595 lines
70 KiB
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595 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="D957B83FE0F51CFB323BB2D8607E546C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197589" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53fca97f-1dda-43cc-b95e-2eca97fde26c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197589" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460273136847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavoué, Sébastien, Sullivan, John P. & Arnegard, Matthew E." docDate="2010" docId="0394455B701CB45EB8BFA435C035D36E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02600p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Petrocephalus microphthalmus Pellegrin 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFAD3D23700EB44BB828A742C128D67C" masterDocTitle="African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698247377879" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8EA1BF447B3BE0872DE8E7259840339D">African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="295D491B4E18B8CF48403AC14BA63924">Lavoué, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="705FA16803885E8D62690FF4D52E7F23">Sullivan, John P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14D4727E1542B6B3052E18CEC07F29E6">Arnegard, Matthew E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E0F18C05BDFB375D3124423D58C8B2DC">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0394455B701CB45EB8BFA435C035D36E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202200" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119395503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394455B701CB45EB8BFA435C035D36E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394455B701CB45EB8BFA435C035D36E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701CB459B8BFA435C3FBD5ED" box="[151,723,887,913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8BFA435C3FBD5ED" blockId="18.[151,723,887,913]" box="[151,723,887,913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0CA4321701CB459B8BFA435C3FBD5ED" bold="true" box="[151,723,887,913]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459B8BFA435C3FBD5ED" ID-CoL="4FDXP" authority="Pellegrin, 1908" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,723,887,913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8BFA435C3FBD5ED" bold="true" box="[151,723,887,913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8BFA435C33AD5ED" bold="true" box="[151,530,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701CB459BA31A435C3FBD5ED" author="Pellegrin" box="[537,723,887,913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1908) Sur une seconde collection de poissons recueillis par M. E. Haug a Ngomo. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 11, 184 - 190." type="journal article" year="1908">Pellegrin, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701CB459B8BFA482C319D2F8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8BFA482C3FCD5AB" blockId="18.[151,761,960,1015]" box="[151,724,960,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2DD363701CB459B8BFA482C3FCD5AB" box="[151,724,960,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459B8BFA482C3B3D5AB" ID-CoL="4FDXP" authority="Pellegrin (1908)" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,667,960,983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8BFA482C0CAD5AB" box="[151,482,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9CD25C701CB459B9C1A482C3B3D5AB" author="Pellegrin" box="[489,667,960,983]" page="185" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701CB459B9C1A482C3B3D5AB" author="Pellegrin" box="[489,667,960,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1908) Sur une seconde collection de poissons recueillis par M. E. Haug a Ngomo. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 11, 184 - 190." type="journal article" year="1908">Pellegrin (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 185.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8BFA4A2C3D1D58B" blockId="18.[151,761,960,1015]" box="[151,761,992,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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[Odzala field identification:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459B9EDA4A2C376D58B" ID-CoL="6M4J" box="[453,606,992,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B9EDA4A2C376D58B" box="[453,606,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 5, OTU 5]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8BFA35DC319D2F8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1055,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8BFA35DC1D0D245" bold="true" box="[151,248,1055,1081]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Images.</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701CB459B8D7A362C06CD246" box="[255,324,1056,1082]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Petrocephalus microphthalmus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197596/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A, photo of a live specimen from Odzala,
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<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701CB459BB1BA362C251D246" box="[819,889,1056,1082]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Petrocephalus microphthalmus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197596/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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B, photo of a preserved specimen from Odzala and
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<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701CB459B8E3A307C00DD223" box="[203,293,1093,1119]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="39.[151,257,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[155,1412,647,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,642,1841]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 14. Historical illustrations of Petrocephalus species described from Congo or Lower Guinea that occur in Odzala. The drawings were reproduced from the following sources: Petrocephalus binotatus from Pellegrin (1928); Petrocephalus balayi from Boulenger (1909 – 1916); Petrocephalus microphthalmus from Poll (1967); Petrocephalus christyi from Boulenger (1920); Petrocephalus sauvagii from Boulenger (1909 – 1916); and Petrocephalus grandoculis from Boulenger (1920)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197603/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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, drawing from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701CB459B9C9A307C343D223" author="Poll" box="[481,619,1093,1119]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Poll, M. (1967) Contribution a la Faune Ichthyologique de l'Angola. Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), Lisboa, pp 381." type="book chapter" year="1967">Poll (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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of a specimen collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701CB459BB94A307C531D223" box="[956,1049,1093,1119]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Angola</collectingCountry>
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. Photo of the
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BCECA307C406D223" box="[1220,1326,1093,1119]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(MNHN 1908–211) in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701CB459B912A328C305D2F8" box="[314,557,1130,1156]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Lavoue, S., Hopkins, C. D. & Kamdem Toham, A. (2004) The Petrocephalus (Pisces, Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) of Gabon, Central Africa, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema, 26, 511 - 535." type="journal article">
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Lavoué
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B9B1A329C0FCD2F8" box="[409,468,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701CB459B8EEA3CDC0DCD343" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8EEA3CDC3F8D2B3" blockId="18.[151,1437,1055,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8EEA3CDC052D2D5" bold="true" box="[198,378,1167,1193]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459B8EEA3CDC029D2D5" box="[198,257,1167,1193]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459B9AAA3D2C0DAD2D6" box="[386,498,1168,1194]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C88701CB459B9D5A3D2C37FD2D6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[509,599,1168,1194]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MNHN</collectionCode>
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1908–211, male,
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<quantity id="4CC559A8701CB459BB0FA3D2C2B8D2D6" box="[807,912,1168,1194]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="73.7">73.7 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED2C6C88701CB459BBBEA3D2C294D2D6" box="[918,956,1168,1194]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SL</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701CB459BBEFA3D2C530D2D6" box="[967,1048,1168,1194]" name="Gabon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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, Ogooué basin at Ngomo (Lower Ogooué) [estimated
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<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A701CB459B9AEA3F7C0E4D2B3" box="[390,460,1205,1231]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="-0.82">0.82S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE09928A701CB459B9F0A3F7C30AD2B3" box="[472,546,1205,1231]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="9.95">9.95E</geoCoordinate>
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], E. Haug coll.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8EEA398C0DCD343" blockId="18.[151,1437,1055,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8EEA398C0B7D288" bold="true" box="[198,415,1242,1268]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Other specimens.</emphasis>
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We examined 14 other specimens from Odzala National Park (specimen list provided in the section "additional material examined"). A list of additional specimens examined from Lower
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<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701CB459BD05A242C4AAD366" box="[1325,1410,1280,1306]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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is given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701CB459B8D5A267C0D9D343" box="[253,497,1317,1343]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Lavoue, S., Hopkins, C. D. & Kamdem Toham, A. (2004) The Petrocephalus (Pisces, Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) of Gabon, Central Africa, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema, 26, 511 - 535." type="journal article">
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Lavoué
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B974A267C0BFD342" box="[348,407,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701CB459B8EEA208C57ED0F3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB459B8EEA208C57ED0F3" blockId="18.[151,1437,1055,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8EEA208C06ED318" bold="true" box="[198,326,1354,1380]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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We prepared the following diagnosis using all the specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459BC74A209C411D318" box="[1116,1337,1354,1380]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459BC74A209C543D318" box="[1116,1131,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459BC54A209C411D318" box="[1148,1337,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">microphthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that we examined, regardless their geographic origins.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459BAEAA232C518D3F5" box="[706,1072,1392,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459BAEAA232C518D3F5" box="[706,1072,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459B8BFA2D7C017D3D2" box="[151,319,1429,1454]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8BFA2D7C017D3D2" box="[151,319,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in Central Africa by the following combination of characteristics. Short dorsal fin with only 18 or fewer branched rays (range 15–18). Long anal fin with 23–27 branched rays. Eye small (4.0 ≤ HL/ ED, range = 4.1–4.8). Mouth moderately wide (3.5 ≤ HL/MW ≤ 4.9). Only 9–11 teeth in the upper jaw, 14–20 teeth in the lower jaw. Absence of black pigment patches, except for a characteristic black blotch on the anterior dorsal fin rays near the origin of this fin. Body silvery/purplish, iridescent. Electroreceptors on the head are not clustered into "rosettes" but, instead, appear as isolated receptor pores. EOD of normal polarity with two main phases and, in Odzala, a third minute phase of very low amplitude.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701CB45EB8EEA1D8C1CBD73B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701CB458B8EEA1D8C4B4D195" blockId="18.[151,1437,1055,2015]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,1887,2025]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459B8EEA1D8C077D0C8" bold="true" box="[198,351,1690,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric ratios and meristic data for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BB81A1D8C538D0C8" box="[937,1040,1690,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701CB459BC42A1D8C592D0C8" box="[1130,1210,1690,1716]" name="Gabon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the non-type specimens (from Odzala and Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701CB459BA60A182C3B7D0A6" box="[584,671,1728,1754]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
) are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BFC1F6701CB459BB5CA182C2E7D0A6" box="[884,975,1728,1754]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,375,399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1530]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Principal morphometric ratios and meristic counts for the holotype (MNHN 1908 - 211), three specimens from Odzala (CU 87938, CU 87940, CU 88003) and 36 specimens from Gabon of Petrocephalus microphthalmus Pellegrin, 1908. (Abbreviations: m = male; Std – Dev = standard deviation; Min – Max = minimum – maximum)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42A4C5701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF42A4C5701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. However, the following description is based only on the Odzala specimens we examined, except where we make separate reference to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BD06A1A7C4B0D083" box="[1326,1432,1765,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. With a maximum observed standard length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC559A8701CB459BAE1A048C21DD158" box="[713,821,1802,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.91" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="59.1">59.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in Odzala National Park,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459BC5AA049C47AD158" box="[1138,1362,1803,1828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459BC5AA049C47AD158" box="[1138,1362,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest species in the diverse Odzala assemblage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701CB459BB23A072C29BD135" box="[779,947,1840,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701CB459BB23A072C29BD135" box="[779,947,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Body ovoid, longer than high (2.6 ≤ SL/ H ≤ 2.8,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459B929A017C040D113" box="[257,360,1877,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 2.7) and laterally compressed. Head length between 3.8 and 4.0 times in standard length (average = 3.9,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459B979A038C090D1E8" box="[337,440,1914,1940]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 4.0). Snout short (5.2 ≤ HL/SNL ≤ 6.4, average = 5.8,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BC48A038C5EFD1E8" box="[1120,1223,1914,1940]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 4.6) and round. Mouth small (3.6 ≤ HL/MW ≤ 4.2, average = 3.9,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BAD1A0E2C24AD1C6" box="[761,866,1952,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 3.8), opening under the eye. Teeth small and bicuspid, 9–11 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459B97BA087C094D1A3" box="[339,444,1989,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 10) in a single row in the upper jaw, 14–16 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701CB459BBCDA087C566D1A3" box="[997,1102,1989,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 20) in a single row in the lower jaw. Dorsal and anal fins originate in the posterior half of the body (SL/PDD = 1.5 and SL/PAD = 1.7). Pre-dorsal distance slightly greater than pre-anal distance (PDD/PAD ≈ 1.1). Dorsal fin with 16–18 branched rays (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701DB458B8FFA0E8C017D1B8" box="[215,319,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 16). Anal fin with 26–27 branched rays (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701DB458BB13A0E8C28BD1B8" box="[827,931,1962,1988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 25). Scales cover the entire body, except for the head. Lateral line visible and complete with 34 to 35 pored scales along its length (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701DB458BCC8A08DC463D195" box="[1248,1355,1999,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 36).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF42A4C5701DB458B8BFA1D0C453D155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197596/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[208,1379,194,1660]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701DB458B8BFA1D0C453D155" blockId="19.[151,1436,1682,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701DB458B8BFA1D0C031D0D6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1682,1706]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701DB458B937A1D0C343D0D5" box="[287,619,1682,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701DB458B937A1D0C343D0D5" box="[287,619,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701DB458B888A1B0C19AD175" box="[160,178,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
|
||
= number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FB8BFA7DAC019D73B" blockId="20.[151,1438,152,327]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Eight to 10 scales between the anterior base of the anal fin and the lateral line. Twelve scales around the caudal peduncle. Skin on head thick, becoming opaque with formalin fixation, containing numerous Knollenorgan electroreceptors that do not form "rosettes" in their typical positions. Instead, Knollenorgans appear as isolated receptor pores in the skin covering the head, the character state observed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701AB45FB8BFA66FC006D73B" box="[151,302,301,327]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mormyrinae">Mormyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF42A4C5701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3" ID-Table-UUID="DF42A4C5701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42A4C5701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1530]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FB8BFA635C583D7B3" blockId="20.[151,1436,375,570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701AB45FB8BFA635C020D7F3" bold="true" box="[151,264,375,399]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal morphometric ratios and meristic counts for the holotype (MNHN 1908-211), three specimens from Odzala (CU 87938, CU 87940, CU 88003) and 36 specimens from Gabon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701AB45FBBF6A6DAC1F8D7B3" authority="Pellegrin, 1908" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1908" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701AB45FBBF6A6DAC405D7D3" box="[990,1325,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
Pellegrin, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (Abbreviations: m= male; Std–Dev= standard deviation; Min–Max= minimum–maximum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FBA16A6A8C59CD783" blockId="20.[151,1436,375,570]" box="[574,1204,490,511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701AB45FBA16A6A8C3BFD783" box="[574,663,490,511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Specimens Specimens from
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FBA16A545C599D460" blockId="20.[151,1436,375,570]" box="[574,1201,519,540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
(m)* from Odzala
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701AB45FBC30A545C570D460" box="[1048,1112,519,540]" name="Gabon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ogooué
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FBA99A567C580D446" blockId="20.[151,1436,375,570]" box="[689,1192,549,570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(n=3) River) (n=36)*</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FBA99A50FC476D386" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<table id="F93D06ED701A4BB4B8BFA50FC4B4D386" box="[151,1436,589,1530]" gridcols="6" gridrows="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA50FC4B4D41E" box="[151,1436,589,610]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A50FC239D41E" box="[689,785,589,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Min–Max</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA50FC250D41E" box="[834,888,589,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA50FC550D41E" box="[933,1144,589,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Std–Dev Min–Max</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A50FC426D41E" box="[1240,1294,589,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A50FC4B4D41E" box="[1344,1436,589,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Std–Dev</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA537C4B4D4F6" box="[151,1436,629,650]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA537C340D4F6" box="[151,616,629,650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Standard length (mm) 73.7</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A537C239D4F6" box="[689,785,629,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">51.8–59.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA537C250D4F6" box="[834,888,629,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">54.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA537C550D4F6" box="[933,1144,629,650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.8 52.1–69.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A537C426D4F6" box="[1240,1294,629,650]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">59.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A537C4B4D4F6" box="[1344,1436,629,650]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA5DFC4B4D4CE" box="[151,1436,669,690]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA5DFC340D4CE" box="[151,616,669,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Head length (mm) 18.3</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A5DFC239D4CE" box="[689,785,669,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13.4–14.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA5DFC250D4CE" box="[834,888,669,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA5DFC550D4CE" box="[933,1144,669,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.8 14.0–16.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A5DFC426D4CE" box="[1240,1294,669,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A5DFC4B4D4CE" box="[1344,1436,669,690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA5AFC4B4D57E" box="[151,1436,749,770]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA5AFC340D57E" box="[151,616,749,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ratio of standard length (SL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA457C4B4D556" box="[151,1436,789,810]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA457C340D556" box="[151,616,789,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/body height (H) 2.7</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A457C239D556" box="[689,785,789,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.6–2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA457C250D556" box="[834,888,789,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA457C550D556" box="[933,1144,789,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1 2.7–3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A457C426D556" box="[1240,1294,789,810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A457C4B4D556" box="[1344,1436,789,810]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA47FC4B4D52E" box="[151,1436,829,850]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA47FC340D52E" box="[151,616,829,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/head length (HL) 4.0</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A47FC239D52E" box="[689,785,829,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.8–4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA47FC250D52E" box="[834,888,829,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA47FC550D52E" box="[933,1144,829,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1 3.6–4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A47FC426D52E" box="[1240,1294,829,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A47FC4B4D52E" box="[1344,1436,829,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA427C4B4D506" box="[151,1436,869,890]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA427C340D506" box="[151,616,869,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/pre-dorsal distance (PDD) 1.5</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A427C239D506" box="[689,785,869,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.5–1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA427C250D506" box="[834,888,869,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA427C550D506" box="[933,1144,869,890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.0 1.5–1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A427C426D506" box="[1240,1294,869,890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A427C4B4D506" box="[1344,1436,869,890]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA4CFC4B4D5DE" box="[151,1436,909,930]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA4CFC340D5DE" box="[151,616,909,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/pre-anal distance (PAD) 1.7</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A4CFC239D5DE" box="[689,785,909,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.7–1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA4CFC250D5DE" box="[834,888,909,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA4CFC550D5DE" box="[933,1144,909,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.0 1.6–1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A4CFC426D5DE" box="[1240,1294,909,930]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A4CFC4B4D5DE" box="[1344,1436,909,930]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA4F7C4B4D5B6" box="[151,1436,949,970]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA4F7C340D5B6" box="[151,616,949,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/anal fin length (AFL) 5.4</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A4F7C239D5B6" box="[689,785,949,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.0–5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA4F7C250D5B6" box="[834,888,949,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA4F7C550D5B6" box="[933,1144,949,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2 4.9–6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A4F7C426D5B6" box="[1240,1294,949,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A4F7C4B4D5B6" box="[1344,1436,949,970]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA49FC4B4D58E" box="[151,1436,989,1010]" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA49FC340D58E" box="[151,616,989,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/dorsal fin length (DFL) 3.3</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A49FC239D58E" box="[689,785,989,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.3–3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA49FC250D58E" box="[834,888,989,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA49FC550D58E" box="[933,1144,989,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.0 3.2–3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A49FC426D58E" box="[1240,1294,989,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A49FC4B4D58E" box="[1344,1436,989,1010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA347C4B4D266" box="[151,1436,1029,1050]" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA347C340D266" box="[151,616,1029,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/caudal peduncle length (CPL) 5.5</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A347C239D266" box="[689,785,1029,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.5–5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA347C250D266" box="[834,888,1029,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA347C550D266" box="[933,1144,1029,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2 4.4–5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A347C426D266" box="[1240,1294,1029,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A347C4B4D266" box="[1344,1436,1029,1050]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA36FC4B4D23E" box="[151,1436,1069,1090]" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA36FC340D23E" box="[151,616,1069,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SL/mouth width (MW) 15.4</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A36FC239D23E" box="[689,785,1069,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14.2–16.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA36FC250D23E" box="[834,888,1069,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA36FC550D23E" box="[933,1144,1069,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.1 13.7–19.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A36FC426D23E" box="[1240,1294,1069,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A36FC4B4D23E" box="[1344,1436,1069,1090]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA33FC4B4D2EE" box="[151,1436,1149,1170]" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA33FC340D2EE" box="[151,616,1149,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ratio of head length (HL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA3E7C4B4D2C6" box="[151,1436,1189,1210]" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA3E7C340D2C6" box="[151,616,1189,1210]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/snout length (SNL) 4.6</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A3E7C239D2C6" box="[689,785,1189,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.2–6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA3E7C250D2C6" box="[834,888,1189,1210]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA3E7C550D2C6" box="[933,1144,1189,1210]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.6 4.1–6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A3E7C426D2C6" box="[1240,1294,1189,1210]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A3E7C4B4D2C6" box="[1344,1436,1189,1210]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA38FC4B4D29E" box="[151,1436,1229,1250]" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA38FC340D29E" box="[151,616,1229,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/mouth width (MW) 3.8</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A38FC239D29E" box="[689,785,1229,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.6–4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA38FC250D29E" box="[834,888,1229,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA38FC550D29E" box="[933,1144,1229,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.3 3.5–4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A38FC426D29E" box="[1240,1294,1229,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A38FC4B4D29E" box="[1344,1436,1229,1250]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA3B7C4B4D376" box="[151,1436,1269,1290]" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA3B7C340D376" box="[151,616,1269,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/eye diameter (ED) 4.8</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A3B7C239D376" box="[689,785,1269,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.0–4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA3B7C250D376" box="[834,888,1269,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA3B7C550D376" box="[933,1144,1269,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2 4.1–4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A3B7C426D376" box="[1240,1294,1269,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A3B7C4B4D376" box="[1344,1436,1269,1290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA25FC4B4D34E" box="[151,1436,1309,1330]" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA25FC340D34E" box="[151,616,1309,1330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/interorbital width (IOW) 2.6</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A25FC239D34E" box="[689,785,1309,1330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.6–3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA25FC250D34E" box="[834,888,1309,1330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA25FC550D34E" box="[933,1144,1309,1330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.3 2.0–2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A25FC426D34E" box="[1240,1294,1309,1330]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A25FC4B4D34E" box="[1344,1436,1309,1330]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA207C4B4D326" box="[151,1436,1349,1370]" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA207C340D326" box="[151,616,1349,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/head width (HW) 1.7</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A207C239D326" box="[689,785,1349,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.6–2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA207C250D326" box="[834,888,1349,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA207C550D326" box="[933,1144,1349,1370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2 1.7–2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A207C426D326" box="[1240,1294,1349,1370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A207C4B4D326" box="[1344,1436,1349,1370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA22FC4B4D3FE" box="[151,1436,1389,1410]" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA22FC340D3FE" box="[151,616,1389,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HL/mouth position (MP) 3.4</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A22FC239D3FE" box="[689,785,1389,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.6–4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA22FC250D3FE" box="[834,888,1389,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA22FC550D3FE" box="[933,1144,1389,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.3 2.8–3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A22FC426D3FE" box="[1240,1294,1389,1410]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A22FC4B4D3FE" box="[1344,1436,1389,1410]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA2FFC4B4D3AE" box="[151,1436,1469,1490]" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA2FFC340D3AE" box="[151,616,1469,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ratio of caudal peduncle length (CPL):</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA2A7C4B4D386" box="[151,1436,1509,1530]" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA2A7C340D386" box="[151,616,1509,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CPL/caudal peduncle depth (CPD) 2.9</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A2A7C239D386" box="[689,785,1509,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.7–2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB6AA2A7C250D386" box="[834,888,1509,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BB8DA2A7C550D386" box="[933,1144,1509,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.0 2.6–3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A2A7C426D386" box="[1240,1294,1509,1530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BD68A2A7C4B4D386" box="[1344,1436,1509,1530]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701AB45FBA99A177C0D9D1A8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<table id="F93D06ED701A4BB4B8BFA177C409D1A8" box="[151,1313,1589,2004]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA177C409D036" box="[151,1313,1589,1610]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A177C2A4D036" box="[689,908,1589,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Min–Max Median</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A177C550D036" box="[1048,1144,1589,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Min–Max</th>
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A177C409D036" box="[1240,1313,1589,1610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Median</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA11FC409D00E" box="[151,1313,1629,1650]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA11FC37ED00E" box="[151,598,1629,1650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Meristic counts:</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA1C7C409D0E6" box="[151,1313,1669,1690]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA1C7C37ED0E6" box="[151,598,1669,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dorsal fin branched rays (DR) 16</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A1C7C2A4D0E6" box="[689,908,1669,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16–18 17</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A1C7C550D0E6" box="[1048,1144,1669,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15–18</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A1C7C409D0E6" box="[1240,1313,1669,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA1EFC409D0BE" box="[151,1313,1709,1730]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA1EFC37ED0BE" box="[151,598,1709,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anal fin branched rays (AR) 25</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A1EFC2A4D0BE" box="[689,908,1709,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">26–27 27</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A1EFC550D0BE" box="[1048,1144,1709,1730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">23–27</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A1EFC409D0BE" box="[1240,1313,1709,1730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA197C409D096" box="[151,1313,1749,1770]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA197C37ED096" box="[151,598,1749,1770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Number of scales in the lateral line (SLL) 36</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A197C2A4D096" box="[689,908,1749,1770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">34–35 35</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A197C550D096" box="[1048,1144,1749,1770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">33–36</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A197C409D096" box="[1240,1313,1749,1770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA1BFC409D130" box="[151,1313,1789,1868]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA1BFC37ED130" box="[151,598,1789,1868]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Number of scale rows between the 10 anterior base of the anal fin and the lateral line (SDL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A1BFC2A4D130" box="[689,908,1789,1868]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">8–10 9</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A1BFC550D130" box="[1048,1144,1789,1868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">8–10</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A1BFC409D130" box="[1240,1313,1789,1868]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA01DC409D108" box="[151,1313,1887,1908]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA01DC37ED108" box="[151,598,1887,1908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Number of teeth in the upper jaw (TUJ) 10</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A01DC2A4D108" box="[689,908,1887,1908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9–11 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A01DC550D108" box="[1048,1144,1887,1908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9–11</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A01DC409D108" box="[1240,1313,1887,1908]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA0C5C409D1E0" box="[151,1313,1927,1948]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA0C5C37ED1E0" box="[151,598,1927,1948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Number of teeth in the lower jaw (TLJ) 20</th>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BA99A0C5C2A4D1E0" box="[689,908,1927,1948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14–16 15</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BC30A0C5C550D1E0" box="[1048,1144,1927,1948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76DC9F73701A4BB4BCF0A0C5C409D1E0" box="[1240,1313,1927,1948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350DF60F701A4BB4B8BFA0FFC409D1A8" box="[151,1313,1981,2004]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76DC9F73701A4BB4B8BFA0FFC37ED1A8" box="[151,598,1981,2004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
*Data from Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701AB45FB946A0FFC08CD1A8" box="[366,420,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701BB45EB8EEA7D5C1CBD73B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1298]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8EEA7D5C0A4D6CD" bold="true" box="[198,396,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Live coloration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701BB45EB98DA7DAC0DBD6CE" box="[421,499,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Petrocephalus microphthalmus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Body generally blue-gray, with the dorsum darker than the abdomen. Numerous chromatophores occur below the skin surface. This species can appear metallic blue to violet depending on the angle and intensity of illumination. The color is especially intense on the operculum. The fins are translucent except for the first dorsal fin rays, which are black near their insertion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBCDAA64AC1FFD73B" author="Lavoue" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Hopkins, C. D. & Kamdem Toham, A. (2004) The Petrocephalus (Pisces, Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) of Gabon, Central Africa, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema, 26, 511 - 535." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBD7FA64AC4BCD75D" box="[1367,1428,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701BB45EB8EEA610C5D5D24E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701BB45EB8EEA610C009D430" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1298]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8EEA610C077D710" bold="true" box="[198,351,338,364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701BB45EB947A610C09BD710" box="[367,435,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[169,1408,388,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,383,1536]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Africa (right) showing the entire Congo River and its main tributaries together with the neighboring Lower Guinea province (first inset at center). The boundary between the Congo and Lower Guinea provinces is shown by a dashed line. Filled black circles indicate type localities for all Petrocephalus species that were described from either province and were considered valid just prior to the present study. Exact type localities are unknown for P. b a l a y i and P. sauvagii. Based on our understanding of the chronology of Central African exploration at the time of the descriptions, we estimate these type localities to be the following: the vicinity of Pool Malebo on the Lower Congo River near the modern cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa [4.25 ° S, 15.29 ° E] for P. sauvagii; and the vicinity of the present-day city Lambaréné on the Lower Ogooué River [0.7 ° S, 10.22 ° E] for P. b a l a y i. Second inset at the far left: detailed map of Odzala National Park, located in the Congo River basin. Within the boundaries of the park, forest is shown in green and savannah in yellow. The red oval indicates our collection area (a segment of the Lékoli drainage system, including the lower parts of two of its tributaries, the Pandaka and Lékénie Rivers)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197590/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBA6EA610C3BCD710" box="[582,660,338,364]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBB37A610C25CD710" box="[799,884,338,364]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
provinces.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701BB45EBBD3A610C540D710" box="[1019,1128,338,364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBC86A610C428D710" box="[1198,1280,338,364]" name="Gabon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Abundant in Odzala, where we collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EB9CCA63AC396D7ED" box="[484,702,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB9CCA63AC396D7ED" box="[484,702,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in small tributary creeks flowing through forest. Elsewhere in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EB8ECA6DFC03BD7CB" box="[196,275,413,439]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
basin it is present in the Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBAB0A6DFC3CFD7CB" box="[664,743,413,439]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
River in the vicinity of Brazzaville. In the Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBD6EA6DFC4B4D7CB" box="[1350,1436,413,439]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
province this species is widespread throughout the entire Ogooué and Ntem basins in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBCEEA680C433D7A0" box="[1222,1307,450,476]" name="Gabon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including streams and lakes associated with main river channels (e.g., Lac Zilé). It can also be found along the coastal region from the Sanaga River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBA28A54FC356D45B" box="[512,638,525,551]" name="Cameroon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in the north to the more southern Niari-Kouilou River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBD3BA54FC038D430" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701BB45EB8EEA515C5D5D24E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1298]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8EEA515C0D7D40D" bold="true" box="[198,511,599,625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Electric organ discharge</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1306E8C8701BB45EBA3AA51AC374D40E" box="[530,604,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1682,1706]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[208,1379,194,1660]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Petrocephalus microphthalmus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBAA2A51AC2D2D40D" box="[650,1018,600,625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBAA2A51AC2D2D40D" box="[650,1018,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces EODs of short duration, which are typical of the entire genus. No sex differences have yet been reported in any population. Similar EOD durations have been observed in the Odzala population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBB88A5E0C5A8D4C7" box="[928,1152,674,699]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBB88A5E0C5A8D4C7" box="[928,1152,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[range = 0.252 – 0.511 msec;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EB8CBA58AC0FFD49E" box="[227,471,712,738]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB96BA58AC056D49D" box="[323,382,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and among conspecifics from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBB61A58AC2BFD49E" box="[841,919,712,738]" name="Gabon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
[range = 0.380 – 0.561 msec;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBD29A58AC1C6D57B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Hopkins, C. D. & Kamdem Toham, A. (2004) The Petrocephalus (Pisces, Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae) of Gabon, Central Africa, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema, 26, 511 - 535." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBD49A58AC4B4D49D" box="[1377,1436,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. A relatively long, slow rise characterizes the initial part of the first head-positive phase in EODs recorded from the Odzala population, often resulting in a shoulder early during the waveform’s head-positive rise to P1, the first main peak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBA28A47AC3C3D52E" author="Lavoue" box="[512,747,824,850]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBA49A47AC3B4D52D" box="[609,668,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The early head-positive rise and shoulder are very low in amplitude, however, such that they may only be apparent at high amplifier gain. These subtle waveform features appear to be uncommon in EODs of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBADCA4C0C2B4D5E7" box="[756,924,898,923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBADCA4C0C2B4D5E7" box="[756,924,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. A similar slow rise (and shoulder) preceding P1 has been recorded among a small number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBB78A4EAC503D5BD" box="[848,1067,936,961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBB78A4EAC503D5BD" box="[848,1067,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32AB4DD701BB45EBD28A4EAC47AD5BE" box="[1280,1362,936,962]" name="Gabon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but it seems to be much less common than in Odzala. Additional statistics for waveform landmarks and other EOD measurements for the Odzala population are provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBB5CA4B0C555D270" box="[884,1149,1010,1036]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBBF3A4B0C534D277" box="[987,1052,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on histological examination, electrocytes are known to be
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701BB45EBAA5A35AC3E8D24E" box="[653,704,1048,1074]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
NPp (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBB22A35AC2DAD24E" author="Lavoue" box="[778,1010,1048,1074]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lavoue, S., Arnegard, M. E., Sullivan, J. P. & Hopkins, C. D. (2008) Petrocephalus of Odzala offer insights into evolutionary patterns of signal diversification in the Mormyridae, a family of weakly electrogenic fishes from Africa. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 102, 322 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Lavoué
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBB43A35AC28ED24D" box="[875,934,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBBD6A35AC5D9D24E" author="Sullivan" box="[1022,1265,1048,1074]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Sullivan, J. P., Lavoue, S. & Hopkins, C. D. (2000) Molecular systematics of the African electric fishes (Mormyroidea: Teleostei) and a model for the evolution of their electric organs. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 665 - 683." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Sullivan
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBC4FA35AC58AD24D" box="[1127,1186,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327A7C6701BB45EB8EEA37FC035D36E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B82F44D701BB45EB8EEA37FC035D36E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1298]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8EEA37FC068D22B" bold="true" box="[198,320,1085,1111]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EB962A37FC392D22A" box="[330,698,1085,1110]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB962A37FC392D22A" box="[330,698,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBB8AA37FC440D22B" authority="Poll, 1954" authorityName="Poll" authorityYear="1954" box="[930,1384,1085,1111]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBB8AA37FC5C9D22A" box="[930,1249,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
Poll, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EB8BFA321C234D200" authority="Boulenger, 1912" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,796,1122,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="catostoma" subSpecies="haullevillii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8BFA321C363D200" box="[151,587,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus catostoma haullevillii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC89BC701BB45EBA7BA320C234D200" author="Boulenger" box="[595,796,1122,1148]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) Poissons recueillis dans la region du Bas-Congo par le Dr. W. J. Ansorge. Annales du Musee du Congo, Zoologie, 2, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBB0FA321C5B0D200" box="[807,1176,1123,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBB0FA321C5B0D200" box="[807,1176,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petrocephalus microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EB8BFA3CAC06ED2DD" box="[151,326,1160,1185]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EB8BFA3CAC06ED2DD" box="[151,326,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by the shape of the caudal peduncle: in the Odzala specimens its length is only 2.7 times (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54864AEF701BB45EB8C7A3EFC04AD2BB" box="[239,354,1197,1223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 2.9 times) its depth, versus 3.4–3.7 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBBE4A3EFC5A0D2BA" box="[972,1160,1197,1222]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBBE4A3EFC5A0D2BA" box="[972,1160,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We did not find any unambiguous morphological differences with which to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBBF2A391C5E8D290" box="[986,1216,1235,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBBF2A391C5E8D290" box="[986,1216,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. microphthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D8FCE701BB45EBCD6A391C03ED36D" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="catostoma" subSpecies="haullevillii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949285F701BB45EBCD6A391C03ED36D" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. catostoma haullevillii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |