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<document id="F610098F12490A75E944E22286F06109" ID-CLB-Dataset="27704" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c828ed56-5b75-4093-afdf-994576a03ccb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617781" ID-ZooBank="2A1736C7-FB28-4C8E-9954-B17BA60B6E57" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553928300641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tanaka, Hayate, Wakabayashi, Kaori &amp; Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2019" docId="6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4543.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4543 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fibularia japonica , Shigei 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="970A2D4DDD230D23FFDCBF1DC6400E33" masterDocTitle="A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1702000608589" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="0BEEDD17B9FB6AB60E58806EFF699AD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="3199B0BAABA3FC249A5E45608167C70E">A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D72BFB674D7476FC886E0201500096D9">Tanaka, Hayate</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5CBECD98BB2BBEE79B253AAB5E8EA69">Wakabayashi, Kaori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59FCA73D6BF38BB6753198222E94B96A">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="52DA81CB1E93C74B1CFF61EF79A0F3EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0E434E7CF9443D26EA730778D670B3FF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="775010EC05D3CF7448DBFDAC53625962">
<mods:date id="3F59D9966BE7BEECFC83F2691DF90B96">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC6719EFB8F4F3267C64EECF224E96E5">2019-01-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="284AF4AD4CDBA94C6413F22B7591BF42">4543</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A3A627104C5EFBB44128BC3693CF3891">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="03F58D29BFB2D7EBF6FA5B74EACECF59">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B14A683D64D48BE08886CEC2813FD585" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4562873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4562873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D28FF4BBECAC5730C20" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBECAC4580FC1" blockId="11.[151,881,471,567]" box="[151,536,471,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<heading id="B86D534FDD280D28FF4BBECAC4580FC1" bold="true" box="[151,536,471,498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD280D28FF4BBECAC4580FC1" authority="Shigei, 1982" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,536,471,498]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBECAC4580FC1" bold="true" box="[151,536,471,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBECAC73A0FC2" bold="true" box="[151,378,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FE5DBEC5C4580FC1" author="Shigei, M." box="[385,536,472,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBEE6C5730C20" blockId="11.[151,881,471,567]" box="[151,819,506,531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
[Japanese name:
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD280D28FE8ABEE7C7DC0C20" box="[342,412,506,531]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Nihon</collectingCountry>
mame-uni (named by
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FD46BEE7C5640C20" author="Shigei, M." box="[666,804,506,531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" refId="ref10304" refString="Shigei, M. (1986) The Sea Urchins of Sagami Bay. Maruzen, Tokyo, 173 pp." type="book" year="1986">Shigei 1986</bibRefCitation>
)]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D28FF4BBD03C4F80C4F" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBD03C5310C04" blockId="11.[151,881,471,567]" box="[151,881,542,567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FF4BBD03C6A50C04" box="[151,229,542,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Increase of pore number in petal III through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica). X-mark in F. japonica indicates the paratype of F. japonica re-identified as F. coffea (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617789/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FF2DBD03C7410C04" box="[241,257,542,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,778,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1403,772,1301]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Increase of gonopore diameter (GD) through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617793/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FED1BD02C7090C04" box="[269,329,543,567]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStart-3="FIGURE 12" captionStart-4="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetBox-1="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetBox-2="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetBox-3="[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetBox-4="[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." captionText-3="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, region posterior to periproct; B, primary spine from region posterior to periproct; C, tip of primary spine type shown in A and B. White arrows indicate spatula-shaped primary spines." captionText-4="FIGURE 13. Live specimen of Fibularia japonica (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, enlarged view of aboral surface of anterior ambulacrum. White arrow indicates black pigments." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2617805/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2617807/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">9–13</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD280D28FE88BD03C7F20C04" box="[340,434,542,567]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD280D28FE63BD02C7900C04" box="[447,464,543,567]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1301,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Tabular key to the species of Fibularia. See Figure 2C, D for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD2B0D2BFF4BBA08C3070B1F" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD2B0D2BFF4BBA08C3070B1F">2</tableCitation>
; Electronic Supplementary
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD280D28FCDBBD03C52B0C04" box="[775,875,542,567]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Table S1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBD7AC4F80C4F" blockId="11.[151,1437,614,728]" box="[151,696,614,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C38AC30DDD280D28FF4BBD7AC4F80C4F" box="[151,696,614,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD280D28FF4BBD7AC6B80C4F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,248,615,636]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBD7AC6B80C4F" box="[151,248,615,636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fibularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.—
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FEB9BD7BC4520C4F" author="Shigei, M." box="[357,530,614,636]" page="202" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FEB9BD7BC7A30C4F" author="Shigei, M." box="[357,483,614,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="191 - 241" refId="ref10201" refString="Shigei, M. (1981) A study on the echinoid fauna of the East China Sea and the coastal waters of southern Korea, Kyushu, Ryukyu, and Taiwan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 26, 191 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176013" type="journal article" year="1981">Shigei 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 202
</treatmentCitation>
(probably part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D28FF4BBD98C57D0CEB" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBD98C4A00CA8" blockId="11.[151,1437,614,728]" box="[151,736,645,667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C38AC30DDD280D28FF4BBD98C4A00CA8" box="[151,736,645,667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD280D28FF4BBD98C4430CA8" authority="Shigei, 1982: 11" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,515,645,667]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBD98C7170CA8" box="[151,343,645,667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FE81BD98C4430CA8" author="Shigei, M." box="[349,515,645,667]" page="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FE81BD98C7A10CA8" author="Shigei, M." box="[349,481,645,667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–16, figs. 1–48 (part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBDB9C57D0CEB" blockId="11.[151,1437,614,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C38AC30DDD280D28FF4BBDB9C57D0CEB" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD280D28FF4BBDB9C4490C89" authority="Shigei 1986: 116" authorityName="Shigei" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,521,676,698]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBDB9C7170C8A" box="[151,343,676,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FE80BDB9C4490C89" author="Shigei, M." box="[348,521,676,698]" page="116" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FE80BDB9C7990C89" author="Shigei, M." box="[348,473,676,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" refId="ref10304" refString="Shigei, M. (1986) The Sea Urchins of Sagami Bay. Maruzen, Tokyo, 173 pp." type="book" year="1986">Shigei 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–117, Pl. 92, figs. 4–9;
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FD2EBDB9C5EB0C89" author="Schultz, H." box="[754,939,676,698]" page="321" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FD2EBDB9C5390C89" author="Schultz, H." box="[754,889,676,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" refId="ref10142" refString="Schultz, H. (2005) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. Heinke &amp; Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2005">Schultz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 321
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 602;
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FBCDBDB9C2FE0C89" author="Shigei, M." box="[1041,1214,676,698]" page="318" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FBCDBDB9C2CD0C89" author="Shigei, M." box="[1041,1165,676,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="305 - 327" refId="ref10325" refString="Shigei, M. (2006) A systematical study on the echinoids (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, 41, 305 - 327." type="journal article" year="2006">Shigei 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 318
</treatmentCitation>
–319;
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD280D28FB20BDB9C6A00CEB" author="Yoshigou, H." page="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FB20BDB9C3D80C89" author="Yoshigou, H." box="[1276,1432,676,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="33 - 40" refId="ref10429" refString="Yoshigou, H. (2009) The Fibulariidae (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) collected from sea sand of factory materials (In Japanese). Hibakagaku, 231, 33 - 40." type="journal article" year="2009">Yoshigou 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
–36, pl. 1, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD280D28FE53BDDFC42C0CEB" author="Gomez, C. &amp; Mooi, R." box="[399,620,706,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="264" refId="ref9590" refString="Gomez, C. &amp; Mooi, R. (2015) New fossil and extant species of Fibularia illuminate evolution of the most highly miniaturized &quot; sand dollars &quot;. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 55, 264. [E 264]" type="journal article" year="2015">Gomez &amp; Mooi 2015</bibRefCitation>
: poster presentation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D28FF4BBC18C36B0B6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF4BBC18C4C90A51" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF4BBC18C7C10D2D" bold="true" box="[151,385,773,798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FE55BC18C6920D55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524905" collectingDate="1926" collectingDateMax="1978" collectingDateMin="1926" collectionCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG" collectorName="K. Aoki &amp; J. Deguchi &amp; T. Sekimoto &amp; H. Suzuki &amp; M. Shigei" location="Misaki Marine Biological Station" municipality="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD280D28FE55BC18C7B60D2D" box="[393,502,773,798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FDDDBC1BC4C40D2D" box="[513,644,773,798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="B33C4C58DD280D28FD53BC18C5E80D2D" box="[655,936,773,798]" collectionCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T</specimenCode>
, denuded test, off
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FBA5BC18C6A90D71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FBA5BC18C6A90D71" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Misaki Marine Biological Station" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Misaki Marine Biological Station</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD280D28FF2ABC34C7C20D71" box="[246,386,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, sublittoral zone, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FD57BC37C4AB0D71" box="[651,747,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">K. Aoki</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FD24BC37C5360D71" box="[760,886,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">J. Deguchi</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FC58BC37C2520D71" box="[900,1042,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">T. Sekimoto</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FBC3BC37C2D50D71" box="[1055,1173,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">H. Suzuki</collectorName>
, and
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FB09BC37C3080D71" box="[1237,1352,809,834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">M. Shigei</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FA8ABC34C6920D55" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1926" valueMax="1978">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FA8ABC34C6920D55" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1926" valueMax="1978">1926– 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FF01BC53C2BC0DB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524740" collectingDate="1979-07-04" collectorName="H. Suzuki &amp; Sekimoto, K." elevation="45" latitude="35.141666" location="Futamachiya" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="139.58333" municipality="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD280D28FF01BC53C70F0D55" box="[221,335,846,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FE86BC53C79D0D55" box="[346,477,845,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-18T, dead test,
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FC5CBC53C5FA0D55" box="[896,954,845,870]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FC35BC50C23C0D55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FC35BC50C23C0D55" box="[1001,1148,845,870]" latitude="35.141666" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="139.58333" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Futamachiya" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Futamachiya</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD280D28FB55BC50C3510D55" box="[1161,1297,845,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FAFDBC50C3D80D55" box="[1313,1432,845,870]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="92" value="35.141666">35°08.5′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FF4BBC6CC7580DB9" box="[151,280,881,906]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="92" value="139.58333">139°35.0′E</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FEA8BC6CC7F10DBA" box="[372,433,881,906]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="45.0">
<elevation id="68B70310DD280D28FEA8BC6CC7F10DBA" box="[372,433,881,906]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FE25BC6FC42D0DB9" box="[505,621,881,906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">H. Suzuki</collectorName>
, M.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FD7FBC6CC57A0DBA" box="[675,826,881,906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sekimoto, K.</collectorName>
Shimazaki, and M. Shigei,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FBA6BC6FC2BC0DB9" box="[1146,1276,881,906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1979-07-04">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FBA6BC6FC2BC0DB9" box="[1146,1276,881,906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1979-07-04">4 Jul. 1979</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FAD6BC6CC21D0DE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524920" collectingDate="1926" collectingDateMax="1978" collectingDateMin="1926" collectionCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG" collectorName="K. Aoki &amp; J. Deguchi &amp; T. Sekimoto &amp; H. Suzuki &amp; M. Shigei" location="Misaki Marine Biological Station" municipality="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FAD6BC6CC3D80DB9" box="[1290,1432,881,906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="B33C4C58DD280D28FF4BBC8BC7EF0D9D" box="[151,431,918,942]" collectionCode="UMUTZ-Ecn-SG" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T</specimenCode>
No. 2–6, 8, dead tests, off
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FD25BC88C23F0D9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FD25BC88C23F0D9D" box="[761,1151,917,942]" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Misaki Marine Biological Station" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Misaki Marine Biological Station</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD280D28FB52BC88C35B0D9D" box="[1166,1307,917,942]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, sublittoral zone, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FECABCA7C7350DE1" box="[278,373,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">K. Aoki</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FE5EBCA7C7BF0DE1" box="[386,511,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">J. Deguchi</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FDD0BCA7C4DA0DE1" box="[524,666,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">T. Sekimoto</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FD7BBCA7C55C0DE1" box="[679,796,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">H. Suzuki</collectorName>
, and
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FC86BCA7C58D0DE1" box="[858,973,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">M. Shigei</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FC07BCA4C21D0DE1" box="[987,1117,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1926" valueMax="1978">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FC07BCA4C21D0DE1" box="[987,1117,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1926" valueMax="1978">1926–1978</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FBB6BCA7C7520A29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524865" collectingDate="1963-02-14" collectorName="T. Kikuchi" country="Japan" elevation="30" location="Tomioka" municipality="Amakusa" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kumamoto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FBB6BCA7C2AE0DE1" box="[1130,1262,953,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-19T, dead test,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FE4EBCC0C7B80DC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FE4EBCC0C7B80DC5" box="[402,504,989,1014]" country="Japan" municipality="Amakusa" name="Tomioka" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" stateProvince="Kumamoto">Tomioka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD280D28FDDABCC0C4300DC5" box="[518,624,989,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Amakusa</collectingMunicipality>
group,
<collectingRegion id="215E2AC1DD280D28FD17BCC3C5890DC5" box="[715,969,989,1014]" country="Japan" name="Kumamoto" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Kumamoto Prefecture</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD280D28FC0ABCC3C2590DC6" box="[982,1049,990,1013]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Japan</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FBB3BCC3C2EC0DC6" box="[1135,1196,990,1014]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="68B70310DD280D28FBB3BCC3C2EC0DC6" box="[1135,1196,990,1014]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FB2ABCC3C3320DC5" box="[1270,1394,989,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">T. Kikuchi</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FA5CBCC3C7520A29" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1963-02-14">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FA5CBCC3C7520A29" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="1963-02-14">14 Feb. 1963</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FEF9BB1CC2B00A2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524739" box="[293,1264,1025,1050]" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="26" stateProvince="Kumamoto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FEF9BB1CC7880A29" box="[293,456,1025,1050]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
, UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-20T, dead tests,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FC4FBB1CC2640A29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FC4FBB1CC2640A29" box="[915,1060,1025,1050]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" stateProvince="Kumamoto">Sagami Bay</location>
, sublittoral zone
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FADFBB1FC5380A0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524871" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Kumamoto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FADFBB1FC3D80A29" box="[1283,1432,1025,1050]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-21T, dead tests,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FDE9BB38C4FD0A0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FDE9BB38C4FD0A0D" box="[565,701,1061,1086]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" stateProvince="Kumamoto">Sagami Bay</location>
, sublittoral zone
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FC58BB3BC4C90A51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524903" collectorName="Y. Okada." country="Japan" location="Suruga Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kumamoto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FC58BB3BC2450A0D" box="[900,1029,1061,1086]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-22T, dead test,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FF4BBB57C75B0A51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FF4BBB57C75B0A51" box="[151,283,1098,1122]" country="Japan" name="Suruga Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" stateProvince="Kumamoto">Suruga Bay</location>
, sublittoral zone, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FDC6BB57C4C90A51" box="[538,649,1097,1122]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Y. Okada.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF1BBB73C7740B25" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
Non-type specimens:
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FE18BB70C4BA0A99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524872" collectingDate="2014-01-23" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="H. Tanaka" elevation="74" latitude="35.155003" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.58665" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="45">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FE18BB70C4220AB5" box="[452,610,1133,1158]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">45 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="858B7CE6DD280D28FDAEBB73C4800AB5" box="[626,704,1134,1158]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-10389, dead tests,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FC1FBB70C20F0AB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FC1FBB70C20F0AB5" box="[963,1103,1133,1158]" latitude="35.155003" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.58665" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FBBFBB70C2AB0AB5" box="[1123,1259,1133,1158]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="35.155003">35°09′18″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FB20BB70C3D00AB5" box="[1276,1424,1133,1158]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="139.58665">139°35′12″E</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FF01BB8FC76D0A9A" box="[221,301,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="74.1">
<elevation id="68B70310DD280D28FF01BB8FC76D0A9A" box="[221,301,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="74.1">74.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dredging, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FE39BB8FC41B0A99" box="[485,603,1169,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">H. Tanaka</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FDBBBB8FC4BA0A99" box="[615,762,1170,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2014-01-23">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FDBBBB8FC4BA0A99" box="[615,762,1170,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2014-01-23">23 Jan. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FCDBBB8CC2AD0AFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524845" collectingDate="2014-01-23" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="H. Tanaka" elevation="74" latitude="35.155003" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.58694" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="6">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FCDBBB8CC5D30A99" box="[775,915,1169,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="858B7CE6DD280D28FC7CBB8FC5AE0A99" box="[928,1006,1170,1194]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-10390, whole, denuded, SEM stub,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FF4BBBA8C7620AFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FF4BBBA8C7620AFD" box="[151,290,1205,1230]" latitude="35.155003" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.58694" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FEE8BBA8C7FC0AFD" box="[308,444,1205,1230]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="35.155003">35°09′18″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FE17BBA8C41F0AFD" box="[459,607,1205,1230]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="139.58694">139°35′13″E</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FD62BBABC5500AFE" box="[702,784,1206,1230]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="74.1">
<elevation id="68B70310DD280D28FD62BBABC5500AFE" box="[702,784,1206,1230]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="74.1">74.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dredging, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FC12BBABC2070AFD" box="[974,1095,1205,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">H. Tanaka</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FB89BBABC2AD0AFD" box="[1109,1261,1206,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2014-01-23">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FB89BBABC2AD0AFD" box="[1109,1261,1206,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2014-01-23">23 Jan. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FB26BBA8C7710B25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524721" collectingDate="2012-03-14" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="S. Teruya" elevation="88" latitude="35.135834" location="Sagami Bay" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.57973" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="15">
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD280D28FB26BBA8C3D80AFD" box="[1274,1432,1205,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="858B7CE6DD280D28FF4BBBC7C6A50AC1" box="[151,229,1242,1266]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-10391, dead tests,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FE0FBBC4C41B0AC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FE0FBBC4C41B0AC1" box="[467,603,1241,1266]" latitude="35.135834" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.57973" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FDB5BBC4C4B30AC1" box="[617,755,1241,1266]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="35.135834">35°08′09″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD280D28FD21BBC4C5D10AC1" box="[765,913,1241,1266]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" precision="15" value="139.57973">139°34′47″E</geoCoordinate>
), depth
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FC35BBC4C2370AC2" box="[1001,1143,1241,1266]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.805" metricValueMax="8.86" metricValueMin="8.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="88.05" valueMax="88.6" valueMin="87.5">
<elevation id="68B70310DD280D28FC35BBC4C2370AC2" box="[1001,1143,1241,1266]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.805" metricValueMax="8.86" metricValueMin="8.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="88.05" valueMax="88.6" valueMin="87.5">87.5–88.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dredging, coll.
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD280D28FAF7BBC7C3D80AC1" box="[1323,1432,1242,1266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">S. Teruya</collectorName>
,
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FF4BBBE3C7710B25" box="[151,305,1278,1302]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2012-03-14">
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD280D28FF4BBBE3C7710B25" box="[151,305,1278,1302]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" value="2012-03-14">14 Mar. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF1BBA3FC3440B09" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" box="[199,1284,1313,1338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
One
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD280D28FF21BA3FC71D0B09" box="[253,349,1314,1338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7) was identified as
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD280D28FBD2BA3FC22F0B0A" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Wakabayashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1038,1135,1313,1337]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coffea">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FBD2BA3FC22F0B0A" box="[1038,1135,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">F. coffea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF1BBA58C36B0B6D" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" box="[199,1323,1349,1374]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF1BBA58C4580B6D" bold="true" box="[199,536,1349,1374]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD280D28FDC3BA58C36B0B6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524725" box="[543,1323,1349,1374]" collectionCode="NSMT" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1">
<accessionNumber id="FCC979C0DD280D28FDC3BA58C4D70B6D" box="[543,663,1349,1374]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/LC388936" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">LC388936</accessionNumber>
(non-type specimen:
<collectionCode id="858B7CE6DD280D28FC56BA5BC5980B6D" box="[906,984,1350,1374]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-10390,
<location id="E645B2F8DD280D28FB92BA58C2960B6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD280D33FF4BBECAC2830858:E645B2F8DD280D28FB92BA58C2960B6D" box="[1102,1238,1349,1374]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Sagami Bay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD280D28FB3EBA5BC3630B6D" box="[1250,1315,1350,1374]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Japan</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D28FF1BBA74C4B90821" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF1BBA74C4B90821" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF1BBA74C7F60BB1" bold="true" box="[199,438,1385,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
Test outline elliptical when viewed from above; height low; oral surface not depressed. Periproct outline round to oblong. Petaloid region large; number of pores in petal III up to 14 even in the specimens of TL&gt;
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FF29BAACC70E0BFA" box="[245,334,1457,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
. Diameter of genital pores equal to or larger than that of petaloid pores in mature individuals. Two hydropores opening in an irregularly-shaped groove. Black pigments not forming symmetric pentaradial in living animals. Spatula-like primary spines around periproct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD280D2CFF1BB900C77808DB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD280D28FF1BB900C54209F1" blockId="11.[151,1437,773,1986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD280D28FF1BB900C7190805" bold="true" box="[199,345,1565,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Description.</emphasis>
The test is very small (TL =
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FD70B903C5110805" box="[684,849,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.944999999999999" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="2.19" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="5.944999999999999" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="2.19">2.19–9.70 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FCB6B900C5F00805" box="[874,944,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), flattened (TH/TL = 0.49–0.80) (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FAE9B900C3CF0805" box="[1333,1423,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
), and elliptical when viewed from above (TW/TL = 0.67–0.83) (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FCB0B95CC5B50869" box="[876,1013,1601,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Figs. 9A, B</figureCitation>
). The test proportion hardly changes with the test growth (slope value is 1.0 between TW and TL, as well as between TH and TL in the allometry regression;
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD280D28FEC1B994C7330891" box="[285,371,1673,1698]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The oral surface is flattened. The aboral surface is slightly arched convex. There are no internal buttresses. Food grooves are absent (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FD1EB9B0C56308F5" box="[706,803,1709,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). The ambulacra are almost the same width as the interambulacra (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FE93B9CCC7D308D9" box="[335,403,1745,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
G–I). The height of both ambulacral and interambulacral plates are lower than the width at the ambitus (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FEF4B9E8C737093D" box="[296,375,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
Fig.
<date id="9724C2E3DD280D28FE80B9EBC737093D" box="[348,375,1782,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">9I</date>
</figureCitation>
). The petaloid region is large (PL/TL = 0.33–0.66, PW/TW = 0.28–0.51). The ratio of petaloid size to test size increases with the test grows (slope value is 1.1 between PL and TL, as well as between PW and TL in the allometry regression). Each petal is composed of two almost parallel series of pore pairs lying oblique, and crossing the ambulacral plates (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FE2BB87CC4110949" box="[503,593,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
). The number of pores of petal III, IV, and V increases up to 14, 12, and 14, respectively, before reaching TL = ca.
<quantity id="246249C6DD280D28FD88B89BC4D909AE" box="[596,665,1926,1950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, and hardly increases after that size has been reached (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD280D28FACEB898C31A09AD" box="[1298,1370,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Increase of pore number in petal III through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica). X-mark in F. japonica indicates the paratype of F. japonica re-identified as F. coffea (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617789/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The pores become larger towards the distal tip of the petals.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD2F0D2FFF4BB85FC77C09E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" startId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" targetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2F0D2FFF4BB85FC77C09E1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1858,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2F0D2FFF4BB85FC7530964" bold="true" box="[151,275,1858,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2F0D2FFEC7B85FC427096B" authority="Shigei, 1982" authorityName="Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[283,615,1858,1880]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2F0D2FFEC7B85FC79C096B" box="[283,476,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
Shigei, 1982
</taxonomicName>
. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD2E0D2EFF4BBB26C7DD0ABD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" startId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" targetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2EFF4BBB26C7DD0ABD" blockId="13.[151,1436,1083,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2E0D2EFF4BBB26C7620A63" bold="true" box="[151,290,1083,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2E0D2EFE0BBB26C5660A62" authority="Shigei, 1982" authorityName="Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[471,806,1083,1105]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2E0D2EFE0BBB26C4DA0A62" box="[471,666,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
Shigei, 1982
</taxonomicName>
(NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2EFF1BBBA6C74D0BBB" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
The peristome, situated at the anterior-posterior midpoint of the oral side, is small (SL/TL = 0.13–0.27, SW/ TW = 0.12–0.25) and slightly elongated antero-posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFCE4BBC2C59E0AC4" box="[824,990,1247,1272]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Figs. 9B, E, H</figureCitation>
). The ratio of peristome size to test size becomes smaller with the test grows (slope value is 0.7 between SL and TL, as well as between SW and TL in the allometry regression). Two buccal pores are situated in each ambulacrum at the edge of the peristome. Single sphaeridium is fully enclosed within the test, and in the sphaeridial chamber in each ambulacrum near the peristome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2EFF1BBA8EC36C082B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
The round to oblong shaped periproct is located halfway between the peristome and posterior margin of the test and is smaller than the peristome (AL/TL = 0.09–0.15, AW/TW = 0.09–0.16) (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFBD4BAAAC2EC0BFC" box="[1032,1196,1463,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Figs. 9B, E, H</figureCitation>
), and covered by 4–6 (usually 5) naked radiating periproctal plates. The ratio of periproct size to test size becomes smaller with the test grows (slope value is 1.0 between AL and TL, and 0.8 between AW and TL in the allometry regression).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2EFF1BB93EC7530927" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
The apical system is situated slightly anteriorly on the aboral surface (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFBDCB93EC2F5080F" box="[1024,1205,1571,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[190,1373,196,1796]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617799/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Figs. 9A, D, G</figureCitation>
). It consists of four genital pores, five ocular pores in small ocular plates, and two hydropores in a deep, irregularly-shaped groove (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFF43B976C77408B7" box="[159,308,1643,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Figs. 10A, B</figureCitation>
). The diameter of the genital pores (&lt;323 µm) is equal to or larger than that of the largest petaloid pores (&lt;ca. 200 µm) (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFE4CB992C4630894" box="[400,547,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Figs. 10A, B</figureCitation>
). There is a clear dimorphism in gonopore size (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFB9DB992C2C5089B" box="[1089,1157,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,778,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1403,772,1301]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Increase of gonopore diameter (GD) through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617793/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The gonopores open in specimens as small as TL =
<quantity id="246249C6DD2E0D2EFE0AB9A9C47D08F8" box="[470,573,1716,1740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.48" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="3.48">3.48 mm</quantity>
. The diameter of the ocular pores (ca. 40 µm) is much larger than that of the accessory pores (ca. 25 µm). Accessory pores are situated in oblique patches in the centers of ambulacral plates (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFF43B9E6C7460927" box="[159,262,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2EFF1BB802C5BD09F4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
The primary tubercles are hemispherical, crenulate, and perforate (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFC6FB802C25C0904" box="[947,1052,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). The diameters of oral and aboral primary tubercles are almost equal, ca. 150–200 µm. Their mamelons are constricted at the base. The miliary tubercles are hemispherical, poorly to non-crenulate, and indistinctly to non-perforate (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFBABB87AC2A1094C" box="[1143,1249,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). They scattered around the primary tubercles. The diameters of oral and aboral miliary tubercles are almost equal, ca. 50–60 µm. The glassy tubercles occur between primary and miliary tubercles (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFC5BB8B2C5B009F4" box="[903,1008,1967,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,199,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1334,196,1039]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2E0D2DFF1BB8CEC2F50FBB" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
The primary spines are ca. 350–450 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2E0D2EFCDFB8CEC51109DF" box="[771,849,2003,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Ai). The number of wedges in a primary spine is 8– 10, and each wedge has many small granules and a series of distinct denticles (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFBEABF8AC2D10E83" box="[1078,1169,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
Aii, Aiii). The primary spines around the peristome are slightly curved at their ends towards the peristome, and their shafts are somewhat broadened and flattened (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFE65BFC2C4600ECB" box="[441,544,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Approximately 10–20 primary spines in the region posterior to the periproct (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFF43BE19C7470F2F" box="[159,263,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, region posterior to periproct; B, primary spine from region posterior to periproct; C, tip of primary spine type shown in A and B. White arrows indicate spatula-shaped primary spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617805/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) are slightly shorter than the other primary spines. Distally, these spines are slightly flattened and bent over like a spatula (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFEAEBE3AC7960F73" box="[370,470,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, region posterior to periproct; B, primary spine from region posterior to periproct; C, tip of primary spine type shown in A and B. White arrows indicate spatula-shaped primary spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617805/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
) towards the anterior of the animal (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFCB1BE3AC5BF0F73" box="[877,1023,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[205,1388,625,1486]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, region posterior to periproct; B, primary spine from region posterior to periproct; C, tip of primary spine type shown in A and B. White arrows indicate spatula-shaped primary spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617805/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Figs. 12A, B</figureCitation>
). The miliary spines are ca. 250–350 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFEE2BE51C7D00F56" box="[318,400,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Ci). Each miliary spine has a terminal crown (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFC77BE51C5BB0F56" box="[939,1019,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Cii) and the number of wedges in a miliary spine is six. Each wedge has many small granules along its outer surface (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2D0D2DFBF7BE72C2390FBB" box="[1067,1145,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Ciii).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD2D0D2DFF4BB82DC2BA0991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" startId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" targetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2D0D2DFF4BB82DC2BA0991" blockId="14.[151,1436,1840,1954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2D0D2DFF4BB82DC75E0976" bold="true" box="[151,286,1840,1862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2D0D2DFE1BB82CC54D0975" authority="Shigei, 1982" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[455,781,1840,1862]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2D0D2DFE1BB82CC4680975" box="[455,552,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">Fibularia</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2D0D2DFDF2B82CC4C70975" box="[558,647,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">japonica</emphasis>
Shigei, 1982
</taxonomicName>
(NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF1BBF85C52E0F9E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
Two types of pedicellariae, ophicephalous and tridentate, are present (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFBCEBF8AC2F10E83" box="[1042,1201,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Figs. 11D, E</figureCitation>
). These three
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD2C0D2CFABDBF85C3DC0E83" box="[1377,1436,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">types</typeStatus>
pedicellariae occur on small tubercles similar to those of miliary spines. The ophicephalous pedicellariae (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFAB3BFA1C6870ECB" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
) are numerous and occur over the entire test surface. The head is ca. 80–100 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFB31BFC2C37D0ECB" box="[1261,1341,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Di), and consists of three valves that differ from each other in size and shape. The largest valve has a large, bilaterally symmetric handle. The medium-sized valve has a left-right asymmetric handle. The smallest valve has a small, bilaterally symmetric handle. Each valve has “intertwined loop” as described for
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2C0D2CFBEFBE50C2D30F57" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Wakabayashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1075,1171,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coffea">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFBEFBE50C2D30F57" box="[1075,1171,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">F. coffea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Each valve has 20–25 teeth, and each tooth has 1–2 denticles. The proximal end of the handle on the largest valve is inserted into a depression at the distal end of the pedicellarial stalk (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFD36BE89C5790F9E" box="[746,825,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Dii).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF1BBEAAC3640C2B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
The tridentate pedicellariae (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFDC9BEAAC43A0FE3" box="[533,634,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
) occur only around the peristome and periproct. These pedicellariae consist of a head with three slender valves (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFD5CBEC1C48E0FC6" box="[640,718,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
Fig.
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD2C0D2CFD68BEC1C48E0FC6" box="[692,718,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="egg">11</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
Ei), short neck, and stem. The valves possess ca. 11–20 teeth on the edge and without denticles (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFE27BEE2C41E0C2B" box="[507,606,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
). Some valves have ca. 1–4 teeth in the inner area (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFB42BEE2C2AC0C2B" box="[1182,1260,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Eiv).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF4BBD39C5610C0E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" box="[151,801,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">The accessory tube feet lack a calcareous disk or spicules.</paragraph>
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD2C0D2CFF4BBAF3C7910872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617805/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" startId="15.[151,250,1518,1540]" targetBox="[205,1388,625,1486]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF4BBAF3C7910872" blockId="15.[151,1436,1518,1601]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFF4BBAF3C75F0830" bold="true" box="[151,287,1518,1540]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2C0D2CFE14BAF3C54D0837" authority="Shigei, 1982" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[456,781,1518,1540]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFE14BAF3C4690830" box="[456,553,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fibularia</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFDF3BAF2C4C80837" box="[559,648,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">japonica</emphasis>
Shigei, 1982
</taxonomicName>
(NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, region posterior to periproct; B, primary spine from region posterior to periproct; C, tip of primary spine type shown in A and B. White arrows indicate spatula-shaped primary spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF1BB99AC77808DB" blockId="15.[151,1436,1671,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFF1BB99AC7500893" bold="true" box="[199,272,1671,1696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Color.</emphasis>
The color is white to yellow in life (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFD6AB99AC55D08AC" box="[694,797,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Live specimen of Fibularia japonica (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, enlarged view of aboral surface of anterior ambulacrum. White arrow indicates black pigments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) but changes to green when preserved in ethanol. Black pigments are distributed in speckles over the entire test (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD2C0D2CFCD5B9B6C52C08F7" box="[777,876,1707,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[195,1385,445,1282]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Live specimen of Fibularia japonica (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, enlarged view of aboral surface of anterior ambulacrum. White arrow indicates black pigments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
) and remain even after preservation. The denuded test is whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD2C0D2CFF1BB9EEC742094B" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF1BB9EEC2BC0903" blockId="15.[151,1436,1671,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFF1BB9EEC720093F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1779,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2C0D2CFEBBB9E9C7A40938" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[359,484,1780,1803]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFEBBB9E9C7A40938" box="[359,484,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far been recorded in Japanese waters, from Sagami Bay to Kyushu;
<quantity id="246249C6DD2C0D2CFAF0B9E9C3DC0938" box="[1324,1436,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 m</quantity>
in depth (
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD2C0D2CFEDCB80AC4700903" author="Shigei, M." box="[256,560,1815,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" refId="ref10304" refString="Shigei, M. (1986) The Sea Urchins of Sagami Bay. Maruzen, Tokyo, 173 pp." type="book" year="1986">Shigei 1986; present study</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD2C0D2CFD9FB80AC4A9091C" author="Schultz, H." box="[579,745,1815,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" refId="ref10172" refString="Schultz, H. (2009) Sea-Urchins II, Worldwide Irregular Deep Water Species. Heinke &amp; Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 365 pp." type="book" year="2009">Schultz (2009)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from also the
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD2C0D2CFBAAB80AC2B80903" box="[1142,1272,1815,1840]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D2CFF1BB826C742094B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1671,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFF1BB826C76A0967" bold="true" box="[199,298,1851,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Habitat.</emphasis>
Live specimens collected from sandy bottoms by dredging suggest that
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2C0D2CFBB3B821C2B00960" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[1135,1264,1852,1875]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFBB3B821C2B00960" box="[1135,1264,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits sandy substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD2C0D33FF1BB89EC2830858" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD2C0D33FF1BB89EC4450FBB" blockId="15.[151,1436,1671,2020]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFF1BB89EC77B09AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1923,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD2C0D2CFD79B899C59809AF" authority=", Shigei (1982)" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[677,984,1923,1948]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFD79B899C56709A8" box="[677,807,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">F. japonica</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD2C0D2CFCE6B89EC59809AF" author="Shigei, M." box="[826,984,1923,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei (1982)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
noted that “each pore series of petals consists of only 2–3 pore pairs in adult specimens, while
<quantity id="246249C6DD2C0D2CFCEEB8BAC53B09F3" box="[818,891,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
young specimens [
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD2C0D2CFB80B8B5C23B098C" box="[1116,1147,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">sic</emphasis>
].” His statement that the number of pores decreases with growth is erroneous because it always increases with growth in clypeasteroids (
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FF42BF8AC7730E83" author="Zachos, L. G." box="[158,307,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="151 - 179" refId="ref10463" refString="Zachos, L. G. (2015) Holistic morphometric analysis of growth of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Zootaxa, 4052 (2), 151 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.2.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Zachos 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and all other echinoids. As a result of the re-examination of the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FB3BBF84C3250E9C" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[1255,1381,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FB3BBF84C3250E9C" box="[1255,1381,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one of the
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD330D33FF3CBFA0C70B0EE6" box="[224,331,189,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7) showed the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FBD9BFA0C2260EE7" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Wakabayashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1029,1126,188,212]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coffea">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FBD9BFA0C2260EE7" box="[1029,1126,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. coffea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD330D33FB73BFA0C34F0EE6" box="[1199,1295,189,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen is
<quantity id="246249C6DD330D33FF4BBFFDC6BA0EC4" box="[151,250,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="4.11">4.11 mm</quantity>
in TL, has five pore pairs in each pore series (total 20 pores) in petal III (x-mark in
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FB79BFC2C2A90ECB" box="[1189,1257,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Increase of pore number in petal III through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica). X-mark in F. japonica indicates the paratype of F. japonica re-identified as F. coffea (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617789/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). We confirmed that the number of pores in petal III does not exceed
<quantity id="246249C6DD330D33FD3EBE19C55A0F2E" box="[738,794,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
any of the
<typeStatus id="3C215A81DD330D33FC4ABE18C2410F2E" box="[918,1025,261,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FBFABE18C2E30F2F" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[1062,1187,261,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FBFABE18C2E30F2F" box="[1062,1187,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We assumed that this relatively small specimen of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FE00BE34C47D0F73" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Wakabayashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[476,573,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coffea">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FE00BE34C47D0F73" box="[476,573,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. coffea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mixed in the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FC6FBE34C2700F0C" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[947,1072,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FC6FBE34C2700F0C" box="[947,1072,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, caused his strange statement in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FE74BE51C4740F57" author="Shigei, M." box="[424,564,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei 1982</bibRefCitation>
). True
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FD5DBE50C4BE0F57" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[641,766,333,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FD5DBE50C4BE0F57" box="[641,766,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species with less than 4 pore pairs in each pore series (a total of max. 16 pores per petal).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD330D33FF4BBA2CC5290B56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" startId="16.[151,250,1329,1351]" targetBox="[195,1385,445,1282]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF4BBA2CC5290B56" blockId="16.[151,1435,1329,1381]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BBA2CC75F0B75" bold="true" box="[151,287,1329,1351]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Live specimen of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FE00BA2CC4DC0B74" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[476,668,1329,1351]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FE00BA2CC4DC0B74" box="[476,668,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fibularia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, enlarged view of aboral surface of anterior ambulacrum. White arrow indicates black pigments.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF1BBAB6C2830858" blockId="16.[151,1437,1451,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FF1BBAB6C7210BF7" author="Shigei, M." box="[199,353,1451,1476]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei (1982)</bibRefCitation>
described a valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae that had no trace of intertwined loops (
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FA8FBAB6C77D0BD6" author="Shigei, M." pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei 1982: fig. 48</bibRefCitation>
). However, we observed that the valves of ophicephalous pedicellariae of
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FB3FBAD3C3290BD6" authorityName=", Shigei" authorityYear="1982" box="[1251,1385,1486,1509]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FB3FBAD3C3290BD6" box="[1251,1385,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by well-developed intertwined loops (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FCDBBAF3C51F0834" box="[775,863,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Di). Therefore, the valves of an ophicephalous pedicellaria do not separate from each other even after the soft tissues are removed by bleaching. The valve suggested to be from an ophicephalous pedicellaria illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FCA5B92CC22B087A" author="Shigei, M." box="[889,1131,1585,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref10258" refString="Shigei, M. (1982) A new species of the fibulariid sea-urchin, Fibularia japonica, from Japanese waters. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 27, 11 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176047" type="journal article" year="1982">Shigei (1982: fig. 48)</bibRefCitation>
is more similar to that of a tridentate pedicellaria (
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FE46B94FC7BD0858" box="[410,509,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[146,1441,449,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[145,1441,445,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, primary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); B, primary spine around peristome (i, whole viewed from peristomial side ii, whole viewed from towards peristome); C, miliary spine from marginal of test (i, whole; ii, distal end; iii, proximal end); D, ophicephalous pedicellariae (i, head; ii, stem); E, tridentate pedicellariae (i, head; ii–iv, internal view of valve)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617803/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
), suggesting that Shigei mislabeled the valve in his illustration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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