119 lines
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119 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="20A96C95D0539DBE03EE6A330B44FE99" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180665" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa1062d4-1333-4041-ac8a-d68ef00ba902" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180665" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459812319203" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A. & Shelley, Rowland M." docDate="2008" docId="7A6887C88840A71EFF3EFBAFEDC1FB79" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01693p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1693" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Macrosternodesmidae Brolemann 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="8651FFB08841A71CFFA9FFDDED0EFF01" masterDocTitle="Cave millipeds of the United States. VI. Sequoiadesmus krejcae, n. gen., n. sp., from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidea, Macrosternodesmidae)." masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698221095678" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5657E3AE1B7335BD4A0FF78821274852">Cave millipeds of the United States. VI. Sequoiadesmus krejcae, n. gen., n. sp., from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidea, Macrosternodesmidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA0B35289B80AFB6414A29A6731B1A34">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B3E4B02397806A31DFA746FEDCD84275" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A230EA9D8BEA7FFB0644ED7D370D454E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6FB0C25F1E3C680246CB627263A4E1F2">Shelley, Rowland M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C0A81D1E4D4E039D07AA822E5C876AE6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2B8C4B027F976A5AC620C8C4919E492C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8502C62AAA0B212AE9C6F7C57D662B3D">
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<mods:date id="EA1CDD5A676464486053BEDF8F36EFF9">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EB2CCE0CA0A290FCC0E00E2BD802F5ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="545E1DE519909471F1E9EDA75FAA1E03">1693</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="983B95DB959FFC18CC4F044E3239B95A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="984665F027D00EAC4586C56CF7D45C97" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180665</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E26EAC94834BCA4DCB652E870ED7672" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="76666780BB200E5DF47FFB057A97AE19" type="Zenodo-Dep">180665</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7A6887C88840A71EFF3EFBAFEDC1FB79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119354060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A6887C88840A71EFF3EFBAFEDC1FB79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A6887C88840A71EFF3EFBAFEDC1FB79" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="BADB65558840A71DFF3EFBAFEFEFFB8D" box="[151,737,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8840A71DFF3EFBAFEFEFFB8D" blockId="1.[151,737,1138,1164]" box="[151,737,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="A93681B28840A71DFF3EFBAFEFEFFB8D" bold="true" box="[151,737,1138,1164]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8840A71DFF3EFBAFEFEFFB8D" bold="true" box="[151,737,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFF5FFBAFEFEFFB8D" ID-CoL="7NJMF" authority="Brolemann 1916" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1916" box="[246,737,1138,1164]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macrosternodesmidae Brölemann 1916</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BADB65558840A71DFF3EFB60EFD1F96B" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8840A71DFF3EFB60EFD1F96B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1213,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8840A71DFF3EFB60EC1EFBD6" bold="true" box="[151,272,1213,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(adapted from that of
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8840A71DFDBEFB60EE3DFBD6" author="Shear" box="[535,819,1213,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2007) The milliped genus Tidesmus Chamberlin, 1943 (Polydesmida: Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1656, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear and Shelley 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). Trichopolydesmoidea
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<quantity id="35399B3B8840A71DFBE5FB60E9B2FBD6" box="[1100,1212,1213,1239]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 mm</quantity>
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long but occasionally growing to ca.
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<quantity id="35399B3B8840A71DFEDEFB38ECC7FBFE" box="[375,457,1253,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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long, with 20 segments including epiproct; collum narrower than head, not overlapping epicranium; metaterga with transverse sulci and three or four rows of variably rounded to subconical pustules giving rise to clavate setae; paranota small but distinct; male prefemora swollen and convex dorsally; sphaerotrichomes present on at least ambulatory tibiae and tarsi. Gonopodal aperture large, completely filling metazonite, not extending onto prozonite but sometimes spreading caudad between 9th legs. Gonocoxae large, completely filling respective halves of aperture, excavated mediad to accommodate telopodites; prefemora horizontal or angling ventromediad, giving rise to acropodite and additional projection homologous to process B of
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFF7EF9DDECADF91B" box="[215,419,1536,1562]" class="Diplopoda" family="Nearctodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nearctodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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(terminology of
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8840A71DFDDBF9DDEE21F91B" author="Shelley" box="[626,815,1536,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Shelley, R. M. (1994) The milliped family Nearctodesmidae in northwestern North America, with accounts of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin (Polydesmida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72, 470 - 495." type="journal article" year="1994">Shelley (1994))</bibRefCitation>
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; distal zone variably configured, sometimes folded, flattened, and not recognizable as such; solenomere long and narrow, arising subterminally, without hairpad and ampulla, prostatic groove opening terminally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BADB65558840A71EFF6FF9A5EDC1FB79" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8840A71DFF6FF9A5EEDAF8D3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1213,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8840A71DFF6FF9A5EC31F993" bold="true" box="[198,319,1656,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Because of the anatomical similarities between
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFC27F9A5E99FF993" box="[910,1169,1656,1682]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macrosternodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFB78F9A5E892F993" box="[1233,1436,1656,1682]" class="Diplopoda" family="Nearctodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nearctodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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and the tendency to assign small-bodied forms to the
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFCBCF97DEEB3F9BB" box="[789,957,1696,1722]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
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, it is appropriate to briefly compare and contrast these taxa. This is a purely heuristic enterprise to benefit North American workers who face the practical problem of diagnosing these three families. While the nearctodesmids and macrosternodesmids are presently placed in the superfamily Trichopolydesmoidea and the polydesmids in the Polydesmoidea, the difficulties inherent in separating them are formidable. This serves only to point to the necessity for a complete reexamination of family-level classification in the Infraorder Polydesmoides. Perhaps the greatest problem in such a project will be the vast numbers of described and undescribed genera from the tropics that are now routinely placed in the “wastebasket” taxon
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8840A71DFD7FF865EEDEF8D3" box="[726,976,1976,2002]" class="Diplopoda" family="Fuhrmannodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fuhrmannodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8843A71EFF6FFF45EFF0FEF0" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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In nearctodesmids, the gonocoxae are large and globular, closely appressed or fused caudally but narrowly separated anteriorly, and with limited, if any, mobility. The setose basal part of the telopodite (often, and probably correctly, referenced as the
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFD2CFF3AEFF5FE00" bold="true" box="[645,763,231,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">prefemur</emphasis>
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) is short, compact, and either angles ventromediad or is oriented transversely. Two elongated processes arise at or near the base of the
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFB8CFED2E9A4FE28" bold="true" box="[1061,1194,271,297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">acropodite</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFB12FECDE9F2FE28" box="[1211,1276,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8843A71EFAAAFECDE892FE2B" author="Shelley" box="[1283,1436,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Shelley, R. M. (1994) The milliped family Nearctodesmidae in northwestern North America, with accounts of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin (Polydesmida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72, 470 - 495." type="journal article" year="1994">Shelley 1994</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8843A71EFF60FEE5ECC1FE53" author="Shear" box="[201,463,312,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2007) The milliped genus Tidesmus Chamberlin, 1943 (Polydesmida: Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1656, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear & Shelley 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) and are designated
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFD6DFEEAEFD7FE50" bold="true" box="[708,729,311,337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFCBDFEEAEE29FE50" bold="true" box="[788,807,311,337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
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, the former being mesial to the latter. Both may bear teeth and/or subbranches, and A may be absent; we cannot determine whether this is a primitive condition or if the process has been lost. The
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFD82FE5AEFF6FEA0" bold="true" box="[555,760,391,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">prostatic groove</emphasis>
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originates in the prefemur, follows a curvilinear course along the acropodal surface, and terminates apically on the
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFCC9FE72E959FEC8" bold="true" box="[864,1111,431,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">solenomere branch.</emphasis>
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Distal to this branch is the apical part of the acropodite, termed the
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFDDBFE0AEFF0FEF0" bold="true" box="[626,766,471,497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">distal zone.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8843A71EFF6CFDDDEF6CFC5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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The gonopods of North American macrosternodesmids are similar to those of nearctodesmids. All known North American macrosternodesmids lack process A, but possess process B, which is generally longer and broader than in nearctodesmids. Its form and that of the acropodite differ significantly among species presently assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8843A71EFECFFDA5ECE6FD90" box="[358,488,632,657]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Chaetaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFECFFDA5ECE6FD90" box="[358,488,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Chaetaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8843A71EFD81FDA5EFB9FD93" author="Lewis" box="[552,695,632,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Lewis, J. J. (2002) Chaetaspis aleyorum, a new species of milliped from Tumbling Creek Cave, Missouri, with a synopsis of the cavernicolous species of Chaetaspis (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Myriapodologica, 7 (11), 101 - 111." type="journal article" year="2002">Lewis 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), which is probably why
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<bibRefCitation id="96504B2F8843A71EFC4AFDA5E9ACFD93" author="Hoffman" box="[995,1186,632,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1999) Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8, 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">Hoffman (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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contended that more than one genus is covered by this name. Numerous undescribed macrosternodesmids inhabit the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi Valley; without detailed knowledge of them, Hoffman’s suggestion, while plausible, cannot be evaluated. In some males of
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<taxonomicName id="35C14D5D8843A71EFD3CFD2EEE19FC0D" box="[661,791,755,780]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Chaetaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C0B5EACC8843A71EFD3CFD2EEE19FC0D" box="[661,791,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Chaetaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the 7th segment is markedly longer (perhaps twice so) than those to the anterior and posterior, and while a slight enlargement is evident in polydesmids, it is never as striking as that in macrosternodesmids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F27E36DE8843A71EFF6CFCB7EDC1FB79" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">In polydesmids, the prefemora lie parallel to each other along the body axis; the distal part of the telopodite is not bent, usually constitutes the anterior extremity of the gonopod, and often lies in a prozonal depression that may extend onto the 6th metazonite. Sternal lobes, which are absent from macrosternodesmids, may be present on segments 3–6 of male polydesmids. The prostatic groove, which is actually an internal canal, opens into a small chamber with an outlet pore flush on the acropodal surface that is usually surrounded by fine setae or finger-like cuticular projections, and often subtended by an acute, sometimes branched process.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |