239 lines
35 KiB
XML
239 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="CB4F97ADEEA447FED69F2E5DEEFD6E98" ID-DOI="10.26107/RBZ-2020-0081" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347150" ID-ZooBank="3EA4D5E1-8F01-4D60-BBD0-B6146884F4A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630202989765" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Lane, David J. W. & Vimono, Indra B." docDate="2020" docId="03B81146964FFFF2BC01F856FB59FE6F" docLanguage="en" docName="RBZ-2020-0081.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26.5:RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Pteraster sjadesensis Lane & Vimono 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="4CCCCDBF-0704-4666-AD2D-B28D73A2F8CD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="668" masterDocId="FF81693E964AFFF4BD0AFF80FFD0FFDA" masterDocTitle="Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="669" masterPageNumber="662" pageNumber="667" updateTime="1699183750483" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3ECFF90D7B4A6F947D932280BB2E71CA">Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="966DE23094B3C3B8ABF6E87CFBF62017">Lane, David J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0A10B754063BA4068DB9FC8B5FDA3912">Vimono, Indra B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4CC37F5A586984337BB9DF0403C3AD57">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0F6DE746D129B70BDE3054091E3CCD71">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="183F5DEECF367DB68E711E8F75E431DF">
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<mods:date id="C68F4541AAC16EE6F6E80B2205DAF191">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DE59630B1CE154732D2C198ABC540998">68</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DC2DE84AF8AE8C3E43ECBFFFD451ED29" type="DOI">10.26107/RBZ-2020-0081</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B81146964FFFF2BC01F856FB59FE6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5449225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5449225" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4CCCCDBF-0704-4666-AD2D-B28D73A2F8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B81146964FFFF2BC01F856FB59FE6F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964FFFF1BC01F856FD55F834" box="[267,645,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAEA050964FFFF1BC01F856FD55F834" blockId="5.[267,645,2005,2062]" box="[267,645,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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<heading id="D0E6173C964FFFF1BC01F856FD55F834" bold="true" box="[267,645,2005,2030]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964FFFF1BC01F856FD55F834" bold="true" box="[267,645,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964FFFF1BC01F856FE3FF837" ID-CoL="84CT5" authority="Lane & Vimono, 2020" authorityName="Lane & Vimono" authorityYear="2020" box="[267,495,2005,2029]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sjadesensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964FFFF1BC01F856FE3FF837" bold="true" box="[267,495,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Pteraster sjadesensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256C139964FFFF1BCF5F856FD55F834" box="[511,645,2006,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964FFFF1BC94F876FE20F7D4" box="[414,496,2038,2062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAEA050964FFFF1BC94F876FE20F7D4" blockId="5.[267,645,2005,2062]" box="[414,496,2038,2062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964FFFF1BCACF876FE38F7D4" box="[422,488,2038,2062]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964FFFF1BE49FAD5FC3AFA37" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAEA050964FFFF1BE49FAD5FC3AFA37" blockId="5.[835,1474,1365,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964FFFF1BE49FAD5FBF2FAB7" bold="true" box="[835,1058,1365,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B79AA0D964FFFF1B922FAD5FC36FA37" collectingDate="2018-03-26" collectionCode="R, ZRC" collectorName="Stn. DW & Sunda Strait" elevation="98" latitude="-6.1633835" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.96627" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" specimenCount="1">
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1 wet specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED003895964FFFF1B9D6FAD6FB20FAB7" box="[1244,1264,1366,1389]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">R</collectionCode>
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:r = 15:
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<quantity id="4CE90DB5964FFFF1B831FAD5FAAAFAB7" box="[1339,1402,1365,1389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED003895964FFFF1B883FAD5FA4EFAB7" box="[1417,1438,1365,1389]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">R</collectionCode>
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:r = 2.5) (
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<collectionCode id="ED003895964FFFF1BE76FAF5FC65FA57" box="[892,949,1397,1421]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">ZRC</collectionCode>
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.ECH.1382),
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<collectorName id="26E4C586964FFFF1B935FAF5FB4FFA57" box="[1087,1183,1397,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Stn. DW</collectorName>
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16,
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<collectorName id="26E4C586964FFFF1B9C9FAF5FA98FA57" box="[1219,1352,1397,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Sunda Strait</collectorName>
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, (seamount reef),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25C697964FFFF1BE8EFA14FBD7FA77" box="[900,1031,1428,1453]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="09.803" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" precision="1" value="-6.1633835">S06°09.803′</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25C697964FFFF1B905FA14FB71FA77" box="[1039,1185,1428,1453]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="57.976" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" precision="1" value="104.96627">E104°57.976′</geoCoordinate>
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(drop point of dredge),
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<date id="FFAF8690964FFFF1B8ADFA15FC1DFA17" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" value="2018-03-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFEB7F78964FFFF1B8ADFA15FC1DFA17" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" value="2018-03-26">26 March 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, depth =
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<quantity id="4CE90DB5964FFFF1B936FA35FB7FFA17" box="[1084,1199,1461,1485]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="92.0">
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<elevation id="003C4763964FFFF1B936FA35FB7FFA17" box="[1084,1199,1461,1485]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="92.0">92–103 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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. Substrate: gravel, sand, and some mud
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964FFFF2BE49F995FDB0FD6F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="5" pageNumber="667" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAEA050964FFFF2BE49F995FDB0FD6F" blockId="5.[834,1477,1557,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[112,755,189,693]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964FFFF1BE49F995FC1BF9F7" bold="true" box="[835,971,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Description.</emphasis>
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5-rayed, stellate sea star with markedly tapering, triangular arms (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964FFFF1BEF2F9B5FB44F997" box="[1016,1172,1589,1613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="667">Fig. 6A, B, C</figureCitation>
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). Arm extremities recurved almost 180° in living sea star such that the terminal end of the ambulacral groove is visible from above. Supradorsal canopy supported by paxillae, single spines, and spine clusters. The single spines protrude only slightly though the membrane whereas the spine clusters, restricted to the dorsal surface, often cross apically together wigwam fashion and protrude further. Membrane muscle bands connect adjacent spines and spine clusters. The chamber beneath the supradorsal membrane connects to the exterior via a central osculum whose opening is regulated by an encircling membranous fringe embedded with at least 20 vertically oriented spines. Spiracle number is variable and difficult to count due to multiple membrane ruptures. Adambulacral plates similar in size along the furrow; each plate bears a transverse row of 4 small webbed spines linked by membrane to a large actinolateral spine furthest from the furrow; larger spines collectively are embedded in an actinolateral membrane that extends almost to the margins of the arms. Mouth plates each bear 10 peripheral spines, the second being slightly longer than the first; the series then diminishing in size distally along the plate edge (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964CFFF2BC18FEDDFEB8FEAF" box="[274,360,349,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
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). Oral spines are webbed together, to their tips, but the webbing is independent for each oral plate (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964CFFF2BD73FE1DFF1EFE6F" box="[121,206,413,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
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). A large, lanceolate, suboral spine (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964CFFF2BF41FE1DFD4FFE6F" box="[587,671,413,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
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, arrow) on each oral plate is free from membrane and articulates on a prominent boss; the hyaline outer portion is pointed or round-ended and tricarinate in cross section with concave faces. Tube feet aligned biserially (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964CFFF2BCE4FD9DFD93FDEF" box="[494,579,541,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,171,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[137,1475,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-99@5.[138,814,688,1187]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347163/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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). Colour in life: supradorsal membrane with irregular light and dark orange pigmentation; membrane pigmentation tends to be reduced on some of the protruding spine clusters and also tends to be lost then regained towards the arm apices.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964CFFF2BD7BFD5DFDE9FCCF" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BAEA050964CFFF2BD7BFD5DFDE9FCCF" blockId="6.[113,751,733,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BD7BFD5DFED0FD2F" bold="true" box="[113,256,733,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Species named after the SJADES 2018 Expedition during which it was collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964CFFF2BD7BFCBDFE85FBAF" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAEA050964CFFF2BD7BFCBDFE85FBAF" blockId="6.[113,753,829,1141]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">
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||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BD7BFCBDFED8FC8F" bold="true" box="[113,264,829,853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Recorded at a single location, a seamount ridge/reef at the southwest opening of the Sunda Strait to the Indian Ocean (
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<figureCitation id="132ABCD5964CFFF2BC4AFCFDFE52FC4F" box="[320,386,893,917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[136,171,1176,1198]" captionTargetBox="[137,1474,286,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[137,1477,286,1162]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatera (Sumatra). Inset shows the location of the Strait within the Indonesian Archipelago. This map indicates the proximity of sites CP07 (at which Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, was found) and DW16 (at which Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, was found) to the 1883 VEI 6 eruption series and remnant of Krakatau. Scale bar = 20 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347152/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). This location, just
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<quantity id="4CE90DB5964CFFF2BF66FCFDFD62FC4F" box="[620,690,893,917]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
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from and possibly impacted by the cataclysmic 1883 Krakatau eruption, may have been subsequently re-colonised from more widely distributed populations outside the Strait. The depth at which this new
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<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BC8DFC7EFD92FBCF" box="[391,578,1021,1045]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BC8DFC7EFE3BFBCF" box="[391,491,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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was found (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE90DB5964CFFF2BD7BFB9DFF66FBEF" box="[113,182,1053,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the Sunda Strait corresponds approximately to the peak species diversity-depth interval globally for the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BD70FBDDFE99FBAF" author="Villier L & Blake DB & Jagt JWM & Kutscher M" box="[122,329,1117,1141]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="281 - 299" refId="ref5557" refString="Villier L, Blake DB, Jagt JWM & Kutscher M (2004) A preliminary phylogeny of the Pterasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and the first fossil record: Late Cretaceous of Germany and Belgium. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 78 (2): 281 - 299." type="journal article" year="2004">Villier et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30BF3DB964CFFF2BD7BFB1DFB59FE6F" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAEA050964CFFF2BD7BFB1DFE77F7CF" blockId="6.[112,754,1181,2069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BD7BFB1DFF32FB6F" bold="true" box="[113,226,1181,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BDE6FB1EFE81FB6F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[236,337,1182,1205]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BDE6FB1EFE81FB6F" box="[236,337,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently with 56 described species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BD73FB3DFF2DFB0F" author="Mah CL" box="[121,253,1213,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" refId="ref5379" refString="Mah CL (2020) World Asteroidea Database. http: // www. marinespecies. org / asteroidea / (Accessed 29 June 2020)." type="url" year="2020">Mah, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is one of two highly speciose genera in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BD94FB5DFEFEFB2F" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[158,302,1245,1269]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pterasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
—a monophyletic family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BF54FB5DFD3BFB2F" author="Blake DB" box="[606,747,1245,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="481 - 528" refId="ref4615" refString="Blake DB (1987) A classification and phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 21: 481 - 528." type="journal article" year="1987">Blake, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BD7BFB7DFF3FFACF" author="Gale AS" box="[113,239,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="107 - 132" refId="ref5088" refString="Gale AS (1987) Phylogeny and classification of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 89: 107 - 132." type="journal article" year="1987">Gale, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of predominantly deep-sea stars—the other being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BDB0FA9EFE90FAEF" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[186,320,1310,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Hymenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BDB0FA9EFE90FAEF" box="[186,320,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Hymenaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus with similar body form but distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BC79FABEFE0FFA8F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[371,479,1342,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BC79FABEFE0FFA8F" box="[371,479,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the present specimen, by the adambulacral spine rows not being transverse and by the absence of webbing between the oral spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BDF5FA1DFE42FA6F" author="Fisher WK" box="[255,402,1437,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref4981" refString="Fisher WK (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76: i - xii + 1 - 420, pls. 1 - 122." type="book chapter" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BCABFA1DFDADFA6F" author="Villier L & Blake DB & Jagt JWM & Kutscher M" box="[417,637,1437,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="281 - 299" refId="ref5557" refString="Villier L, Blake DB, Jagt JWM & Kutscher M (2004) A preliminary phylogeny of the Pterasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and the first fossil record: Late Cretaceous of Germany and Belgium. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 78 (2): 281 - 299." type="journal article" year="2004">Villier et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is resemblance also to sea stars of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BF47FA3EFD6EFA0F" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[589,702,1470,1493]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BF47FA3EFD6EFA0F" box="[589,702,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Euretaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but, although small in size and possibly a juvenile, the present specimen can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BCFBFA7EFDB2F9CF" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[497,610,1534,1557]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BCFBFA7EFDB2F9CF" box="[497,610,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Euretaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BDF1F99EFE8EF9EF" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[251,350,1566,1589]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BDF1F99EFE8EF9EF" box="[251,350,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a number of morphological characters featured in a preliminary cladistic analysis of the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BDC3F9DDFE4EF9AF" author="Villier L & Blake DB & Jagt JWM & Kutscher M" box="[201,414,1629,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="281 - 299" refId="ref5557" refString="Villier L, Blake DB, Jagt JWM & Kutscher M (2004) A preliminary phylogeny of the Pterasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and the first fossil record: Late Cretaceous of Germany and Belgium. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 78 (2): 281 - 299." type="journal article" year="2004">Villier et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), namely: (a) all adambulacral plates being of similar form, (b) the adambulacral comb row of spines being transverse rather than oblique or aligned with the arm furrow, and (c) the arm being semicircular in cross section.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BC31F95EFE63F92F" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[315,435,1758,1781]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BC31F95EFE63F92F" box="[315,435,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Euretaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in contrast has alternating adambulacrals of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D176BD9964CFFF2BC31F97EFE7CF8CC" box="[315,428,1790,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: oblique adambulacral comb rows and, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BC6BF89EFD9DF8EF" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[353,589,1822,1845]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BC6BF89EFD9DF8EF" box="[353,589,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Euretaster attenuatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arms that are circular in cross section (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BC85F8BDFDB8F88F" author="Villier L & Blake DB & Jagt JWM & Kutscher M" box="[399,616,1853,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="281 - 299" refId="ref5557" refString="Villier L, Blake DB, Jagt JWM & Kutscher M (2004) A preliminary phylogeny of the Pterasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and the first fossil record: Late Cretaceous of Germany and Belgium. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 78 (2): 281 - 299." type="journal article" year="2004">Villier et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BF77F8BEFF30F8AF" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BF77F8BEFF30F8AF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Euretaster attenuatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F306E0C0964CFFF2BC9CF8DEFDEBF8AF" box="[406,571,1885,1909]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BF40F8DDFD39F8AF" author="Jangoux M" box="[586,745,1885,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="279 - 293" refId="ref5310" refString="Jangoux M (1984) Les asterides littoraux de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Zoologie), 4 e serie, 6, Section A (2): 279 - 293." type="journal article" year="1984">Jangoux, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) does have features in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BF0FF8FEFD39F84F" authority="Lane & Vimono, 2020" authorityName="Lane & Vimono" authorityYear="2020" box="[517,745,1917,1941]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sjadesensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BF0FF8FEFD39F84F" box="[517,745,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster sjadesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256C139964CFFF2BD7BF81EFF23F86F" box="[113,243,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(semicircular arm section; stellate appearance) but, apart from generic differences in adambulacral spine row direction, the latter lacks the longer-spined, spikey appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BC19F87EFE4FF7CF" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[275,415,2046,2069]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Euretaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BC19F87EFE4FF7CF" box="[275,415,2046,2069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">E. attenuatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAEA050964CFFF2BE27FF3EFB59FE6F" blockId="6.[812,1454,189,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BE27FF3EFBCCFF0F" authority="Lane & Vimono, 2020" authorityName="Lane & Vimono" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,1052,189,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sjadesensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BE27FF3EFBCCFF0F" box="[813,1052,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster sjadesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256C139964CFFF2B925FF3EFB6AFF0F" box="[1071,1210,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2B84EFF3EFBEBFF2F" authority="Hayashi, 1940" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1940" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="uragensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2B84EFF3EFC45FF2F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster uragensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BE94FF5DFBEBFF2F" author="Hayashi R" box="[926,1083,221,245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref5237" refString="Hayashi R (1940) Contributions to the classification of the seastars of Japan. 1. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7): 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">Hayashi, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2B97FFF5EFBC7FECF" authority="Fisher, 1910" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trigonodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2B97FFF5EFA89FF2F" box="[1141,1369,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">Pteraster trigonodon</emphasis>
|
||
Fisher, 1910 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF80DDA1964CFFF2BE7EFF7DFBDFFECF" author="Fisher WK" box="[884,1039,253,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref4952" refString="Fisher WK (1910 b) New Pterasteridae from the North Pacific. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (5): 167 - 170." type="journal article" year="1910">Fisher, 1910b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the independent webbing of oral plate spines on each side and in the three-edged form of the suboral spines. It differs, however, in that the arms are longer, giving a higher R:r ratio, and oral plates have double (10) the number of webbed oral plate spines compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BE27FE1EFC65FE6F" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1940" box="[813,949,414,437]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="uragensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BE27FE1EFC65FE6F" box="[813,949,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">P. uragensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C11DBD3964CFFF2BEE4FE1EFB52FE6F" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" box="[1006,1154,413,437]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="668" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trigonodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9657C42964CFFF2BEE4FE1EFB52FE6F" box="[1006,1154,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="668">P. trigonodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |