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<mods:title id="44B32CA32C90DBD7674A0554EC7353C3">“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A086935D0C34250BD6410234F4B4DBAE">SIMMONS, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50410052ABA5702503B12DEB9CE4A2D6">BIDGOOD, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FF11F9DAA78BC16F" ID-CoL="83N49" authority="Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali, 1982" authorityName="Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,710,1548,1572]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="atlasica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FF11F9DAA78BC16F" bold="true" box="[151,710,1548,1572]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FF11F9DAA436C16F" bold="true" box="[151,379,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Spirocyclina atlasica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FE05F9DAA78BC16F" author="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I." box="[387,710,1548,1572]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref95903" refString="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I., 1982. Sur la presence du genre Spirocyclina (Foraminifere) dans le Cenomanien superieur du Maroc. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 25 (2): 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1982">Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FF11F998A750C12D" blockId="51.[151,541,1614,1638]" box="[151,541,1614,1638]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Reference Illustration &amp; Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FF11F946A7FAC1E3" blockId="51.[151,771,1680,2068]" box="[151,695,1680,1704]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FF11F946A499C1E3" author="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I." box="[151,468,1680,1704]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref95903" refString="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I., 1982. Sur la presence du genre Spirocyclina (Foraminifere) dans le Cenomanien superieur du Maroc. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 25 (2): 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1982">Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 134-136, pls. 1-2.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FF11F967A43CC099" blockId="51.[151,771,1680,2068]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
The genus 
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FE88F967A4D8C182" box="[270,405,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Spirocyclina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a rather scattered stratigraphic distribution from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FDAEF922A78EC047" author="Maync, W." box="[552,707,1780,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="33 - 68" refId="ref89040" refString="Maync, W., 1959 b. The Foraminiferal genera Spirocyclina and Iberina. Micropaleontology, 5 (1): 33 - 68." type="journal article" year="1959">Maync, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
, for a review up to that date and an emended redescription of the 
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species and the genus). However, it had not been recorded from the Cenomanian (and the mid-Cretaceous as a whole) until 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FED3F8AEA7D8C0DB" author="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I." box="[341,661,1912,1936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref95903" refString="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I., 1982. Sur la presence du genre Spirocyclina (Foraminifere) dans le Cenomanien superieur du Maroc. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 25 (2): 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1982">Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali (1982)</bibRefCitation>
described a new species, 
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FEB8F84FA4E2C0FA" box="[318,431,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">S. atlasica</emphasis>
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, from the Late Cenomanian of the Moroccan Atlas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FF11F80AA01BC6D6" blockId="51.[151,771,1680,2068]" lastBlockId="51.[816,1437,158,745]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
It is assigned to the 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FDA1F80DA580CF5F" author="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H." pageId="51" pageNumber="90" refId="ref87900" refString="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2 vols." type="book" year="1988">Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FF59F82AA4C2CF5F" author="Kaminski, M. A." box="[223,399,2044,2068]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="89 - 108" refId="ref85985" refString="Kaminski, M. A., 2014. The year 2010 classification of the agglutinated foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 60 (1): 89 - 108." type="journal article" year="2014">Kaminski, 2014</bibRefCitation>
) together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FDBAF82AA7D1CF5F" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1963" box="[572,668,2044,2068]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Reissella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FDBAF82AA7D1CF5F" box="[572,668,2044,2068]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Reissella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and others. Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali’s figures (1982) show a form about 
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across which is a symmetrically flattened planispiral, but which uncoils in a distinctly, almost dramatically, peneropliform style. The generic characteristic of a double row of pores in the apertural face (which can increase to three rows in the later/final stage) is visible in suitably oriented thin-section. See the Species Key Chart (Appendix) for diagnostic and other characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FE71A111C52F" blockId="51.[816,1437,158,745]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FCB6FE71A130C6F4" author="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I." box="[816,1149,423,447]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref95903" refString="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I., 1982. Sur la presence du genre Spirocyclina (Foraminifere) dans le Cenomanien superieur du Maroc. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 25 (2): 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1982">Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali (1982)</bibRefCitation>
remark on the similarity between 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FC17FE1EA155C6AB" authorityName="Munier-Chalmas" authorityYear="1887" box="[913,1048,456,480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FC17FE1EA155C6AB" box="[913,1048,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Spirocyclina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Late Cretaceous genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FAE9FE1EA683C54A" authority="Marie." authorityName="Marie." class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Sornayina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FAE9FE1EA634C54A" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Sornayina</emphasis>
Marie.
</taxonomicName>
The latter genus forms a slightly more asymmetrical planispiral, has a lesser tendency to uncoil, and has a more randomly scattered cribrate aperture and a much more acute periphery.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FDBBA11EC5A2" blockId="51.[816,1437,158,745]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FCB6FDBBA158C5CE" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1963" box="[816,1045,621,645]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Reissella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ramonensis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FCB6FDBBA158C5CE" box="[816,1045,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Reissella ramonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in not being as flattened as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FCB6FD58A6EDC5ED" authorityName="Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali" authorityYear="1982" box="[816,928,654,678]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="atlasica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FCB6FD58A6EDC5ED" box="[816,928,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">S. atlasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also has a single main aperture with smaller secondary pores scattered across the apertural face, rather than two rows of openings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFEAA220FCB6FCC5A6B8C426" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FCC5A10FC460" blockId="51.[816,1090,787,811]" box="[816,1090,787,811]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Stratigraphic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FC80A6B8C426" blockId="51.[816,1437,853,1175]" box="[816,1013,853,877]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Late Cenomanian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFEAA220FCB6FCA0A19DC3DD" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FCA0A14BC378" blockId="51.[816,1437,853,1175]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FCB6FCA0A135C4C5" author="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I." box="[816,1144,886,910]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref95903" refString="Saint-Marc, P. &amp; Rahhali, I., 1982. Sur la presence du genre Spirocyclina (Foraminifere) dans le Cenomanien superieur du Maroc. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 25 (2): 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1982">Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali (1982)</bibRefCitation>
recorded 
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FB6DFCA0A013C4C5" box="[1259,1374,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">S. atlasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the late Cenomanian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEAA220FBBCFC4EA1D3C4E4" box="[1082,1182,920,943]" name="Morocco" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Morocco</collectingCountry>
. Further illustrated late Cenomanian Moroccan records are provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FAC9FC6EA6EDC4BA" author="Ettachfini, E. M." pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref80576" refString="Ettachfini, E. M., 1993. Le Vraconien, Cenomanien et Turonien du Bassin d'Essaouira (Haut Atlas Occidental, Maroc). Strata, ser. 2, 18: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1993">Ettachfini (1993</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FC28FC0FA6AEC4BA" author="Ettachfini, E. M." box="[942,995,985,1009]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" refId="ref80614" refString="Ettachfini, E. M., 2006. La transgression au passage du Cenomanien au Turonien sur le domaine Atlasique Marocain; stratigraphie integree et relations avec l'evenement oceanique global. Unpublished PhD thesis, University Chouaib Doukkali." type="book" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FC7BFC0FA1B8C4BA" author="Charriere, A. &amp; Andreu B. &amp; Ciszak, R. &amp; Kennedy, W. J. &amp; Rossi, A. &amp; Vila J. - M." box="[1021,1269,985,1009]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="551 - 569" refId="ref76373" refString="Charriere, A., Andreu B., Ciszak, R., Kennedy, W. J., Rossi, A. &amp; Vila J. - M., 1998. The Upper Cenomanian transgression in the High Moulouya and Southern Middle Atlas, Morocco (in French). Geobios, 31 (5): 551 - 569." type="journal article" year="1998">Charrière et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FAB2FC0FA684C359" author="Ettachfini, E. M. &amp; Souhel, A. &amp; Andreu, B. &amp; Caron, M." pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref80748" refString="Ettachfini, E. M., Souhel, A., Andreu, B. &amp; Caron, M., 2005. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Central High Atlas, Morocco. Geobios, 38: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Ettachfini et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, along with unillustrated records (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FCB6FBCDA6BAC378" author="Ciszak, R. &amp; Andreu, B. &amp; Charriere, A. &amp; Ettachfini, E-M. &amp; Rossi, A." box="[816,1015,1051,1075]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="451 - 464" refId="ref77174" refString="Ciszak, R., Andreu, B., Charriere, A., Ettachfini, E-M. &amp; Rossi, A., 1999. Le Cretace anteturonien du Moyen Atlas meridional et de la Haute Moulouya, Maroc: stratigraphie sequentiella et paleoenvironments. Bulletin Societe Geologique de France, 140 (4): 451 - 464." type="journal article" year="1999">Ciszak et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FBEAA19DC3DD" blockId="51.[816,1437,853,1175]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
The record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FC4BFBEAA137C31F" box="[973,1146,1084,1108]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FC4BFBEAA119C31F" box="[973,1108,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Spirocyclina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from the late Cenomanian of SE 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEAA220FCF0FB88A6F2C33E" box="[886,959,1118,1141]" name="France" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">France</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FC6FFB8BA18CC33E" author="Rineau, V. &amp; Floquet, M. &amp; Villier, L. &amp; Leonide, P. &amp; Blenet, A. &amp; Ackouala Mfere, A. P." box="[1001,1217,1117,1141]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" refId="ref95023" refString="Rineau, V., Floquet, M., Villier, L., Leonide, P., Blenet, A. &amp; Ackouala Mfere, A. P., 2021. Ecological successions of rudist communities: A sedimentological and palaeoecological analysis of upper Cenomanian rudist assemblages from the South-Provence Carbonate Platform (SE France). Sedimentary Geology, 424. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sedgeo. 2021.105964" type="book" year="2021">Rineau et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
appears to be better referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEAA220FC21FBA9A184C3DC" baseAuthorityName="De Castro" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[935,1225,1151,1175]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Soritidae" genus="Pseudorhapydionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FC21FBA9A184C3DC" box="[935,1225,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Pseudorhapydionina dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFEAA220FCB6FB17A68CC250" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FB17A1BAC392" blockId="51.[816,1271,1217,1241]" box="[816,1271,1217,1241]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Cenomanian Paleogeographic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FAD5A68CC250" blockId="51.[816,1436,1283,1440]" box="[816,961,1283,1307]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">North Africa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFEAA225FCB6FAF3A459C28A" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FAF3A020C2D4" blockId="51.[816,1436,1283,1440]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
In addition to the records from various parts of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEAA220FABAFAF3A0D1C277" box="[1340,1436,1317,1340]" name="Morocco" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Morocco</collectingCountry>
discussed above, the species is plausibly illustrated from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEAA220FCB6FAB0A623C235" box="[816,878,1382,1406]" name="Libya" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Libya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FCFBFAB0A11BC235" author="Dufaure, P. &amp; Fourcade, E. &amp; Massa, B." box="[893,1110,1382,1406]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="665 - 670" refId="ref79818" refString="Dufaure, P., Fourcade, E. &amp; Massa, B., 1984. Reality of Trans-Saharan marine communications between the Tethys and the Atlantic during Upper Cretaceous times. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 298 (15): 665 - 670." type="journal article" year="1984">Dufaure et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
) where its presence is used to infer a late Cenomanian age for the strata it occurs in.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6FA1CA1D3C2A9" blockId="51.[816,1182,1482,1506]" box="[816,1182,1482,1506]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEAA220FCB6FA1CA1D3C2A9" bold="true" box="[816,1182,1482,1506]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">Cenomanian ‘nummoloculinids’</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEAA220FCB6F9DAA1F1CF5F" blockId="51.[816,1437,1548,2068]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90">
Of all the taxa discussed in this review, the ‘nummolculinids’ exemplify the issues to be overcome in establishing an understanding of stratigraphic and palaeogeographic distribution of taxa. The identity of species is uncertain or disputed, names have been used as “buckets”, no matter if material is sufficent for identification, or, more often, if it is not. This was recognised by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FAF0F905A68EC047" author="Radoicic, R." pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref94042" refString="Radoicic, R., 1978. Salpingoporella milovanovici n. sp. a new dasyclad from the Cenomanian strata of the Dinarides and a note on the foraminifera Nummoloculina sp. (aff. regularis, Philippson). Annales Geologiques de la Peninsule Balkanique, 42: 375 - 381" type="journal article" year="1978">Radoičić (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, and more recently by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FB3DF922A0D6C047" author="Schlagintweit, F." box="[1211,1435,1780,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref96678" refString="Schlagintweit, F., 2008. Reassessment of &quot; Nummoloculina &quot; regularis Philippson, 1887, a benthic foraminifer from the Upper Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 248 (1): 115 - 122." type="journal article" year="2008">Schlagintweit (2008)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEAA220FCE6F8C3A115C066" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." box="[864,1112,1813,1837]" pageId="51" pageNumber="90" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Of the 150 or so papers that we know of that mention Cenomanian ‘nummoloculinids’, the majority lack illustration to confirm identification, notwithstanding the difficulties in doing so. The inevitable end-result is a smearing of ranges. Furthermore, single random sections of nummoloulinds may be confused with other taxa that show some broad similarities in coiling mode (and vice versa).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF336628FFEDA227FE43FCBCA1D8C4CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834263" box="[453,1173,874,896]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834263/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="91" startId="52.[453,486,874,895]" targetBox="[221,1400,171,851]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEDA227FE43FCBCA1D8C4CB" blockId="52.[453,1173,874,896]" box="[453,1173,874,896]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FE43FCBCA746C434" bold="true" box="[453,523,874,895]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">Fig. 38</emphasis>
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEDA227FC42FCBCA1C2C4CB" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1963" box="[964,1167,874,896]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Reissella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="52" pageNumber="91" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ramonensis">Reissella ramonensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336628FFEDA227FF28F894A61CC0D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834267/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="91" startId="52.[174,207,1858,1879]" targetBox="[208,1419,970,1837]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEDA227FF28F894A61CC0D8" blockId="52.[174,1421,1858,1939]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FF28F894A5B9C01C" bold="true" box="[174,244,1858,1879]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">Fig. 39</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEDA227FDA6F894A7A6C013" authorityName="Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali" authorityYear="1982" box="[544,747,1858,1880]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="52" pageNumber="91" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="atlasica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FDA6F894A7A6C013" box="[544,747,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">Spirocyclina atlasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a Equatorial section, Saint Marc and Rahhali (1982, pl. 2, fig. 1, Morocco); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FF7FF8B6A44BC03E" bold="true" box="[249,262,1888,1909]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">b</emphasis>
External View, Etachfini (2006, pl. 13, fig. 9, Morocco); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FCB4F8B6A670C03E" bold="true" box="[818,829,1888,1909]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">c</emphasis>
Subaxial section, Saint Marc and Rahhali (1982, pl. 2, fig. 8, Morocco); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEDA227FE9CF8ABA46AC0D9" bold="true" box="[282,295,1917,1938]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91">d</emphasis>
Axial section, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEDA227FE3FF8ABA7C5C0D8" author="Charriere, A. &amp; Andreu B. &amp; Ciszak, R. &amp; Kennedy, W. J. &amp; Rossi, A. &amp; Vila J. - M." box="[441,648,1917,1939]" pageId="52" pageNumber="91" pagination="551 - 569" refId="ref76373" refString="Charriere, A., Andreu B., Ciszak, R., Kennedy, W. J., Rossi, A. &amp; Vila J. - M., 1998. The Upper Cenomanian transgression in the High Moulouya and Southern Middle Atlas, Morocco (in French). Geobios, 31 (5): 551 - 569." type="journal article" year="1998">Charriere et al. (1998</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7(1), Morocco).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336628FFECA226FE58FC93A1E3C410" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834269" box="[478,1198,837,859]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834269/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" startId="53.[478,511,837,858]" targetBox="[241,1446,165,815]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FE58FC93A1E3C410" blockId="53.[478,1198,837,859]" box="[478,1198,837,859]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FE58FC93A76EC411" bold="true" box="[478,547,837,858]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Fig. 40</emphasis>
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FC5AFC93A1EAC410" authorityName="Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali" authorityYear="1982" box="[988,1191,837,859]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spirocyclinidae" genus="Spirocyclina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="atlasica">Spirocyclina atlasica</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FF11FC52A7D8C309" blockId="53.[151,772,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
These include genera such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FE7AFC52A7B1C4D7" authority="Schlumberger" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1900" box="[508,764,900,924]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Cornuspiridae" genus="Vidalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FE7AFC52A715C4D7" box="[508,600,900,924]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Vidalina</emphasis>
Schlumberger
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FF11FC73A4E9C4F6" authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,420,933,957]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rzehakinidae" genus="Spiroloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FF11FC73A465C4F6" box="[151,296,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Spiroloculina</emphasis>
d’Orbigny
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FE3EFC73A467C495" authority="Schlumberger &amp; Munier-Chalmas" authorityName="Schlumberger &amp; Munier-Chalmas" authorityYear="1884" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Idalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FE3EFC73A748C4F6" box="[440,517,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Idalina</emphasis>
Schlumberger &amp; Munier-Chalmas
</taxonomicName>
, alveolinids such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FDA4FC10A64EC495" authority="Reichel" authorityName="Reichel" authorityYear="1936" box="[546,771,966,990]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Alveolinidae" genus="Ovalveolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FDA4FC10A7E9C495" box="[546,676,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Ovalveolina</emphasis>
Reichel
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FF4CFC31A4E3C4B4" authority="Reichel" authorityName="Reichel" authorityYear="1941" box="[202,430,999,1023]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Alveolinidae" genus="Cisalveolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FF4CFC31A41DC4B4" box="[202,336,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Cisalveolina</emphasis>
Reichel
</taxonomicName>
, and also inlcudes the Lower Cretaceous 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FE91FBDCA493C36A" authority="Neagu" authorityName="Neagu" authorityYear="1968" box="[279,478,1033,1057]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Derventina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FE91FBDCA4C2C36A" box="[279,399,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Derventina</emphasis>
Neagu
</taxonomicName>
(see for example 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FD2CFBDFA478C309" author="Arnaud-Vanneau, A." pageId="53" pageNumber="92" refId="ref72184" refString="Arnaud-Vanneau, A., 1980. Micropaleontologie, paleoecologie et sedimentologie d'une plate-forme carbonatee de la marge passive de la Tethys: l'Urgonien du Vercors septentrional et de la Chartreuse (Alpes occidentales). Geologie Alpine Memoire Hors Serie, Vol. 3 (874 pp.)." type="book" year="1980">Arnaud-Vanneau 1980</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 86 and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FE36FBFCA7C4C309" author="Schlagintweit, F." box="[432,649,1066,1090]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref96604" refString="Schlagintweit, F., 1991. Allochthone Urgonkalke im Mittleren Abschnitt der Nordlichen Kalkalpen: Fazies, Palaontologie und Palaogeographie. - Munchner Geowiss. Abh., (A), 20: 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1991">Schlagintweit, 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FF11FB9DA4A8C2C6" blockId="53.[151,772,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
The Cretaceous (Albian - Cenomanian) ‘nummoloculinids’ are a group of broadly similar miliolids whose taxonomy, with some exceptions, remains unstabilised but which have frequently been associated with the Neogene genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FE90FB19A48DC3AC" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[278,448,1231,1255]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FE90FB19A48DC3AC" box="[278,448,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature. Six “taxa” in three, possibly more, genera are included here. The authors feel that treating them together is a useful way of discussing their similarities/differences and their stratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution, although a full taxonomic review is necessary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FF11FA40A781C118" blockId="53.[151,772,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">As noted above, the literature for this group is fairly extensive but suffers from a lack of suitably oriented specimens by which critical diagnostic features are visible. It is not uncommon to see views of tens of specimens with only a few showing some diagnostic features and very few (if any) showing all diagnostic features together.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FF11F98AA45DCF69" blockId="53.[151,772,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">The more-or-less common feature of the group is that they are miliolids (unlike all other taxa in this work) and are planispirally (or nearly so) coiled in the adult stage, hence their inclusion in this work. However, their early stages (after the proloculus) can be variously planispiral, streptospiral or milioline (up to quinqueloculine). The size of the early post-prolocular stage and the point of its transition to the planispiral or near-planispiral, adult stage can vary, especially between micro- and macrospheric generations. They can vary in external shape from a broad, rounded disc to almost spherical in overall form, and their apertures can also vary as can some internal features. This makes separation of species often extremely difficult.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FCB6FC52A123C201" blockId="53.[816,1437,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
Much of the introductory remarks on these taxa are taken from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FCF7FC73A115C4F6" author="Schlagintweit, F." box="[881,1112,933,957]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref96678" refString="Schlagintweit, F., 2008. Reassessment of &quot; Nummoloculina &quot; regularis Philippson, 1887, a benthic foraminifer from the Upper Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 248 (1): 115 - 122." type="journal article" year="2008">Schlagintweit (2008)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FB11FC73A0D5C4F6" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." box="[1175,1432,933,957]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, who have described aspects of the taxonomic history of this ‘group’. The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FBD6FC31A1B7C4B4" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1104,1274,999,1023]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FBD6FC31A1B7C4B4" box="[1104,1274,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FC2DFBDFA123C36A" author="Steinmann, G." box="[939,1134,1033,1057]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref100348" refString="Steinmann, G., 1881. Die Foraminiferengattung Nummoloculina n. g .. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, 1: 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="1881">Steinmann (1881)</bibRefCitation>
for material from the Miocene of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFECA226FC08FBFCA6ADC309" box="[910,992,1066,1090]" name="Austria" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Austria</collectingCountry>
. Several species attributed to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FCB6FB9DA697C328" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[816,986,1099,1123]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FCB6FB9DA697C328" box="[816,986,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FB96FB9DA1F7C328" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1040,1210,1099,1123]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FB96FB9DA1F7C328" box="[1040,1210,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like genera) recorded from the Albian (or older) to the Maastrichtian exist in the literature, and are widely recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFECA226FAADFB5BA031C3EE" box="[1323,1404,1165,1189]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFECA226FCB6FB78A638C38D" box="[816,885,1198,1222]" name="Oman" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Oman</collectingCountry>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FC7DFB78A1E8C38D" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1019,1189,1198,1222]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FC7DFB78A1E8C38D" box="[1019,1189,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as most recently defined (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FC21FB19A18BC3AC" author="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H." box="[935,1222,1231,1255]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" refId="ref87900" refString="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. &amp; Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2 vols." type="book" year="1988">Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988</bibRefCitation>
) is demonstrably a Neogene genus. The genus or ‘group’ was not discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FCDAFAC7A1F2C262" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." box="[860,1215,1297,1321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
in their extensive treatment of Cretaceous LBF.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA226FCB6FA82A6E6C0AB" blockId="53.[816,1437,900,2082]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FC3CFA82A1E3C227" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[954,1198,1364,1388]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FC3CFA82A1E3C227" box="[954,1198,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by Calvez from the Albian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFECA226FBD5FAA3A1D6C2C7" box="[1107,1179,1397,1420]" name="France" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FB2CFAA3A077C2C6" author="Calvez, H." box="[1194,1338,1397,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="391 - 399" refId="ref76196" refString="Calvez, H., 1988. Pseudonummoloculina aurigerica n. gen. n. sp. et Dobrogelina? angulata n. sp., new foraminifera from Albian limestones of the French and Spanish Pyrenees. Revue de Paleobiologie, 2 (Benthos ' 86): 391 - 399." type="journal article" year="1988">Calvez, 1988</bibRefCitation>
) for taxa formerly assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FB9DFA40A188C2E5" authorityName="emend. Conkin &amp; Conkin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1051,1221,1430,1454]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FB9DFA40A188C2E5" box="[1051,1221,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with a notched aperture and a quinqueloculine early stage. He designated the 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFECA226FCDFFA0EA6CAC2BB" box="[857,903,1496,1520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">type</typeStatus>
species of this genus as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FB13FA0FA069C2BB" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[1173,1316,1497,1520]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="aurigerica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FB13FA0FA069C2BB" box="[1173,1316,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">P. aurigerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As a consequence, some other Cretaceous ‘ 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FB22FA2FA014C15A" box="[1188,1369,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Nummoloculinas</emphasis>
’ were thenceforth also regarded as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FBFCF9CCA023C179" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[1146,1390,1562,1586]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FBFCF9CCA023C179" box="[1146,1390,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by, for example, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FC39F9EAA134C118" author="De Castro, P." box="[959,1145,1595,1619]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="109 - 124" refId="ref78786" refString="De Castro, P., 1987. On some foraminifera and algae in Apennine Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 40: 109 - 124." type="journal article" year="1987">De Castro (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FB2BF9EDA0D1C118" author="Hottinger, L. &amp; Drobne, K. &amp; Caus, E." box="[1197,1436,1595,1619]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="99 - 134" refId="ref84439" refString="Hottinger, L., Drobne, K. &amp; Caus, E., 1989. Late Cretaceous, larger complex Miliolids (foraminifera) endemic in the Pyrenean faunal province. Facies, 21: 99 - 134." type="journal article" year="1989">Hottinger et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
(e.g., regarding “ 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FC6FF98AA1A2C13F" box="[1001,1263,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FC6FF98AA19AC13F" box="[1001,1239,1628,1652]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">Nummoloculina heimi</taxonomicName>
”)
</emphasis>
. This would, of course, require these taxa to possess notched apertures. The visibility of the notched aperture in thin section depends entirely on a fortuitous thin section orientation and cut and the vast majority of illustrated specimes do not feature this crucial diagnostic character. When first describing 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FC16F8F2A6A1C070" box="[912,1004,1827,1851]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FC16F8F2A6A1C070" box="[912,1004,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">N. heimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for example, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FB0FF8F2A054C070" author="Bonet, F." box="[1161,1305,1827,1851]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" pagination="389 - 488" refId="ref74941" refString="Bonet, F., 1956. Zonification microfaunistica de las Calizas Cretacicas del este de Mexico. Boletin Asociation Mexicana de Geologos Petroleros: 389 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1956">Bonet (1956)</bibRefCitation>
stated “ 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FAF0F8F5A0C4C017" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">Apertural characters not observed despite its abundance</emphasis>
.” The debate on whether the taxon referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFECA226FAAAF8B3A02AC036" box="[1324,1383,1893,1917]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFECA226FAAAF8B3A02AC036" box="[1324,1383,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">heimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
posesses a notched (or sometimes referred to as ‘crenulated’) aperture still continues (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFECA226FBF1F871A02AC0F4" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." box="[1143,1383,1959,1983]" pageId="53" pageNumber="92" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo, 2020</bibRefCitation>
, and see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFECA225FCB6F83CA4AEC54A" blockId="53.[816,1437,900,2082]" lastBlockId="54.[151,772,158,1506]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="53" pageNumber="92">
In general, it seems that most Cretaceous ‘nummoloculinids’ do not appear to posses notched apertures with the exceptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FEB7FF49A48CC7FD" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[305,449,159,182]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="aurigerica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FEB7FF49A48CC7FD" box="[305,449,159,182]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P. aurigerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFEFA225FE57FF48A74CC7FD" box="[465,513,158,182]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDF8FF48A442C79C" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDF8FF48A442C79C" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (also see the Maastrichtian 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDFFFF16A4A3C7B3" authority="Schlagintweit &amp; Rashidi, 2016" authorityName="Schlagintweit &amp; Rashidi" authorityYear="2016" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kalantari">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDFFFF16A64EC79C" box="[633,771,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P. kalantari</emphasis>
Schlagintweit &amp; Rashidi, 2016
</taxonomicName>
) and the new species of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FF11FED7A4DCC652" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." box="[151,401,257,281]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo (2020)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FE1BFED4A4B5C652" authorityName="Piuz &amp; Vicendo" authorityYear="2020" box="[413,504,258,281]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Planinummoloculina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gnosi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FE1BFED4A4B5C652" box="[413,504,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P. gnosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFEFA225FD8AFED7A776C652" box="[524,571,257,281]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FD46FED7A470C671" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Planinummoloculina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD46FED7A470C671" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Planinummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– see below) – placed in a separate genus because it is basically planispiral throughout, lacking a post-prolocular milioline or streptospiral stage. Some taxa below are therefore questionably assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FD41FE50A415C6F4" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD41FE50A415C6F4" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for practical purposes here only, and we recognise that a new genus (or even new genera) could be created for these taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF11FDDCA799C441" blockId="54.[151,772,158,1506]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FF11FDDCA4C1C569" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." box="[151,396,522,546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo (2020)</bibRefCitation>
identified and described two new ‘nummoloculinid’ genera and species (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDF4FDFDA474C52F" authorityName="Piuz &amp; Vicendo" authorityYear="2020" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Planinummoloculina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gnosi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDF4FDFDA474C52F" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Planinummoloculina gnosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FE04FD9AA7B7C52F" authorityName="Piuz &amp; Vicedo" authorityYear="2020" box="[386,762,588,612]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculinodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="akhdarensis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FE04FD9AA7B7C52F" box="[386,762,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Nummoloculinodonta akhdarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from two separate levels within the Cenomanian Natih Formation of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEFA225FEB3FD58A434C5ED" box="[309,377,654,678]" name="Oman" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Oman</collectingCountry>
. They state “ 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD90FD58A74BC5A2" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Both populations are architecturally different from any other species of ‘nummoloculinas’ described so far…”</emphasis>
but include some records of ‘nummoloculinid’ taxa in possible synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF11FCC5A5F4C31F" blockId="54.[151,772,158,1506]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
Other putative ‘nummoloculind’ taxa recorded from Cenomanian or proximate strata include the aforementioned 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF61FC80A436C426" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[231,379,854,877]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="aurigerica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF61FC80A436C426" box="[231,379,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P. aurigerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Albian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEFA225FDE8FC80A7FAC426" box="[622,695,854,877]" name="France" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">France</collectingCountry>
and a form from the Albian-Cenomanian of southern North America (and also found elsewhere) – 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDC3FC4EA72EC4E4" box="[581,611,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P?</emphasis>
ex. grp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FD4EFC41A5A5C49B" authority="(Bonet)" baseAuthorityName="Bonet" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD4EFC41A64EC4E4" box="[712,771,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">heimi</emphasis>
(Bonet)
</taxonomicName>
– see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FEEEFC6EA730C49B" author="Conkin, J. E. &amp; Conkin, B. M." box="[360,637,952,976]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" pagination="149 - 158" refId="ref77378" refString="Conkin, J. E. &amp; Conkin, B. M., 1958. Revision of the genus Nummoloculina and emendation of Nummoloculina heimi Bonet. Micropaleontology, 4 (2): 149 - 158." type="journal article" year="1958">Conkin &amp; Conkin (1958)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FD30FC6EA478C4BA" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V." pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref93491" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Vicedo, V., 2020. New Cenomanian &quot; nummoloculinas &quot; of the Natih Formation of Oman. Cretaceous Research, 107, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2019.104224" type="book" year="2020">Piuz &amp; Vicedo (2020)</bibRefCitation>
for a discussion of 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD9AFC0CA777C4BA" box="[540,570,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">P?</emphasis>
ex. grp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FD25FC0FA793C4BA" box="[675,734,985,1009]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD25FC0FA793C4BA" box="[675,734,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">heimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A taxon known as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FECCFC2DA70AC359" authority="Philippson" authorityName="Philippson" box="[330,583,1018,1042]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FECCFC2DA480C359" box="[330,461,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">N. regularis</emphasis>
Philippson
</taxonomicName>
is also discussed and also questionably reassigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDA7FBCDA5FFC31F" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDA7FBCDA5FFC31F" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF11FB8BA459C28A" blockId="54.[151,772,158,1506]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
Another taxon is 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FEECFB8BA7DAC33E" authorityName="sensu Chiocchini et al." authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Decrouez &amp; Radoicic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[362,663,1117,1141]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FEECFB8BA7DAC33E" box="[362,663,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Nummoloculina irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
first described from the Santonian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFEFA225FE74FBA9A77BC3DC" box="[498,566,1151,1175]" name="Serbia" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FDCFFBA9A46DC3F3" author="Decrouez, D. &amp; Radoicic, R." pageId="54" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref79135" refString="Decrouez, D. &amp; Radoicic, R., 1977. Nummoloculina irregularis n. sp., nouveau foraminifere du Senonien (Santonien) de la Serbie occidentale (Dinarides Yousoslaves). Note du Laboratoire de Paleontologie de l'Universite de Geneve, 7: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1977">Decrouez &amp; Radoičić, 1977</bibRefCitation>
). Some authors have identified and illustrated forms assigned as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FE0BFB14A706C392" authorityName="sensu Chiocchini et al." authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Decrouez &amp; Radoicic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[397,587,1217,1241]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FE0BFB14A4D2C392" box="[397,415,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">N</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FE5EFB17A706C392" box="[472,587,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to sediments of Turonian – Santonian age (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FE71FB34A7B5C3B1" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." box="[503,760,1250,1274]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Some ‘nummoloculinid’ specimens which appear to continue across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (e.g. those of Solak et al., 2020 identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDDBFA93A45AC235" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDDBFA93A5A3C235" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) have been compared to these 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDF7FAB1A585C2D4" authorityName="sensu Chiocchini et al." authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Decrouez &amp; Radoicic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDF7FAB1A7CEC235" box="[625,643,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">N</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD3EFAB1A585C2D4" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms and therefore justifies including in the discussion herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFEFA225FF11FA1CA4AFC095" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF11FA1CA7A8C2A9" blockId="54.[151,772,158,1506]" box="[151,741,1482,1506]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">The six taxa included here in this ‘group’ are therefore:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41FA3BA7FEC14E" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" box="[199,691,1516,1541]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41FA3BA59EC14E" bold="true" box="[199,211,1517,1541]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71FA3AA7FEC14E" authority="Calvez" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[247,691,1516,1541]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="aurigerica">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71FA3AA72FC14F" box="[247,610,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina aurigerica</emphasis>
Calvez
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41F9C6A765C102" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41F9C6A59EC163" bold="true" box="[199,211,1552,1576]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F9C6A4B4C163" box="[247,505,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71F9C6A4A2C163" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[247,495,1552,1576]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Pseudonummoloculina</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
ex. grp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FDF6F9C6A7E6C163" box="[624,683,1552,1576]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="heimi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDF6F9C6A7E6C163" box="[624,683,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">heimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonet emmend. Conkin &amp; Conkin)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41F982A773C1C6" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41F982A59EC127" bold="true" box="[199,211,1620,1644]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71F982A77BC1C6" authority="(Philippson) sensu Chiocchini et al. (2012)" authorityName="sensu Chiocchini et al." authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Philippson" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F982A721C127" box="[247,620,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Pseudonummoloculina? regularis</emphasis>
(Philippson) 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F9A0A47FC1C6" box="[247,306,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FEBFF9A3A77BC1C6" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." box="[313,566,1653,1677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41F94EA473C1B9" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41F94EA59EC1FB" bold="true" box="[199,211,1688,1712]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F94EA4B4C1FB" box="[247,505,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71F94EA4A2C1FB" ID-CoL="7ZWMK" authorityName="Calvez" authorityYear="1988" box="[247,495,1688,1712]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Miliolidae" genus="Pseudonummoloculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Pseudonummoloculina</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FD84F94EA473C1B9" ID-CoL="483VC" authority="(Decrouez &amp; Radoicic, 1977) sensu Chiocchini et al. (2012)" authorityName="sensu Chiocchini et al." authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Decrouez &amp; Radoicic" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="irregularis">
cf. 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FDA1F94EA7D7C1FB" box="[551,666,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">irregularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FD2AF94EA4ACC19A" author="Decrouez, D. &amp; Radoicic, R." pageId="54" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref79135" refString="Decrouez, D. &amp; Radoicic, R., 1977. Nummoloculina irregularis n. sp., nouveau foraminifere du Senonien (Santonien) de la Serbie occidentale (Dinarides Yousoslaves). Note du Laboratoire de Paleontologie de l'Universite de Geneve, 7: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1977">Decrouez &amp; Radoičić, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FD85F96CA773C19A" box="[515,574,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFEFA225FDCFF96FA473C1B9" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." pageId="54" pageNumber="93" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41F92BA787C05E" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" box="[199,714,1789,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41F92BA59EC05E" bold="true" box="[199,211,1789,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71F92BA787C05E" ID-CoL="BLLF4" authority="Piuz &amp; Vicendo" authorityName="Piuz &amp; Vicendo" authorityYear="2020" box="[247,714,1789,1813]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Planinummoloculina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gnosi">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F92BA755C05E" box="[247,536,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Planinummoloculina gnosi</emphasis>
Piuz &amp; Vicendo
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF41F8F6A409C012" blockId="54.[199,771,1516,1881]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF41F8F6A59EC073" bold="true" box="[199,211,1824,1848]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">•</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFEFA225FF71F8F6A409C012" authority="Piuz &amp; Vicedo" authorityName="Piuz &amp; Vicedo" class="Tubothalamea" family="Hauerinidae" genus="Nummoloculinodonta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="54" pageNumber="93" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="akhdarensis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFEFA225FF71F8F6A733C073" box="[247,638,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">Nummoloculinodonta akhdarensis</emphasis>
Piuz &amp; Vicedo
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFEFA225FF11F8B4A4AFC095" blockId="54.[151,771,1890,2014]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">
Nevertheless, the group is in need of a thorough monographic review and re-examination of 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFEFA225FDC9F852A730C0D7" box="[591,637,1924,1948]" pageId="54" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
material to better formalise species definitions and hence stratigraphic and paleogeographic ranges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>