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<document id="3D9E61B13E8997079E3D03387A7B3427" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c81249cc-265d-41cd-809d-74da9f8324d6" ID-PMC="PMC6656982" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-67" ID-PubMed="31363344" ID-ZooBank="128BC1830A6A423488931CBD2D2AF962" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 860" ModsDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" checkinTime="1562310429444" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="6BD8C88F42F2527E38B230CEA981EB38" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 67-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" docTitle="Muricea plantaginea Valenciennes 1846" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FC39FFCAFFF7185C9E0D0A1A2F0D8028" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1701315585746" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4274AD0BA1B06905687C7421D1DC6658">A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD26918B8F5770A3713129B339900D77">Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="64C9C5B06F577A285D00A9B6E996C4C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EBDEA01F6451147C89245F6B921CA6CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="B8BD374CAD28C12FA9A6B14A375DFE90" ID-CoL="44MSK" authority="Valenciennes, 1846" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Muricea plantaginea (Valenciennes, 1846)</taxonomicName>
Figure 42
<normalizedToken id="5440D2A67D05443E600EC83BA46A2902" originalValue="A–K">A-K</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DEE5646EC6D123EFE2A0EFEC1093DDAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B545675A86E79919CA53FFD70B5A7219" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="412697F2CA8A8CB2F0ED01DEE32881B4" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Gorgonia plantaginea</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1846: pl 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A604F8665CF823F4B7BD17ED0A467D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
nec
<taxonomicName id="3EC2C4368B707D83B2FFF80E11AD700C" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Gorgonia plantaginea</taxonomicName>
Lamarck, 1815: 163.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAA85917ECC9CE28296F65E756FB541D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
nec
<taxonomicName id="2F01B9608B9702334B905A6D585B419B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Eunicea plantaginea</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1855: 13;
<bibRefCitation id="2E4003D0B31FDCE368678898DF2A1792" author="Milne Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History London" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11911" year="1857">Milne Edwards and Haime 1857</bibRefCitation>
: 146, 151.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B0C19B6C2B2161E83B42C265759779D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="C74B1951CBB392D4033535D5E1832021" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea tabogenesis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tabogenesis">Eunicea tabogenesis</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860: 17; 1864 [1866]: 111.
<bibRefCitation id="F91028C0B97F8381D5C8232DC09C0439" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Company, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">
<normalizedToken id="21C1452CAE61A5CCF1163B6CEB77176B" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 145.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D84E018941E993572301DF6AAEA0DDD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="ED0EDB31CF88417A53BE5BDB8FE96E39" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea ransoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ransoni">Eunicea ransoni</taxonomicName>
Stiasny, 1937: 331, 334-336, figs 5, 6, 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C3F610661F49391D1237A3BA3F964D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
?
<taxonomicName id="050765A9360B7E3C17A3514B1773FA5D" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea appressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="appressa">Muricea appressa</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1864: 37 [January]; 1866: 329; 1868a: 412; 1869a: 444-446; pl VIII, fig. 13.
<bibRefCitation id="6BAC39C26F9F93865D40ED642D9188DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken id="8D7B15B4D119AFCA1F672142A65BD2C6" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752;
<bibRefCitation id="596128B84EDFAD15F195912EBADC16E1" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Company, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
: 145. Reiss 1929: 390-391.
<bibRefCitation id="3089A4066DC34204CAE8EEAFB556C0DA" author="Hardee, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="127 - 140" title="Redescription and taxonomic comparison of three eastern Pacific species of Muricea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39810558" volume="95" year="1996">Hardee and Wicksten 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 132-136 (syn. n).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B35F1354223EB73960A52677016AE2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="207D83CA290A33EFF697F1958C8ECA62" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea appressa var. flavescens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="appressa" variety="flavescens">Muricea appressa var. flavescens</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869a: 446.
<bibRefCitation id="3C29CA5C12E52A469D9152B521598862" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken id="8887F02D5F7D78F91E3C57F16F21BD82" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752;
<bibRefCitation id="FF7B033657285856C23852D6ECC4F1EB" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Company, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">
<normalizedToken id="11F8B91C4B1F8B0785685EF4BCC4B832" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 145 (syn. nov.).
<bibRefCitation id="D79012537C65A46DBE7667B28812C939" author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="325 - 422" title="Papers from Dr Theodor Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galapagos Islands and one from Trinidad." volume="85" year="1928">Hickson 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 371-372. Reiss 1929: 389-390.
<bibRefCitation id="6DFD6BAC68DFE5F53181A943966CA0FC" author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher="Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den Dansk Naturhistoriske Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="59 - 103" title="Gorgonaria von Panama. Aus der Sammlung Dr Theodor Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen." volume="107" year="1943">Stiasny 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 72-74.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042DC5FB45F37481CE61278D388C3F64" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="039981F730560CBF83CFD74DECC0ADA9" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Muricea plantaginea</taxonomicName>
Lamarck, 1836: 333.
<bibRefCitation id="783AC4C87F89C119DF4C0DBE685BF350" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 69" title="A revision of the genus Muricea Lamouroux, 1821 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the eastern Pacific. Part II." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910" volume="581" year="2016 b">
Breedy and
<normalizedToken id="CD8889948A3289AC8527FBA5004EEF5C" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
: 25-32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E56F9F74D92C5AF573AB54D23EFBFDAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="BE337E4016937802C988A682821975DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea californica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">Muricea californica</taxonomicName>
Aurivillius, 1931: 111-114 [according to Grigg, 1977: 280, after Grigg, 1970: xiv, 20, 25, 207].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1338710902F806B4EA27E522083D04A" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="72D5397467C9E67E4A981D7C143F4D1C" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea tenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenella">Muricea tenella</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869a: 446-448.
<bibRefCitation id="FAD4979CFAA00EA4038861B1BBE87FF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken id="C5E3DCED9957B4316BE92853F2526122" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752;
<bibRefCitation id="1A062C451903CDAAA48F4563EF2BE4C0" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Company, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
: 145.
<bibRefCitation id="76FD47765E09AEC4704CBE0A44B00C82" author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="325 - 422" title="Papers from Dr Theodor Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galapagos Islands and one from Trinidad." volume="85" year="1928">Hickson 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 371-372. Reiss 1929: 389-390.
<bibRefCitation id="A1C4A781847747C06A3EF06C6935E2DD" author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher="Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den Dansk Naturhistoriske Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="59 - 103" title="Gorgonaria von Panama. Aus der Sammlung Dr Theodor Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen." volume="107" year="1943">Stiasny 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 72-74.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0C301B9836B4E777A96DE80843771781" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="3BDCEC673910AE591684CDA80AB7B1D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6ADECE1F2CF2D6730FE2699508B138C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Holotype
<normalizedToken id="38E47A5BB1BA9412875E7CDD471C3D6A" originalValue="Mazatlán">Mazatlan</normalizedToken>
, Mexico, Voyage sur la
<normalizedToken id="1B8949B25C72A50159012C11B90AE051" originalValue="Frégate">Fregate</normalizedToken>
La
<normalizedToken id="FCF3F12F561EDF17BF9A9DFF6105E571" originalValue="Vénus">Venus</normalizedToken>
, MA Du Petit Thouars, 1836-1839. Also, Peru, Tumbes Department, Zorritos, 3-5 fm [6-9 m]. Specimen from NMNH (USNM 33585, and many others) collected in the North Pacific, Panama.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52D5841E8EF4EC89A4428D8356E8EAEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type specimens">
<paragraph id="D35D41702DDC794CB5DC95E74B7ED64D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA34CB8FE089DF03D59FCB44414BB91E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Syntype YPM 1616A of
<taxonomicName id="78C03BEC66C8A94CD8E2FCD8017A041B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea appressa var. flavescens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="appressa" variety="flavescens">Muricea appressa var. flavescens</taxonomicName>
. As well, housed at NMNH, USNM 33585, listed as a Syntype, with SEM image #2517; [dry]. Syntype specimen at NMNH was examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA5817D47E2CB9F3F088ACD04B7CE3FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4601319498B969FAB674C54AF5B5A7D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A2DCB2F66823FCE43901778138190E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A number of lots housed in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 1: List of material examined).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D04F069F1F1D8CFBB0594F61A053421B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="30A365DCD146929AAC53D49E5980CB9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2E806A13BA702C0D6649B7D56C36699" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Included here is a brief commentary on this species, and an SEM plate (Figure 42
<normalizedToken id="4A68CE0219D49D24B5155B314868780E" originalValue="A–K">A-K</normalizedToken>
) is provided as a means of comparison, because as
<bibRefCitation id="D09C85469B5AF749232EDDDE0D056F61" author="Grigg, RW" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="278 - 290" title="Population dynamics of two gorgonian corals." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1935603" volume="58" year="1977">Grigg (1977)</bibRefCitation>
stated &quot;this could be synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="71BF97C769387F14DA7CECA0D46BDE09" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
.&quot; However, the work of
<bibRefCitation id="59A6621B88CD65F1FDFF69B671D78C95" author="Hardee, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="127 - 140" title="Redescription and taxonomic comparison of three eastern Pacific species of Muricea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39810558" volume="95" year="1996">Hardee and Wicksten (1996)</bibRefCitation>
led them to conclude that M
<taxonomicName id="09F7EE104286FB8A4D74B9F9EE7608F4" genus="Holaxonia" lsidName="Holaxonia appressa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="appressa">appressa</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="B51BD6336ED1D95E11B70DB2F9118209" lsidName="M. plantaginea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="plantaginea">M. plantaginea</taxonomicName>
) is not synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="D1394C8269958736A1FD4496AC73E830" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
. Based on my own observations and research,
<taxonomicName id="7748C9A5E207D1D8B0BD8A56BB2296B7" lsidName="M. appressa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="appressa">M. appressa</taxonomicName>
is more likely to be found south of the California Bight (Baja, CA Sur, Ecuador,
<normalizedToken id="350A9F44C60FDE82CA3713544A720FE4" originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
, etc.).
<bibRefCitation id="E36A32F6ABF22CBB8CF08CA7F8753A5F" author="Johnson, ME" journalOrPublisher="MacMillan and Company, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast." year="1927">Johnson and Snook (1927)</bibRefCitation>
made mention of storm-washed living specimens of
<taxonomicName id="ACF56EE26ABCB5902281D50386F5E7DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Eunicea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunicea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eunicea</taxonomicName>
Lamouroux, 1816 (but no reference to a species) with the living polyps yellowish white (the black and white photograph of a specimen shown in that volume looked most like a somewhat worn specimen of either
<taxonomicName id="F93BCDA70E6167C54079E3C5ABF9FF65" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
, or perhaps
<taxonomicName id="3945C3553727547177667D498D248A3F" lsidName="M. fruticosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="fruticosa">M. fruticosa</taxonomicName>
typical). While those identified as
<taxonomicName id="3A66A72E0C886FAA039A13FE3DA14990" lsidName="M. appressa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="appressa">M. appressa</taxonomicName>
in the SBMNH collection generally seemed more prickly in overall appearance (as compared to
<taxonomicName id="AA0D369490067B765FD14FB7D5476C64" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
), along with slightly smaller-diameter branches, any cursory visual inspection of gorgonian specimens from this genus could misidentify species. A more intentional study of calyx shape along with further comparisons of sclerites from freshly collected specimens over the total range of the Bight to clarify the possible synonymy of this species with
<taxonomicName id="1669D03E4558335BD50F683152B007AE" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea californica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">Muricea californica</taxonomicName>
is underway. I am inclined to keep
<taxonomicName id="056F5CEC507D8694257765EE03783614" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea appressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="appressa">Muricea appressa</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="1BCDA48E3DF802FEDF795C22371C3CED" lsidName="M. plantaginea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="plantaginea">M. plantaginea</taxonomicName>
) a separate species while this further study is being conducted.
</paragraph>
<caption id="56BB4AFDA8315BCFBC703693CF7E0196" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<paragraph id="AD975060C3381C2DABB878811A35ED67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Figure 42.
<taxonomicName id="81F0EC990291DD722586CBC344B19146" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">Muricea plantaginea</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="48B4247AFE4C4FBFFC1CA09816BD93F8" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea appressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="appressa">Muricea appressa</taxonomicName>
), SBMNH 422909 (Ecuador) and SBMNH 422417 (Baja CA Sur). Image included for comparison between sclerites found in
<taxonomicName id="EEEC42B21D26E50D487DFC1F7D61FD64" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
and those seen in
<taxonomicName id="EA7940523870071FB924EC8156F18B62" lsidName="M. plataginea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="plataginea">M. plataginea</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="CABCC6BA83F0894B5B8B7B65699C1A3C" lsidName="M. appressa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="appressa">M. appressa</taxonomicName>
Breedy &amp;
<normalizedToken id="7ACB988593EC549017D8F0480CE97424" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
, 2016]. SEM image.
<normalizedToken id="D91072183E9D1BEA0FD95C5B07E90A7E" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
SBMNH 422909 (
<normalizedToken id="A1BA88CC11B40313C86AD53A3450E344" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
);
<normalizedToken id="3254278DA1AFF0848270125F908E349B" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
Calycular/coenenchymal sclerites A Elongated, jagged spindles B Small torch-type C Rounded, stout torches D Shorter, jagged spindles (axial sheath) E Unilateral spinous spindle F A second unilateral spinous form tending to torch shape
<normalizedToken id="5AABC5AAD4D88AD69048254349D2D1B7" originalValue="G–K">G-K</normalizedToken>
SBMNH 422417 Calycular and coenenchymal sclerites G Fan-shaped sclerite H Large, truncated unilateral spinous spindles I Stout prickly spindle J Rounded, unilateral spinous type K Torch-types typical of
<taxonomicName id="EB7C4A40B110BFDB0950EB46DF35942F" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
. Compare sclerites
<normalizedToken id="E5F7953732F58F5EAB874A32C0703905" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
with those shown in Breedy and
<normalizedToken id="EF78B292B4B4382482C3DAC6C098BA3A" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
2016 (fig. 15, for
<taxonomicName id="CEA58048C32CA734F4BCBCCAF2B0A522" lsidName="M. plantaginea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="plantaginea">M. plantaginea</taxonomicName>
) and sclerites
<normalizedToken id="EBA786168BDF523E885D13078846753A" originalValue="G–K">G-K</normalizedToken>
with those shown in Breedy and
<normalizedToken id="8EE128E39D51E5934B549A29737F32F4" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
2016 (fig. 21, for
<taxonomicName id="5FF1ABF8080545C2F7B75720A235BDA8" lsidName="M. californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="californica">M. californica</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A5777C56E758B3A288136E6278DE3045" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Several additional locations were noted for this species in
<bibRefCitation id="7A8D9FD09BFC870056D7F29CA1838212" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="29 - 60" title="List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations." url="https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_33759_listofthepolyps" volume="1" year="1864">
<normalizedToken id="FA97DDD9A5B08EFFE316FFF667C85911" originalValue="Verrill’s">Verrill's</normalizedToken>
(1864
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F408EE9E93BDD3030E9B4072D7CE0DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1869a</bibRefCitation>
) description:
<normalizedToken id="DA03EFA941EEEDDD37589FD657EB7995" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
and the Pearl Islands, in pools at extreme low water; ex. FH Bradley; also, JH Sternbergh and FH Bradley. Also, records from Nicaragua, Corinto; ex. JA McNiel and from Mexico, La Paz; ex. J Pedersen. Note that all of these locations lie well south of the California
<normalizedToken id="5768851A548AC5F42CF09A7F78FB3F5A" originalValue="Bight’s">Bight's</normalizedToken>
southern boundary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A01377027C967318744682FBC31C73F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Compounding the confusion surrounding
<taxonomicName id="867575CF5A62E64A179F81C066CD1802" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricea</taxonomicName>
species, particularly in the southern portion of
<normalizedToken id="12C73C618099B6C700B8D744019BB876" originalValue="California’s">California's</normalizedToken>
geographical range, is that in the following description of
<taxonomicName id="5EC42A622DC804C3CB81150CC0B3D6EF" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea fruticosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Muricea fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, two very distinct colony forms must be mentioned: that which looks very much like the typical
<taxonomicName id="87D9A25FB28BE298943066DFA76B2CD0" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea californica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">Muricea californica</taxonomicName>
(the typical colony shape, albeit with white polyps, according to most encountering it in the field) and that with a far smaller, stiffer, shorter-branched cespitose or fruticose bushy shape, a distinctly different variant of
<taxonomicName id="DB16DA9B3E3C4CA033DBE953895942D0" lsidName="M. fruticosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="fruticosa">M. fruticosa</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="6FAC2933C040927AAB6AAD5471D0256E" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" year="1868 a">Verrill (1868a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1D441D1494C4AD75EC9983A6DD450EF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1869a</bibRefCitation>
). As this latter variant is not encountered in the southern California Bight it is not discussed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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