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<document id="E70C816D02101BC32B68DA01CD78E23C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27032" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2646145" ID-GBIF-Dataset="041d75f1-4053-4528-9d19-9efee178c59b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2646145" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555587853302" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M. &amp; Devries, Philip J." docDate="2006" docId="03C487A2FFA8FFD2FEFEF971DB2A505F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01190p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1190" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Adelotypa" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFFDFFDAFFA0FFDCFFF6FFF3DF7C5361" masterDocTitle="Systematic position of Apodemia paucipuncta (Riodinidae), and a critical evaluation of the nymphidiine transtilla" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698722906833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9D813705C22EDE1AD998758B6FC3ED15">Systematic position of Apodemia paucipuncta (Riodinidae), and a critical evaluation of the nymphidiine transtilla</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9209290C39837EF03800F494C735F09A">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60424D282B7357131ED9F4F79A2B6AE8">Devries, Philip J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C9EB2E2812804ED59ED38C5AE68DB6AF">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB8CB8F395FC15D681BF07D08487F197">2006-05-01</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C487A2FFA8FFD2FEFEF971DB2A505F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156789475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487A2FFA8FFD2FEFEF971DB2A505F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487A2FFA8FFD2FEFEF971DB2A505F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFA8FFD4FEFEF971DE8955FD" box="[264,501,1666,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFA8FFD4FEFEF971DE8955FD" blockId="8.[264,501,1666,1692]" box="[264,501,1666,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D09A81D8FFA8FFD4FEFEF971DE8955FD" bold="true" box="[264,501,1666,1692]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FEFEF971DE8955FD" bold="true" box="[264,501,1666,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Status of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FE8AF971DE8955FD" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[380,501,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FE8AF971DE8955FD" bold="true" box="[380,501,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFA8FFD0FEFEF93EDD225797" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFA8FFD4FEFEF93EDBCB543E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1741,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The 14 representative species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FD57F93EDC645587" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[673,792,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FD57F93EDC645587" box="[673,792,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sorted into four separate lineages (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFA8FFD4FB39F93EDA675586" box="[1231,1307,1741,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FEFEF906DE9A546F" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[264,486,1781,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FEFEF906DE9A546F" box="[264,486,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adelotypa eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paired with
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FD74F906DCE8546F" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" box="[642,916,1781,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FD74F906DCE8546F" box="[642,916,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Apodemia paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above),
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FBCEF906DA57546E" authority="(Hewitson)" authorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[1080,1323,1781,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FBCEF906DBE1546F" box="[1080,1181,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. zerna</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
and relatives constituted the sister group of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FCEFF8EEDCD75457" authorityName="Stichel. An" authorityYear="1911" box="[793,939,1821,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FCEFF8EEDCD75457" box="[793,939,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Catocyclotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and two other groups emerged within
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA8FFD4FEACF8B6DEB0543F" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[346,460,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA8FFD4FEACF8B6DEB0543F" box="[346,460,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Calospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Characters supporting these relationships are found in
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFA8FFD4FBACF8B6DBC8543E" box="[1114,1204,1861,1887]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" ID-Table-UUID="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[264,1323,477,1832]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" blockId="9.[264,1323,283,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DE055252" bold="true" box="[264,377,283,307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA9FFD5FC2AFE77DB1152FA" authorityName="Penz &amp; Devries" authorityYear="2006" box="[988,1133,388,411]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FC2AFE77DB1152FA" box="[988,1133,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hallonympha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFA9FFD5FB59FE77DA5852FA" authorityName="Penz &amp; Devries" authorityYear="2006" box="[1199,1316,388,411]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Harveyope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FB59FE77DA5852FA" box="[1199,1316,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Harveyope</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFA9FFD5FEFEFE2EDB5A5449" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F96DC414FFA90023FEFEFE2EDA575449" box="[264,1323,477,1832]" gridcols="2" gridrows="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFE2EDA575295" box="[264,1323,477,500]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFE2EDE3A5295" box="[264,326,477,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">group</th>
<th id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FE2EDA575295" box="[355,1323,477,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">character</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFDF8DA575142" box="[264,1323,523,547]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFDF8DE3A5142" box="[264,326,523,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FDF8DA575142" box="[355,1323,523,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FE9EFDF8DEE65142" bold="true" box="[360,410,523,547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10:1</emphasis>
(uu): In lateral view, uncus arched upward
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFDDDDA575124" box="[264,1323,558,581]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FDDDDA575124" box="[355,1323,558,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29:6 (ho) Cornuti: multiple spines, short, thick, heavily sclerotized</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFDA2DA575109" box="[264,1323,593,616]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFDA2DA575109" box="[264,1323,593,616]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">70:1 (ho) Second segment of labial palpus, long, erect hair­like scales projecting ventrally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFD87DA5751EA" box="[264,1323,628,651]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FD87DA5751EA" box="[355,1323,628,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">beyond the flattened scales present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFD65DA5751CC" box="[264,1323,662,685]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFD65DE3A51CC" box="[264,326,662,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FD65DA5751CC" box="[355,1323,662,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">27:1 (hao) Sculpturing of the vesica present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFD4ADA5751B1" box="[264,1323,697,720]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFD4ADA5751B1" box="[264,1323,697,720]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">42:1 (ha) Dorsal processes of valva, when separated, not extended to form a sclerotized</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFD2FDA575192" box="[264,1323,732,755]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FD2FDA575192" box="[355,1323,732,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFD0DDA575077" box="[264,1323,766,790]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FD0DDA575077" box="[355,1323,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FE9EFD0DDEE55077" bold="true" box="[360,409,766,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">48:0</emphasis>
(uu) When dorsal process separated, ventral process of valva extended at base to
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFCD2DA575059" box="[264,1323,801,824]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FCD2DA575059" box="[355,1323,801,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">form a sclerotized bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFCB7DA57503A" box="[264,1323,836,859]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FCB7DA57503A" box="[355,1323,836,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">59:1 (ho) Ventral bracing of valvae forming a bridge between the valvae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFC95DA5750E1" box="[264,1323,870,896]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFC95DE3A50E1" box="[264,326,870,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FC95DA5750E1" box="[355,1323,870,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1:1 (ha) Location of 3rd abdominal spiracle: at midline</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFC7FDA5750C2" box="[264,1323,908,931]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FC7FDA5750C2" box="[355,1323,908,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3:0 (ho) Stn8 with terminal projection extending beyond edge of pleural membrane</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFC5DDA5750A7" box="[264,1323,942,966]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FC5DDA5750A7" box="[355,1323,942,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FE9EFC5DDEE650A7" bold="true" box="[360,410,942,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13:0</emphasis>
(uu) Lateral margins of tegumen thickened at edges of lateral fenestra to form ribs
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFC22DA575089" box="[264,1323,977,1000]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FC22DA575089" box="[355,1323,977,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">64:1 (hao) Number of spots in ventral hindwing cell cell Rs: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFC07DA57576A" box="[264,1323,1012,1035]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FC07DA57576A" box="[355,1323,1012,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">66:1 (hao) Dorsal forewing, two marginal lines present (continuous or broken)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFBE5DA57574C" box="[264,1323,1046,1069]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFBE5DE3A574C" box="[264,326,1046,1069]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FBE5DA57574C" box="[355,1323,1046,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11:1 (ho) In lateral view, dorsal outline of tegumen completely straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFBCADA575731" box="[264,1323,1081,1104]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFBCADA575731" box="[264,1323,1081,1104]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20:0 (hao) Cuticular sculpturing prominent around subscaphium</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFBAFDA575712" box="[264,1323,1116,1139]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FBAFDA575712" box="[355,1323,1116,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">43:1 (hao) Dorsal process of valva more sclerotized distally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFB8DDA5757F4" box="[264,1323,1150,1173]" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FB8DDA5757F4" box="[355,1323,1150,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">60:1 (ho) In ventral view, anterior edge of valva projected</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFB52DA5757D9" box="[264,1323,1185,1208]" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFB52DA5757D9" box="[264,1323,1185,1208]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">69:1 (hao) Ventral hindwing of much lighter color than ventral forewing</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFB37DA5757BA" box="[264,1323,1220,1243]" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFB37DE3A57BA" box="[264,326,1220,1243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FB37DA5757BA" box="[355,1323,1220,1243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18:1 (ha) Sclerotized plate of the subscaphium uniformly broad</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFB15DA57579C" box="[264,1323,1254,1277]" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FB15DA57579C" box="[355,1323,1254,1277]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19:1 (ho) Sclerotized plate of the subscaphium extends to the end of subscaphium lobe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFAFADA575641" box="[264,1323,1289,1312]" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFAFADA575641" box="[264,1323,1289,1312]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">26:2 (ho) In ventrolateral view, vinculum laterally widened below tegumen to form a blade</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFADFDA575622" box="[264,1323,1324,1347]" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FADFDA575622" box="[355,1323,1324,1347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">that maintains its width towards saccus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFABDDA575607" box="[264,1323,1358,1382]" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FABDDA575607" box="[355,1323,1358,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FE9EFABDDEE55607" bold="true" box="[360,409,1358,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28:2</emphasis>
(u) Sculpturing of the vesica: enlarged spines
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFA82DA5756E9" box="[264,1323,1393,1416]" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FA82DA5756E9" box="[355,1323,1393,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29:1 (hao) Cornuti: a simple plate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFA67DA5756CA" box="[264,1323,1428,1451]" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FA67DA5756CA" box="[355,1323,1428,1451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">54:1 (hao) In ventrolateral view, proximal region of ventral process slightly raised,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFA45DA5756AC" box="[264,1323,1462,1485]" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FA45DA5756AC" box="[355,1323,1462,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">rounded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFA2ADA575691" box="[264,1323,1497,1520]" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEFA2ADA575691" box="[264,1323,1497,1520]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">70:1 (ho) Second segment of labial palpus, long, erect hair­like scales projecting ventrally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEFA0FDA575572" box="[264,1323,1532,1555]" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95FA0FDA575572" box="[355,1323,1532,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">beyond the flattened scales present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF9EDDA575554" box="[264,1323,1566,1589]" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEF9EDDE3A5554" box="[264,326,1566,1589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F9EDDA575554" box="[355,1323,1566,1589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29:5 (ha) Cornuti: two spines</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF9B2DA575538" box="[264,1323,1601,1625]" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F9B2DA575538" box="[355,1323,1601,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFA9FFD5FE9EF9B2DEE55538" bold="true" box="[360,409,1601,1625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40:1</emphasis>
(u) Ventral process of valva extends posteriorly beyond dorsal process
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF997DA57551A" box="[264,1323,1636,1659]" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F997DA57551A" box="[355,1323,1636,1659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">62:0 (hao) In rear view, shape of the outline of the genitalic capsule (as formed by the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF975DA5755FC" box="[264,1323,1670,1693]" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F975DA5755FC" box="[355,1323,1670,1693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tegumen + vinculum + saccus): []</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF95ADA5755A1" box="[264,1323,1705,1728]" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEF95ADA5755A1" box="[264,1323,1705,1728]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">64:3 (ha) Number of spots in ventral hindwing cell cell Rs: 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF93FDA575582" box="[264,1323,1740,1763]" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEF93FDE3A5582" box="[264,326,1740,1763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F93FDA575582" box="[355,1323,1740,1763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14:1 (ho) Notch in the anterior margin of tegumen present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF91DDA575464" box="[264,1323,1774,1797]" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FE95F91DDA575464" box="[355,1323,1774,1797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">15:0 (ho) Posterior end of subscaphium: one narrow lobe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFA90023FEFEF8E2DA575449" box="[264,1323,1809,1832]" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td id="768C5D8AFFA90023FEFEF8E2DA575449" box="[264,1323,1809,1832]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29:3 (ho) Cornuti: a plate with two terminal spines of uneven size</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12663CFFAAFFD6FEFEFEE8DE8A5252" ID-Table-UUID="DF12663CFFAAFFD6FEFEFEE8DE8A5252" box="[264,502,283,307]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFAAFFD6FEFEFEE8DE8A5252" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[264,1323,339,1077]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAAFFD6FEFEFEE8DE8A5252" blockId="10.[264,502,283,307]" box="[264,502,283,307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FEFEFEE8DE085252" bold="true" box="[264,372,283,307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 2</emphasis>
(continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAAFFD6FEFEFEA0DB145754" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<table id="F96DC414FFAA0023FEFEFEA0DA575754" box="[264,1323,339,1077]" gridcols="2" gridrows="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFEA0DA57520B" box="[264,1323,339,362]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFEA0DE30520B" box="[264,332,339,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Group</th>
<th id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FE91FEA0DA57520B" box="[359,1323,339,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Character</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFE7ADA5752C0" box="[264,1323,393,417]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFE7ADA5752C0" box="[264,1323,393,417]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE9EFE7ADEE552C0" bold="true" box="[360,409,393,417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">31:0</emphasis>
(uu) When acutely pointed, aedeagus tip short
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFE5FDA5752A2" box="[264,1323,428,451]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFE5FDA5752A2" box="[264,1323,428,451]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">38:0 (ho) In lateral view, juxta arch extending beyond edge of valvae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFE3DDA575284" box="[264,1323,462,485]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFE3DDA575284" box="[264,1323,462,485]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">46:1 (ho) Ridge of dorsal process at an angle with axis of valva</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFE02DA575169" box="[264,1323,497,520]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFE02DA575169" box="[264,1323,497,520]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">50:0 (ho) Ventral process of valva uniformly sclerotized</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFDE7DA57514A" box="[264,1323,532,555]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFDE7DA57514A" box="[264,1323,532,555]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">51:1 (ho) Distal portion of ventral process of valva not forming a point</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFDC5DA57512C" box="[264,1323,566,589]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFDC5DA57512C" box="[264,1323,566,589]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">57:0 (ho) In ventrolateral view, lateral fissure transverse to long axis of valva</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFDAADA575111" box="[264,1323,601,624]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFDAADA575111" box="[264,1323,601,624]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">62:3 (ha) In rear view, shape of the outline of the genitalic capsule (as formed by the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFD8FDA5751F2" box="[264,1323,636,659]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFD8FDA5751F2" box="[264,1323,636,659]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tegumen + vinculum + saccus): \_/</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFD6DDA5751D4" box="[264,1323,670,693]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFD6DDE3051D4" box="[264,332,670,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FE91FD6DDA5751D4" box="[359,1323,670,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4:0 (ho) Stn8 simple, not divided</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFD32DA5751BA" box="[264,1323,705,731]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFD32DE3051BA" box="[264,332,705,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I</td>
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FE91FD32DA5751BA" box="[359,1323,705,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<date id="FFD31074FFAAFFD6FE9EFD37DE0851BA" box="[360,372,708,731]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</date>
:2 (hao) Location of 3
<superScript id="7C189BFCFFAAFFD6FD96FD32DD1051AF" attach="left" box="[608,620,705,718]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rd</superScript>
abdominal spiracle: below midline
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFD15DA57519F" box="[264,1323,742,766]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFD15DA57519F" box="[264,1323,742,766]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE9EFD15DEE5519F" bold="true" box="[360,409,742,766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">25:1</emphasis>
(u) Vinculum: distal edges fused to anterior edge of tegumen, remainder of vinculum
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFCFADA575041" box="[264,1323,777,800]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFCFADA575041" box="[264,1323,777,800]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">connected to tegumen by weakly sclerotized tissue</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFCDFDA575022" box="[264,1323,812,835]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFCDFDA575022" box="[264,1323,812,835]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">26:0 (hao) In ventrolateral view, vinculum relatively narrow throughout its entire length,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFCBDDA575004" box="[264,1323,846,869]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFCBDDA575004" box="[264,1323,846,869]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">only mildly varying in width</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFC82DA5750E9" box="[264,1323,881,904]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFC82DA5750E9" box="[264,1323,881,904]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">29:7 (ha) Cornuti: multiple spines, long, thin, lightly sclerotized</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFC60DA5750CA" box="[264,1323,915,939]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFC60DA5750CA" box="[264,1323,915,939]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE9EFC60DEE550CA" bold="true" box="[360,409,915,939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">52:3</emphasis>
(u) Distal portion of ventral process of valva bent upward
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFC45DA5750AC" box="[264,1323,950,973]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFC45DA5750AC" box="[264,1323,950,973]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">62:2 (hao) In rear view, shape of the outline of the genitalic capsule (as formed by the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFC2ADA575091" box="[264,1323,985,1008]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFC2ADA575091" box="[264,1323,985,1008]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tegumen + vinculum + saccus): ()</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFC0FDA575772" box="[264,1323,1020,1043]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFC0FDA575772" box="[264,1323,1020,1043]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">71:0 (hao) Frons scales: mixed broad and thin, converging from sides to midline</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355D34F6FFAA0023FEFEFBEDDA575754" box="[264,1323,1054,1077]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<td id="768C5D8AFFAA0023FEFEFBEDDA575754" box="[264,1323,1054,1077]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">72:1 (hao) Color of the cuticle of the ventral mesothorax: orange­brown</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAAFFD6FECEFB8EDD8B56E6" blockId="10.[264,1324,1149,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FE1EFB8DDD5557F6" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[488,553,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE1EFB8DDD5557F6" box="[488,553,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group constitute the sister lineage to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FC18FB8DDBFD57F6" authorityName="Stichel. An" authorityYear="1911" box="[1006,1153,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FC18FB8DDBFD57F6" box="[1006,1153,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Catocyclotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on five character state changes (
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFAAFFD6FDDCFB56DDD957DE" box="[554,677,1189,1215]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2 D</tableCitation>
), but seven changes set them apart from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FB67FB55DA5857DE" authorityName="Stichel. An" authorityYear="1911" box="[1169,1316,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FB67FB55DA5857DE" box="[1169,1316,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Catocyclotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one of which is unique (sculpturing of the vesica: enlarged spines, 28:2;
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFAAFFD6FB68FB3EDA615786" box="[1182,1309,1229,1255]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2 E</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FEFEFB05DEB7566E" box="[264,459,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FEFEFB05DEB7566E" box="[264,459,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelotypa zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and close relatives can therefore be considered a well­defined species group within a larger assemblage including two other
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FC8AFAEEDB6E5656" baseAuthorityName="DeVries et al." baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[892,1042,1309,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nymphidiini">Nymphidiini</taxonomicName>
genera. Bremer support for this group is moderate (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFAAFFD6FDB1FAB6DDF3563E" box="[583,655,1349,1375]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). These results demonstrate the monophyly of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FB16FAB5DA5D563E" box="[1248,1313,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FB16FAB5DA5D563E" box="[1248,1313,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group outside of the remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FD8FFA9DDD9356E6" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[633,751,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FD8FFA9DDD9356E6" box="[633,751,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAAFFD6FECEFA65DE545516" blockId="10.[264,1324,1149,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FECEFA65DD0556CE" authority="(Butler)" authorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityName="Butler" box="[312,633,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolena">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FECEFA65DD7156CE" box="[312,525,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelotypa bolena</emphasis>
(Butler)
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54D68816FFAAFFD6FD66FA66DDB856CE" box="[656,708,1429,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FCA9FA65DCAA56CE" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[863,982,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FCA9FA65DCAA56CE" box="[863,982,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FC00FA65DB8D56CE" authority="(Hewitson)" authorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[1014,1265,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borsippa">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FC00FA65DB2256CE" box="[1014,1118,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">borsippa</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FEFEFA4DDEA056B6" authority="(Cramer)" authorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" box="[264,476,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthea">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FEFEFA4DDE1956B6" box="[264,357,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">penthea</emphasis>
(Cramer)
</taxonomicName>
grouped with six species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FCB2FA4DDCCA56B6" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[836,950,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FCB2FA4DDCCA56B6" box="[836,950,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FBB5FA4DDA5656B6" authority="(Dalman)" authorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1091,1322,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthaon">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FBB5FA4DDBD256B6" box="[1091,1198,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">parthaon</emphasis>
(Dalman)
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54D68816FFAAFFD6FEE6FA16DE38569E" box="[272,324,1509,1535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FE26FA15DD3E569E" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[464,578,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE26FA15DD3E569E" box="[464,578,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This grouping is supported by four character state changes, one of which is unique (ventral process of valva extends posteriorly beyond dorsal process, 40:1;
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFAAFFD6FE47F9C6DD5E552E" box="[433,546,1589,1615]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2 F</tableCitation>
). Bootstrap and Bremer support values for this group are low (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFAAFFD6FB0DF9C6DE645516" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAAFFD6FECEF976DA735406" blockId="10.[264,1324,1149,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FE9AF975DEC155FE" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[364,445,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amasis">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE9AF975DEC155FE" box="[364,445,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">amasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group is strongly supported by ten character state changes, one unique and universal (tip of aedeagus acutely pointed and short, 31:0;
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFAAFFD6FC30F95EDB4355A6" box="[966,1087,1709,1735]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2 G</tableCitation>
), and bootstrap and Bremer support values for this group are high (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFAAFFD6FCA6F926DCE7558E" box="[848,923,1749,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The association of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FB39F925DA5C558E" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1231,1312,1750,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amasis">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FB39F925DA5C558E" box="[1231,1312,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">amasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group with
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FE6DF90DDD905476" authority="(Cramer)" authorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[411,748,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emylius">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FE6DF90DDD0E5476" box="[411,626,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calospila emylius</emphasis>
(Cramer)
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAAFFD6FCE0F90DDC8E5476" authority="(Hewitson)" authorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[790,1010,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cilissa">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAAFFD6FCE0F90DDC1D5476" box="[790,865,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">cilissa</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
is supported by a single character state change (
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFAAFFD6FDEFF8D6DDEC545E" box="[537,656,1829,1855]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">Table 2 H</tableCitation>
), and bootstrap and Bremer support values for this group are low (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFAAFFD6FE99F8BEDECA5406" box="[367,438,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), underscoring the need for a phylogenetic reassessment of these groups.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEFEE8DE925257" blockId="11.[264,1323,283,830]" box="[264,494,283,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFEE8DE925257" bold="true" box="[264,494,283,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Status of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE8AFEEFDE925257" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[380,494,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE8AFEEFDE925257" bold="true" box="[380,494,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEFE9FDB91505F" blockId="11.[264,1323,283,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The nine species representing
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD8BFE9FDD9352E4" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[637,751,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD8BFE9FDD9352E4" box="[637,751,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be paraphyletic with respect to two lineages of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE64FE67DD7552CC" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[402,521,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE64FE67DD7552CC" box="[402,521,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These relationships are strongly supported by eight character state changes, including two that are unique (distal edges of vinculum fused to anterior edge of tegumen, remainder of vinculum connected to tegumen by weakly sclerotized tissue, 25:1; distal portion of ventral process of valva bent upward, 52:3;
<tableCitation id="C6EF030FFFABFFD7FC00FDFFDB155147" box="[1014,1129,524,550]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Character state changes assigned to groups A–I in Figure 3. Abbreviations follow terminology in MacClade (Maddison &amp; Maddison 2000): ho, homoplasious outside; hao, homoplasious above and outside; u, unique, changing above; uu, unique, unchanged above. Unique character state changes are in bold. Groups A and E refer to Hallonympha and Harveyope, respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF12663CFFA9FFD5FEFEFEE8DEF352DC">
Table
<date id="FFD31074FFABFFD7FBB4FDFFDB155147" box="[1090,1129,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2 I</date>
</tableCitation>
). Bootstrap and Bremer support values are moderately high (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FCE5FDC7DC26512F" box="[787,858,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This group is not fully resolved in the strict consensus tree because of the uncertain position of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC5AFDAFDB965117" authority="(Bates)" authorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityName="Bates" box="[940,1258,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apotheta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC5AFDAFDBF25114" box="[940,1166,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calospila apotheta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FB0DFDAFDE6B51FF" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[343,1229,614,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[338,1245,592,1718]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Strict consensus of six equally parsimonious trees from the analysis of 72 male characters (tree length=295, CI=0.3716, RI=0.7207, RC=0.2678, times hit=260 of 300). Generic classification prior to our analysis is indicated on the right. The position of A. cythera close to A. palmerii is of tangential interest inasmuch as this taxon is considered a subspecies of A. mormo (Callaghan &amp; Lamas 2004)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646149/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In five of six equally parsimonious trees
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FCEDFD77DCDA51FC" baseAuthorityName="Bates" box="[795,934,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apotheta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FCEDFD77DC5251FC" box="[795,814,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FCC9FD77DCDA51FC" box="[831,934,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">apotheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared as sister species to the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEFD5FDE2551A4" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[264,345,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amasis">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFD5FDE2551A4" box="[264,345,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">amasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group, but in one tree it was basal to the group including
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FBE7FD5FDB8451A4" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1041,1272,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parthaon">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FBE7FD5FDB8451A4" box="[1041,1272,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calospila parthaon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEFD27DEA4518C" baseAuthorityName="Butler" box="[264,472,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolena">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFD27DEA4518C" box="[264,472,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adelotypa bolena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(trees not illustrated). Successive approximation weighting favored the latter topology (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FE39FD0FDD675077" box="[463,539,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), but instability in tree topology points to the need for further examination of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE36FCD7DD35505C" baseAuthorityName="Bates" box="[448,585,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apotheta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE36FCD7DD35505C" box="[448,585,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. apotheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the context of increased taxon and character sampling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEFC7FDD2650C7" blockId="11.[264,602,908,934]" box="[264,602,908,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFC7FDD2650C7" bold="true" box="[264,602,908,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Descriptions of new genera</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEFC2FDC42566F" blockId="11.[264,1325,988,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Our analysis demonstrated that
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD4BFC2FDC325094" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" box="[701,846,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD4BFC2FDC325094" box="[701,846,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC51FC2FDB785094" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[935,1028,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC51FC2FDB785094" box="[935,1028,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together constitute a monophyletic group well separated from the remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FBF5FBF7DB06577C" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1027,1146,1028,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FBF5FBF7DB06577C" box="[1027,1146,1028,1053]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Placing the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEFBDFDEE55724" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" box="[264,409,1068,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFBDFDEE55724" box="[264,409,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group as a sister clade to any of the three
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC7FFBDFDB7C5724" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[905,1024,1068,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC7FFBDFDB7C5724" box="[905,1024,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clades in
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FB83FBDFDBC65727" box="[1141,1210,1068,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
produces a considerable increase in tree length (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD15FBA7DC4F570C" baseAuthorityName="Butler" box="[739,819,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolena">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD15FBA7DC4F570C" box="[739,819,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bolena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FCAFFBA7DCBD570C" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[857,961,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borsippa">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FCAFFBA7DCBD570C" box="[857,961,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">borsippa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC1FFBA7DB3A570C" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" box="[1001,1094,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthea">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC1FFBA7DB3A570C" box="[1001,1094,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">penthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 21 steps:
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FB39FBA7DA5C570C" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1231,1312,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amasis">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FB39FBA7DA5C570C" box="[1231,1312,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">amasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ group: 16 steps;
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE3DFB8FDD7057F4" box="[459,524,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE3DFB8FDD7057F4" box="[459,524,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group: seven steps). Based on the shortest, most parsimonious tree, we describe a new genus for
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD71FB57DD9857DC" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[647,740,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD71FB57DD9857DC" box="[647,740,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FCDDFB57DCC057DC" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" box="[811,956,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FCDDFB57DCC057DC" box="[811,956,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, subsuming the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEFB3FDEE55784" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" box="[264,409,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFB3FDEE55784" box="[264,409,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group into any of the existing genera studied here (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FBCCFB3FDBAC5784" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[1082,1232,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Nymphidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FBCCFB3FDBAC5784" box="[1082,1232,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nymphidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) would require an unwieldy number of generic changes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FECEFAEFDD035517" blockId="11.[264,1325,988,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Our results showed that the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD7AFAEFDDB15654" box="[652,717,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD7AFAEFDDB15654" box="[652,717,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group is monophyletic, and that it does not group with other lineages of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FDECFAB7DDEC563C" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[538,656,1348,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FDECFAB7DDEC563C" box="[538,656,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adelotypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FD52FAB7DD92563F" box="[676,750,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Placing the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC6FFAB7DCA6563C" box="[921,986,1348,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC6FFAB7DCA6563C" box="[921,986,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group as a sister lineage to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEFA9FDE2B56E4" baseAuthorityName="Butler" box="[264,343,1388,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolena">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEFA9FDE2B56E4" box="[264,343,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bolena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE81FA9FDEA356E4" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[375,479,1388,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borsippa">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE81FA9FDEA356E4" box="[375,479,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">borsippa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE08FA9FDD2756E4" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" box="[510,603,1388,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Calospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penthea">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE08FA9FDD2756E4" box="[510,603,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">penthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FD5AFA9FDD8256E4" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[684,766,1388,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amasis">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FD5AFA9FDD8256E4" box="[684,766,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">amasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group increases tree length by 30 and 18 steps, respectively. The
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE2AFA67DD6156CC" box="[476,541,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE2AFA67DD6156CC" box="[476,541,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group differs substantially from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FC5BFA67DB3C56CC" authorityName="Stichel. An" authorityYear="1911" box="[941,1088,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FC5BFA67DB3C56CC" box="[941,1088,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Catocyclotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in color pattern; in the former the forewing and hindwing are similar in dorsal coloration, whereas in the latter they differ (see character
<quantity id="4C959B51FFABFFD7FDB5FA17DDFF569F" box="[579,643,1508,1534]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7271999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="68.0">68 in</quantity>
Appendices 1 and 2, and
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FC3DFA17DB63569F" box="[971,1055,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[274,1317,925,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,921,1681]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sample of studied species: Adelotypa bolena (type species), Adelotypa amasis, Adelotypa sejuncta, Adelotypa eudocia, Adelotypa leucophaea, Adelotypa glauca, Calospila parthaon (type species), Catocyclotis adelina, Apodemia mormo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646147/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFABFFD7FB96FA17DB0D569F" box="[1120,1137,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[369,1493,286,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[346,1254,308,1572]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Harveyope zerna: adult male in dorsal and ventral views; wing scheme showing venation and location of dark (heavy stippling), faint (light stippling) and iridescent markings (open); male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, male sternum 8 (note projections). Harveyope glauca: female genitalia (inset: ventral view of ostium bursa). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646155/files/figure.svg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</figureCitation>
). Based on the shortest, most parsimonious tree and differences in color pattern, we describe a new genus for the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE83F9C7DECA552C" box="[373,438,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerna">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE83F9C7DECA552C" box="[373,438,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">zerna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­group. Differences in wing coloration make the new genus easily recognizable from
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE13F9AFDD045514" authorityName="Stichel. An" authorityYear="1911" box="[485,632,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE13F9AFDD045514" box="[485,632,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Catocyclotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEF93FDC405587" blockId="11.[264,828,1740,1766]" box="[264,828,1740,1766]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEF93FDC405587" bold="true" box="[264,828,1740,1766]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FEFEF93FDD015587" authority="Penz &amp; DeVries" authorityName="Penz &amp; Devries" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,637,1740,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FEFEF93FDED25587" bold="true" box="[264,430,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hallonympha</emphasis>
Penz &amp; DeVries
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A57DDFFABFFD7FD7CF93FDC405587" box="[650,828,1740,1766]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">NEW GENUS</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFABFFD7FEFEF8E5DC6A544C" blockId="11.[264,790,1814,1838]" box="[264,790,1814,1838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="54D68816FFABFFD7FEFEF8E5DE41544C" box="[264,317,1814,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFABFFD7FE69F8E4DC6A544C" authority="Spitz, 1930" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[415,790,1814,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFABFFD7FE69F8E4DDEA544F" box="[415,662,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Apodemia paucipuncta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B45FFABFFD7FD6AF8E5DC6A544C" author="Spitz, R." box="[668,790,1814,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref10914" refString="Spitz, R. (1930) Uber neue brasilianische Insektenformen. Entomologische Rundschau 47, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1930">Spitz, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD0FEFEFEEFDE8F5254" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1270]" box="[264,499,284,309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEFEEFDE8F5254" box="[264,499,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Description (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFACFFD0FE55FEEFDE975254" box="[419,491,284,309]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[398,1197,438,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[378,1214,428,1744]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hallonympha paucipuncta: adult male in dorsal and ventral views; wing scheme showing venation and location of dark (heavy stippling) and white markings (open); male genitalia in lateral and ventral views; male sternum 8 (note extended membranous area with a small, ventrolateral cluster of setae); female genitalia (inset: ventral view of ostium bursa). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646153/files/figure.svg" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD0FECEFEB7DD225797" blockId="12.[264,1324,284,1270]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Character state changes from our analysis are indicated by numbers in parentheses.
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEFE98DE3752E4" bold="true" box="[264,331,363,389]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
: predominantly brown. Frons brown, bordered in white and covered mostly with long hair­like scales projecting anteriorly. Head apex with long scales projecting anteriorly. Second segment of labial palpus laterally white (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC36FE4FDB2C52B4" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[960,1104,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC36FE4FDB2C52B4" box="[960,1104,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to brown + white (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FEE4FE17DE13529C" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[274,367,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEE4FE17DE13529C" box="[274,367,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with long hair­like scales projecting ventrally (character 70:1); first and third segments brown. Antenna brown with white rings, club orange at tip.
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FBBBFDF8DBF25144" bold="true" box="[1101,1166,523,549]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Body</emphasis>
: dorsal body scales brown, ventral body and leg scales silvery beige (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC69FDC7DB4C512C" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[927,1072,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC69FDC7DB4C512C" box="[927,1072,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to brown (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FB4AFDC7DA65512C" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[1212,1305,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FB4AFDC7DA65512C" box="[1212,1305,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEFDA8DE2B5114" bold="true" box="[264,343,603,629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wings</emphasis>
: FW length
<quantity id="4C959B51FFACFFD0FE07FDAFDD0C5117" box="[497,624,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
(n=7). Sexes similar. See
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFACFFD0FC5AFDAFDC8F5117" box="[940,1011,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[398,1197,438,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[378,1214,428,1744]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hallonympha paucipuncta: adult male in dorsal and ventral views; wing scheme showing venation and location of dark (heavy stippling) and white markings (open); male genitalia in lateral and ventral views; male sternum 8 (note extended membranous area with a small, ventrolateral cluster of setae); female genitalia (inset: ventral view of ostium bursa). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646153/files/figure.svg" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
for wing shape, venation, and location of spots.
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FDDDFD77DCF951FF" bold="true" box="[555,901,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dorsal wing color pattern</emphasis>
: brown with darker brown spots contained inside cells, and a band across the distal edge of both FW and HW discal cells. Dark brown spots with neighboring bright white spots (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC48FD27DB33518C" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[958,1103,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC48FD27DB33518C" box="[958,1103,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or lacking such white spots (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FE5FFD0FDD7A5074" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[425,518,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FE5FFD0FDD7A5074" box="[425,518,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). FW and HW similar in color and pattern.
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FBCEFD0FDE19505F" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ventral wing color pattern</emphasis>
: slightly paler than dorsal surface. Brown spots with neighboring bright white spots (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FEAEFCBFDE955004" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[344,489,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEAEFCBFDE955004" box="[344,489,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or bordered dirty white (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FCC7FCBFDCF25004" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[817,910,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FCC7FCBFDCF25004" box="[817,910,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC5FFCBFDB095007" bold="true" box="[937,1141,844,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male terminalia</emphasis>
: Sternite 8 not extended posteriorly beyond the pleural membrane. Genitalic capsule short and compact. Uncus arched dorsally (character 10:1), small central indentation vestigial or absent. Sclerotized plate of subscaphium broad, diamond­shaped. Gnathos sickle­shaped with a blunt tip. Vinculum not continuous through anterior edge of tegumen. Aedeagus (=phallus) with a long, acute tip. Coecum penis small. Cornuti comprising multiple short, thick and heavily sclerotized spines (character 29:6). Valvae clearly divided into two processes; dorsal processes separated laterally, ventral processes forming a bridge above aedeagus. Tip of ventral process reduced and fused to bridge (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC08FB7FDBF357C4" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[1022,1167,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC08FB7FDBF357C4" box="[1022,1167,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or reduced and not visible (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FE17FB47DD4257AC" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[481,574,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FE17FB47DD4257AC" box="[481,574,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Lateral, rounded extension of ventral process protruding outward to form a small flap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFACFFD0FEFEFADFDEC755B4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD0FEFEFADFDD245624" blockId="12.[264,1323,1324,1670]" box="[264,600,1324,1349]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEFADFDD245624" box="[264,600,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks on female genitalia</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD0FECEFAA7DC7C55E7" blockId="12.[264,1323,1324,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
We observed the following female genitalic characters in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC0AFAA7DBF1560C" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[1020,1165,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC0AFAA7DBF1560C" box="[1020,1165,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFACFFD0FB57FAA7DB90560F" box="[1185,1260,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[398,1197,438,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[378,1214,428,1744]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hallonympha paucipuncta: adult male in dorsal and ventral views; wing scheme showing venation and location of dark (heavy stippling) and white markings (open); male genitalia in lateral and ventral views; male sternum 8 (note extended membranous area with a small, ventrolateral cluster of setae); female genitalia (inset: ventral view of ostium bursa). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646153/files/figure.svg" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FEFEFA8FDE1956F4" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[264,357,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEFA8FDE1956F4" box="[264,357,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) antrum broad and well­sclerotized; (2) ductus bursa with a mildly sclerotized, internally spined enlargement anterior to corpus bursa in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC55FA57DB4856DC" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[931,1076,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC55FA57DB4856DC" box="[931,1076,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ductus bursa simple in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FEC2FA3FDEED5684" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[308,401,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEC2FA3FDEED5684" box="[308,401,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (3) corpus bursa moderately elongated; (4)
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FC0BFA3FDBF25684" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[1021,1166,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FC0BFA3FDBF25684" box="[1021,1166,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with signa symmetrically placed in corpus bursa, asymmetrically positioned in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FBC3FA07DBEE556C" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[1077,1170,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FBC3FA07DBEE556C" box="[1077,1170,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Differences in female genitalic morphology between
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FCDDF9EFDCC05554" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[811,956,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Apodemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FCDDF9EFDCC05554" box="[811,956,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FBF9F9EFDB105554" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[1039,1132,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FBF9F9EFDB105554" box="[1039,1132,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be comparable to those found between
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FD5BF9B7DB44553F" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[685,1080,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemulius">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FD5BF9B7DCCC553C" box="[685,944,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Catocyclotis aemulius</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FB99F9B7DA56553F" authority="(Butler)" authorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1135,1322,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelina">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FB99F9B7DBBB553C" box="[1135,1223,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">adelina</emphasis>
(Butler)
</taxonomicName>
(see illustrations in
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B45FFACFFD0FE18F99FDD8855E7" author="DeVries, P. J. &amp; Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[494,756,1644,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref10221" refString="DeVries, P. J., Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2004) The early stages of Apodemia paucipuncta (Riodinidae): myrmecophily, a new caterpillar ant-organ and consequences for classification. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions to Biology and Geology, 102, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2004">Penz &amp; DeVries 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD0FEFEF94FDEC755B4" blockId="12.[264,1322,1724,1870]" box="[264,443,1724,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FEFEF94FDEC755B4" box="[264,443,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Natural history</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFACFFD1FECEF917DC4052E7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFACFFD1FECEF917DC4052E7" blockId="12.[264,1322,1724,1870]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD0FECEF917DD0F559C" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[312,627,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFACFFD0FECEF917DD0F559C" box="[312,627,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hallonympha paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an ant­associated, polyphagous species endemic to the Brazilian cerrado (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B45FFACFFD0FE1EF8FFDDAA5447" author="DeVries, P. J. &amp; Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[488,726,1804,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref10221" refString="DeVries, P. J., Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2004) The early stages of Apodemia paucipuncta (Riodinidae): myrmecophily, a new caterpillar ant-organ and consequences for classification. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions to Biology and Geology, 102, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2004">DeVries et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
and references therein). The larvae have balloon setae, vibratory papillae, and tentacle nectary organs similar to other
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFACFFD1FB64F8C7DD705257" ID-CoL="93N4V" authority="(DeVries et al. 2004)" authorityName="DeVries" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="DeVries et al." baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nymphidiini">
Nymphidiini (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B45FFADFFD1FEE6FEEFDD785257" author="DeVries, P. J. &amp; Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[272,516,284,310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref10221" refString="DeVries, P. J., Cabral, B. C. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2004) The early stages of Apodemia paucipuncta (Riodinidae): myrmecophily, a new caterpillar ant-organ and consequences for classification. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions to Biology and Geology, 102, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2004">DeVries et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but are unique within
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFADFFD1FCDBFEEFDCD25257" ID-CoL="FSJ" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[813,942,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
by possessing a cervical gland used in myrmecophily. The A3–7 spiracles of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFADFFD1FCD5FEB7DCC8523C" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[803,948,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFADFFD1FCD5FEB7DCC8523C" box="[803,948,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are located dorsally, a character state that is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFADFFD1FDB2FE9FDC4A52E4" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[580,822,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Catocyclotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelina">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFADFFD1FDB2FE9FDC4A52E4" box="[580,822,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Catocyclotis adelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF12663CFFADFFD1FEFEF925DE45540C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646153/files/figure.svg" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[264,368,1750,1774]" targetBox="[398,1197,438,1739]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFADFFD1FEFEF925DE45540C" blockId="13.[264,1322,1750,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFADFFD1FEFEF925DEF3558F" bold="true" box="[264,399,1750,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFADFFD1FE6AF924DDC1558F" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[412,701,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFADFFD1FE6AF924DDC1558F" box="[412,701,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hallonympha paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult male in dorsal and ventral views; wing scheme showing venation and location of dark (heavy stippling) and white markings (open); male genitalia in lateral and ventral views; male sternum 8 (note extended membranous area with a small, ventrolateral cluster of setae); female genitalia (inset: ventral view of ostium bursa). Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FECEFEEFDB4A52CF" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,430]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The relationships between
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FD80FEEFDDAF5254" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[630,723,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FD80FEEFDDAF5254" box="[630,723,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FCF9FEEFDCDC5254" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[783,928,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FCF9FEEFDCDC5254" box="[783,928,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FB38FEEFDA575254" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[1230,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FB38FEEFDA575254" box="[1230,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFAEFFD2FEFEFEB7DB4A52CF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
(currently unknown) may also possess balloon setae, dorsal spiracles and a cervical gland. In
<collectingCountry id="F37A7624FFAEFFD2FEDBFE9FDEF552E7" box="[301,393,364,390]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FE6CFE9FDE8B52E4" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" box="[410,503,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FE6CFE9FDE8B52E4" box="[410,503,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">eudocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits a habitat similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FC36FE9FDB2D52E4" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[960,1105,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FC36FE9FDB2D52E4" box="[960,1105,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">paucipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Warren pers. com.). Natural history studies of this species will be of much interest.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFAEFFD2FEFEFE17DDB2518F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FEFEFE17DE87512F" blockId="14.[264,1322,484,590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FEFEFE17DEF9529C" box="[264,389,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
We name this new genus after J. P. W. Hall in recognition for his contribution to riodinid systematics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FEFEFD77DE8951FC" blockId="14.[264,1323,644,830]" box="[264,501,644,669]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FEFEFD77DE8951FC" box="[264,501,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Species in the genus</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FECEFD5FDDB2518F" blockId="14.[264,1323,644,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Based on our phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="13562A31FFAEFFD2FD06FD5FDC4B51A7" box="[752,823,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[363,1493,286,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1240,297,1452]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. One of six equally parsimonious trees, selected by successive approximation weighting and used to trace character state changes. Numbers above and below branches correspond to bootstrap and Bremer support values respectively. Letters correspond to groups listed in Table 2 and in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646151/files/figure.svg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and generic definition (above), we place the following species in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FDD1FD27DDBA518C" authorityName="Penz &amp; Devries" authorityYear="2006" box="[551,710,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FDD1FD27DDBA518C" box="[551,710,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hallonympha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377653FFFAEFFD2FECEFD0FDB2A505F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FECEFD0FDBE15077" blockId="14.[264,1323,644,830]" box="[312,1181,764,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FECEFD0FDC735077" authority="(Spitz, 1930)" authorityName="Spitz" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Spitz" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[312,783,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipuncta">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FECEFD0FDD135074" box="[312,623,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hallonympha paucipuncta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B45FFAEFFD2FD89FD0FDC7B5077" author="Spitz, R." box="[639,775,764,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref10914" refString="Spitz, R. (1930) Uber neue brasilianische Insektenformen. Entomologische Rundschau 47, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1930">Spitz, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="54D68816FFAEFFD2FCE8FD0FDC2F5077" box="[798,851,764,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species],
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FC31FD0FDBE15077" bold="true" box="[967,1181,764,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">new combination</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236B4FFAEFFD2FEC2FCD7DB2A505F" blockId="14.[264,1323,644,830]" box="[308,1110,804,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D37FFAEFFD2FEC2FCD7DC08505F" authority="(Godman &amp; Salvin, 1897)" authorityName="Penz &amp; Devries" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[308,884,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hallonympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eudocia" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FEC2FCD7DD44505C" box="[308,568,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hallonympha eudocia</emphasis>
(Godman &amp; Salvin, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A57DDFFAEFFD2FC76FCD7DB2A505F" box="[896,1110,804,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B919EAA6FFAEFFD2FC76FCD7DB2A505F" bold="true" box="[896,1110,804,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">new combination</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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