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<mods:title id="B87BFB01A4242FDC38DD545A2B24588A">Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99A42327B82B8F133CEA02EEA4A39342">Kim, Il-Hoi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD59F23C7F59155D91EBBEE5539243D8">Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BCCFBF7828D263A7CE94A0B5A5D36237">Boxshall, Geoff A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A3C1D7D5B7D467DE3976AFA308D45BB">Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C487CBEF393A5DFF4DFF63FB06FE74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661677" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194475034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661677" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487CBEF393A5DFF4DFF63FB06FE74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487CBEF393A5DFF4DFF63FB06FE74" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<subSubSection id="C3776556EF393A5DFF4DFF63FD81FF06" box="[136,580,172,199]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFF4DFF63FD81FF06" blockId="104.[136,580,172,199]" box="[136,580,172,199]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<heading id="D09A81B1EF393A5DFF4DFF63FD81FF06" bold="true" box="[136,580,172,199]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFF4DFF63FD81FF06" bold="true" box="[136,580,172,199]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFF1AFF62FD81FF06" authority="Sars G. O., 1921" authorityName="Sars G. O." authorityYear="1921" box="[223,580,172,199]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFF1AFF62FEB5FF06" bold="true" box="[223,368,172,199]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pachypygus</emphasis>
Sars G. O., 1921
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3776556EF393A5DFF4DFF3FFCC0F8C4" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFF4DFF3FFD4BFAAC" blockId="104.[136,778,241,1390]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFF4DFF3FFF3EFECA" bold="true" box="[136,251,241,267]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Female body with large brood pouch, often extending from third pedigerous somite back, incorporating fourth pedigerous somite. Fifth pedigerous somite partly fused to brood pouch but well defined in some species. Freeurosome 5- or 6-segmented in female, 6-segmented in male. Anal somite with processes in some species. Caudal rami curved; armed with 4 claws and 2 setae. Rostrum well-developed. Female antennule 8- or 9-segmented with first and second segments typically broader than distal segments: segmental fusion pattern I-II, III-XI, XII-XIV, XV-XVI, XVII-XX, XXI-XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI-XXVIII; or with additional compound segment XII-XVI in 8-segmented species. Male antennule typically 8-segmented; non-geniculate. Antenna consisting of coxa, basis, and 2-segmented endopod with compound distal segment bearing terminal claw; or with allobasis incorporating first endopodal segment and 1-segmented free endopod; exopod reduced to seta or absent. Mandible with well developed coxal gnathobase and biramous palp armed with 1 seta on basis, 5 setae on exopod, and 4 and 9 or 10 setae on first and secondendopodal segments, respectively. Maxillulewith 9 or 10 setae on arthrite, 1 on coxal endite, 2 on epipodite, and 3 on medial margin of basis; exopod unsegmented with 4 setae distally; endopod 2-segmented, with variable setation. Maxilla indistinctly 5-segmented, syncoxal endite formula 4, 1, 2, 3, or reduced; basis with claw plus 2 setae; 3-segmented endopod with setal formula 1, 1, 3/4. Maxilliped 3-segmented and armedwith 9 setae on first segment, 1 on second and 3 or 4 (rarely 2) on third. Legs 14 biramous and typically with 3-segmented rami (endopods of legs 24 only 2-segmented in one species); first exopodal segments of legs 24 elongate in many species; armatureformula of female typically:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFECFFA56FCC2F9D9" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<table id="F96DC47DEF39C5CAFF4DFA59FCC2F9D9" box="[136,775,1431,1560]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" inLine="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<tr id="355D349FEF39C5CAFF4DFA59FCC2FA73" box="[136,775,1431,1458]" gridrow="0" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFECFFA59FD82FA73" box="[266,583,1431,1458]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">CoxaBasis Exopod</th>
<th id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFD9CFA59FCC2FA73" box="[601,775,1431,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Endopod</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355D349FEF39C5CAFF4DFA74FCC2FA15" box="[136,775,1466,1492]" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<th id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFF4DFA74FF0DFA15" box="[136,200,1466,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Leg 1</th>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFECFFA74FEF5FA15" box="[266,304,1466,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">0-1</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE8DFA74FEA8FA15" box="[328,365,1466,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">1-I</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE4CFA74FD82FA15" box="[393,583,1466,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">I-1; I-1; III, I, 0/4</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFD9CFA74FCC2FA15" box="[601,775,1466,1492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">0-1; 0-1; 1, 2, 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D349FEF39C5CAFF4DFA12FCC2FA37" box="[136,775,1500,1526]" gridrow="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<th id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFF4DFA12FEF5FA37" box="[136,304,1500,1526]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Legs 2 &amp; 30-1</th>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE8DFA12FEA8FA37" box="[328,365,1500,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">1-0</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE4CFA12FD82FA37" box="[393,583,1500,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">I-1; I-1; III, I, 0</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFD9CFA12FCC2FA37" box="[601,775,1500,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D349FEF39C5CAFF4DFA30FCC2F9D9" box="[136,775,1534,1560]" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<th id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFF4DFA30FF0DF9D9" box="[136,200,1534,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Leg 4</th>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFECFFA30FEF5F9D9" box="[266,304,1534,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">0-1</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE8DFA30FEA8F9D9" box="[328,365,1534,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">1-0</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFE4CFA30FD82F9D9" box="[393,583,1534,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">I-0; I-1; II, I,0</td>
<td id="768C5DE3EF39C5CAFD9CFA30FCC2F9D9" box="[601,775,1534,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFF78F98CFCC0F8C4" blockId="104.[136,779,1601,2070]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Inner setae on exopodal segments of legs present or absentaccordingto species, andusuallysexually dimorphic. Basis and first two endopodal segments of leg 1 typically ornamented with scattered sensillae on anterior surface. Leg 5 consisting of large protopod fused to pedigerous somite and free exopodal segment armed with 2 elements.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3776556EF393A5DFF78F8C0FE44F88B" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFF78F8C0FE44F88B" blockId="104.[136,779,1601,2070]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFF78F8C0FE93F8E6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1805,1832]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<typeStatus id="54D6887FEF393A5DFF78F8C0FF3DF8E9" box="[189,248,1806,1832]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFEAFF8C3FCC0F8E9" authority="(Thorell, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[362,773,1805,1832]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibber">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFEAFF8C3FD83F8E6" box="[362,582,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pachypygus gibber</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFD9FF8C3FD38F8E9" author="Thorell, T." box="[602,765,1805,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 84" part="3" refId="ref331272" refString="Thorell, T. (1859) Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 3 (8), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58671" title="Bidrag til Kannedomen om Krustaceer som lefva i arter af Slagtet Ascidia L" type="journal article" year="1859">Thorell, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by original monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3776556EF393A5DFF78F89CFB06FE74" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD236DDEF393A5DFF78F89CFB06FE74" blockId="104.[136,779,1601,2070]" lastBlockId="104.[810,1452,173,437]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFF78F89CFEEFF8AD" bold="true" box="[189,298,1874,1900]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Remarks</emphasis>
. Six nominal species have been described in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFEE4F8BAFE6DF84F" box="[289,424,1908,1934]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFEE4F8BAFE6DF84F" box="[289,424,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pachypygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, of which
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFDEFF8BAFED0F871" authority="Kim &amp; Moon, 2011" authorityName="Kim &amp; Moon" authorityYear="2011" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFDEFF8BAFDFEF84C" box="[554,571,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFD88F8BAFD68F84C" box="[589,685,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFD7DF8BAFED0F871" author="Kim, I. - H. &amp; Moon, S. Y." journalOrPublisher="Ocean Science Journal" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="23 - 46" part="46" refId="ref329375" refString="Kim, I. - H. &amp; Moon, S. Y. (2011) Eight new species of ascidicolous copepods from the eastern coast of Korea (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Ocean Science Journal, 46, 23 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12601 - 011 - 0003 - 1" title="Eight new species of ascidicolous copepods from the eastern coast of Korea (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)" type="journal article" year="2011">Kim &amp; Moon, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described on the basis of a juvenile, possibly of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFED4F876FEB8F813" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[273,381,1976,2002]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibber">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFED4F876FEE7F810" box="[273,290,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFEF1F876FEB8F813" box="[308,381,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">gibber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has a small brood pouch, only 2 setae (not the usual 3) on the first antennular segment, 3 setae (not 4) on the first endopodal segment of the mandible, and 7 setae (not 9) on the first maxillipedal segment.
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFC53FF01FADDFF2B" authority="Gotto, 1975" authorityName="Gotto" authorityYear="1975" box="[918,1304,207,234]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFC53FF01FB4DFF28" box="[918,1160,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pachypygus australis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFB54FF01FADDFF2B" author="Gotto, R. V." box="[1169,1304,207,234]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="165 - 177" part="4" refId="ref328121" refString="Gotto, R. V. (1975) Some new notodelphyid copepods from Australia. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 4 (19), 165 - 177." title="Some new notodelphyid copepods from Australia" type="journal article" year="1975">Gotto, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
known from
<collectingCountry id="F37A764DEF393A5DFCEFFF3FFC54FECA" box="[810,913,241,267]" name="Australia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Australia</collectingCountry>
has no distinguishing features that allow it to be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFBC7FEDAFADDFEEC" authority="Ooishi, 1961" authorityName="Ooishi" authorityYear="1961" box="[1026,1304,275,301]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFBC7FEDAFBD6FEEC" box="[1026,1043,276,301]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFBE5FEDAFB45FEEC" box="[1056,1152,276,301]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">curvatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFB43FEDDFADDFEEC" author="Ooishi, S." box="[1158,1304,275,301]" journalOrPublisher="Report of Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="81 - 92" part="4" refId="ref330212" refString="Ooishi, S. (1961) A notodelphyoid copepod, Pachypygus gibber (Thorell), newly found in Japan. Report of Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, 4, 81 - 92." title="A notodelphyoid copepod, Pachypygus gibber (Thorell), newly found in Japan" type="journal article" year="1961">Ooishi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed below in the remarks of the latter species. Thus, only four species are considered as valid:
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFB53FE96FAC5FEB0" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1174,1280,343,369]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibber">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFB53FE96FB62FEB0" box="[1174,1191,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFB72FE99FAC5FEB0" box="[1207,1280,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">gibber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFACAFE96FCA0FE55" authority="Illg, 1958" authorityName="Illg" authorityYear="1958" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macer">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFACAFE96FAE5FEB0" box="[1295,1312,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFAEAFE96FAB0FEB0" box="[1327,1397,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">macer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFAB8FE99FCA0FE55" author="Illg" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="463 - 649" part="107" refId="ref328917" refString="Illg, P. L. (1958) North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 107 (3390), 463 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3390.463" title="North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae" type="journal article" year="1958">Illg, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFCAAFEB4FC28FE52" authorityName="Ooishi" authorityYear="1961" box="[879,1005,377,403]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Pachypygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFCAAFEB4FC45FE52" box="[879,896,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFC48FEB4FC28FE52" box="[909,1005,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">curvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D5EEF393A5DFBECFEB4FA86FE52" authority="Ooishi, 1963" authorityName="Ooishi" authorityYear="1963" box="[1065,1347,377,403]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Notodelphyidae" genus="Doropygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFBECFEB4FBFFFE52" box="[1065,1082,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EACFEF393A5DFB82FEB7FB6EFE52" box="[1095,1195,377,403]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">globosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B2CEF393A5DFB75FEB7FA86FE52" author="Ooishi, S." box="[1200,1347,377,403]" journalOrPublisher="Report of Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="419 - 428" part="4" refId="ref330285" refString="Ooishi, S. (1963) On two new notodelphyoid copepods from the Bay of Matoya. Report of Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, 4, 419 - 428." title="On two new notodelphyoid copepods from the Bay of Matoya" type="journal article" year="1963">Ooishi, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The first three of these are redescribed below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>