234 lines
36 KiB
XML
234 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5670D72F5FCF6D18FF2F288246F3FCF9">A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C78E13906CC7414DDA3BDA911E25906A">Boessenecker, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E2492CDFD595CFF3EDBEF2A020977D76">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="87297240D5732E08DDE7F8A3B24763B5">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E7DD69FF9A8611279479AEFDF838F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818519" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182400960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4818519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7DD69FF9A8611279479AEFDF838F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7DD69FF9A8611279479AEFDF838F2" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="890" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF9A8617279479AEFDBF3EDD" box="[211,548,1483,1510]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A8617279479AEFDBF3EDD" blockId="74.[211,548,1483,1510]" box="[211,548,1483,1510]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="D0B9DB13FF9A8617279479AEFDBF3EDD" box="[211,548,1483,1510]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9A8617279479AEFEC63EDD" ID-CoL="6269L" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[211,349,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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unnamed genus 1
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF9A861727367A6CFE8F3D9B" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861727367A6CFDD33D18" blockId="74.[113,584,1545,1569]" box="[113,584,1545,1569]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5E4B51FF9A861727367A6CFDD33D18" box="[113,584,1545,1569]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9A861727367A6CFF753D19" ID-CoL="6269L" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[113,238,1545,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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species C –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF4A6EFF9A861726207A6CFDD93D19" author="BARNES L. G." box="[359,578,1545,1569]" page="321" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9A861726207A6CFDD93D19" author="BARNES L. G." box="[359,578,1545,1569]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref64210" refString="BARNES L. G. 1977. - Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages. Systematic Zoology 25: 321 - 343." type="journal article" year="1977">Barnes 1977: 321-343</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861727367A59FE8F3D9B" blockId="74.[112,646,1596,1699]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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REFERRED MATERIAL. — From the San Gregorio Section of the Purisima Formation: UCMP 219480, an isolated left petrosal collected by R.W. Boessenecker from UCMP locality
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<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFF9A861727FB7AEEFE8B3D9B" box="[188,272,1675,1699]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99851" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" type="EnaNcbi">V99851</accessionNumber>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF9A861625E27EBEFDC23976" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="890" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861725E27EBEFCDD3864" blockId="74.[675,1210,730,860]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">From the Santa Cruz Section of the Purisima Formation: UCMP 128285, partial skeleton including skull, UCMP 219504, nearly complete skull; UCMP 219486, petrosal; SCMNH 21221, petrosal; 21222, petrosal; 21224, petrosal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861725E27F10FC2738E3" blockId="74.[675,1210,884,987]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Lowermost part of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, latest Miocene to earliest Pliocene (6.4 to
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9A861724BA7FCCFB9738F8" box="[1021,1036,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">c.</emphasis>
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5 Ma; Messinian- Zanclean equivalent;
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFF9A861724317FA6FC2B38E3" box="[886,944,963,987]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1221,1239]" captionTargetBox="[761,1205,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[759,1205,592,972]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Purisima Formation: A, Stratigraphic column of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (in meters), showing stratigraphic position of UCMP vertebrate localities, dated ash beds, diatom floras, and species of Carcharodon; thickness measurements start over above missing section in uppermost part due lack of overlapping strata; epoch and stage boundaries marked as "?" are estimated; modified from Boessenecker (2011a); Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary after Hilgen et al. (2012); B, photograph of 3-4 m thick ash within Purisima Formation at mouth of San Gregorio Creek correlated with 2.5 Ma Ishi Tuff (Powell et al.2007); C, trace fossils in pervasively bioturbated sandstone,Purisima Formation,mouth of San Gregorio Creek; D, swaley cross-stratified sandstone, mouth of San Gregorio Creek. Abbreviations: Qt, Pleistocene terrace deposits; Tp, Purisima Formation; C, claystone; St, siltstone; Ss, sandstone. Scale bars: A, 2 m; B, C, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538204/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861725E27875FCAE3F10" blockId="74.[674,1212,1040,1700]" box="[677,821,1040,1066]" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9A861625E2784AFDC23976" blockId="74.[674,1212,1040,1700]" lastBlockId="75.[111,649,216,591]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="890" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">
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UCMP 219480 is a medium-sized (
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<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF9A86172374784AFB013F72" box="[1075,1178,1071,1098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
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in length;
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<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FF9A861725B7782AFCDC3F51" box="[752,839,1103,1129]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="58.[189,200,855,873]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 11. — Measurements (in mm) of odontocete petrosals. Measurements given to nearest tenth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFEA866727FA7F32FBEB3851" pageId="74" pageNumber="889" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFEA866727FA7F32FBEB3851">Table 11</tableCitation>
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) odontocete petrosal from the base of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFF9A861725ED78EBFD623F90" box="[682,761,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="76.[677,688,990,1008]" captionTargetBox="[677,1204,217,952]" captionTargetId="figure-479@76.[676,1122,210,590]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIG. 41. — Left petrosal of Phocoenidae unnamed genus 1 (UCMP 219840); A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view. Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538297/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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). Ŋe specimen has a large, prominent, and anteroposteriorly broad pars cochlearis. Ŋe internal acoustic meatus is teardrop shaped, transversely narrow, and anterolaterally oriented (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFF9A8617235F7888FBE03E3F" box="[1048,1147,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="76.[677,688,990,1008]" captionTargetBox="[677,1204,217,952]" captionTargetId="figure-479@76.[676,1122,210,590]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIG. 41. — Left petrosal of Phocoenidae unnamed genus 1 (UCMP 219840); A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view. Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538297/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
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). Ŋe facial canal appears to be coalesced with the internal acoustic meatus due to the deeply recessed crista transversa. No dorsal crest or tuberosity is present; the dorsal face is smooth, rectangular, and slightly convex. A low parabullary ridge runs along the lateral margin of the petrosal from the base of the anterior process to the epitympanic hiatus; there is no anterior bullar facet (
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<figureCitation id="137570FAFF9A861724EC798EFBB73D3D" box="[939,1068,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="76.[677,688,990,1008]" captionTargetBox="[677,1204,217,952]" captionTargetId="figure-479@76.[676,1122,210,590]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIG. 41. — Left petrosal of Phocoenidae unnamed genus 1 (UCMP 219840); A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view. Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538297/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="889">Fig. 41A, B</figureCitation>
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). Toward the extremities of the anterior and posterior processes, the dorsal surface slopes ventrally (in medial aspect). Ŋe anterior process is large, blunt, and swollen; in ventral aspect, it is kidney shaped and curves anteromedially. In medial aspect it is bilobate and appears to curve ventrally. Ŋe anterior incisure forms a well-defined crease between the pars cochlearis and the anterior process; ventrally there is a broad, smooth, and concave fovea epitubaria. Ŋe short posterior process is dorsoventrally thick and in medial aspect, its posterior margin is broadly curved and lacks a sharp posterior crest. Although the distal part of the posterior process is abraded, the proximal part of the posterior bullar facet is ventrally deflected. In ventral aspect, the long axis of the pars cochlearis forms an angle of approximately 130° with the long axis of the pars cochlearis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF9B861127367E11FDF838F2" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="891" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9B861627367E11FE3C39B4" blockId="75.[111,649,628,1700]" box="[113,423,628,654]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">REMARKS AND COMPARISONS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9B861627367EF6FC923EDE" blockId="75.[111,649,628,1700]" lastBlockId="75.[674,1211,216,1700]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">
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Ŋis petrosal (UCMP 219480) exhibits one delphinoid feature (lateral side of petrosal smooth;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861627347EB6FE1539D5" author="GEISLER J. H. & SANDERS A. E." box="[115,398,723,749]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="23 - 129" refId="ref68854" refString="GEISLER J. H. & SANDERS A. E. 2003. - Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1 / 2): 23 - 129." type="journal article" year="2003">Geisler & Sanders 2003</bibRefCitation>
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), and two phocoenid synapomorphies: a posterior process that is ventrally deflected, and an angle between the posterior process and long axis of the pars cochlearis less than 135° (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861627F17F34FE2D3854" author="MURAKAMI M. & SHIMADA C. & HIKIDA Y. & HIRANO H." box="[182,438,849,876]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="1157 - 1171" refId="ref72890" refString="MURAKAMI M., SHIMADA C., HIKIDA Y. & HIRANO H. 2012 a. - A new basal porpoise, Pterophocaena nishinoi (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea), from the Upper Miocene of Japan and its phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 1157 - 1171." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Murakami
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861626757F37FEFC3853" box="[306,359,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">et al.</emphasis>
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2012a
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</bibRefCitation>
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, b). Ŋis specimen differs from petrosals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861626CE7F14FD8D38B3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[393,534,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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unnamed genus 2 (see below) in its larger size, larger, bilobate anterior process (rather than small and conical), and proportionately smaller posterior process. It further differs from another undescribed broadheaded phocoenid from the San Diego Formation (SDNHM 38340) in lacking a medially directed anterior process and circular internal acoustic meatus. UCMP 219480 appears to represent a taxon distinct from cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B8616266A78EBFE143F90" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[301,399,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Phocoena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B8616266A78EBFE143F90" box="[301,399,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Phocoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(based on petrosals of modern
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B8616278D78CBFEB23FF0" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[202,297,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Phocoena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B8616278D78CBFEB23FF0" box="[202,297,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Phocoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861626D378CBFD873FF0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[404,540,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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unnamed genus 2 (= “
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861627BF78A8FE1E3FDF" authority="Boessenecker, 2013" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[248,389,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" status="gen. nov.">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2090D16FF9B861626C878ABFD983FD0" box="[399,515,1230,1256]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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” of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B8616257278A8FF773E3F" author="RACICOT R. & DEMERE T. A. & ROWE T." pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="132" refId="ref74632" refString="RACICOT R., DEMERE T. A. & ROWE T. 2007. - Morphology of a bizarre new fossil porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene San Diego Formation of southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3, supplement): 132 A." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Racicot
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B86162734788BFF333E3F" box="[115,168,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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), based on referred petrosals from the San Diego Formation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861626387968FD8E3E1F" author="BARNES L. G." box="[383,533,1293,1319]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="37 - 42" refId="ref64144" refString="BARNES L. G. 1973. - Pliocene cetaceans of the San Diego Formation, San Diego, California, in ROSS A. & DOWLEN R. J. (eds), Studies on the Geology and Geologic Hazards of the Greater San Diego Area, California. San Diego Association of Geologists, San Diego, California: 37 - 42." type="book chapter" year="1973">Barnes 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 2g-j). Isolated petrosals from the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation (UCMP 95963, 219486, UCMP uncatalogued, field no. FP-177, SCMNH 21221, 21222, 21224) share with this specimen a large, anteroposteriorly broad pars cochlearis with a small teardrop-shaped internal acoustic meatus, a small and ventromedially deflected posterior process, and an inflated anterior process that is bilobate at its apex. Other petrosals matching this morphology (listed above) consistently exhibit a sharp triangular projection at the posterolateral apex of the posterior process; this appears abraded in UCMP 219480. Ŋis feature is noteworthy as it is unique to petrosals of this morphotype within the available sample of odontocete petrosals from the Purisima Formation. Ŋese isolated petrosals (UCMP 95963, 219480, 219486, etc.) share these characteristics with a petrosal associated with a partial skeleton from the Purisima Formation near Santa Cruz (UCMP 128285) which was identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861625827DB0FCCA3AD7" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[709,849,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species C” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861624A07DB3FB1B3AD7" author="BARNES L. G." box="[999,1152,469,496]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref64210" refString="BARNES L. G. 1977. - Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages. Systematic Zoology 25: 321 - 343." type="journal article" year="1977">Barnes (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Ŋis specimen and another cranium (UCMP 219504) exhibit a combination of delphinid and phocoenid characteristics, including an asymmetrical skull with a right premaxilla extending further posteriorly than the left and contacting the nasal (a delphinid synapomorphy), as well as premaxillary eminences, a frontal knob, and spatulate teeth (phocoenid synapomorphies). In addition to this undescribed taxon and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861624557E97FCDD3815" authority="Ichishima & Kimura, 2005" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toyoshimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624557E97FBAB3834" box="[786,1072,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Haborophocoena toyoshimai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861623727E97FCDD3815" author="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M." pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="655 - 664" refId="ref69963" refString="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M. 2005. - Haborophocoena toyoshimai, a new Early Pliocene porpoise (Cetacea, Phocoenidae) from Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 655 - 664." type="journal article" year="2005">Ichishima & Kimura, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several additional delphinid-like phocoenids have been described recently from the Pliocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3592CEFFF9B861624597F37FCC13854" box="[798,858,850,876]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B8616248B7F34FB2E38B3" authority="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Archaeophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teshioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B8616248B7F34FD4438B3" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Archaeophocaena teshioensis</emphasis>
|
||
Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861625E17FF4FD7838F3" authority="Ichishima & Kimura, 2009" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2009" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861625E17FF4FC233893" box="[678,952,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Haborophocoena minutis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861624857FF4FD7838F3" author="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M." pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="855 - 874" refId="ref70001" refString="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M. 2009. - A new species of Haborophocoena, an Early Pliocene phocoenid cetacean from Hokkaido, Japan. Marine Mammal Science 25: 855 - 874." type="journal article" year="2009">Ichishima & Kimura, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861624647FD5FC4B38D2" authority="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Miophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nishinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624647FD5FB8A38F2" box="[803,1041,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Miophocaena nishinoi</emphasis>
|
||
Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B8616249C7FB5FD453F32" author="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M." pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="855 - 874" refId="ref70001" refString="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M. 2009. - A new species of Haborophocoena, an Early Pliocene phocoenid cetacean from Hokkaido, Japan. Marine Mammal Science 25: 855 - 874." type="journal article" year="2009">Ichishima & Kimura 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861625A07F95FC443F33" author="MURAKAMI M. & SHIMADA C. & HIKIDA Y. & HIRANO, H." box="[743,991,1008,1035]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="1172 - 1185" refId="ref72945" refString="MURAKAMI M., SHIMADA C., HIKIDA Y. & HIRANO, H. 2012 b. - Two new extinct basal phocoenids (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the Upper Miocene Koetoi Formation of Japan and their phylogenetic significance. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 1172 - 1185." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Murakami
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624197F94FC0B3F32" box="[862,912,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given this mixture of characteristics, it is interesting to note that an isolated petrosal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B86162436784AFC613F71" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[881,1018,1071,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
unnamed genus 1 (UCMP 95963) was identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B8616234C782AFB3B3F51" author="BARNES L. G." box="[1035,1184,1103,1129]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref64210" refString="BARNES L. G. 1977. - Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages. Systematic Zoology 25: 321 - 343." type="journal article" year="1977">Barnes (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as aff.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B86162588780AFCB83FB0" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" box="[719,803,1135,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B86162588780AFCB83FB0" box="[719,803,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Tursiops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although similar in some regards to delphinid petrosals (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861624EC78EAFC653F90" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" box="[939,1022,1167,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624EC78EAFC653F90" box="[939,1022,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Tursiops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), UCMP 219480 and other petrosals of this unnamed taxon (listed above) differ in having a much larger anterior process and smaller posterior bullar facet that lacks striations. Delphinoid features include relatively short anterior and posterior processes and the lack of an anterior bullar facet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861624CA7929FBB33E5E" author="FORDYCE R. E." box="[909,1064,1356,1382]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="147 - 176" refId="ref68561" refString="FORDYCE R. E. 1994. - Waipatia maerewhenua, new genus and new species, Waipatiidae, new family, an archaic Late Oligocene dolphin (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Platanistoidea) from New Zealand. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29: 147 - 176." type="journal article" year="1994">Fordyce 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; delphinidan features according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861624D57909FBA33EBE" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[914,1080,1388,1414]" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="159 - 227" refId="ref72620" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1988 a. - Les relations phylogenetiques des Delphinida (Cetacea, Mammalia). Annales de Paleontologie 74: 159 - 227." type="journal article" year="1988">Muizon 1988a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Identification of UCMP 219480 is based on skull features of crania of this unnamed taxon (UCMP 128285, 219504).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF9B861125FC798EFDF838F2" blockId="75.[674,1211,216,1700]" lastBlockId="76.[111,648,216,970]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="891" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">
|
||
Petrosals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B8616247C798EFC5E3D3D" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[827,965,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
unnamed genus 1 (including UCMP 219480) are most similar to the Early Pliocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861624047A4EFC543D7C" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2005" box="[835,975,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toyoshimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624047A4EFC543D7C" box="[835,975,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">H.toyoshimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Late Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861625E47A2EFC813D5C" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" box="[675,794,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Miophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nishinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861625E47A2EFC813D5C" box="[675,794,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">M. nishinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; UCMP 219480 shares two features in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9B861624707A0CFD413D9C" authority="Ichishima & Kimura, 2005" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9B861624707A0CFC413DBB" box="[823,986,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="890">Haborophocoena</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF9B861624A77A0CFD413D9C" author="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M." pageId="75" pageNumber="890" pagination="655 - 664" refId="ref69963" refString="ICHISHIMA H. & KIMURA M. 2005. - Haborophocoena toyoshimai, a new Early Pliocene porpoise (Cetacea, Phocoenidae) from Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 655 - 664." type="journal article" year="2005">Ichishima & Kimura, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the exclusion of other phocoenids, notably an unusually robust and swollen anterior process (also shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861126667C92FE1F3A09" authority="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Miophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C861126667C92FE3C3A29" box="[289,423,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Miophocaena</emphasis>
|
||
Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a posterolaterally directed posterior process with a spine (present in UCMP 219486, SCMNH 21221, 21222, and 21224; also shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C8611262A7D13FDB93A88" authority="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Pterophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nishinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C8611262A7D13FDCC3AA8" box="[365,599,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Pterophocaena nishinoi</emphasis>
|
||
Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). UCMP 219480 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861126237DD0FE603AD7" authority="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano, 2012" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Pterophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C861126237DD0FD9B3AF7" box="[356,512,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Pterophocaena</emphasis>
|
||
Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF9C861126867DB0FE603AD7" box="[449,507,469,495]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11048" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" unit="in" value="2012.0">2012</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a more inflated and bilobate anterior process, and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861127BB7E70FE1C3917" authorityName="Murakami, Shimada, Hikida & Hirano" authorityYear="2012" box="[252,391,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Miophocaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C861127BB7E70FE1C3917" box="[252,391,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Miophocaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a smaller internal acoustic meatus. Interestingly, crania of this undescribed taxon from the Purisima Formation (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C8611273D7E11FE9D39B6" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[122,262,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
unnamed genus 1) also share several features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861127BA7EF6FE323995" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2005" box="[253,425,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C861127BA7EF6FE323995" box="[253,425,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Haborophocoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including large size, an elongate rostrum, an asymmetrical facial region, a frontal knob, relatively flat facial plane and low premaxillary eminences. Consideration of the generic identity of this taxon and relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861127367F57FE863874" authorityName="Ichishima & Kimura" authorityYear="2005" box="[113,285,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" genus="Haborophocoena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF9C861127367F57FE863874" box="[113,285,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">Haborophocoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
awaits description of more complete cranial material from the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation. Fossils of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF9C861126BA7F14FD1C38B3" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[509,647,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
unnamed genus 1 have thus far not been found outside the Purisima Formation in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFF9C861126A97FD5FDC438F2" box="[494,607,944,970]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="76" pageNumber="891">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |