1224 lines
182 KiB
XML
1224 lines
182 KiB
XML
<document id="88093B5D5737921849BE250E061FC96E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282899" ID-GBIF-Dataset="980fe621-edfe-4dd2-9e0f-737987b319d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282899" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460555713412" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moreira, Gilson R. P., Gonçalves, Gislene L., Eltz, Rodrigo P., Blas, Germán San & Davis, Donald R." docDate="2012" docId="03CB2C50F903A41FFF05FD15AD9EFAEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03557p019.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3557" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oliera argentinana Brethes 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFF25428F900A40EFF92FFC0AE44FFC0" masterDocTitle="Revalidation of Oliera Brèthes (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) based on a redescription of O. argentinana and DNA analysis of Neotropical cecidosids" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698319157121" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="49358DDA45A145B6A4CACD0EEE0A34EA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EFD7942131F149B317877F2B03B35701">
|
||
<mods:title id="A8C09CD7E025FE2CAA53EE330809611F">Revalidation of Oliera Brèthes (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) based on a redescription of O. argentinana and DNA analysis of Neotropical cecidosids</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A8BF21DE5963EE2AEC5D49E1648A6FB3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="60C748684A74B11F8A4BB99AA13C4A75">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2D26486D74ABA7737F8A75DE59A7B359">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F467BD17085BEB0CC692C90A90C20949">Moreira, Gilson R. P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="63B4BFF7BB4A46E5F991E466B2BBE1DC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="97D7591A90CC8B254A3862ABAAF6A392">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0B2F3E4494661D5194A3858133CA1856">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="924113F03B35367B169CB790ECC5663E">Gonçalves, Gislene L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="09A362DDBB73DB8E81A5A130D37DDADE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="197D3D3E6CC83E1EB39A29D272417BA1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1BDF1EE52F5BDE5D5ECA14A7772A5BED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C495EBECEAB979134FD783286D5E5018">Eltz, Rodrigo P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A24C11BF711386BBCCC78C82018EB26E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F226B68C766BD333BE14450391EE95C7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="88139373D6A67F8DEF95050DC943EF73">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BF8E8E03189F91F1BCA17B33ABC6F87D">Blas, Germán San</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="819465DAF7B711B7E7C61980CBE14485" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6DF1D375C082900033DEBA085420D2B9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1F3A458B7872E7979177EB4B32D4ABA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="521302751BC3F0DA58CC3101FB2D74DA">Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7198D38CB7F3E0DF15C8AA60FEEDC1DB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AC038878CC8F0D35E0BFFAF4BADACF71" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3BE790CE2722D7DA1BF70785EF9FC595">
|
||
<mods:title id="03A0A292628A9954B31414C3A7C891AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F1CBE4624D04790BA70319A2FAF5E970">
|
||
<mods:date id="E6E85A6EBBB5463DC608A39295810CFC">2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FD74657BBD7C8E3CECEC7F1EEB396CD0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2724FB93B24F5ED3139A737E82D56EC0">3557</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="0B0FE22F87825DE9B47EC439F7532B0C" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F1E699E53CA121D9D38AD7DD23702134">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5692DBFDDFD0000F06B8576A6AD4923E">19</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="62D7826C63CBD9D2676055FD3BA9646F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="38D073190D02C96340C394C5B2C132BE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282899</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6B5EAF68B673F3C9A595C36BC37B7087" type="GBIF-Dataset">980fe621-edfe-4dd2-9e0f-737987b319d1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="70ECF97BDA262DEED37EB15F64055835" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2D17989A1C7F95FA70C3C0BE05B9B1E7" type="Zenodo-Dep">282899</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03CB2C50F903A41FFF05FD15AD9EFAEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB2C50F903A41FFF05FD15AD9EFAEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB2C50F903A41FFF05FD15AD9EFAEF" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378CECDF903A40DFF05FD15AF64FCCF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F903A40DFF05FD15AC6BFD2F" blockId="3.[151,559,725,783]" box="[151,559,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading id="D0952A2AF903A40DFF05FD15AC6BFD2F" bold="true" box="[151,559,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFF05FD15AC6BFD2F" authority="Brethes, 1916" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,559,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFF05FD15AC6BFD2F" bold="true" box="[151,559,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFF05FD15AF3BFD2F" bold="true" box="[151,383,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F903A40DFE14FD15AC6BFD2F" author="Brethes" box="[390,559,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Brethes, J. (1916) Estudio fito-zoologico sobre algunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 82, 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1916">Brèthes, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F903A40DFF05FD37AF64FCCF" blockId="3.[151,559,725,783]" box="[151,288,759,783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. (1–10)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378CECDF903A40AFF05FCFFADE9FE0F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F903A40DFF05FCFFACD3FB24" blockId="3.[151,1437,831,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFF05FCFFAFC4FC98" bold="true" box="[151,384,831,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Data are listed as they are found in the labels.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D923E4F903A40DFC02FC80AA41FC98" box="[912,1029,832,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 3, B. Aires,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFB0CFCFFAB54FC97" box="[1182,1296,831,855]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFA8EFCFFAB20FC97" box="[1308,1380,831,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1925-11">25 XI.</date>
|
||
915, J. B., pinned, genitalia on slide 4477, D. R. Davis (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFD4AFCA4AD6BFCBC" box="[728,815,868,892]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
) [present designation]. Guaritas, Caçapava do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFE19FC47AF96FC5F" box="[395,466,903,927]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFE72FC47AC22FC5F" box="[480,614,903,927]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-30.837502">30°50’15”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFDE6FC47AD40FC5F" box="[628,772,903,927]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-53.50111">53°30’04”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFC83FC47AD88FC5F" box="[785,972,903,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-11">November 2007</date>
|
||
, G.R.P.Moreira & G.L. Gonçalves colls., 7ƤƤ, 83, pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFE18FC6CAF96FC04" box="[394,466,940,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFE4CFC6CAC72FC04" box="[478,566,940,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1924-03-11">11-3-24</date>
|
||
to 38), reared from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFB96FC6CAAA4FC04" box="[1028,1248,940,964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFB96FC6CAAA4FC04" box="[1028,1248,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With the same collection data: 1Ƥ, 23, pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFDA2FC0FAC3CFC27" box="[560,632,975,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFD11FC0FAC9FFC27" box="[643,731,975,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1939-03-11">11-3-39</date>
|
||
to 41), donated by the senior author to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFB28FC10AB47FC27" box="[1210,1283,976,999]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
(DZ 22.349, 22.359 and 22.369); near 50 galls (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFD8FFC34AC21FBCC" box="[541,613,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
11-3), 6 dissected adults (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFC18FC34AD96FBCC" box="[906,978,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFC4BFC34AA75FBCC" box="[985,1073,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1921-03-11">11-3-21</date>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFBE3FC34AA93FBCC" box="[1137,1239,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">23 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFB77FC34AB69FBCC" box="[1253,1325,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFAA6FC34ABCAFBCC" box="[1332,1422,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1922-03-11">11-3-22</date>
|
||
), fixed and stored in 96% ethanol. Rincão da Ronda, Canguçu, RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFCE4FBD7ADF9FBEF" box="[886,957,1047,1071]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 31°0 5’58’’S, 52°52’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFB38FBD7AAB6FBEF" box="[1194,1266,1047,1071]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-0.1">0 6’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFB6EFBD7ABDCFBEF" box="[1276,1432,1047,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-10">October 2007</date>
|
||
, G.R.P.Moreira coll., 22 last instar larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFDFEFBFCACF0FB94" box="[620,692,1084,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
6-1 to 15; 6-20; 6-21) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFC79FBFCAA00FB94" box="[1003,1092,1084,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFBC6FBFCAAD8FB94" box="[1108,1180,1084,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
6-18, 6-19), fixed and stored in 96% ethanol. With the same collection data,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFD6EFB9FAD9BFBB7" box="[764,991,1119,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-09-10">
|
||
September 2007,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFC51FB9FAD9BFBB7" box="[963,991,1119,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="larva">10</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFBA8FB9FAAC6FBB7" box="[1082,1154,1119,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
5-3), fixed and stored in 96% ethanol. Quebrada N. Estación Aforadora, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFC7EFB44AA1BFB5C" box="[1004,1119,1156,1180]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFBFEFB44AAB1FB5C" box="[1132,1269,1156,1180]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-32.894447">32°53’40’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFA96FB44ABD1FB5C" box="[1284,1429,1156,1180]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-69.23028">69°13’49’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFF05FB67AFC6FB7F" box="[151,386,1191,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2011-09-24">September 24, 2011</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFDF9FB67AC8EFB7F" box="[619,714,1191,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFC9AFB67AD1CFB7F" box="[776,856,1191,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFCF9FB67ADF7FB7F" box="[875,947,1191,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-13), dissected from galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFAD7FB68AF59FB24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFAD7FB68AF59FB24" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in 96% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F903A40AFF55FB2FADE9FE0F" blockId="3.[151,1437,831,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,860]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFF55FB2FAFBBFAC8" bold="true" box="[199,511,1263,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Other cecidosid examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFD9CFB31ADD4FAC7" authority="Rincao" authorityName="Rincao" box="[526,912,1263,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFD9CFB31AD75FAC8" box="[526,817,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dicranoses congregatella</emphasis>
|
||
: Rincão
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
da Ronda, Canguçu, RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFB2AFB2FAABBFAC7" box="[1208,1279,1263,1287]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFA9EFB2FABD3FAC7" box="[1292,1431,1263,1287]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-31.099445">31°05’58’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFF05FAD4AF6EFAEC" box="[151,298,1300,1324]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-52.868332">52°52’06’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFEABFAD4AC5BFAEC" box="[313,543,1300,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-11-11">November 11, 2007</date>
|
||
, 3ƤƤ, 13, pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFC95FAD4AD0BFAEC" box="[775,847,1300,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
6-31 to 34), G.R.P.Moreira coll., reared from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFEB7FAF8AFBFFA90" box="[293,507,1336,1360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFEB7FAF8AFBFFA90" box="[293,507,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With the same collection data,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFCF2FAF7ADBEFA8F" box="[864,1018,1335,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-07-20">July 20, 2007</date>
|
||
, several galls (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFB0FFAF7AAA1FA8F" box="[1181,1253,1335,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
3-13),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFAA7FAF7ABDFFA8F" box="[1333,1435,1335,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(LMC 3-1 to 10), fixed and stored on ethanol 96%;
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFD76FA9CADF8FAB4" box="[740,956,1372,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-09-09">September 9, 2007</date>
|
||
, 9 last instar larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFB35FA9CAAABFAB4" box="[1191,1263,1372,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
5-4),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFAA7FA9CABD8FAB4" box="[1333,1436,1372,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">43 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFF0CFABFAEA2FA57" box="[158,230,1407,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
5-5; 5-6), fixed in Dietrich´s fluid and stored in ethanol 70%. Vila de Palmas, Bagé, RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFAC2FABFABD3FA57" box="[1360,1431,1407,1431]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFF05FA64AF65FA7C" box="[151,289,1444,1468]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-30.981945">30°58’55’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFEBFFA64AF86FA7C" box="[301,450,1444,1468]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-53.619442">53°37’10’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFE5FFA64ACF4FA7C" box="[461,688,1444,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-11-17">November 17, 2007</date>
|
||
, G.R.P. Moreira & G.L.Gonçalves colls.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFBEDFA64AAA1FA7C" box="[1151,1253,1444,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">16 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFB66FA64AB78FA7C" box="[1268,1340,1444,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFAD1FA64AE96FA1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1933-12-01" valueMax="1933-12-16" valueMin="1933-12-01">12-33-1 to 16</date>
|
||
), dissected from galls collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFD10FA08AD5CFA20" box="[642,792,1480,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFD10FA08AD5CFA20" box="[642,792,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in ethanol 96%. Av. Los Nogales y La Quinta, El Chorrillo Juana Koslay, San Luis,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFD0FFA2CAD54F9C4" box="[669,784,1516,1540]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFC8FFA2CADDDF9C4" box="[797,921,1516,1540]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-33.285557">33°17’8’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 66°15’32’W,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFBD3FA2CAB4EF9C4" box="[1089,1290,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-10-10">October 10, 2009</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFF45F9CFAF77F9E7" box="[215,307,1551,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFED0F9CFAFCEF9E7" box="[322,394,1551,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-7), dissected from galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFD69F9D0AD8EF9E8" box="[763,970,1552,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFD69F9D0AD8EF9E8" box="[763,970,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus johnstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in 70% ethanol. Frente Reserva Florofaunística Merlo, San Luis,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFDF8F9F4AC98F98C" box="[618,732,1588,1612]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 32°21’22’S, 64°57’33’W,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFB9FF9F4AA96F98C" box="[1037,1234,1588,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-10-21">October 21, 2009</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFF05F997AEB5F9AF" box="[151,241,1623,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">6 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFE90F997AF0EF9AF" box="[258,330,1623,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-11), dissected from galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFD5DF998ADDBF9B0" box="[719,927,1624,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFD5DF998ADDBF9B0" box="[719,927,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus johnstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fixed and stored in 70% ethanol.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFAB8F998AF08F954" authority="Rincao" authorityName="Rincao" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFAB8F998AEAFF954" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cecidoses eremita</emphasis>
|
||
: Rincão
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
da Ronda, Canguçu, RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFDE9F9BCAC86F954" box="[635,706,1660,1684]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFD42F9BCAD1FF954" box="[720,859,1660,1684]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-31.099445">31°05’58’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFCFBF9BCADB9F954" box="[873,1021,1660,1684]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-52.868332">52°52’06’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFB99F9BCAA82F954" box="[1035,1222,1660,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2005-03-27">March 27, 2005</date>
|
||
, 2ƤƤ, 13, pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFF0CF95FAEA2F977" box="[158,230,1695,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
2-13 to 15), G.R.P.Moreira coll., reared from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFC5AF960AE8AF91C" authority="(Cavanilles) Cabrera. With" authorityName="(Cavanilles) Cabrera. With" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFC5AF960AAE5F978" box="[968,1185,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cavanilles) Cabrera. With
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the same collection data,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFE61F904AC93F91C" box="[499,727,1732,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-11-15">November 15, 2007</date>
|
||
, 22 last instar larvae (LMC
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFB81F904AAF4F91C" box="[1043,1200,1732,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1913-10-01" valueMax="1913-10-21" valueMin="1913-10-01">10-13-1 to 21</date>
|
||
). Morro Maximiano, Eldorado do Sul, RS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFE1BF927AF94F93F" box="[393,464,1767,1791]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFE4EF927AC22F93F" box="[476,614,1767,1791]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-30.179722">30°10’47’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFDE0F927AD47F93F" box="[626,771,1767,1791]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-51.3925">51°23’33’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFC82F927AD80F93F" box="[784,964,1767,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-03-13">March 13, 2007</date>
|
||
, G.R.P. Moreira & G.L.Gonçalves colls., 4 last instar larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFEFAF8CCAFF4F8E4" box="[360,432,1804,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
16-44),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFD85F8CCACC5F8E4" box="[535,641,1804,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">20 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFD01F8CCAC9FF8E4" box="[659,731,1804,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
16-45), fixed in Dietrich´s fluid and stored in ethanol 70%. Potrerillos, Cerca Estación Aforadora, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFCE1F8EFADA1F887" box="[883,997,1839,1863]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 32°55’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFBAFF8EFAA3FF887" box="[1085,1147,1839,1863]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-0.13333334">0 8’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFB15F8EFAB5DF887" box="[1159,1305,1839,1863]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-69.242775">69°14’34’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFAB4F8EFAEBCF8AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-11-14">November 14, 2009</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFE94F894AF0AF8AC" box="[262,334,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-1;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFE36F894AFBAF8AC" box="[420,510,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
) and
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFDA9F894ACA8F8AC" box="[571,748,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2010-03-18">March 18, 2010</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFD68F894AD06F8AC" box="[762,834,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-3;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF903A40DFC05F894ADA2F8AC" box="[919,998,1876,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
), G. San Blas coll., dissected from galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFF2EF8B8AFE7F850" box="[188,419,1912,1936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFF2EF8B8AFE7F850" box="[188,419,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in 96% ethanol.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFCA7F8B8ADFBF850" box="[821,959,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFCA7F8B8ADFBF850" box="[821,959,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.: Parque Passaúna, Campo Comprido, PR,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F903A40DFF5AF85CAF4BF874" box="[200,271,1948,1972]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFE8EF85CAFE1F874" box="[284,421,1948,1972]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-25.461668">25°27’42’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F903A40DFE21F85CAC03F874" box="[435,583,1948,1972]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" value="-49.381664">49°22’54’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F903A40DFDC1F85CAD63F874" box="[595,807,1948,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-02-22">February 22, 2008</date>
|
||
, G.R.P. Moreira, O.S. Ribas, E. Carneiro & L. Beltrami colls., 34 last instar larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F903A40DFE76F800AC68F818" box="[484,556,1984,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
14-52; 14-53), dissected from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F903A40DFBE9F800AB69F818" box="[1147,1325,1984,2008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F903A40DFBE9F800AB69F818" box="[1147,1325,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schinus engleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed in Dietrich´s fluid and stored in ethanol 70%. With the same collection data,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F904A40AFC7CFF57AAE3FF6F" box="[1006,1191,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2010-03-20">March 20, 2010</date>
|
||
, G.R.P. Moreira & E. Carneiro, 11 dissected adults (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F904A40AFE6FFF7CAC01FF14" box="[509,581,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
80-75); near 80 galls, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F904A40AFCF6FF7CADE8FF14" box="[868,940,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
80-76), fixed and stored in ethanol 96%.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFF05FF20ACA7FF37" authority="Las Compuertas, Las Heras" authorityName="Las Compuertas, Las Heras" box="[151,739,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF05FF20AFD9FF38" box="[151,413,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucecidoses minutanus</emphasis>
|
||
: Las Compuertas, Las Heras
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mendoza,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F904A40AFCF7FF1FAD93FF37" box="[869,983,223,247]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 33°0 2’28’’S, 69°0 3’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F904A40AFB57FF1FAB4FFF37" box="[1221,1291,223,247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-0.05">0 3’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F904A40AFA8AFF1FAE95FEDC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-10-26">October 26, 2011</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas & G.R.P. Moreira colls.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF904A40AFD1EFEC4ACB1FEDC" box="[652,757,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">29 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F904A40AFC94FEC4AD0AFEDC" box="[774,846,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-20 to 22), dissected from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFA15FEC5AF59FE80" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFA15FEC5AF59FE80" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in 96% ethanol. Playa Hotel Villavicencio, Las Heras, Mendoza,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F904A40AFAB7FEE7ABD3FEFF" box="[1317,1431,295,319]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F904A40AFF05FE8CAF65FEA4" box="[151,289,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-32.5275">32°31’39’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 69°0 0’53’’W,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F904A40AFE5CFE8DAC24FEA4" box="[462,608,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-05-01">May 1, 2011</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF904A40AFCABFE8CADD0FEA4" box="[825,916,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F904A40AFC31FE8CADAFFEA4" box="[931,1003,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-4), dissected from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFF51FEB0AF2BFE48" box="[195,367,368,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF51FEB0AF2BFE48" box="[195,367,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed and stored in 70% ethanol.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFCA3FEAFADFEFE47" box="[817,954,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Tiltil, Rungue,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F904A40AFB2AFEAFAABCFE47" box="[1208,1272,367,391]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 33°0 0’30’’S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE56FB81F904A40AFF05FE54AF6FFE6C" box="[151,299,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" value="-70.8975">70°53’51’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F904A40AFEA7FE54AFBDFE6C" box="[309,505,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2011-10-12">October 12, 2011</date>
|
||
, G. San Blas, G.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F904A40AFD22FE54ACB2FE6C" box="[688,758,404,428]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
& R. Carrara colls.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6456CFF904A40AFC4FFE54AA72FE6C" box="[989,1078,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED730583F904A40AFBD6FE54AAC8FE6C" box="[1092,1164,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
163-14), dissected from galls collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFEF0FE78AC7EFE10" box="[354,570,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFEF0FE78AC7EFE10" box="[354,570,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fixed and stored in 96% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378CECDF904A40AFF55FE1BADBDFCF7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F904A40AFF55FE1BADBDFCF7" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF55FE1BAF05FE34" bold="true" box="[199,321,475,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Unlike adults of other Neotropical cecidosids, which have pale forewings and labial palpi either reduced or absent, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFE5AFDC0AC36FDD8" box="[456,626,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFE5AFDC0AC36FDD8" box="[456,626,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the body covered with uniform, shiny copper-colored scales and 2- segmented labial palpi, among other differences of genital structures. The pupa is characterized by possessing a cephalic, five-pointed frontal process (gall cutter), and a single large spine on the last abdominal tergum. Pupae of other Neotropical cecidosids have either single (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFD29FDADAD76FD44" box="[699,818,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFD29FDADAD76FD44" box="[699,818,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. eremita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFCF8FDADADBAFD44" box="[874,1022,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFCF8FDADADBAFD44" box="[874,1022,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. minutanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or three-pointed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFB44FDADAB2FFD44" box="[1238,1387,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFB44FDADAB2FFD44" box="[1238,1387,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFF05FD51AF0AFD68" box="[151,334,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF05FD51AF0AFD68" box="[151,334,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. congregatela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) gall cutters. The larva is distinguished by having a uniform yellowish brown head, associated with a subretangular frontoclypeus that extends to the apex of the epicranial notch, and unpigmented ecdysial lines that delimit the posterior adfrontal enlarged areas, absent in the other Neotropical cecidosids. The gall is unique among cecidosids by being enclosed within swollen terminal branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFC7BFD3CAA04FCD4" box="[1001,1088,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFC7BFD3CAA04FCD4" box="[1001,1088,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Schinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants, without developing an external, fruit-like chamber that is characteristic for other gall-maker species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378CECDF904A404FF55FC84AC64F823" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F904A40AFF55FC84AF9AFC9C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,860]" box="[199,478,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF55FC84AF0CFC9C" bold="true" box="[199,328,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFECAFC84AFE4FC9C" box="[344,416,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,916,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1434,916,1237]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oliera argentinana adults: (A) male; (B) female. Scale bar = 1.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF904A40AFF05FB2CAD9EFAC3" box="[151,986,1260,1283]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[153,1432,916,1237]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F904A40AFF05FB2CAD9EFAC3" blockId="4.[151,986,1260,1283]" box="[151,986,1260,1283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF05FB2CAF57FAC2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1260,1283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F904A40AFE8BFB2DAF98FAC3" box="[281,476,1261,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFE8BFB2DAF98FAC3" box="[281,476,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults: (A) male; (B) female. Scale bar = 1.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F904A40AFF55FAEFAA8AF94C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1327,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Forewing length 4.2 + 0.3 mm (n = 5).Wings, body, and other appendages uniformly of a shiny copper to reddish brown color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFE1EFA94AF94FAAC" box="[396,464,1364,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,916,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1434,916,1237]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oliera argentinana adults: (A) male; (B) female. Scale bar = 1.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFE7BFA94AC62FAAC" box="[489,550,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Frons and vertex smooth with sutures weakly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFB58FA94AB4AFAAC" box="[1226,1294,1364,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A); vestiture consisting of a pair of latero-dorsal scale tufts curved forward over frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFB9AFAB7AA0AFA4F" box="[1032,1102,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Frons covered by dense, piliform hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFED7FA5CAFD2FA74" box="[325,406,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Scales slender, lamellar, suberect, and scattered over labrum, maxillary, and labial palpi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFF73FA7FAF62FA17" box="[225,294,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFE0EFA7FAFA8FA17" box="[412,492,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A) large (interocular index varying from 0.95 to 1.25; n = 4). Antennae short (varying from 0.52 to 0.56 length of forewing; n = 4); scape smooth except for medium dense pecten; flagellum filiform, with slender scales scattered only over dorsal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFCD5F9C7ADCEF9DF" box="[839,906,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); ventral half with elongate sensilla ca. 0.7x length of flagellomere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFE0CF9ECAFA4F984" box="[414,480,1580,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Labrum greatly reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFCB7F9ECAD22F984" box="[805,870,1580,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Pilifers absent. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFB56F9ECAB41F984" box="[1220,1285,1580,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E) reduced to minute, sclerotized stubs. Haustellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFDC3F98FACD0F9A7" box="[593,660,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G) reduced to minute lobes. Maxillary palpi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFB0EF98FAA9BF9A7" box="[1180,1247,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G) 3-segmented, distal one reduced. Labial palpi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFD94F9B4AC0CF94C" box="[518,584,1652,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1434,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Oliera argentinana adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) 2-segmented, and short (circa 2/3 eye width in length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F904A40AFF55F958AF2FF834" blockId="4.[151,1437,1327,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F904A40AFF55F958AF5CF970" box="[199,280,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Anterior arms of laterocervical sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFC9EF957AD16F96F" box="[780,850,1687,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) long and slender, with apex dilated. Metafurca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFF0DF97CAEABF914" box="[159,239,1724,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C) with slender, elongate postero-dorsal apophyses free from secondary arms;, antero-dorsal apodemes absent. Wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFEDBF91FAFCBF937" box="[329,399,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E) lanceolate; microtrichia reduced in number; accessory cell present; retinaculum absent. Wing coupling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFEDFF8C4AFD4F8DC" box="[333,400,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) consisting of ~15 frenular scales arising in two to three irregular rows near base of costa; Sc ending near midpoint of wing margin, radius with 5 free branches, M 3-branched, CuA 2-branched, CuA1 and M3 well separated from each other basally, CuP faint distally and not stalked with 1A+2A. Hindwing: ~ 2/3 forewing in length; Sc and R stalked and ending distally to midpoint of wing margin, Rs unbranched, M 3- branched, M1 and M2 well separated, CuA 2-branched, CuA1 and M3 well separated, CuP faded, not stalked with 1A+2A. Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F904A40AFEACF877AFCEF80F" box="[318,394,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1416,165,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oliera argentinana adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 40 µm, 0.5 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G) with spurs 0-2-4; epiphysis present. Tibial length proportion (anterior / medium / posterior legs) ~ 0.5/0.7/1.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF905A40BFF05F899AF2FF82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282901/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[177,1416,165,1861]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F905A40BFF05F899AF2FF82A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1881,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F905A40BFF05F899AF50F8AF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1881,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F905A40BFE8EF899AFA5F8AF" box="[284,481,1881,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F905A40BFE8EF899AFA5F8AF" box="[284,481,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult morphology: (A) female head, anterior view; (B) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (closed arrow points to furcal apophysis); (C) metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral view (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis); (D) lateral cervical sclerites, anterior view; (E) fore- and hind wing venation; (F) detail of frenular scales; (G) fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars = 0.25mm, 0.25mm, 0.1mm, 0.1mm, 0.5 mm, 40µm, 0.5mm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF906A408FF05F89AAA49F80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282902/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[153,1433,194,1861]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F906A408FF05F89AAA49F80D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1882,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F906A408FF05F89AAF5CF8B0" bold="true" box="[151,280,1882,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F906A408FD04F89BAD1BF8B1" box="[662,863,1883,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F906A408FD04F89BAD1BF8B1" box="[662,863,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult head: (A) Head, antero-ventral view; (B) right tentorial pit, anterior view; (C) antennal flagellomeres, ventral view; (D) buccal appendages, anterior view; (E) left mandible, anterior view; (F) left labial palpus, anterior view (asterisk indicates left maxillar palpus); (G) left maxilla, antero-median view (arrow indicates haustellum). Scale bars = 200, 10, 50, 50, 10, 20, 20 µm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF907A409FF05F8A1ABC0F832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F907A409FF05F8A1ABC0F832" blockId="7.[151,1436,1889,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F907A409FF05F8A1AF56F8B7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1889,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F907A409FD96F8A2ACDAF8B7" box="[516,670,1890,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F907A409FD96F8A2ACDAF8B7" box="[516,670,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1mm, 50 µm, 0.1mm, 0.1mm, 0.25mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FF58AE9BFF14" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FF58AF75FF70" box="[199,305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Sternum 2 with broad, U-shaped caudal rim; tergosternal connection absent, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F908A406FB47FF58AE9FFF14" authority="Davis 1998" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FB47FF58AB0EFF70" box="[1237,1354,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. eremita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F908A406FACBFF57AE97FF14" author="Davis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Davis, D. R. (1998) The monotrysian Heteroneura. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.). Handbook of Zoology, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, vol. 1: Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, pp. 65 - 90." type="journal article" year="1998">Davis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FF20AAD5FE47" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FF20AF30FF38" bold="true" box="[199,372,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE15FF1FAF93FF37" box="[391,471,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Uncus shallowly bilobed. Socii consisting of a pair of oval setigerous lobes. Valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FF74FEC4AF6DFEDC" box="[230,297,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) long and slender, with an elongate pectinifer along ventral margin extending ~ half length of valva. Vinculum Y-shaped. Aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE6DFEE7AC06FEFF" box="[511,578,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D), simple, slender and tubular, rosette-like shaped anteriorly; vesica without cornuti. Juxta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FEDAFE8CAFDFFEA4" box="[328,411,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C) elongate (~ 2/3 aedeagus length), slender, slightly spatulate distally, not divided but encircling aedeagus caudally. Saccus stout and tubular, with anterior apex slightly capitate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FE54AFBCFE6C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,504,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FE54AF20FE6C" bold="true" box="[199,356,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FEE0FE54AFFFFE6C" box="[370,443,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,916,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1434,916,1237]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oliera argentinana adults: (A) male; (B) female. Scale bar = 1.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282900/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FE77AB4DFE0F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1289,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Similar to male; abdominal sternum7 with caudal margin rounded, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F908A406FC60FE78AB40FE0F" authority="Davis 1998" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1998" box="[1010,1284,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FC60FE78AA23FE10" box="[1010,1127,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. eremita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F908A406FBE4FE77AAB8FE0F" author="Davis" box="[1142,1276,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Davis, D. R. (1998) The monotrysian Heteroneura. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.). Handbook of Zoology, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, vol. 1: Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, pp. 65 - 90." type="journal article" year="1998">Davis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FE1CAC6BFD44" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FE1CAFCAFE34" bold="true" box="[199,398,475,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE0DFE1CAFAAFE34" box="[415,494,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G). Anterior apophyses long, extending beyond abdominal segment 5. Posterior apophyses fused distally. Apex of ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FD23FE3FAD47FDD7" box="[689,771,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[277,1301,193,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[277,1301,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital morphology of O. argentinana on light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) scanning electron micrograph of male right valve, median view; (C) juxta, dorsal view; (D) aedeagus, dorsal view; (E) female genitalia, lateral view (open and closed arrows indicate the apodemes of posterior apophysis and cloaca, respectively); (F) scanning electron micrograph of female ovipositor, lateral view; (G) detail of ovipositor apex (enlarged area indicated by arrow in F). Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 50 µm, 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, 100 µm, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F,G) compressed and sagittate; ventral ridge with minute serrations. Cloaca with two apodemes that extend beyond abdominal segment 7. Spermatheca without lateral lagena; caudal part of ductus spermatheca not coiled. Vestibulum without sclerotized structures; ductus and corpus bursae membranous; signum absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF05FD50AF1AFD68" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[151,350,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF05FD50AF1AFD68" bold="true" box="[151,350,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Immature stages</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FD74AB14FD2F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FD74AFDDFD0C" bold="true" box="[199,409,691,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Last instar larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE3CFD74AC65FD0C" box="[430,545,692,716]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5. O" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1433,459,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1432,193,1566]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[153,1434,459,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[154,1434,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. O. argentinana last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A 2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A 10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length = 3.2+0.17 mm; head capsule width = 0.7+0.8 mm; n = 5. Prognathous, with chewing mouthparts; body cylindrical, covered with microtrichia; primary setae reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FD3CAAF0FB97" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Head dorsal (5B–C, 6A) yellowish brown, ~
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F908A406FD56FD3CAC9BFCD4" box="[708,735,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2x</date>
|
||
broader than high, with convex lateral margin; frontoclypeus well marked by pigmented adfontral sutures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FD34FCDFACA8FCF7" box="[678,748,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. O" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,459,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1434,459,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. O. argentinana last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B), subretangular in shape posteriorly, extending to apex of epicranial notch; ecdysial lines unpigmented, delimiting two semicircular, posteriorly located adfrontal areas. Head ventral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FF6EFCA7AF02FCBF" box="[252,326,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. O" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,459,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1434,459,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. O. argentinana last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C) with well marked, slightly divergent hypostomal ridges; hypostomal lobes subtriangular; basistipes and postmentum areas unpigmented. Stemmata absent; antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FB91FC4CAA0DFC64" box="[1027,1097,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C) reduced; labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FAA8FC4CABC4FC64" box="[1338,1408,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B) bilobed, with three pairs of small setae on distal margin; mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FC1DFC6FAD96FC07" box="[911,978,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D) well developed with four cusps along distal margin and one small seta basally on external surface; maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FC4AFC14AA5BFC2C" box="[984,1055,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E) with palpus and galea poorly developed; spinneret (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE02FC37AF97FBCF" box="[400,467,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F) tubular, equal in length to maxillary palpus; labial palpus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FB1AFC37AA8FFBCF" box="[1160,1227,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1434,215,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head morphology of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F) one-segmented, with well developed apical seta. Chaetotaxy consisting of 13 pairs of setae: F group unisetose; C group bisetose; AF group bisetose; A group trisetose; P group unisetose; L group unisetose; S group trisetose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FBA4AFCFFAB7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Thorax and abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE55FBA4AC52FBBC" box="[455,534,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. O" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,459,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1434,459,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. O. argentinana last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FDB6FBA4AC77FBBC" box="[548,563,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[154,1434,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A 2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A 10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) white; prothoracic shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FCFEFBA4ADFEFBBC" box="[876,954,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. O" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,459,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[153,1434,459,1886]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. O. argentinana last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B) consisting of pair of irregularly shaped, yellowish brown areas; A1–7 with well developed calli, centrally on posterior margin of terga; thoracic legs reduced to circular, unsegmented tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FD35FB6CACB5FB04" box="[679,753,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[154,1434,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A 2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A 10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D); prolegs absent; circular spiracles without elevated peritreme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE81FB0FAF13FB27" box="[275,343,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[154,1434,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A 2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A 10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E) laterally on T1, A1–8. Abdominal segment 10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FC09FB0FAD9BFB27" box="[923,991,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[154,1434,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of O. argentinana last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A 2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A 10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F) composed of three lobes, one dorsal and two lateral. Thoracic and abdominal setae reduced in number and size. T1 with 7 pairs of setae; SD group bisetose; L group bisetose; V group bisetose. T2–3 with 4 pairs of setae; SD group unisetose; SV unisetose; V group bisetose. A1–9 with 2 pairs of setae; SD and L, unisetoses. A10 with 4 pairs of setae; SD unisetose; SV bisetose; V unisetose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A406FF55FA44AC8CF8E7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55FA44AF41FA5C" bold="true" box="[199,261,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE8BFA44AF28FA5C" box="[281,364,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. O" captionStartId="12.[151,251,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,237,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[153,1434,237,1904]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. O. argentinana pupa on light microscopy. (25) dorsal view; (26) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282907/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FEEFFA44AFC9FA5C" box="[381,397,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. O" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[153,1434,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. O. argentinana pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A 6 and A 7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A 10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length = 3.723+
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A30A3F908A406FDF9FA44ACA0FA5C" box="[619,740,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="102.0">0.102 mm</quantity>
|
||
; n = 6. Yellowish brown, becoming dark brown near adult emergence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FEB2FA67AF36FA7F" box="[288,370,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
F); head with frontal processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FD4FFA67AD68FA7F" box="[733,812,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. O" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[153,1434,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. O. argentinana pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A 6 and A 7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A 10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) used for cutting the gall chamber wall, formed by five large spines, grouped into two parallel rows: dorsalmost row with three apical processes, middle process blunt, lateral ones acute, ventralmost row with two smaller, pointed processes; frons and lateral portion of vertex with two pairs of setae each; antennae narrow, long, apex near forewing apex; prothorax a narrow transverse band between head and mesothorax; hindwings concealed by forewings, reaching sternum A6; metathoracic legs reaching beyond forewing apex, on segment A7; tergaT2–3 with a pair of latero-dorsal setae. Abdominal segments covered by microtrichia; A2–8 with a transverse band of spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FCB2F9BFAD2BF957" box="[800,879,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. O" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[153,1434,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. O. argentinana pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A 6 and A 7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A 10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F), near anterior margin of terga; tergum A10 with anteriorly directed, acute process on posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FCAFF964ADC6F97C" box="[829,898,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. O" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[153,1434,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. O. argentinana pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A 6 and A 7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A 10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Setae arranged in three rows (dorsal, supra- and subspiracular); one dorsal pair on segments A1–8; one supra-spiracular pair on segments A2–8; three subspiracular pairs on segments A3–7, one pair on A8–9; spiracle circular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FC64F92CAA7FF8C4" box="[1014,1083,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. O" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[153,1434,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. O. argentinana pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A 6 and A 7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A 10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D), without elevated peretreme laterally on A2–8, spiracle on A8 greatly reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F908A407FF55F8F3ACEBFE47" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F908A406FF55F8F3AEBFF88C" bold="true" box="[199,251,1843,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE9CF8F4AF23F88C" box="[270,359,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spindle-shaped, enclosed within swollen stems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FC2BF8F4AA5EF88C" box="[953,1050,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B) on the host plant terminal branches. Larval chamber elliptical in shape (maximum diameter = 3.8+0.15mm; n = 6), transversally located in relation to the stem axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F908A406FE26F8BCAC54F854" box="[436,528,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E); with an external shallow wall, formed as an expansion of the wood tissue, under the bark. Unlike other Neotropical cecidosids, an operculum is lacking. With the advent of pupation, a progressive necrosis and eventual death of the external bark tissue of the gall occur which results in a thinning of the outer wall of the chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F909A407FD92FF57AC10FF6F" box="[512,596,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
F). With the action of the frontal process and body contortions, the pupa opens an irregular, lateral orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F909A407FD80FF7CAC27FF14" box="[530,611,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
G). By continuing these movements and anchoring the body laterally with its abdominal spines, the pupa pushes itself partially out of the gall. During this process, the anterior portion of the exuvia is split, allowing adult emergence. In most cases after adult emergence, the anterior part of the pupal exuvium (head and thorax) is found protruding to the outside, while the posterior third remains in the chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F909A407FAFCFEE7AEF0FEA4" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
H). After emergence, the outer wall of the chamber eventually collapses, with the empty galls appearing as small craters on the host plant stem surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F909A407FDD7FEAFACDCFE47" box="[581,664,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10. O" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1391,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. O. argentinana gall on S. polygamus branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFDCBB86F909A407FDE8FEAFACDCFE47" box="[634,664,367,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-01">10</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF909A407FF05F8BFADF4F812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[153,1433,459,1884]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F909A407FF05F8BFADF4F812" blockId="9.[151,1436,1919,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F909A407FF05F8BFAF51F855" bold="true" box="[151,277,1919,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F909A407FE8CF840AFFFF855" box="[286,443,1920,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F909A407FE8CF840AFFFF855" box="[286,443,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
last larval instar on light microscopy: (A) larva, lateral view (prothoracic plate is indicated by arrow); (B) head and prothorax, dorsal view (arrow indicates the ecdisial line); (C) head and prothorax, ventral view (arrow indicates the hypostomal ridge). Scale bars = 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 mm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90AA404FF05F98EAB0AF962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282905/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[154,1432,215,1592]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90AA404FF05F98EAB0AF962" blockId="10.[151,1436,1614,1699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FF05F98EAF50F9A4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1614,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Head morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FE6AF990ACD0F9A5" box="[504,660,1616,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FE6AF990ACD0F9A5" box="[504,660,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) Head, antero-lateral view; (B) clypeus and labrum, anterior view; (C) right antenna, anterior view; (D) left mandible, anterior view; (E) left maxilla, antero-lateral view; (F) labium and spinneret, antero-lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 20, 10, 20, 20, 10 µm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90AA404FF55F90FAC64F823" blockId="10.[151,1436,1743,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FF55F90FAF00F927" bold="true" box="[199,324,1743,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Host plant</emphasis>
|
||
. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90AA404FD57F90FAD48F927" box="[709,780,1743,1767]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FC85F910AD86F927" box="[791,962,1744,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FC85F910AD86F927" box="[791,962,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls have been found on plants identified in most Brazilian herbaria as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FE7DF933AC8EF8CB" box="[495,714,1779,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FE7DF933AC8EF8CB" box="[495,714,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FD4FF934AD5FF8CB" box="[733,795,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FCB4F933AD80F8CB" author="Cabrera" box="[806,964,1779,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Cabrera, A. L. (1938). Revision de las Anacardiaceas Austroamericanas. Revista del Museo de La Plata 2, 3 - 64." type="journal article" year="1938">Cabrera 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FC41F933AA15F8CB" author="Fleig" box="[979,1105,1779,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Fleig, M. (1987) Anacardiaceae. Boletim Instituto de Biociencias, 42, 1 - 72. (Flora Ilustrada do Rio Grande do Sul, 18)." type="journal article" year="1987">Fleig 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FBCDF933AADFF8CB" author="Fleig" box="[1119,1179,1779,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Fleig, M. (1989) Anacardiaceas. In: Reitz, R. (Ed.) Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Itajai: Herbario Barbosa Rodrigues, pp. 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The identity of such plants should be taken with caution because the taxonomy of the South American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FAB1F8D7AB3EF8EF" box="[1315,1402,1815,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FAB1F8D7AB3EF8EF" box="[1315,1402,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Schinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is controversial and in need of revision (for a discussion, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FCBDF8FBAD8EF893" author="Barkley" box="[815,970,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Barkley, F. A. (1957) A study of Schinus L. Lilloa, 28, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1957">Barkley 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FC47F8FBAAB7F893" author="Burckardt" box="[981,1267,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Burckardt, D. & Basset, Y. (2000) The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): systematics, biogeography and host plant relationships. Journal of Natural History, 34, 57 - 155." type="journal article" year="2000">Burckardt & Basset 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FAA3F8FBAF74F8B7" author="Steibel" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Steibel, P. E. & Troiani, H. O. (2008) La identidad de Schinus fasciculatus var. arenicola y rehabilitacion de S. sinuatus (Anacardiaceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica, 43, 15 - 166." type="journal article" year="2008">Steibel & Troiani 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90AA404FE69F89FACF4F8B7" author="Barkley" box="[507,688,1887,1911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Barkley, F. A. (1957) A study of Schinus L. Lilloa, 28, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1957">Barkley (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FCDCF8A0ADA8F8B7" box="[846,1004,1887,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FCDCF8A0ADA8F8B7" box="[846,1004,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90AA404FBD3F8A0AAE7F8B8" box="[1089,1187,1888,1912]" name="Uruguay" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
might pertain to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FA15F8A0AF59F85B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FA15F8A0AF59F85B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may also be true for those from the southern part of RS. According to that author, the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FED4F868AFA4F87F" box="[326,480,1959,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FED4F868AFA4F87F" box="[326,480,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90AA404FD0DF867AC9BF87F" box="[671,735,1959,1983]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In Mendoza,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90AA404FC1EF867ADBAF87F" box="[908,1022,1959,1983]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, such galls are in fact found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90AA404FA15F868AF59F823" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90AA404FA15F868AF59F823" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as already mentioned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90BA405FF05F9F3AD4CF904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282906/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[154,1432,193,1566]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90BA405FF05F9F3AD4CF904" blockId="11.[151,1436,1587,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FF05F9F3AF50F989" bold="true" box="[151,276,1587,1610]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Thoracic and abdominal morphologies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90BA405FD59F9F5AD22F98A" box="[715,870,1589,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FD59F9F5AD22F98A" box="[715,870,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
last larval instar on scanning electron microscopy: (A) first and second abdominal segments, latero-dorsal view (arrow points to dorsal calli); (B) detail of the callus on A2; (C) left thoracic pleura, lateral view (arrow points to unsegmented tubercles, reminiscent of thoracic legs); (D) Detail of the mesothoracic leg rudiment; (E) spiracle from second abdominal segment, lateral view; (F) abdominal segment A10, posterior view. Scale bars = 100, 50, 100, 25, 10, 100 µm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378CECDF90BA41FFF55F931AD9EFAEF" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90BA405FF55F931ACC4F821" blockId="11.[151,1436,1777,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FF55F931AF1DF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1777,1802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. In general, Neotropical cecidosids are rarely represented in insect collections.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90BA405FAC1F931AF5BF8ED" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FAC1F931AF5BF8ED" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from material collected in the Buenos Aires province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90BA405FB51F8D5AB76F8ED" box="[1219,1330,1813,1837]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90BA405FAD6F8D5AE97F891" author="Brethes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Brethes, J. (1916) Estudio fito-zoologico sobre algunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 82, 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1916">Brèthes 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species was recently collected further west in the Argentinean province of Mendoza, where apparently it is rare. It has been found further east by the first author in the Southeastern Highlands of Rio Grande do Sul state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90BA405FF05F841AE9BF859" box="[151,223,1921,1945]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was not listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90BA405FE5EF841AC8EF859" box="[460,714,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Biezanko, C. M., Ruffinelli, A. & Carbonell, C. S. (1957) Lepidoptera del Uruguay. Revista Facultad de Agronomia, Montevideo, 46, 1 - 152." type="journal article">
|
||
Biezanko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FDACF842AC34F859" box="[574,624,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1957)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90BA405FC82F842AD37F85A" box="[784,883,1922,1946]" name="Uruguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, possibly due to inadequate collecting. Thus, the meager distributional data available suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90BA405FD2BF866AD27F87D" box="[697,867,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FD2BF866AD27F87D" box="[697,867,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs primarily within the Pampa province of the Chacoan subregion (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90BA405FEECF80AAF83F821" box="[382,455,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sensus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90BA405FE5DF80AAC31F821" author="Morrone" box="[463,629,1993,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2006) Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean Islands base on panbiogeographic and cladistics analyses of the entomofauna. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 467 - 94." type="journal article" year="2006">Morrone 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90CA402FF05F851AE82F806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282907/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[153,1433,237,1902]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90CA402FF05F851AE82F806" blockId="12.[151,1435,1937,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90CA402FF05F851AF50F866" bold="true" box="[151,276,1937,1960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90CA402FE89F852AFF3F867" box="[283,439,1938,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90CA402FE89F852AFF3F867" box="[283,439,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa on light microscopy. (25) dorsal view; (26) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90DA403FF05F895AD69F826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[153,1434,193,1854]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90DA403FF05F895AD69F826" blockId="13.[151,1436,1877,2022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90DA403FF05F895AF56F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1877,1900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90DA403FE8AF896AFF5F8AB" box="[280,433,1878,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90DA403FE8AF896AFF5F8AB" box="[280,433,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupal morphology on scanning electron microscopy. (A) head, ventral view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) subspiracular setae from fourth abdominal segment, lateral view; (D) spiracle from third abdominal segment, lateral view; (E) abdominal terga A6 and A7, lateral view, showing tergal spine rows, located on anterior margin; (F) tergal spine rows in detail, latero-posterior view; (G) Single tergal spine, centrally located on posterior margin of segment abdominal A10, lateral view. Scale bars = 200, 200, 50, 10, 100, 20, 50 µm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90EA400FF05F93DAD65F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282909/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[191,1391,193,1767]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90EA400FF05F93DAD65F82A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1789,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90EA400FF05F93DAF64F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1789,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90EA400FEB4F93FAF85F8D4" box="[294,449,1791,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90EA400FEB4F93FAF85F8D4" box="[294,449,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gall on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90EA400FD86F93FACD8F8D4" box="[532,668,1790,1812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90EA400FD86F93FACD8F8D4" box="[532,668,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
branch: (A) apical branches showing lateral galls (indicated by arrow); (B) Detail of the stem bark surface on top of gall chamber; (C) superficially cut gall chamber of the same gall, showing a last instar larva; (D) a longitudinally cut gall, showing the transversal location of the gall chamber in relation to the stem axis; (E) transversal section of a stem through a gall chamber, showing its elliptical shape and location under bark (asterisk indicates gall chamber; arrow points to plant vessels); (F) longitudinally cut gall chamber showing a mature pupa inside; (G) the same gall, showing the pupal exit hole prior emergence; (H) pupal exuvia protruded from the gall exit hole, just after the adult emergence; (I) empty gall chambers (indicated by arrow) on branch after dehiscence of stem bark covering, later on, after adult emergence season. Scale bars = 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2 mm, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF90FA401FF05F989AA94F91A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282910/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[153,1434,222,1588]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90FA401FF05F989AA94F91A" blockId="15.[151,1436,1609,1755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FF05F989AF67F99F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1609,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood tree of Neotropical cecidosid species based on 626 bp of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome-c oxidase I gene [COI]). Numbers indicate bootstrap support higher than 50%: above branches, maximum likelihood/neighbour-joining; below branches, maximum parsimony. Asterisk indicates bootstrap values <50%. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FF05F965AF4EF97B" box="[151,266,1701,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FE8FF966AF1FF97B" box="[285,347,1702,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Greya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FE8FF966AF1FF97B" box="[285,347,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Greya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FEECF966AF9AF97C" box="[382,478,1702,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Prodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FEECF966AF9AF97C" box="[382,478,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prodoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FD92F967AC19F97C" box="[512,605,1703,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Tetragma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FD92F967AC19F97C" box="[512,605,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tetragma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FD30F965AD17F97B" authority="(Adela)" baseAuthorityName="Adela" box="[674,851,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Adelidae (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FC82F966AD0FF97C" box="[784,843,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Adela</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used to root the tree according to the phylogeny proposed for Incurvarioidea (Peelmyr & Leebens-Mack 1999); see Table 1 and text for further description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F90FA401FF55F8C6AC87F813" blockId="15.[151,1436,1798,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FF55F8C6AF17F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,339,1798,1823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
. Little is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FC82F8C8ADF9F8DF" box="[784,957,1800,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FC82F8C8ADF9F8DF" box="[784,957,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90FA401FBCAF8C7AADBF8DF" box="[1112,1183,1799,1823]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, their galls have been collected occasionally, and concentrated primarily on a few hosts among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FC6EF8ECAAD2F883" box="[1020,1174,1835,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FC6EF8ECAAD2F883" box="[1020,1174,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. polygamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants within a given locality. They may, however, occur in dense concentrations on single plants and share the same host with other cecidosids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FEE4F8B4AFA8F84B" box="[374,492,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FEE4F8B4AFA8F84B" box="[374,492,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. eremita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F90FA401FDB4F8B4ACA7F84B" box="[550,739,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F90FA401FDB4F8B4ACA7F84B" box="[550,739,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. congregatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In agreement with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F90FA401FC58F8B3AA31F84B" author="Brethes" box="[970,1141,1907,1931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Brethes, J. (1916) Estudio fito-zoologico sobre algunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 82, 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1916">Brèthes (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, our field collection dates indicate that the species is univoltine in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90FA401FDCDF857AC8AF86F" box="[607,718,1943,1967]" name="Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F90FA401FCE1F857ADFEF86F" box="[883,954,1943,1967]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with adult emergence occurring from late Spring to early Summer (November / December).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41EFF55FF58ADFCFE34" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF55FF58AF85FF70" bold="true" box="[199,449,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Molecular phylogeny</emphasis>
|
||
. A total of 626 nucleotide sites were analyzed, in which 262 sites were variable and 230 parsimony informative. Genetic divergence among major lineages tested, including cecidosid genera and outgroups, varied from 15 to 28% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0A8FDF910A41EFDAEFF1FACDCFF37" box="[572,664,223,247]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,238,547,571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1340,700,1160]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. Estimates of evolutionary divergence between sequences based on 626 base pairs of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene using Kimura 2 - parameter model (Kimura 1980). Average number (± standard error) of base substitutions per site over all sequence pairs between groups, obtained by a bootstrap procedure of 1000 replicates are shown. The analysis involved 24 specimens belonging to five Neotropical cecidosid lineages and two outgroups (Prodoxidae and Adelidae)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DCDCEF910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF1DCDCEF910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Distance, ML and MP analyses showed identical topology with different bootstrap supports (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F910A41EFE60FEC4AC0FFEDC" box="[498,587,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,222,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[153,1434,221,1588]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood tree of Neotropical cecidosid species based on 626 bp of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome-c oxidase I gene [COI]). Numbers indicate bootstrap support higher than 50 %: above branches, maximum likelihood / neighbour-joining; below branches, maximum parsimony. Asterisk indicates bootstrap values <50 %. Species of Prodoxidae (Greya + Prodoxus + Tetragma) and Adelidae (Adela) were used to root the tree according to the phylogeny proposed for Incurvarioidea (Peelmyr & Leebens-Mack 1999); see Table 1 and text for further description." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282910/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFDFAFEC4AD03FEDC" box="[616,839,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFDFAFEC4AD03FEDC" box="[616,839,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was strongly supported as a monophyletic clade positioned within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFEF2FEE7AFADFEFF" box="[352,489,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFD1CFEE8AD5DFE80" box="[654,793,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFD1CFEE8AD5DFE80" box="[654,793,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The node that joins
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFB96FEE8AA09FE80" box="[1028,1101,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFB96FEE8AA09FE80" box="[1028,1101,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFBF8FEE8AAB0FE80" box="[1130,1268,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFBF8FEE8AAB0FE80" box="[1130,1268,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered either in distance, probabilistic or parsimony analyses, with bootstrap support higher than 60%. The clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFAAEFE8CABC1FEA4" box="[1340,1413,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFAAEFE8CABC1FEA4" box="[1340,1413,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF05FEB0AF66FE48" box="[151,290,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF05FEB0AF66FE48" box="[151,290,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFDE4FEB0ACA3FE48" box="[630,743,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFDE4FEB0ACA3FE48" box="[630,743,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These three clades together represent the current status of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFEB0FE54AFEFFE6C" box="[290,427,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFDA0FE55ACF5FE6C" box="[562,689,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFDA0FE55ACF5FE6C" box="[562,689,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, the resulting phylogeny indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFA90FE55ABC6FE6C" box="[1282,1410,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFA90FE55ABC6FE6C" box="[1282,1410,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not closely related to the other cecidosid genera, because the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFCDDFE77AD8BFE0F" box="[847,975,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFB95FE77AA28FE0F" box="[1031,1132,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Adelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined were positioned between these groups, thus leaving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFDB7FE1DACE1FE34" box="[549,677,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFDB7FE1DACE1FE34" box="[549,677,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an outgroup (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F910A41EFCF2FE1CADEFFE34" box="[864,939,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,222,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[153,1434,221,1588]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood tree of Neotropical cecidosid species based on 626 bp of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome-c oxidase I gene [COI]). Numbers indicate bootstrap support higher than 50 %: above branches, maximum likelihood / neighbour-joining; below branches, maximum parsimony. Asterisk indicates bootstrap values <50 %. Species of Prodoxidae (Greya + Prodoxus + Tetragma) and Adelidae (Adela) were used to root the tree according to the phylogeny proposed for Incurvarioidea (Peelmyr & Leebens-Mack 1999); see Table 1 and text for further description." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282910/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig.11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1DCDCEF910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B" ID-Table-UUID="DF1DCDCEF910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1DCDCEF910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1340,700,1160]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41EFF05FDE3AB54FD5B" blockId="16.[151,1436,547,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF05FDE3AF43FDFB" bold="true" box="[151,263,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Estimates of evolutionary divergence between sequences based on 626 base pairs of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene using Kimura 2-parameter model (Kimura 1980). Average number (± standard error) of base substitutions per site over all sequence pairs between groups, obtained by a bootstrap procedure of 1000 replicates are shown. The analysis involved 24 specimens belonging to five Neotropical cecidosid lineages and two outgroups (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFC65FD44AA2BFD5B" box="[1015,1135,644,667]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFB30FD44AB41FD5B" box="[1186,1285,644,667]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Adelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41EFEE1FD7CAF5FFB48" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F9626FE6F9105BF1FF05FD7CAB78FB48" box="[151,1340,700,1160]" gridcols="6" gridrows="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FD7CAB78FD12" box="[151,1340,700,722]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FD7CAFA2FD12" box="[371,486,700,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFEE1FD7CAFF1FD12" box="[371,437,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFEE1FD7CAFF1FD12" box="[371,437,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FD7CACCDFD12" box="[533,649,700,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFD87FD7DACCDFD12" box="[533,649,701,722]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFD87FD7DACCDFD12" box="[533,649,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FD7CAD11FD12" box="[694,853,700,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFD24FD7CAD76FD12" box="[694,818,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FC15FD7CADBEFD12" box="[903,1018,700,722]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFC15FD7CADAAFD12" box="[903,1006,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFC15FD7CADAAFD12" box="[903,1006,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FBBAFD7CAB78FD12" box="[1064,1340,700,722]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFBBAFD7CAAE1FD12" box="[1064,1189,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFBBAFD7CAAE1FD12" box="[1064,1189,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFB5BFD7CAB78FD12" box="[1225,1340,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FD2BAB78FCC1" box="[151,1340,747,769]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FD2BAF01FCC1" box="[151,325,747,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FD2BAEA3FCC1" box="[165,231,747,769]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF37FD2BAEA3FCC1" box="[165,231,747,769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FD2BAFA2FCC1" box="[371,486,747,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFEE1FD2CAF3FFCC1" box="[371,379,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FCD7AB78FCED" box="[151,1340,791,813]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FCD7AF01FCED" box="[151,325,791,813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FCD8AF5DFCED" box="[165,281,792,813]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF37FCD8AF5DFCED" box="[165,281,792,813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FCD7AFA2FCED" box="[371,486,791,813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.26 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FCD7ACCDFCED" box="[533,649,791,813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FC82AB78FC99" box="[151,1340,834,857]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FC82AF01FC99" box="[151,325,834,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FC82AF65FC98" box="[165,289,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FC82AFA2FC99" box="[371,486,834,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.15 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FC82ACCDFC99" box="[533,649,834,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.25 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FC82AD11FC99" box="[694,853,834,857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FCAFAB78FC45" box="[151,1340,879,901]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FCAFAF01FC45" box="[151,325,879,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FCAFAF48FC45" box="[165,268,879,901]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF37FCAFAF48FC45" box="[165,268,879,901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FCAFAFA2FC45" box="[371,486,879,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.18 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FCAFACCDFC45" box="[533,649,879,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.28 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FCAFAD11FC45" box="[694,853,879,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.21 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FC15FCAFADBEFC45" box="[903,1018,879,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FC5AAB78FC71" box="[151,1340,922,945]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FC5AAF01FC71" box="[151,325,922,945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FC5BAF66FC71" box="[165,290,923,945]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFF37FC5BAF66FC71" box="[165,290,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FC5AAFA2FC71" box="[371,486,922,945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.17 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FC5AACCDFC71" box="[533,649,922,945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.25 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FC5AAD11FC71" box="[694,853,922,945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.18 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FC15FC5AADBEFC71" box="[903,1018,922,945]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.21 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FBBAFC5AAB78FC71" box="[1064,1340,922,945]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FC07AB78FC1D" box="[151,1340,967,989]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FC07AF01FC1D" box="[151,325,967,989]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FC07AF5CFC1D" box="[165,280,967,989]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FC07AFA2FC1D" box="[371,486,967,989]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.25 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FC07ACCDFC1D" box="[533,649,967,989]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.28 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FC07AD11FC1D" box="[694,853,967,989]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.25 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FC15FC07ADBEFC1D" box="[903,1018,967,989]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.24 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FBBAFC07AB78FC1D" box="[1064,1340,967,989]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.25 ± 0.03 -</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FC33AB78FBC9" box="[151,1340,1011,1033]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FC33AF01FBC9" box="[151,325,1011,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFF37FC33AF45FBC9" box="[165,257,1011,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Adelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FEE1FC33AFA2FBC9" box="[371,486,1011,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.22 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD87FC33ACCDFBC9" box="[533,649,1011,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.24 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FD24FC33AD11FBC9" box="[694,853,1011,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.26 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FC15FC33ADBEFBC9" box="[903,1018,1011,1033]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.22 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="7683F678F9105BF1FBBAFC33AB78FBC9" box="[1064,1340,1011,1033]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.26 ± 0.03 0.18 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35529F04F9105BF1FF05FBAEAB78FB48" box="[151,1340,1134,1160]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="7683F678F9105BF1FF05FBAEAF01FB48" box="[151,325,1134,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41EFF05FB75AB0FFAD5" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Results found in the present study have relevant implications not only for the taxonomy and phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFA13FB76AF5BFB31" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFA13FB76AF5BFB31" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also for the other supra-specific lineages of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFC6FFB19AACEFB31" box="[1021,1162,1241,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They also suggest the existence of a greater diversity for the family in southern South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F910A41EFCF1FB3DAD82FAD5" box="[867,966,1277,1301]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which should be explored further.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41EFF55FAE2AADDF961" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
In the original work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F910A41EFE43FAE1AC38FAF9" author="Brethes" box="[465,636,1313,1337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Brethes, J. (1916) Estudio fito-zoologico sobre algunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 82, 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1916">Brèthes (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the external morphology of the gall, larva, pupa and adult stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFA13FAE2AF5BFA9D" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFA13FAE2AF5BFA9D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were illustrated. Although lacking details, his general description gave three conspicuous characters that clearly separate this species from other described South American cecidosids: 1) gall formation restricted to under bark of terminal branches, without developing an external, fruit-like chamber; 2) pupa with a cephalic frontal process (gall cutter) formed by five large spines, grouped into two rows, with three spines in the anterior and two in the posterior row; 3) adult uniformly covered by reddish brown scales. Because the specimens we examined agree completely with these features, we conclude that the original description of the gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFBCFFA3AAB43F9D1" box="[1117,1287,1530,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFBCFFA3AAB43F9D1" box="[1117,1287,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F910A41EFF05F9DDAF06F9F5" author="Brethes" box="[151,322,1565,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Brethes, J. (1916) Estudio fito-zoologico sobre algunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 82, 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1916">Brèthes (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is accurate. We complement it further with data from scanning electron microscopy and DNA sequences. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D923E4F910A41EFEDAF981AFEBF999" box="[328,431,1601,1625]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFE41F982AC39F999" box="[467,637,1602,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFE41F982AC39F999" box="[467,637,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in poor condition; it is basically only a thorax on a pin with a slide of the damaged genitalia. But it shows clear diagnostic similarities, as for example the stout saccus and enlarged, semicircular anterior end of the aedeagus, which are most characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFC7AF94AAAD6F961" box="[1000,1170,1674,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFC7AF94AAAD6F961" box="[1000,1170,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F910A41FFF55F96DADD7FE80" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,2022]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,1327]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The redescription presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F910A41EFDB2F96EACEEF905" author="Parra" box="[544,682,1709,1733]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of what was allegedly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFC35F96EAA08F906" box="[935,1100,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFC35F96EAA08F906" box="[935,1100,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F910A41EFB1DF96DAA8EF905" box="[1167,1226,1709,1733]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
diverges markedly from the features presented above for Argentinean material. Parra described the gall as a chamber on a short stalk protruding externally from the plant stem, the frontal process of the pupa as truncated and conical, and the adult colour as varying from greyish to whitish-grey with scattered black scales on the forewings. In addition, the larva studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F910A41EFF05F8FEAF64F895" author="Parra" box="[151,288,1853,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
possessed two stemmata, structures that are absent in all known Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFBF8F8FDAAB7F895" box="[1130,1267,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, the pupa illustrated by him possessed conspicuous abdominal spines whose size, shape and arrangement are different from those known for the remaining species. Furthermore, the adult figured by Davis (1999), as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F910A41EFBE9F846AB66F85E" box="[1147,1314,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F910A41EFBE9F846AB66F85E" box="[1147,1314,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, illustrated from material collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F910A41EFE2FF869AFBCF801" box="[445,504,1961,1985]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and supposedly conspecific with that examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F910A41EFBA4F86AAA87F801" author="Parra" box="[1078,1219,1961,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has a 3-segmented labial palpi, contrary to what we described herein. The DNA analysis in this study included specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F910A41EFAF3F80DABD8F825" box="[1377,1436,1997,2021]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(treated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEDDFF57AF91FF6F" box="[335,469,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.), which morphologically are similar to the material studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFB41FF58AB27FF6F" author="Parra" box="[1235,1379,151,175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our results give further support to our hypothesis that Parra misidentified the species he studied, because such specimens arose not within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEE6FF20AFFFFF38" box="[372,443,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFEE6FF20AFFFFF38" box="[372,443,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, but as a sister group of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFCBEFF20ADF7FF38" box="[812,947,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFCBEFF20ADF7FF38" box="[812,947,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC4BFF20AA64FF38" box="[985,1056,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC4BFF20AA64FF38" box="[985,1056,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFBAEFF20AA87FF38" box="[1084,1219,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFBAEFF20AA87FF38" box="[1084,1219,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135981C3F911A41FFA8EFF1FAB21FF37" box="[1308,1381,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,222,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[153,1434,221,1588]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood tree of Neotropical cecidosid species based on 626 bp of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome-c oxidase I gene [COI]). Numbers indicate bootstrap support higher than 50 %: above branches, maximum likelihood / neighbour-joining; below branches, maximum parsimony. Asterisk indicates bootstrap values <50 %. Species of Prodoxidae (Greya + Prodoxus + Tetragma) and Adelidae (Adela) were used to root the tree according to the phylogeny proposed for Incurvarioidea (Peelmyr & Leebens-Mack 1999); see Table 1 and text for further description." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282910/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig.11</figureCitation>
|
||
). We conclude that the specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFDD9FEC5AC90FEDC" author="Parra" box="[587,724,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Davis (1999) belong to either one or two different cecidosid lineages, which will be treated elsewhere (San Blas, G.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFD61FEE9AD67FE80" box="[755,803,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F911A41FFF55FE8BADB6FCD4" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFF55FE8BAC61FEA4" bold="true" box="[199,549,331,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFE4EFE8BAC61FEA4" box="[476,549,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFE4EFE8BAC61FEA4" bold="true" box="[476,549,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Results from both morphology and DNA do not support the proposition by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFF05FEB0AF6CFE47" author="Parra" box="[151,296,367,391]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parra, L. E. (1998) A redescription of Cecidoses argentinana (Cecidosidae) and its early stages, with comments on its taxonomic position. Nota lepidopterologica, 21, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Parra (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEFAFEB0AFF5FE48" box="[360,433,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFEFAFEB0AFF5FE48" box="[360,433,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymous to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFD06FEB0AD42FE48" box="[660,774,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFD06FEB0AD42FE48" box="[660,774,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Instead, we found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC66FEB0AA79FE48" box="[1012,1085,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC66FEB0AA79FE48" box="[1012,1085,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFF05FE54AF65FE6C" box="[151,289,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFF05FE54AF65FE6C" box="[151,289,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other species should be assigned to this genus with increased collecting efforts for Neotropical cecidosids. According to preliminary molecular results, not included in the present study, there are at least two additional congeneric species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFD94FE1DACF4FE34" box="[518,688,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFD94FE1DACF4FE34" box="[518,688,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O. argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are known only from the larval stage, collected recently in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F911A41FFF05FE3FAE90FDD7" box="[151,212,511,535]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F911A41FFE99FE3FAF0BFDD7" box="[267,335,511,535]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(San Blas, G. & Moreira, G.R.P., unpubl. data). Furthermore, our observations revealed that these genera present major, consistent morphological differences for most life stages (larva, pupa and adult).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFAC1FDE4AF5BFDA0" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFAC1FDE4AF5BFDA0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera argentinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens have the following characteristics, which are not found on the other Neotropical cecidosids examined: 1) gall developing under the bark of terminal branches, without developing an external, fruit-like chamber; 2) larva with pronounced, posteriorly rectangular frontoclypeus with apex extended to the epicranial notch, associated with unpigmented ecdisial lines that delimit two semicircular, posteriorly located adfrontal areas; 3) pupa with cephalic frontal process composed of 5 separate individual processes, and last abdominal segment with a single, dorsal acute spine; and, 4) adult with 2-segmented labial palpi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F911A41FFF55FCE0ADD3FC2C" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFF55FCE0AC86FCF8" bold="true" box="[199,706,799,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Phylogeny and systematic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFDA1FCDFAC86FCF8" box="[563,706,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Our study shows that genetic divergence among Neotropical cecidosid genera (> 20% in most cases) is nearly equal or greater than the divergence between them and the related adeloid families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEC3FCA7AF94FCBF" box="[337,464,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFD95FCA7AC2BFCBF" box="[519,623,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Adelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herein used as outgroups. Such results do not support the proposition of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFF05FC4CAF7DFC64" author="Becker" box="[151,313,908,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Becker, V. O. (1977) The taxonomic position of the Cecidosidae Brethes (Lepidoptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 47, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1977">Becker (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarding the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFDE8FC4CAD41FC64" box="[634,773,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFDE8FC4CAD41FC64" box="[634,773,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFCD4FC4CADFCFC64" box="[838,952,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFCD4FC4CADFCFC64" box="[838,952,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we propose that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFB5AFC4CAB17FC64" box="[1224,1363,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFB5AFC4CAB17FC64" box="[1224,1363,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be reinstated as valid. We are in the process of revising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFD5CFC70AD1DFC08" box="[718,857,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFD5CFC70AD1DFC08" box="[718,857,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our preliminary results indicate a greater diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFF27FC14AF7BFC2C" box="[181,319,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFF27FC14AF7BFC2C" box="[181,319,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F375DDD6F911A41FFDB1FC14AC2CFC2C" box="[547,616,980,1004]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
than previously suspected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD9D46F911A41FFF55FC37AD9EFAEF" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Finally, our molecular analysis suggests that the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFCC8FC37ADA7FBCF" box="[858,995,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC65FC39AA71FBD0" box="[1015,1077,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFBD3FC37AB0FFBCF" author="Nielsen" box="[1089,1355,1015,1039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Nielsen, E. S. & Davis, D. R. (1985) The first southern hemisphere prodoxid and phylogeny of the Incurvarioidea (Lepidoptera). Systematic Entomology, 10, 307 - 322." type="journal article" year="1985">Nielsen & Davis 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Davis 1999) may be paraphyletic.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFE41FBDDACB1FBF4" box="[467,757,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFE41FBDDACB1FBF4" box="[467,757,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dicranoses congregatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
came out as the sister group of a cluster comprising species belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEC5FBFFAC5DFB97" authority="(Adela)" baseAuthorityName="Adela" box="[343,537,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Adelidae (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFE5FFB80AC4AFB98" box="[461,526,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Adela</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFDE9FBFFACBEFB97" box="[635,762,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC9EFB81AD37FB98" box="[780,883,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Tetragma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC9EFB81AD37FB98" box="[780,883,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tetragma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC04FB80AD9FFB97" box="[918,987,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Greya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC04FB80AD9FFB97" box="[918,987,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Greya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC69FB80AA21FB98" box="[1019,1125,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Prodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFC69FB80AA21FB98" box="[1019,1125,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prodoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and not closely related to the clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEB9FBA4AFD9FBBC" box="[299,413,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFEB9FBA4AFD9FBBC" box="[299,413,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFE58FBA4AC10FBBC" box="[458,596,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Eucecidoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFE58FBA4AC10FBBC" box="[458,596,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eucecidoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFDEBFBA4AC86FBBC" box="[633,706,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFDEBFBA4AC86FBBC" box="[633,706,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as was initially expected. In addition, distance-based analysis revealed pairwise divergences among cecidosid lineages to be as high as those between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFB22FB47AB7DFB5F" box="[1200,1337,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the outgroups. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEDEFB6CAF8FFB04" box="[332,459,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prodoxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFC02FB6CAA5DFB04" box="[912,1049,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pellmyr &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFB3FFB6CABD3FB04" author="Leebens-Mack" box="[1197,1431,1196,1220]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Peelmyr, O. & Leebens-Mack, J. (1999) Forty million years of mutualism: evidence for Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 9178 - 9183." type="journal article" year="1999">Leebens-Mack 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3E0B7F911A41FFF05FB11AFECFB27" author="Hoare" box="[151,424,1231,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Dugdale, J. S. (2003) Description of the New Zealand incurvarioid Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. and placement in Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera). Invertebrate Systematics, 17, 47 - 57." type="journal article" year="2003">Hoare & Dugdale 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We plan to obtain additional DNA sequences, using more conserved gene markers and also to study
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFEA6FB35AD2BFACC" authority="Kieffer & Jorgensen, 1916" authorityName="Kieffer & Jorgensen" authorityYear="1916" box="[308,879,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFEA6FB35AC6BFACC" box="[308,559,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D923E4F911A41FFC3BFB35AD9DFACD" box="[937,985,1269,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFBF2FB35AAA4FACC" box="[1120,1248,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9164154F911A41FFBF2FB35AAA4FACC" box="[1120,1248,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dicranoses</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in order to test further the composition and phylogenetic relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C62E6C5F911A41FFCDBFAD7AD92FAEF" box="[841,982,1303,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |