treatments-xml/data/03/E7/DD/03E7DD69FF97861427F1798EFB223F71.xml

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<mods:title id="04954FAF974DF7A810E92261CA26E18B">A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E7DD69FF97861427F1798EFB223F71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818632" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182400964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4818632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7DD69FF97861427F1798EFB223F71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7DD69FF97861427F1798EFB223F71" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A27F1798EFDD93D3D" box="[182,578,1515,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27F1798EFDD93D3D" blockId="71.[182,578,1515,1541]" box="[182,578,1515,1541]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
<heading id="D0B9DB13FF97861A27F1798EFDD93D3D" box="[182,578,1515,1541]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" reason="2">
cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A2790798EFE1C3D3D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[215,391,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A27367A47FC863A07" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A27367A47FE833D9B" blockId="71.[112,648,1569,1699]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
REFERRED MATERIAL. — UCMP 219034, a partial right tympanic bulla, collected by R.W. Boessenecker from UCMP locality 
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFF97861A265C7A33FEE93D56" box="[283,370,1622,1646]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99842" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="EnaNcbi">V99842</accessionNumber>
; UCMP 219162, a partial tooth collected by R.W. Boessenecker from UCMP locality 
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFF97861A27877AEEFE883D9B" box="[192,275,1675,1699]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99833" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="EnaNcbi">V99833</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A25E27CBDFC863A07" blockId="71.[677,1211,215,319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Middle part of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, Early Pliocene (
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A24427D68FC8E3A1C" box="[773,789,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">c.</emphasis>
5.6-3.35 Ma; Zanclean-Piacenzian equivalent; 
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A25907D43FC8A3A07" box="[727,785,294,319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1221,1239]" captionTargetBox="[761,1205,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[759,1205,592,972]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Purisima Formation: A, Stratigraphic column of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (in meters), showing stratigraphic position of UCMP vertebrate localities, dated ash beds, diatom floras, and species of Carcharodon; thickness measurements start over above missing section in uppermost part due lack of overlapping strata; epoch and stage boundaries marked as &quot;?&quot; are estimated; modified from Boessenecker (2011a); Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary after Hilgen et al. (2012); B, photograph of 3-4 m thick ash within Purisima Formation at mouth of San Gregorio Creek correlated with 2.5 Ma Ishi Tuff (Powell et al.2007); C, trace fossils in pervasively bioturbated sandstone,Purisima Formation,mouth of San Gregorio Creek; D, swaley cross-stratified sandstone, mouth of San Gregorio Creek. Abbreviations: Qt, Pleistocene terrace deposits; Tp, Purisima Formation; C, claystone; St, siltstone; Ss, sandstone. Scale bars: A, 2 m; B, C, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538204/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861A25E27D32FB213FF0" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A25E27D32FCAE3A57" blockId="71.[675,1211,343,1224]" box="[677,821,343,369]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A25E27D13FBD939F5" blockId="71.[675,1211,343,1224]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
Ŋe isolated tooth (UCMP 219162) is missing part of the root, and the tip of the crown was abraded away during life (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A24237DD0FC2D3AE8" box="[868,950,437,464]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="74.[677,688,595,613]" captionTargetBox="[687,1204,216,553]" captionTargetId="figure-552@74.[680,1210,214,555]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIG. 40.— Partial tooth of cf. Globicephalinae gen.et sp.indet.in: A, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162);B, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162); C, lingual view (UCMP 219162); D, apical view (UCMP 219162). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538295/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
). While the lingual and labial directions are obvious on this specimen, anterior and posterior are not, and thus it is unclear if it is an upper or a lower tooth. Ŋe conical root is elongate, straight, oval in cross section, and basally tapering (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A24197E31FC5A3956" box="[862,961,596,622]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="74.[677,688,595,613]" captionTargetBox="[687,1204,216,553]" captionTargetId="figure-552@74.[680,1210,214,555]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIG. 40.— Partial tooth of cf. Globicephalinae gen.et sp.indet.in: A, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162);B, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162); C, lingual view (UCMP 219162); D, apical view (UCMP 219162). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538295/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
). Ŋe crown is conical, with smooth enamel, a lingually curved tip, and oval in cross section (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A24CF7EF6FB9D3996" box="[904,1030,659,686]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="74.[677,688,595,613]" captionTargetBox="[687,1204,216,553]" captionTargetId="figure-552@74.[680,1210,214,555]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIG. 40.— Partial tooth of cf. Globicephalinae gen.et sp.indet.in: A, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162);B, anterior or posterior view (UCMP 219162); C, lingual view (UCMP 219162); D, apical view (UCMP 219162). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538295/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 40A, B</figureCitation>
). Ŋe crown and root are anteroposteriorly compressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A25FC7EB6FB213FF0" blockId="71.[675,1211,343,1224]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
Ŋe tympanic bulla (UCMP 219034) is missing most of the outer lip as well as the posterior process; it is large for an odontocete (
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF97861A23467F77FBD43815" box="[1025,1103,786,813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
in length; 
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FF97861A25E47F57FC9F3874" box="[675,772,818,844]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="58.[161,172,1180,1198]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 12. — Measurements (in mm) of odontocete tympanic bullae. Measurements given to nearest tenth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFEA866727E678F9FB173F96" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFEA866727E678F9FB173F96">Table 12</tableCitation>
). Ŋe involucrum is robust and sinuous in medial view, and anteriorly, the involucrum is inflated in medial aspect (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A24847F14FBC038B4" box="[963,1115,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39C, F, J</figureCitation>
). A ventromedial keel is present on the medial lobe, but terminates at about the midpoint of the bulla. Ŋe dorsal crest of the involucrum is anteriorly high and sharp, and in dorsal aspect, it has a sinuous outline (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A25EC786AFC893F12" box="[683,786,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
). Faint transverse creases occur on the medial and dorsal surfaces of the involucrum. Ŋe inner posterior prominence is dorsoventrally narrow and does not extend as far posteriorly as the outer posterior prominence; the outer posterior prominence is large and hemispherical (
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF97861A231478CBFB353FF0" box="[1107,1198,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Fig. 39J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FF97861425E2788BFB223F71" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861A25E2788BFC413E3E" blockId="71.[674,1210,1262,1700]" box="[677,986,1262,1288]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">REMARKS AND COMPARISONS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF97861425E27968FD813A69" blockId="71.[674,1210,1262,1700]" lastBlockId="73.[111,649,216,1699]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">
Ŋe tooth (UCMP 219162) is larger than all nonglobicephaline delphinids (including 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A23767948FC863E5E" authority="Fitzinger, 1860" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A23767948FB193E7F" box="[1073,1154,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Orcinus</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1860
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A24177929FB0D3E5E" authority="Brandt, 1873" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1873" box="[848,1174,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Hemisyntrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A24177929FB993E5E" box="[848,1026,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Hemisyntrachelus</emphasis>
Brandt, 1873
</taxonomicName>
for the purposes of this study), including 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A23737908FB1C3EBE" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" box="[1076,1159,1389,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A23737908FB1C3EBE" box="[1076,1159,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Tursiops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is also larger than the teeth of some globicephalines (
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A25EA79C9FCF73EFD" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[685,876,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Feresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A25EA79C9FD713EFD" box="[685,746,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Feresa</emphasis>
Gray, 1870
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A243F79C9FBCC3EFD" authority="Gray, 1828" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[888,1111,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A243F79C9FC4D3EFE" box="[888,982,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Grampus</emphasis>
Gray, 1828
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A232479CEFCBB3EDD" authority="Gray, 1866" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcaella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A232479CEFB223EFD" box="[1123,1209,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Orcaella</emphasis>
Gray, 1866
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A246A79AEFD793D3E" authority="Nishiwaki and Norris, 1966" authorityName="Nishiwaki and Norris" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Peponocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A246A79AEFC5A3EDD" box="[813,961,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Peponocephala</emphasis>
Nishiwaki and Norris, 1966
</taxonomicName>
). In terms of size and morphology, UCMP 219162 compares best with teeth of the fossil globicephalines 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A24567A4FFBFB3D7D" authority="(Bianucci 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Bianucci" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[785,1120,1578,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Hemisyntrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A24567A4FFC213D7C" box="[785,954,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Hemisyntrachelus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF97861A24827A4FFBC23D7D" author="BIANUCCI G." box="[965,1113,1578,1605]" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" pagination="73 - 167" refId="ref65591" refString="BIANUCCI G. 1996. - Ne Odontoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from Italian Pliocene. Systematics and phylogenesis of Delphinidae. Palaeontolographica Italica 83: 73 - 167." type="journal article" year="1996">Bianucci 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A23C87A4EFBFF3DBC" authority="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera, 2009" authorityName="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera" authorityYear="2009" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Protoglobicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A23C87A4EFC0C3D5C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Protoglobicephala mexicana</emphasis>
Aguirre-Fernández, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp;Fernández-Rivera, 2009
</taxonomicName>
. UCMP 219162 further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF97861A24957AEFFBAB3D9C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[978,1072,1674,1700]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF97861A24957AEFFBAB3D9C" box="[978,1072,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="886">Grampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an elongate root with a closed pulp cavity; the roots of the few mandibular teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861526DA79AEFE603EDD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[413,507,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861526DA79AEFE603EDD" box="[413,507,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Grampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain open during ontogeny (Boessenecker, pers. obs.). UCMP 219162 differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF988615261F7A6FFE623D1C" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[344,505,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615261F7A6FFE623D1C" box="[344,505,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Delphinapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a curved root. Although teeth of the eastern North Pacific monodontid 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861526017A2FFF3C3DBC" authority="Barnes, 1984" authorityName="Almejas Fm. Barnes" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Denebola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861526017A2FFDAD3D5C" box="[326,566,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Denebola brachycephala</emphasis>
Barnes, 1984
</taxonomicName>
were not described or figured by Barnes (1984), the morphology of UCMP 219162 suggests that it does not belong to a monodontid. UCMP 219162 is similar in size and morphology to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF988615237379AEFC263D3D" authority="Gray, 1846" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615237379AEFCA63D3D" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Globicephala macrorhynchus</emphasis>
Gray, 1846
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861524B2798EFCB93D1C" authority="Traill, 1809" authorityName="Traill" authorityYear="1809" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melas">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861524B2798EFB223D3D" box="[1013,1209,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Globicephala melas</emphasis>
Traill, 1809
</taxonomicName>
, and substantially smaller than teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861525E27A4FFC5B3D7C" authority="Reinhardt, 1862" authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1862" box="[677,960,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861525E27A4FFC923D7C" box="[677,777,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Pseudorca</emphasis>
Reinhardt, 1862
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861524B27A4FFBDD3D7C" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1860" box="[1013,1094,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861524B27A4FFBDD3D7C" box="[1013,1094,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Orcinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although it lacks the more extremely developed anteroposterior root compression of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861524817A0CFBB13DBB" authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1862" box="[966,1066,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861524817A0CFBB13DBB" box="[966,1066,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Pseudorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861523267A0FFD6D3D9B" authority=", UCMP" authorityName="UCMP" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861523267A0FFB293DBC" box="[1121,1202,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Orcinus</emphasis>
, UCMP
</taxonomicName>
219162 is similar in tooth morphology to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427367CBDFE0F3BCA" authority="Lesson, 1828" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[113,404,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427367CBDFF623BCA" box="[113,249,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Globicephala</emphasis>
Lesson, 1828
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426887CBDFEEE3A09" authority="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera, 2009" authorityName="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera" authorityYear="2009" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Protoglobicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426887CBDFD1D3BCA" box="[463,646,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Protoglobicephala</emphasis>
Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera, 2009
</taxonomicName>
, and is tentatively identified as an indeterminate globicephaline.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF313CF7FF988615273678AAFE3D3E51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" startId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" targetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" targetPageId="72">
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF988615273678AAFE3D3E51" blockId="72.[113,1211,1231,1385]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">
FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615250478AAFDCB3FD9" bold="true" box="[579,592,1231,1249]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">A</emphasis>
, UCMP 219176, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861525A578AAFCCB3FD9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[738,848,1231,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocoenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocoenidae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615232D78AAFBEC3FD9" bold="true" box="[1130,1143,1231,1249]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">B</emphasis>
, UCMP 219174, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861527FE7883FE873FC0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[185,284,1254,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Delphinidae</taxonomicName>
gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861525617880FDAF3FCF" bold="true" box="[550,564,1253,1271]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">C</emphasis>
, UCMP 219034, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF988615259D7880FCFB3FCF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[730,864,1253,1271]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615232C7883FBE23FC0" bold="true" box="[1131,1145,1254,1272]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">D</emphasis>
, UCMP 219176 in medial view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861526737899FEDB3E36" bold="true" box="[308,320,1276,1294]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">E</emphasis>
, UCMP 219174 in medial view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615250F7899FDC83E36" bold="true" box="[584,595,1276,1294]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">F</emphasis>
, UCMP 219034 in medial view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615241B7899FCF13E36" bold="true" box="[860,874,1276,1294]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">H</emphasis>
, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861523347899FBE23E36" bold="true" box="[1139,1145,1276,1294]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">I</emphasis>
, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861526707976FEDA3E1D" bold="true" box="[311,321,1299,1317]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">J</emphasis>
, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861525097976FDC03E1D" bold="true" box="[590,603,1299,1317]" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">K</emphasis>
, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861526B4794CFCD33E04" authority="Gray, 1846" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[499,840,1321,1340]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861526B4794CFD7E3E04" box="[499,741,1321,1340]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Globicephala macrorhynchus</emphasis>
Gray, 1846
</taxonomicName>
, CAS 16466; 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861524FD794CFB2C3E04" authority="Cuvier, 1812" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1812" box="[954,1207,1321,1340]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861524FD794CFBDD3E04" box="[954,1094,1321,1340]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Grampus griseus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1812
</taxonomicName>
, CAS 13461; 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF988615279B7925FE543E6A" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[220,463,1344,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orca">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF988615279B7925FEDC3E6A" box="[220,327,1344,1362]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Orcinus orca</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, CAS 23814; 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861525047925FCF23E6A" authority="Owen, 1846" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1846" box="[579,873,1344,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassidens">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861525047925FD613E6A" box="[579,762,1344,1362]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Pseudorca crassidens</emphasis>
Owen, 1846
</taxonomicName>
, AMNH 18965; 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF98861524A97925FF063E51" authority="Gray, 1866" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF98861524A97925FB133E6A" box="[1006,1160,1344,1362]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="887">Tursiops truncatus</emphasis>
Gray, 1866
</taxonomicName>
, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF99861427CF7D32FE343E1F" blockId="73.[111,649,216,1699]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">
Because of the large size of the tympanic bulla, UCMP 219034 cannot be identified as a small odontocete like 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427B87DF2FE063A88" authorityName="Barnes" authorityYear="1984" box="[255,413,407,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Lipotidae" genus="Parapontoporia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427B87DF2FE063A88" box="[255,413,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Parapontoporia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), any fossil or extant phocoenid, or any small-bodied delphinid (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427F47DB3FE903AD7" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" box="[179,267,470,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427F47DB3FE903AD7" box="[179,267,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Tursiops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other non-globicephaline delphinids), although it is within the size range of globicephaline delphinids (e.g., pilot whales) as well as the beluga, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426477E51FE073976" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[256,412,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426477E51FE073976" box="[256,412,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Delphinapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ŋis specimen differs from the enigmatic delphinoid 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426937E31FD1F3956" authorityName="Almejas Fm. Barnes" authorityYear="1984" box="[468,644,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Albireonidae" genus="Albireo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whistleri">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426937E31FD1F3956" box="[468,644,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Albireo whistleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being transversely narrower with a transversely narrower involucrum with a sinuous (rather than straight) lateral margin; furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426AE7ED6FD1C39F5" authorityName="Almejas Fm. Barnes" authorityYear="1984" box="[489,647,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Albireonidae" genus="Albireo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whistleri">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426AE7ED6FD1C39F5" box="[489,647,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Albireo whistleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a convex medial margin of the involucrum (straight in UCMP 219034), and an inner posterior prominence that extends as far posterior as the lateral posterior prominence. UCMP 219034 differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614279D7F34FE483853" authorityName="Almejas Fm. Barnes" authorityYear="1984" box="[218,467,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Denebola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephala">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614279D7F34FE483853" box="[218,467,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Denebola brachycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426A67F34FDE43853" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[481,639,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426A67F34FDE43853" box="[481,639,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Delphinapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427E67F14FE2938B4" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[161,434,881,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Monodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427E67F14FE9F38B3" box="[161,260,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Monodon</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF998614263D7F14FE2938B4" box="[378,434,881,908]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46532" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" unit="in" value="1758.0">1758</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a ventral surface of the bulla that is dorsally arched in medial and lateral view. UCMP 219034 further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427EA7FB5FE3F38D2" authority="Barnes, 1984" authorityName="Barnes" authorityYear="1984" box="[173,420,976,1003]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Denebola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427EA7FB5FE9438D2" box="[173,271,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Denebola</emphasis>
Barnes, 
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF998614262B7FB5FE3F38D2" box="[364,420,976,1002]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03936" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" unit="in" value="1984.0">1984</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in being transversely narrower in ventral view, and possessing an inner posterior prominence that is transversely narrower and does not extend as far posteriorly as the outer posterior prominence. UCMP 219034 further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427BE780BFE0C3FB0" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[249,407,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427BE780BFE0C3FB0" box="[249,407,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Delphinapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a larger and more spherical outer posterior prominence, and in lacking an elongate ridge confluent with the inner posterior prominence on the medial surface. Because of these differences, UCMP 219034 is not identifiable as a monodontid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF99861427CF7948FBA43A88" blockId="73.[111,649,216,1699]" lastBlockId="73.[674,1211,216,1098]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">
UCMP 219034 exhibits one delphinid synapomorphy, a ventromedial keel of the tympanic bulla that terminates near the midpoint of the bulla (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF998614273C79E9FEE43E9E" author="GEISLER J. H. &amp; SANDERS A. E." box="[123,383,1420,1446]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" pagination="23 - 129" refId="ref68854" refString="GEISLER J. H. &amp; SANDERS A. E. 2003. - Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1 / 2): 23 - 129." type="journal article" year="2003">Geisler &amp; Sanders 2003</bibRefCitation>
). UCMP 219034 differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427F779C9FE983EFE" box="[176,259,1452,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427F779C9FE983EFE" box="[176,259,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Orcinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614265479CEFE073EFD" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[275,412,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614265479CEFE073EFD" box="[275,412,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Globicephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614269979CEFDDE3EFD" authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1862" box="[478,581,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614269979CEFDDE3EFD" box="[478,581,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Pseudorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its smaller size, but is larger than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426E479AEFE643EDD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[419,511,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426E479AEFE643EDD" box="[419,511,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Grampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614257679AEFD1D3EDD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[561,646,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcaella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614257679AEFD1D3EDD" box="[561,646,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Orcaella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137570FAFF998614273E798EFF533D3D" box="[121,200,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[113,124,1231,1249]" captionTargetBox="[124,1187,216,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-147@72.[570,1028,569,928]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tympanic bullae of delphinoid odontocetes; A, UCMP 219176, Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219174,Delphinidae gen.et sp.indet.in dorsal view;C, UCMP 219034, cf. Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. in dorsal view; D, UCMP 219176 in medial view; E, UCMP 219174 in medial view; F, UCMP 219034 in medial view; H, UCMP 219176 in ventral view; I, UCMP 219174 in ventral view; J, UCMP 219034 in ventral view; K, comparison of interpretive line drawings of extant delphinids; specimen numbers for extant specimens are as follows: Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, CAS 16466; Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, CAS 13461; Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758, CAS 23814; Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846, AMNH 18965; Tursiops truncatus Gray, 1866, CAS 16183). Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538293/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). Ŋe anterior inflation of the involucrum appears to characterize monodontids and most delphinids, except 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426047A4FFE0E3D7C" box="[323,405,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426047A4FFE0E3D7C" box="[323,405,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Orcinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614268A7A4FFDBE3D7C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[461,549,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcaella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614268A7A4FFDBE3D7C" box="[461,549,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Orcaella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. UCMP 219034 lacks the prominent anterior spine which characterizes 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861427BA7A0CFE1F3DBB" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[253,388,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861427BA7A0CFE1F3DBB" box="[253,388,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Globicephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861426F17A0FFD8F3DBC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[438,532,1642,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861426F17A0FFD8F3DBC" box="[438,532,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Grampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although similar in involucral morphology, this specimen differs from the extinct delphinids 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861423747CBDFC383A2A" authority="Bianucci, 2005" authorityName="Bianucci" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Arimidelphis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorbinii">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861423747CBDFD6F3A29" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Arimidelphis sorbinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF99861425BC7C92FC383A2A" author="BIANUCCI G." box="[763,931,247,274]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref65650" refString="BIANUCCI G. 2005. - Arimidelphis sorbinii a new small killer whale-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Marecchia River (Central eastern Italy) and a phylogenetic analysis of the Orcininae (Cetacea: Odontoceti). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 111: 329 - 344." type="journal article" year="2005">Bianucci, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861424E87C9DFBB13A29" authorityName="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera" authorityYear="2009" box="[943,1066,248,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Protoglobicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861424E87C9DFBB13A29" box="[943,1066,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">P. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614237E7C9DFBAF3A09" authority="Pilleri &amp; Siber, 1989" authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Hemisyntrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oligodon">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614237E7C9DFCD83A09" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Hemisyntrachelus oligodon</emphasis>
Pilleri &amp; Siber, 1989
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861423327D7DFB9A3A69" authority="Fischer, 1829" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Hemisyntrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cortesii">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861423327D7DFCF03A69" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Hemisyntrachelus cortesii</emphasis>
Fischer, 
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFF998614248E7D52FB9A3A69" box="[969,1025,311,337]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6456599999999995" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" unit="in" value="1829.0">1829</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in having a more posteriorly projecting outer posterior prominence (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF99861425EC7D13FC053AA8" author="PILLERI G. &amp; PILLERI O." box="[683,926,374,400]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" pagination="63 - 106" refId="ref73503" refString="PILLERI G. &amp; PILLERI O. 1989 A. - Balaenoptera siberi, ein neuer balaenopterid (Cetacea) aus der Pisco- Formation Perus I, in PILLERI G. (ed.), Beitrage zur Palaontologie der Cetacean Perus. Hirnanatomisches Institut der Universitat Bern, Ostermundigen: 63 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1989">Pilleri &amp; Siber 1989a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF99861424EC7D13FBD53AA8" author="BIANUCCI G." box="[939,1102,374,400]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" pagination="73 - 167" refId="ref65591" refString="BIANUCCI G. 1996. - Ne Odontoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from Italian Pliocene. Systematics and phylogenesis of Delphinidae. Palaeontolographica Italica 83: 73 - 167." type="journal article" year="1996">Bianucci 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF998614231C7D13FD7A3A89" author="BIANUCCI G." pageId="73" pageNumber="888" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref65650" refString="BIANUCCI G. 2005. - Arimidelphis sorbinii a new small killer whale-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Marecchia River (Central eastern Italy) and a phylogenetic analysis of the Orcininae (Cetacea: Odontoceti). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 111: 329 - 344." type="journal article" year="2005">Bianucci 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Aguirre-Fernández 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861424FB7DF2FC6B3A88" box="[956,1008,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFF99861425FC7DD3FB223F71" blockId="73.[674,1211,216,1098]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">
UCMP 219034 shares a large and spherical outer posterior prominence with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861423667DB0FB113AD7" authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1057,1162,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861423667DB0FB113AD7" box="[1057,1162,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Pseudorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861425E27D90FCB73937" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[677,812,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861425E27D90FCB73937" box="[677,812,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Globicephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is lacking in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861423537D90FB293937" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[1044,1202,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" genus="Delphinapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861423537D90FB293937" box="[1044,1202,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Delphinapterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861425E27E70FC9A3917" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[677,769,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861425E27E70FC9A3917" box="[677,769,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Grampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF998614244B7E70FCC03917" box="[780,859,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Orcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614244B7E70FCC03917" box="[780,859,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Orcinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and non-globicephaline delphinids. Although being slightly smaller in absolute size, this specimen shares the most similarities among all globicephalines with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861424C57E11FC7C39B6" authorityName="Reinhardt" authorityYear="1862" box="[898,999,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Pseudorca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861424C57E11FC7C39B6" box="[898,999,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Pseudorca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, given the uncertain diagnostic utility of isolated odontocete bullae, UCMP 219034 is only tentatively identified to the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861424147EB6FB9D39D5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[851,1030,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
. UCMP 219034 and 219162 appear to represent additional (albeit fragmentary) records of globicephalines from the Pliocene of the eastern North Pacific along with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFF99861425E17F34FCC43853" authorityName="Aguirre-Fernandez, Barnes, Aranda-Manteca &amp; Fernandez-Rivera" authorityYear="2009" box="[678,863,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Protoglobicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861425E17F34FCC43853" box="[678,863,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Protoglobicephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFF99861424E27F34FBD73853" box="[933,1100,849,875]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">Baja California</collectingRegion>
(Aguirre- Fernández 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF998614245C7F17FCD538B3" box="[795,846,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
2009). Additional globicephaline fossils from the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation including a partial skull (UCMP 219233) and two petrosals (UCMP 219487 and 219488) were reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFF998614241E7F95FBF23F32" author="BOESSENECKER R. W. &amp; PERRY F. A. &amp; GEISLER J. H." box="[857,1129,1008,1034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="888" refId="ref66683" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W., PERRY F. A. &amp; GEISLER J. H. 2013. - Globicephaline whales from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of central California, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2013.0019" type="book" year="2013">
Boessenecker 
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFF99861424AE7F94FB823F32" box="[1001,1049,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. Nevertheless, globicephalines appear to be relatively rare in Late Neogene strata of the eastern North Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>