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<document id="CFFFB17DC66C165E4F5B894C09C0E626" ID-CLB-Dataset="296617" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v117/i1/2017/117280" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3d8f77a-3016-4b95-b809-47a4191342da" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913646" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1712170704056" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Raghunathan, C. &amp; Choudhury, Smitanjali" docDate="2017" docId="03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.117.1.26-33.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i1/2017/117280" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.2:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Actinodendron arboreum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" masterDocId="FF8961670207A738FFA3804EF777FF96" masterDocTitle="New distributional records of Actiniarian sea anemones from Andaman and Nicobar Islands" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="26" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1716312277183" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DDB1F13E8CA6D0AA51FB47BE24534E36">New distributional records of Actiniarian sea anemones from Andaman and Nicobar Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81B69C829D4ADC67C15B7EC365870AE3">Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30D1DA0E8DD9B27FBEFE0DD79CCA2627">Choudhury, Smitanjali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D47640687C616BD105953B09EAC74EC6">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11237238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11237238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD" lastPageId="3" pageId="1">
<subSubSection id="C303FB820206A739FCE18312F4D2FC0C" pageId="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE18312F4D2FC0C" blockId="1.[834,1472,644,922]" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE18312F2CBFCE0" ID-CoL="9TYW" authority="(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[834,1468,860,886]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE18312F312FCE0" box="[834,1125,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="1">Actinodendron arboreum</emphasis>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833)
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0206A739FCE183CEF4D6FC0C" box="[834,929,896,922]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[373,1248,215,1151]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Actinodendron arboreum [a. Actinodendron arboreum in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of A. arboreum; c. Acrospheres]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figure 2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303FB820206A73BFCE18384F392FBBD" lastPageId="3" pageId="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE18384F4A2FC7F" blockId="1.[834,981,970,1001]" box="[834,981,970,1001]" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE18384F4A2FC7F" bold="true" box="[834,981,970,1001]" pageId="1">Synonyms</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE183B7F4BCFBAE" blockId="1.[834,1473,1017,1259]" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE183B7F234FB85" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[834,1347,1017,1043]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE183B7F48BFB85" box="[834,1020,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="1">Actinia arborea</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833
</taxonomicName>
(Original description)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE1840FF23BFBCD" blockId="1.[834,1473,1017,1259]" box="[834,1356,1089,1115]" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE1840FF23BFBCD" authority="Kwietniewski, 1897" authorityName="Kwietniewski" authorityYear="1897" box="[834,1356,1089,1115]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Acremodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambonensis">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE1840FF31AFBCD" box="[834,1133,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="1">Acremodactyla ambonensis</emphasis>
Kwietniewski, 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE1842BF244FB7D" blockId="1.[834,1473,1017,1259]" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE1842BF22EFBE9" authority="(Kwietniewski, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Kwietniewski" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[834,1369,1125,1151]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambonense">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE1842BF310FBE9" box="[834,1127,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="1">Actinodendron ambonense</emphasis>
(Kwietniewski, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE184C7F229FB35" authority="(Kwietniewski, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Kwietniewski" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[834,1374,1161,1187]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambonensis">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE184C7F31BFB35" box="[834,1132,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="1">Actinodendron ambonensis</emphasis>
(Kwietniewski, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE184E3F221FB51" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[834,1366,1197,1223]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">Actinodendron arborea Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0206A739FCE1849FF244FB7D" authority="de Blainville, 1830" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" box="[834,1331,1233,1259]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE1849FF316FB7D" box="[834,1121,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1">Actinodendrum arboreum</emphasis>
de Blainville, 1830
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A739FCE18557F4E1FA09" blockId="1.[833,1474,1305,1944]" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE18557F354FAA5" box="[834,1059,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="1">Material Examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B71A2540206A739FB8D8557F2B7FAED" collectingDate="2015-08-18" collectionCode="ANRC" collectorName="Registration No." elevation="10" latitude="11.848984" location="Neil Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.02012" pageId="1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D1F63800206A739FB8D8557F3A3FAA5" box="[1070,1236,1305,1331]" count="1" pageId="1" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
collected from
<location id="8EC6FED20206A739FA328557F4F1FAC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD:8EC6FED20206A739FA328557F4F1FAC1" latitude="11.848984" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.02012" name="Neil Island" pageId="1">Neil Island</location>
(Lat.
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DCECE0206A739FC658573F326FACE" box="[966,1105,1341,1368]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="50.939" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="1" value="11.848984">11°50.939’N</geoCoordinate>
; Long:
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DCECE0206A739FB018573F25DFAC1" box="[1186,1322,1341,1367]" degrees="93" direction="east" minutes="01.207" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="1" value="93.02012">93°01.207’E</geoCoordinate>
), at the depth of
<quantity id="4CE105EC0206A739FCC0852FF4D7FAEA" box="[867,928,1377,1404]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" unit="m" value="10.0">
<elevation id="00344F3A0206A739FCC0852FF4D7FAEA" box="[867,928,1377,1404]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
on
<date id="FFA78EC90206A739FC70852FF313FAEA" box="[979,1124,1377,1404]" pageId="1" value="2015-08-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE377210206A739FC70852FF313FAEA" box="[979,1124,1377,1404]" pageId="1" value="2015-08-18">18.VIII.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26ECCDDF0206A739FBD1852FF259FAEA" box="[1138,1326,1377,1404]" pageId="1">Registration No.</collectorName>
ZSI/
<collectionCode id="ED0830CC0206A739FAD7852FF2B7FAED" box="[1396,1472,1377,1403]" pageId="1">ANRC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
-14114.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090206A73AFCE185E4F6D3F998" blockId="1.[833,1474,1305,1944]" lastBlockId="2.[158,799,1272,1551]" lastPageId="2" pageId="1">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0206A739FCE185E4F4B0FA55" box="[834,967,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1">Description:</emphasis>
The pedal disc is well developed with
<quantity id="4CE105EC0206A739FAC885E7F2B7FA52" box="[1387,1472,1449,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
diameter. Column is smooth. When fully expanded, the oral disc is spread with long tentacles (
<quantity id="4CE105EC0206A739FB4485BFF22FF99A" box="[1255,1368,1521,1548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.173" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="11.73">11.73 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CE105EC0206A739FCD2865BF4C5F9A6" box="[881,946,1557,1584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in width), about 12-36 number with complexly branched (
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0206A739FC1B8677F352F9C5" box="[952,1061,1593,1619]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[373,1248,215,1151]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Actinodendron arboreum [a. Actinodendron arboreum in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of A. arboreum; c. Acrospheres]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figure 2a</figureCitation>
). The specimen resembles like a bush or broccoli (
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0206A739FC738613F335F9E1" box="[976,1090,1629,1655]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[373,1248,215,1151]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Actinodendron arboreum [a. Actinodendron arboreum in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of A. arboreum; c. Acrospheres]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figure 2a</figureCitation>
). The tentacles are hexamerously arranged in three cycles (6+12+18=36) (
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0206A739FAB386CFF2F6F90D" box="[1296,1409,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[373,1248,215,1151]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Actinodendron arboreum [a. Actinodendron arboreum in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of A. arboreum; c. Acrospheres]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figure 2a</figureCitation>
). The branching tentacles are more erect and also covered with numerous acrosphers (
<quantity id="4CE105EC0206A739FB9D8687F3D4F972" box="[1086,1187,1737,1764]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
in length) (
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0206A739FA828687F2C2F975" box="[1313,1461,1737,1763]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-125@2.[373,1248,215,1151]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Actinodendron arboreum [a. Actinodendron arboreum in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of A. arboreum; c. Acrospheres]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Figure 2b &amp;c</figureCitation>
). The oral disc diameter is about same length as extended tentacles. The acrosphers and tip of the tentacles are dense with long Basitrich forming nematocyst batteries. The column is buried in the substrate surface leaving only the crown of tentacles branching. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles and radial muscles of oral disc are ectodermal. Two broad siphonglyphs are present. Retractor muscles are very strong. Hence, in case of predator, may disappear in fractions of a second retreating completely into the substrate through a strong contraction. The colour of the specimen is tan or light brown. The vesicles are light brown in colour while, the stalk of tentacles are light green or grey in colour.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66F8810205A73AFED784D1F354FB4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" startId="2.[372,445,1183,1207]" targetBox="[377,1244,219,1147]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFED784D1F354FB4E" blockId="2.[372,1249,1183,1240]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFED784D1F6A0FB21" bold="true" box="[372,471,1183,1207]" pageId="2">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0205A73AFE4D84EEF581FB2E" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[494,758,1184,1208]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFE4D84EEF581FB2E" box="[494,758,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2">Actinodendron arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[a.
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0205A73AFCBD84EEF351FB2E" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[798,1062,1184,1208]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFCBD84EEF351FB2E" box="[798,1062,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2">Actinodendron arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in sandy bottom; b. Branched tentacle of
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0205A73AFD44848EF41CFB4E" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[743,875,1216,1240]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFD44848EF41CFB4E" box="[743,875,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="2">A. arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; c. Acrospheres].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFCFE84B7F48BFA8E" blockId="2.[861,1020,1273,1304]" box="[861,1020,1273,1304]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFCFE84B7F48BFA8E" bold="true" box="[861,1020,1273,1304]" pageId="2">Cnidocysts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFCFE8567F39BFA39" blockId="2.[861,1498,1321,1455]" pageId="2">
Cnidocysts contain spirocysts and nematocysts which include microbasic p-mastigophores, basitrichs which were derived from various organs of
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0205A73AFAA1853FF2F9FA1D" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1282,1422,1393,1419]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFAA1853FF2F9FA1D" box="[1282,1422,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="2">A. arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C69B9DB20205A73AFA3F853FF41DFA39" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[303,366,1589,1615]" captionTargetId="graphics-158@2.[303,1354,1619,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric measurement of cnidocysts in different body organs of A. arboreum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF66F8810205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8" pageId="2" tableUuid="DF66F8810205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and all are illustrated in
<figureCitation id="1322B48C0205A73AFB2985DBF390FA39" box="[1162,1255,1429,1455]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[374,447,743,767]" captionTargetBox="[377,1230,219,716]" captionTargetId="figure-131@3.[374,1233,216,719]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Cnidocysts of A. arboretum [a. Spirocyst (G) from tentacle; b. Long basitrich from tentacle; c. Basitrich from acrospheres d. Spirocysts from acrospheres; e. Microbasic p- mastigophore from acrospheres; f. Basitrich from column; g. Spirocyst from column]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913652/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66F8810205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8" ID-Table-UUID="DF66F8810205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8" box="[303,1344,1588,1615]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF66F8810205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8" pageId="2" startId="2.[303,366,1589,1615]" targetBox="[311,1337,1627,1890]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFE8C867BF237F9D8" blockId="2.[303,1344,1588,1615]" box="[303,1344,1588,1615]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFE8C867BF6FDF9D8" bold="true" box="[303,394,1588,1615]" pageId="2">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric measurement of cnidocysts in different body organs of
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0205A73AFB16867BF237F9D8" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1205,1344,1588,1615]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">A. arboreum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFE948615F24EF8F4" pageId="2">
<table id="F9195AA9020558C7FE948615F24EF8F4" box="[311,1337,1627,1890]" colsContinueIn="5.[241,1352,257,688]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="2">
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE948615F24EF9E2" box="[311,1337,1627,1652]" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FE948615F6FCF9E2" box="[311,395,1627,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFE948615F60DF9E5" bold="true" box="[311,378,1627,1651]" pageId="2">Organ</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FE008615F5D3F9E2" box="[419,676,1627,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFE008612F51DF9E5" bold="true" box="[419,618,1627,1652]" pageId="2">Type of Cnidocysts</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C8615F436F9E2" box="[703,833,1627,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFD1C8612F436F9E5" bold="true" box="[703,833,1627,1652]" pageId="2">Length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB8615F4A3F9E2" box="[856,980,1627,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFCFB8615F4A3F9E5" bold="true" box="[856,980,1627,1651]" pageId="2">Width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E8615F372F9E2" box="[1005,1029,1627,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFC508612F376F9E2" bold="true" box="[1011,1025,1628,1652]" pageId="2">n</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FB858615F34EF9E2" box="[1062,1081,1627,1652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFB858612F34EF9E2" bold="true" box="[1062,1081,1628,1652]" pageId="2">N</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE8615F3BDF9E2" box="[1117,1226,1627,1652]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFBFE8612F3BDF9E2" bold="true" box="[1117,1226,1628,1652]" pageId="2">Frequency</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FB488615F24EF9E2" box="[1259,1337,1627,1652]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0205A73AFB5A8615F25BF9E5" bold="true" box="[1273,1324,1627,1651]" pageId="2">State</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE948630F24EF900" box="[311,1337,1662,1686]" gridrow="1" pageId="2">
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FE948630F6FCF92E" box="[311,395,1662,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Tentacle</th>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE008630F5D3F900" box="[419,676,1662,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2">Spirocysts(G) (Figure 3a)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C8630F436F900" box="[703,833,1662,1686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2">12.8 - 21.6</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB8630F4A3F900" box="[856,980,1662,1686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2">2.3 - 3.8</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E8630F372F900" box="[1005,1029,1662,1686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2">26</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB858630F34EF900" box="[1062,1081,1662,1686]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2">3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE8630F3BDF900" box="[1117,1226,1662,1686]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2">C</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB488630F24EF900" box="[1259,1337,1662,1686]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE9486EEF24EF92E" box="[311,1337,1696,1720]" gridrow="2" pageId="2">
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE0086EEF5D3F92E" box="[419,676,1696,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2">Basitrich (Figure 3b)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C86EEF436F92E" box="[703,833,1696,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2">37.5 - 61.8</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB86EEF4A3F92E" box="[856,980,1696,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2">2.3 - 4.1</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E86EEF372F92E" box="[1005,1029,1696,1720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2">74</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB8586EEF34EF92E" box="[1062,1081,1696,1720]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2">3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE86EEF3BDF92E" box="[1117,1226,1696,1720]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2">A</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB4886EEF24EF92E" box="[1259,1337,1696,1720]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE94868CF24EF94C" box="[311,1337,1730,1754]" gridrow="3" pageId="2">
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FE94868CF6FCF888" box="[311,395,1730,1822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" rowspan="3" rowspanBelow="2">Vesicles</th>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE00868CF5D3F94C" box="[419,676,1730,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2">Basitrich (Figure 2c)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C868CF436F94C" box="[703,833,1730,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2">39.0 - 64.3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB868CF4A3F94C" box="[856,980,1730,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2">2.3 - 4.1</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E868CF372F94C" box="[1005,1029,1730,1754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2">68</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB85868CF34EF94C" box="[1062,1081,1730,1754]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2">3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE868CF3BDF94C" box="[1117,1226,1730,1754]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2">A</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB48868CF24EF94C" box="[1259,1337,1730,1754]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE9486AAF24EF96A" box="[311,1337,1764,1788]" gridrow="4" pageId="2">
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE0086AAF5D3F96A" box="[419,676,1764,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2">MPM (Figure 3d)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C86AAF436F96A" box="[703,833,1764,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2">18.5 - 20.3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB86AAF4A3F96A" box="[856,980,1764,1788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2">3.0 - 4.3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E86AAF372F96A" box="[1005,1029,1764,1788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2">12</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB8586AAF34EF96A" box="[1062,1081,1764,1788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2">3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE86AAF3BDF96A" box="[1117,1226,1764,1788]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2">R</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB4886AAF24EF96A" box="[1259,1337,1764,1788]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE948748F24EF888" box="[311,1337,1798,1822]" gridrow="5" pageId="2">
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE008748F5D3F888" box="[419,676,1798,1822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2">Spirocysts (G (Figure 3e)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C8748F436F888" box="[703,833,1798,1822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2">11.3 - 22.5</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB8748F4A3F888" box="[856,980,1798,1822]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2">2.6 - 4.1</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E8748F372F888" box="[1005,1029,1798,1822]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2">34</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB858748F34EF888" box="[1062,1081,1798,1822]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2">3</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE8748F3BDF888" box="[1117,1226,1798,1822]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2">C</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB488748F24EF888" box="[1259,1337,1798,1822]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE948766F24EF8D6" box="[311,1337,1832,1856]" gridrow="6" pageId="2">
<th id="76F8C337020558C7FE948766F6FCF8F4" box="[311,395,1832,1890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Column</th>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE008766F5D3F8D6" box="[419,676,1832,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2">Basitrich (Figure 3f)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C8766F436F8D6" box="[703,833,1832,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2">33.8 - 69.5</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB8766F4A3F8D6" box="[856,980,1832,1856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2">1.5 - 3.8</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E8766F372F8D6" box="[1005,1029,1832,1856]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2">41</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB858766F34EF8D6" box="[1062,1081,1832,1856]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2">1</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE8766F3BDF8D6" box="[1117,1226,1832,1856]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2">A</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB488766F24EF8D6" box="[1259,1337,1832,1856]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529AA4B020558C7FE948704F24EF8F4" box="[311,1337,1866,1890]" gridrow="7" pageId="2">
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FE008704F5D3F8F4" box="[419,676,1866,1890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2">Spirocysts(G) (Figure 3g)</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FD1C8704F436F8F4" box="[703,833,1866,1890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2">13.5 - 21.0</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FCFB8704F4A3F8F4" box="[856,980,1866,1890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2">2.3 - 3.8</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FC4E8704F372F8F4" box="[1005,1029,1866,1890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2">20</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB858704F34EF8F4" box="[1062,1081,1866,1890]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2">1</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FBFE8704F3BDF8F4" box="[1117,1226,1866,1890]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2">C</td>
<td id="76F8C337020558C7FB488704F24EF8F4" box="[1259,1337,1866,1890]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="2">Unfired</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="76FFA9870205A73AFE8C8727F4C5F800" pageId="2" targetBox="[311,1337,1627,1890]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFE8C8727F23DF8EA" blockId="2.[303,1354,1897,1943]" box="[303,1354,1897,1916]" pageId="2">n= Number of nematocyst measured; N = Number of individuals; Frequency indicated by A= abundant C= common, R=</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090205A73AFE9287CAF4C5F800" blockId="2.[303,1354,1897,1943]" box="[305,946,1923,1943]" pageId="2">rare, MPM= Micro basic p-mastigophores; Spirocyst (G) = gracile spirocyst</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<caption id="DF66F8810204A73BFED582A9F37CFCF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913652/files/figure.png" pageId="3" startId="3.[374,447,743,767]" targetBox="[377,1230,219,716]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFED582A9F3B9FCD6" blockId="3.[374,1232,743,864]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFED582A9F6AFFD69" bold="true" box="[374,472,743,767]" pageId="3">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Cnidocysts of
<taxonomicName id="4C19D38A0204A73BFD2F82A6F46DFC96" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[652,794,744,768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinodendridae" genus="Actinodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboretum">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFD2F82A6F46DFC96" box="[652,794,744,768]" italics="true" pageId="3">A. arboretum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[a. Spirocyst (G) from tentacle; b. Long basitrich from tentacle; c. Basitrich from acrospheres d. Spirocysts from acrospheres; e. Microbasic
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFCE88366F484FCD6" box="[843,1011,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="3">p- mastigophore</emphasis>
from acrospheres; f.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFE538306F37CFCF6" blockId="3.[374,1232,743,864]" box="[496,1035,840,864]" pageId="3">Basitrich from column; g. Spirocyst from column].</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFF2583CEF601FBD8" blockId="3.[133,771,896,1211]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFF2583CEF796FC0C" box="[134,225,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="3">Habitat:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B71A2540204A73BFF4F83CEF606FBD8" county="Oliver Island" latitude="12.995517" location="This" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.998634" municipality="Neil Island" pageId="3" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EC6FED20204A73BFF4F83CEF66BFC0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD:8EC6FED20204A73BFF4F83CEF66BFC0C" box="[236,284,896,922]" county="Oliver Island" latitude="12.995517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.998634" municipality="Neil Island" name="This" pageId="3">This</location>
species mainly lives singly in sandy and rubbles covered bottoms on coral reef (Fautin
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFD6383EBF474FC28" box="[704,771,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="3">et al.,</emphasis>
2009).
<location id="8EC6FED20204A73BFF728386F78CFC74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0191F0206A73BFCE18312F392FBBD:8EC6FED20204A73BFF728386F78CFC74" box="[209,251,968,994]" county="Oliver Island" latitude="12.995517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.998634" municipality="Neil Island" name="The" pageId="3">The</location>
specimen reported from
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC232730204A73BFDB08386F5FCFC74" box="[531,651,968,994]" pageId="3">Neil Island</collectingMunicipality>
was found in sandy area and subsequently it was observed from
<collectingCounty id="62C7D0850204A73BFF25845EF66FFBBC" box="[134,280,1040,1066]" pageId="3">Oliver Island</collectingCounty>
(Lat.
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DCECE0204A73BFEF8845EF699FBBD" box="[347,494,1040,1067]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="59.731" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" precision="1" value="12.995517">12°59.731’ N</geoCoordinate>
; Long.
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DCECE0204A73BFDE1845EF5AAFBBD" box="[578,733,1040,1067]" degrees="092" direction="east" minutes="59.918" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" precision="1" value="92.998634">092°59.918’ E</geoCoordinate>
) in the same substratum
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFF258416F3B3FC28" blockId="3.[133,771,896,1211]" lastBlockId="3.[835,1472,896,1067]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFF258416F664FBE4" box="[134,275,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="3">Distribution:</emphasis>
This species is found in
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFD378416F474FBE4" box="[660,771,1112,1138]" name="Singapore" pageId="3">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Ardelean, 2003);
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFEC48432F559FB00" box="[359,558,1148,1174]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFDE78433F588FB00" box="[580,767,1148,1175]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFF2584EEF799FB2C" box="[134,238,1184,1210]" name="Australia" pageId="3">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFEA084EEF6BCFB2C" box="[259,459,1184,1210]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="3">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, New
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFD8684EEF50EFB2C" box="[549,633,1184,1210]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFD2D84EEF588FB2C" box="[654,767,1184,1210]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Okinawa,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFC1483CEF342FC0C" box="[951,1077,896,922]" name="Philippines" pageId="3">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(Fautin, 2008; Fautin
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFA9783CFF212FC0C" box="[1332,1381,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="3">et al</emphasis>
., 2009),
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFCE083EBF4F6FC29" box="[835,897,933,959]" name="Japan" pageId="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D5F80204A73BFC2C83EAF3CFFC28" author="Uchida, H. &amp; I. Soyama" box="[911,1208,932,958]" pageId="3" refId="ref4567" refString="Uchida, H. and I. Soyama, 2001. Sea anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS, Japan. 157 pp." type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFCE08386F372FB90" blockId="3.[835,1472,896,1067]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFCE08386F4F3FC74" box="[835,900,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3">
<collectingCountry id="F30EE8990204A73BFCE08386F409FC74" box="[835,894,968,994]" name="India" pageId="3">India</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Neil Island, South Andaman and Oliver Island, North Andaman.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A8090204A73BFCE0845EF392FBBD" blockId="3.[835,1472,896,1067]" box="[835,1253,1040,1067]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B96D741B0204A73BFCE0845EF4D7FBBC" box="[835,928,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3">Remark:</emphasis>
New record to Indian waters
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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