E." box="[151,307,1359,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="21 - 39" refId="ref7662" refString="Simon, E. (1903 b) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 21 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25299" type="journal article" year="1903">Simon, 1903b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(distinguished from these by points 12 of this diagnosis). 5. Unique pattern of transverse stripes and chevrons on the dorsal side of the opisthosoma (
<figureCitation id="136C6387FF827F39FD6DAA76FCE7FA73" box="[691,775,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[223,1374,198,1010]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[213,1375,181,1018]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Martensikara jocheni gen. &amp; spec. nov., holotype female (Madagascar, Fort Dauphin, Mt. Vasiha, MRCA 202.868), habitus (10 dorsal, 11 ventral, 12 frontal, 13 lateral). Arrows indicating position of bite marks." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927466/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
; no such pattern in other
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FBFCAA76FB2CFA70" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1873" box="[1058,1228,1395,1422]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19AA92FCDEF977" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19AA92FEF1FA4F" bold="true" box="[199,273,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Notes.</emphasis>
Beside the characters mentioned in the diagnosis above, the simple internal duct system of the vulva in combination with the presence of more than two promarginal cheliceral teeth is unique within the entire family. Even similarly simple duct systems of e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FD5BAADAFB47FA07" authority="(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[645,1191,1503,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FD5BAADAFCA3FA07" box="[645,835,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Cebrennus kochi</emphasis>
(O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FCA6AADAFB7FFA07" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O." box="[888,1183,1503,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="212 - 354" refId="ref7106" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1872) General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 40 (1), 212 - 354, pls. 13 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1872. tb 00489. x" type="journal article" year="1872">Pickard-Cambridge, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FB6AAAE5FF2FF9E0" authority="Simon, 1885" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tunetanus">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FB6AAAE5FAA3FA07" box="[1204,1347,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">C. tunetanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FA92AADAFF2FF9E0" author="Simon, E." pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref7405" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Etudes sur les Arachnides recueillis en Tunisie en 1883 et 1884 par MM. A. Letourneux, M. Sedillot et Valery Mayet, membres de la mission de l'Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. In: France - Ministere de l'education nationale (Ed.), Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, publiee sous les auspices du Ministere de l'instruction publique. Zoologie - Arachnides. Imprimerie nationale, Paris, pp. 1 - 55." type="book chapter" year="1885">Simon, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C570481FF827F39FF2AA906FDF1F9E3" authority="Jager 2020 c" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2020" box="[244,529,1539,1566]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Olios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucieni">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF2AA906FE64F9E3" box="[244,388,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Olios lucieni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FE55A901FDF1F9E3" author="Jager, P." box="[395,529,1539,1566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref6558" refString="Jager, P. (2020 c) The spider genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae: Sparassidae) - Part 1: species groups, diagnoses, identification keys, distribution maps and revision of the argelasius -, coenobitus - and auricomis - groups. Zootaxa, 4866 (1), 1 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4866.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Jäger 2020c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(all of them Sparassinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFC602F3FF827F39FCF3A906FC2CF9E3" author="Bertkau, P." box="[813,972,1539,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" pagination="208 - 233" refId="ref5648" refString="Bertkau, P. (1872) Uber die Respirationsorgane der Araneen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 38, 208 - 233." type="journal article" year="1872">Bertkau, 1872</bibRefCitation>
with 2 promarginal teeth) have glandular appendages or some windings or a generally more structured duct system. The presence of 4 promarginal teeth on the cheliceral furrow is another exceptional character state. If congeners will be found with the same character state, it could serve as a diagnostic character for the genus as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF19A996FD72F92F" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19A996FCD3F953" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" box="[199,819,1683,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19A996FEB9F953" bold="true" box="[199,345,1683,1709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Description.</emphasis>
See description of the
<typeStatus id="54ECC1A0FF827F39FD84A991FD6AF950" box="[602,650,1684,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">type</typeStatus>
species below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19A9B2FD72F92F" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" box="[199,658,1719,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19A9B2FE73F92F" bold="true" box="[199,403,1719,1745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Species included.</emphasis>
Only the
<typeStatus id="54ECC1A0FF827F39FDDCA9BDFDD2F92C" box="[514,562,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D2C89FF827F39FF19A9DEFDFEF8E4" pageId="1" pageNumber="336" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE87F02FF827F39FF19A9DEFDFEF8E4" blockId="1.[151,1437,999,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B923A310FF827F39FF19A9DEFE81F90B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1755,1781]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Distribution.</emphasis>
Presently known only from the
<typeStatus id="54ECC1A0FF827F39FD17A9D9FD19F908" box="[713,761,1756,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">type</typeStatus>
locality of the
<typeStatus id="54ECC1A0FF827F39FC7DA9D9FC33F908" box="[931,979,1756,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">type</typeStatus>
species in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3403F92FF827F39FB68A9DEFADDF90B" box="[1206,1341,1755,1781]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4993B1E0FF827F39FA95A9DEFF1CF8E4" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="136C6387FF827F39FECDA9FAFE88F8E7" box="[275,360,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 3036" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,363,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-90@7.[151,1436,344,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3036. 3035 Deelemanikara christae gen. &amp; spec. nov., females from Madagascar (3033 holotype from Beparasy, MRCA 142.748; 3435 female from Antsirabe, MRCA 142.587), habitus (30 dorsal, 31, 35 ventral, 32, 34 frontal, 33 lateral). 36 Localities of Martensikara jocheni gen. &amp; spec. nov. (green triangle) and of Deelemanikara christae gen. &amp; spec. nov. (red circles) on Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927479/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="336">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
: green triangle).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>