treatments-xml/data/03/E7/DD/03E7DD69FF97861A279B7D72FDA23E5E.xml
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<mods:title id="30ABF0CA87611E838EC6AE2F8EAD57BA">A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4327FD2898D7F1BFA192B52B5F85DBC6">Boessenecker, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E7DD69FF97861A279B7D72FDA23E5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538743" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182400962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538743" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7DD69FF97861A279B7D72FDA23E5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7DD69FF97861A279B7D72FDA23E5E" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A279B7D72FEFC3AA5" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A279B7D72FD863A09" blockId="71.[220,541,279,306]" box="[220,541,279,306]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
<heading id="D0B9DB13FF97861A279B7D72FD863A09" box="[220,541,279,306]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A279B7D72FEF93A09" ID-CoL="934" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[220,354,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Delphinidae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367D34FEFC3AA5" blockId="71.[113,648,336,413]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
REFERRED MATERIAL. — UCMP 219174, an isolated tympanic bulla collected by R. W. Boessenecker from UCMP locality
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFF97861A26487DE0FEF83AA5" box="[271,355,389,413]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99853" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="EnaNcbi">V99853</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A27367DD3FD123893" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367DD3FD1C393A" blockId="71.[111,647,437,514]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Middle part of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, Early Pliocene (
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A27307D8FFF1C3939" box="[119,135,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">c.</emphasis>
5-3.35 Ma; Zanclean-Piacenzian equivalent;
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A25067D8FFDE1393A" box="[577,634,490,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1221,1239]" captionTargetBox="[761,1205,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[759,1205,592,972]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Purisima Formation: A, Stratigraphic column of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (in meters), showing stratigraphic position of UCMP vertebrate localities, dated ash beds, diatom floras, and species of Carcharodon; thickness measurements start over above missing section in uppermost part due lack of overlapping strata; epoch and stage boundaries marked as &quot;?&quot; are estimated; modified from Boessenecker (2011a); Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary after Hilgen et al. (2012); B, photograph of 3-4 m thick ash within Purisima Formation at mouth of San Gregorio Creek correlated with 2.5 Ma Ishi Tuff (Powell et al.2007); C, trace fossils in pervasively bioturbated sandstone,Purisima Formation,mouth of San Gregorio Creek; D, swaley cross-stratified sandstone, mouth of San Gregorio Creek. Abbreviations: Qt, Pleistocene terrace deposits; Tp, Purisima Formation; C, claystone; St, siltstone; Ss, sandstone. Scale bars: A, 2 m; B, C, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538204/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367E50FE993975" blockId="71.[111,649,565,939]" box="[113,258,565,591]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367E31FD123893" blockId="71.[111,649,565,939]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
Ŋis specimen is small (
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FF97861A26257E31FE253956" box="[354,446,596,622]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="58.[161,172,1180,1198]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 12. — Measurements (in mm) of odontocete tympanic bullae. Measurements given to nearest tenth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFEA866727E678F9FB173F96" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFEA866727E678F9FB173F96">Table 12</tableCitation>
) and rectangular in dorsal aspect (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A27BA7E11FE1239B6" box="[253,393,628,654]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39B, E, I</figureCitation>
). Ŋe posterior process is small, dorsoventrally shallow, and bears several longitudinal striations on the posterior bullar facet.Ŋe inner and outer posterior prominences are similar in transverse width, but the outer posterior prominence is positioned slightly further posterior to the inner posterior prominence (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A262F7F57FE583874" box="[360,451,818,844]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39I</figureCitation>
). Ŋe involucrum of UCMP 219174 is anteriorly inflated (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A255A7F34FDE03854" box="[541,635,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
). In medial aspect, the inner posterior prominence of UCMP 219174 forms an acute angle at its apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A27367FB4FDA23E5E" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367FB4FE3C38D1" blockId="71.[111,649,977,1382]" box="[113,423,977,1003]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">REMARKS AND COMPARISONS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367F95FDA23E5E" blockId="71.[111,649,977,1382]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
Ŋis specimen exhibits one synapomorphy of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A2735786AFF6C3F11" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1988" box="[114,247,1039,1065]" infraOrder="Delphinida" pageId="71" pageNumber="872" rank="infraOrder">Delphinida</taxonomicName>
, an anteriorly inflated involucrum (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF97861A273C784AFEBC3F71" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[123,295,1071,1097]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" pagination="159 - 227" refId="ref72620" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1988 a. - Les relations phylogenetiques des Delphinida (Cetacea, Mammalia). Annales de Paleontologie 74: 159 - 227." type="journal article" year="1988">Muizon 1988a</bibRefCitation>
). It also exhibits one delphinid synapomorphy, a ventral crest on the medial lobe that terminates posterior to the midpoint of the bulla (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF97861A27FC78EBFE4B3F90" author="GEISLER J. H. &amp; SANDERS A. E." box="[187,464,1166,1192]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" pagination="23 - 129" refId="ref68854" refString="GEISLER J. H. &amp; SANDERS A. E. 2003. - Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1 / 2): 23 - 129." type="journal article" year="2003">Geisler &amp; Sanders 2003</bibRefCitation>
). It is similar in morphology to UCMP 219034 (tentatively referred to a globicephaline below), except for its much smaller size. Ŋis specimen is generally similar to tympanic bullae of extant delphinine delphinids, and represents a single occurrence of a small-bodied delphinid in the San Gregorio assemblage.
</paragraph>
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