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<document id="4D08F2EF2BA3B30EF405E550972B52B6" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00400.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5446145" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630460512469" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Savage, Jay M. &amp; Watling, James I." docDate="2008" docId="03C487E43576C152FF05FAC8FA84FC4F" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00400.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00400.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Geophis zeledoni Taylor 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="591" masterDocId="FFFDFF9C356BC14CFFDCFF96FF09FF96" masterDocTitle="Not so rare snakes: a revision of the Geophis sieboldi group (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in lower Central America and Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="599" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="590" updateTime="1699279013921" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0F612E8B3AE65EEB7AA5863063738AA3">Not so rare snakes: a revision of the Geophis sieboldi group (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in lower Central America and Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0EE38B49A3F2F0943B99D1B3E9F931C1">Savage, Jay M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03CA895DEB8D90AFC0D503DBCF165270">Watling, James I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D22A818E3CD548DC8EE68231F45E32E4">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FDAA7D9A60171DEE382318EFCBE1B03A">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADBB3DD549A50F7816C79B0FF78F3A0D">2008-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="260C72E998C51EF63CDF2B4A468D6DE0" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00400.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4EAA5D2122EB465CA97864CA88B1E325" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D08E1489A0A477DD9708D6C893FDB916" type="Zenodo-Dep">5446145</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C487E43576C152FF05FAC8FA84FC4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487E43576C152FF05FAC8FA84FC4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487E43576C152FF05FAC8FA84FC4F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<subSubSection id="C37765793576C151FF05FAC8FDDCFAE5" box="[217,725,1373,1395]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD236F23576C151FF05FAC8FDDCFAE5" blockId="29.[217,725,1373,1395]" box="[217,725,1373,1395]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<heading id="D09A819E3576C151FF05FAC8FDDCFAE5" box="[217,725,1373,1395]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713576C151FF05FAC8FD6AFAE5" authority="TAYLOR, 1954" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1954" box="[217,611,1373,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeledoni">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FF05FAC8FEBEFAE7" box="[217,439,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">GEOPHIS ZELEDONI</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033576C151FE1DFAC8FD6AFAE5" author="Taylor EH" box="[449,611,1373,1395]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" pagination="673 - 801" refId="ref27779" refString="Taylor EH. 1954. Further studies on the serpents of Costa Rica. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 36: 673 - 801." type="journal article" year="1954">TAYLOR, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13562A773576C151FDAAFACBFDC4FAE5" box="[630,717,1373,1395]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,956,975]" captionTargetBox="[370,1197,200,893]" captionTargetId="figure-351@2.[367,1199,198,897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Lateral head scalation in Geophis: A, pattern typical of G. zeledoni; B, pattern typical of G. brachycephalus complex; C, variant pattern; D, pattern typical of G. hoffmanni. PT, posterior temporal; U, upper postsupralabial; L, lower postsupralabial; PI, postinfralabial; number of supralabials and infralabials indicated by Arabic numerals; number of jubals indicated by Roman numerals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5446147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5446147/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">FIG. 1A</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37765793576C151FF78FA12FBBEF9A4" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD236F23576C151FF78FA12FD19F9A4" blockId="29.[164,779,1412,1587]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D11DC3576C151FF78FA12FD19F9A4" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC10E33576C151FF78FA12FD3FFA0C" author="Taylor EH" box="[164,566,1412,1434]" page="693" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" year="1954">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713576C151FF78FA12FD3FFA0C" authority="Taylor, 1954: 693" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="693" authorityYear="1954" box="[164,566,1412,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeledoni">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FF78FA12FE6DFA0F" box="[164,356,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Geophis zeledoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033576C151FEB1FA12FD3FFA0C" author="Taylor EH" box="[365,566,1412,1434]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" pagination="673 - 801" refId="ref27779" refString="Taylor EH. 1954. Further studies on the serpents of Costa Rica. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 36: 673 - 801." type="journal article" year="1954">Taylor, 1954: 693</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4 (Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F37A76623576C151FF0BFA35FE55FA2E" box="[215,348,1442,1464]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49A9F8103576C151FEB0FA34FEC6FA2E" box="[364,463,1442,1464]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="49A9F8103576C151FE03FA34FD4BFA2E" box="[479,578,1442,1464]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
: between Volcán Barva and Volcán Poás: Finca Zeledón,
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FD44FA54FDAAFA41" box="[664,675,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">c</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FD6CFA57FC0FFA40" box="[688,774,1473,1494]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="1829.0">1829 m</quantity>
;
<typeStatus id="54D688503576C151FF78FA76FE07FA60" box="[164,270,1504,1526]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: KU31992, an adult female);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC10E33576C151FDB2FA76FFC6F985" author="Downs FL" page="174" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033576C151FDB2FA76FFC6F985" author="Downs FL" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref26741" refString="Downs FL. 1967. Intrageneric relationships among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 131: 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1967">Downs, 1967: 174</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 19;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC10E33576C151FEE0FA68FD1AF982" author="Savage JM" box="[316,531,1534,1556]" page="604" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033576C151FEE0FA68FD1AF982" author="Savage JM" box="[316,531,1534,1556]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" refId="ref27484" refString="Savage JM. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: a herpetofauna between two continents between two seas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2002">Savage, 2002: 604</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC10E33576C151FD48FA68FE1EF9A4" author="Solorzano A" page="292" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033576C151FD48FA68FE1EF9A4" author="Solorzano A" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" refId="ref27735" refString="Solorzano A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica: distribucion, taxonomia e historia natural / Snakes of Costa Rica: distribution, taxonomy, and natural history. San Jose, Costa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)." type="book" year="2004">Solórzano, 2004: 292</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 83, 84 (in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236F23576C151FF78F9F3FBBEF9A4" blockId="29.[164,779,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="29.[826,1441,1258,1586]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FF78F9F3FE27F9EC" box="[164,302,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Diagnostics:</emphasis>
This species is distinctive within the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713576C151FF78F915FE69F90E" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[164,352,1667,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sieboldi">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FF78F915FE69F90E" box="[164,352,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Geophis sieboldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group in the following combination of features: (1) usually six supralabials, often five; (2) two supralabials lie posterior to orbit; (3) no anterior temporal or postlabials; (4) last supralabial usually separated from the parietal by a short posterior temporal; (5) usually three jubals posterior to the posterior temporal and last supralabial and the upper jubal in contact with the parietal; (6) dorsal scales in 15–15–15 rows; (7) caudal scales weakly keeled to smooth; (8) first tooth at tip of maxilla or preceded by a short toothless area; posterior half of maxilla depressed, curving ventrad posteriorly; (9) ventrals 139–143.7–
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FC61FAF3FB00FAED" box="[957,1033,1381,1403]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7845999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="in" value="149.0">149 in</quantity>
males (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FBB1FAF3FB88FAEC" box="[1133,1153,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">N</emphasis>
= 15), 141–144.8–
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FA89FAF2FAA8FAED" box="[1365,1441,1380,1403]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="in" value="150.0">150 in</quantity>
females (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FC76FA12FCB7FA0F" box="[938,958,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">N</emphasis>
= 14); subcaudals 37–43.1–
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FAD6FA15FA47FA0F" box="[1290,1358,1411,1433]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
males (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FC9EFA34FC5FFA21" box="[834,854,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">N</emphasis>
= 13), 36–39.3–
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FBC8FA34FB5EFA2E" box="[1044,1111,1442,1464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="in" value="43.0">43 in</quantity>
females (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FB04FA34FBE5FA21" box="[1240,1260,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">N</emphasis>
= 12); ventrals plus subcaudals 178–184.4–191 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FB69FA57FBC0FA40" box="[1205,1225,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">N</emphasis>
= 12); (10) dorsum and upper surface of tail uniform black; no light head band in juveniles; venter banded or variegated; subcaudals mostly to entirely black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37765793576C152FCE6F9F3FA84FC4F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD236F23576C152FCE6F9F3FFEDFE46" blockId="29.[826,1442,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="30.[144,759,198,1077]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03576C151FCE6F9F3FCA2F9EC" box="[826,939,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="590">Variation:</emphasis>
Twelve additional specimens,
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3576C151FAFAF9F2FAA8F9EC" box="[1318,1441,1636,1658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3576C151FCB1F915FB19F90F" box="[877,1040,1667,1689]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="female">seven females</specimenCount>
, referable to this species bring the total to 29 known examples,
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3576C151FB5EF937FBEEF921" box="[1154,1255,1697,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3576C151FAFCF937FA97F921" box="[1312,1438,1697,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
. The largest male is
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FBC1F956FB70F943" box="[1053,1145,1728,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.79" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="379.0">379 mm</quantity>
in standard length, has a slightly incomplete tail but measures
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FB35F949FA4CF962" box="[1257,1349,1759,1780]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.17" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="417.0">417 mm</quantity>
overall; the largest male with a complete tail is
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FAF8F96BFA76F884" box="[1316,1407,1789,1810]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="311.0">311 mm</quantity>
in standard length with a tail length of
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FB3FF88DFA38F8A7" box="[1251,1329,1819,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
(17.1% of total length); total length
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FBBEF8ACFBC8F8C6" box="[1122,1217,1850,1872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="375.0">375 mm</quantity>
. The largest female is
<quantity id="4C959B173576C151FC89F8CFFCB8F8F8" box="[853,945,1881,1902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="29" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="377.0">377 mm</quantity>
in standard length but with an incomplete tail (
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FF1BFF50FE10FF4D" box="[199,281,198,219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 mm</quantity>
). The largest female with a complete tail is
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FF73FF73FE02FF6C" box="[175,267,229,250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="344.0">344 mm</quantity>
in standard length with a tail length of
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FF4CFE95FFD7FE8F" box="[144,222,259,281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 mm</quantity>
(17.7% of total length); total length
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FD48FE95FDFAFE8F" box="[660,755,259,281]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="418.0">418 mm</quantity>
. Relative tail lengths as percentages of total length, including data for
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3575C152FEA1FED6FD22FEC0" box="[381,555,320,342]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
seen by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033575C152FD75FED7FFD0FEE3" author="Downs FL" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref26741" refString="Downs FL. 1967. Intrageneric relationships among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 131: 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1967">Downs (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, are 16.0–16.5–17.0% in juvenile males (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FD76FEF6FDB7FEE3" box="[682,702,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 2), 17.1–19.6–22% in adult males (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDC9FEE8FD20FE05" box="[533,553,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 5), 17.2% in a juvenile female and 16.9–18.1–21.0% in adult females (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FF44FE2DFFA5FE46" box="[152,172,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236F23575C152FF74FE4FFFE1FBA3" blockId="30.[144,759,198,1077]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">
<materialsCitation id="3B053CAF3575C152FF74FE4FFFEDFBA3" collectionCode="LACM, UCR" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" specimenCode="LACM 150741, UCR 3953, LACM 150742" specimenCount="1">
One juvenile female (
<specimenCode id="DBCB9E893575C152FE7EFE4FFD45FE79" box="[418,588,473,495]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" type="Museum">LACM 150741</specimenCode>
) has a moderately elongate posterior temporal and two jubals on the right side of the head. Examination of the maxilla confirms that this specimen is a
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713575C152FDE9FDA3FDB8FDDC" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1954" box="[565,689,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeledoni">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDE9FDA3FDB8FDDC" box="[565,689,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">G. zeledoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One snake (
<specimenCode id="DBCB9E893575C152FF3FFDC2FE55FDFF" box="[227,348,595,617]" collectionCode="UCR" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15736" name="University of California" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" type="Herbarium">UCR 3953</specimenCode>
) has the upper jubal split into two scales on both sides of the head (
<figureCitation id="13562A773575C152FDCEFDE4FD6FFD1E" box="[530,614,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,956,975]" captionTargetBox="[370,1197,200,893]" captionTargetId="figure-351@2.[367,1199,198,897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Lateral head scalation in Geophis: A, pattern typical of G. zeledoni; B, pattern typical of G. brachycephalus complex; C, variant pattern; D, pattern typical of G. hoffmanni. PT, posterior temporal; U, upper postsupralabial; L, lower postsupralabial; PI, postinfralabial; number of supralabials and infralabials indicated by Arabic numerals; number of jubals indicated by Roman numerals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5446147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5446147/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Preoculars 0–0; postoculars 1–1 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FE50FD07FEA9FD30" box="[396,416,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 28), 1–2 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDF4FD07FD35FD30" box="[552,572,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1); the second postocular is apparently split off from supralabial 4. Supralabials 5–5 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FEB1FD59FE88FD72" box="[365,385,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 7), 5–6 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDD9FD59FD10FD72" box="[517,537,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 3), 6–6 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FD41FD59FDB8FD72" box="[669,689,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 19). The five-supralabial condition usually involves the fusion of supralabials 5 and 6; in
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD7B3575C152FD88FC9AFDFEFCB7" box="[596,759,779,801]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBCB9E893575C152FF4AFCBCFE36FCD6" box="[150,319,810,832]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" type="Museum">LACM 150742</specimenCode>
) this state involves fusion of supralabials 2 and 3 on one side; supralabials 3 and 4 usually border the orbit (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FE84FCFEFE65FCEB" box="[344,364,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 21); 2 and 3 border the orbit on one side (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FEDDFC10FE1CFC0D" box="[257,277,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1) and 3 on both sides (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FD95FC10FD54FC0D" box="[585,605,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 7). Infralabials 4–6 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FEC0FC33FE39FC2C" box="[284,304,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1), 5–6 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FE63FC33FEDAFC2C" box="[447,467,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 5), 6–6 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDBDFC33FD7CFC2C" box="[609,629,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 22), 6–7 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FF44FC55FFA5FC4E" box="[152,172,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1); four infralabials are the result of fusion of 4–6 and five through fusion of 5–6; 2–4 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDACFC74FD8DFC61" box="[624,644,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1), 3–3 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FF44FB97FFA5FB80" box="[152,172,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 1), 3–4 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FEEBFB97FE42FB80" box="[311,331,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 3) and 4–4 (
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDD7FB97FD16FB80" box="[523,543,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">N</emphasis>
= 24) contact the genials
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236F23575C152FF4CFBCAFFEEFA9D" blockId="30.[144,759,1116,1291]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FF4CFBCAFE1BFBE7" box="[144,274,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Hemipenes:</emphasis>
Based on a retracted (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033575C152FDF8FBCAFDB0FBE4" author="Downs FL" box="[548,697,1116,1138]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref26741" refString="Downs FL. 1967. Intrageneric relationships among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 131: 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1967">Downs, 1967</bibRefCitation>
) and an everted hemipenis (UCR 3953). Organ slightly bilobed. Pedicel covered with minute spines and bearing 3–4 large spines. Truncus covered with 35–40 medium spines. Capitulum covered with spinulate calyces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236F23575C152FF4CFAA4FA5CFCA9" blockId="30.[144,759,1330,1903]" lastBlockId="30.[806,1421,198,832]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FF4CFAA4FFF2FAD1" box="[144,251,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Remarks:</emphasis>
The reference by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B033575C152FE16FAA4FD62FADE" author="Savage JM" box="[458,619,1330,1352]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" refId="ref27484" refString="Savage JM. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: a herpetofauna between two continents between two seas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
to a striped specimen (UF 10438) of this species from Volcán Irazú in the Cordillera Central of
<collectingCountry id="F37A76623575C152FE35FAF9FD61FA13" box="[489,616,1391,1413]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
is in error. This snake is a representative of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713575C152FDF9FA18FDFFFA35" authorityName=", Dunn" authorityYear="1942" box="[549,758,1422,1443]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephalus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FDF9FA18FDFFFA35" box="[549,758,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">G. brachycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with sloughing skin that does not show keeling on the dorsal scales. The caudal scales are strongly keeled. Examination of the maxilla confirms the re-identification. Among the snakes examined in the course of this study is a single male (USNM 297710) from
<collectingCountry id="F37A76623575C152FF0DF9D0FE3AF9CD" box="[209,307,1606,1627]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Panama</collectingCountry>
: Bocas del Toro-Chiriquí: Cerro Bollo:
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FF4CF9F2FFD4F9EC" box="[144,221,1636,1658]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
E Escopeta Camp. It is a male
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FDABF9F2FDDBF9EF" box="[631,722,1636,1657]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="241.0">241 mm</quantity>
in standard length with a tail length of
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FDB7F914FDB0F90E" box="[619,697,1666,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
(tail length/total length, 20.2%) and 141 ventrals, 43 subcaudals for a total segmental count of 184. It agrees with other members of the group in lower Central America in having 1–1 supraoculars and 0 + 1 temporals. The first tooth on the maxilla is at the tip and the posterior portion of the bone is somewhat flattened and deflected ventrally. Other features are 6–6 supralabials (3 and 4 bordering the orbit), 0–0 preoculars, 1–1 postoculars, a short posterior temporal and 3–3 jubals in contact with the temporal and last supralabial. It is not possible to determine the number and relationship to other scales for the infralabials as this area is damaged and the condition of the snake suggests that it may have died before preservation. There are 15–15–15 dorsal scale rows with weak keels on the last 13% of the rows and on the base of the tail. The upper surfaces are uniform brownish (probably black in life), the venter is white and the subcaudals mostly white with some dark pigment on the anterior lateral margins. Surprisingly, all these features fall within the range of variation for
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D713575C152FCFAFDE4FCEFFD11" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1954" box="[806,998,626,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeledoni">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FCFAFDE4FCEFFD11" box="[806,998,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Geophis zeledoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species that otherwise appears to be endemic to Volcanes Poás and Barva in the Cordillera Central or Volcanica of
<collectingCountry id="F37A76623575C152FB51FD39FA05FD53" box="[1165,1292,687,709]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FAC5FD39FA64FD53" box="[1305,1389,687,709]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="km" value="250.0">250 km</quantity>
to the north-west. Only the collection of additional material from this portion of the Serríana de Tabasará near Cerro Santiago will resolve the status of this specimen and the population that it represents.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236F23575C152FCFAFCF1FA84FC4F" blockId="30.[806,1421,871,985]" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="B919EAE03575C152FCFAFCF1FCB1FCEA" box="[806,952,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Distribution:</emphasis>
Restricted to tropical lower montane wet forest and tropical lower montane rainforest on the slopes of Volcán Barva and Volcán Poás in the Cordillera Central of
<collectingCountry id="F37A76623575C152FC25FC55FB71FC4F" box="[1017,1144,963,985]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4C959B173575C152FB5AFC55FA17FC4E" box="[1158,1310,963,984]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9649999999999999" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="30" pageNumber="591" unit="m" value="1965.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1830.0">1830–2100 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13562A773575C152FAF3FC55FA88FC4F" box="[1327,1409,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="27.[164,243,1403,1422]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-177@27.[387,1219,195,1374]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. Geographical distribution of two species of Geophis in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Symbols may indicate more than one locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5446181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5446181/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="591">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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