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<document id="7C15EF7B2EC749BC5CF42A4AA394FA74" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4276.1.5SLASH11289" ID-CLB-Dataset="32869" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4276.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3926bda-b7c5-42ae-ad52-8655ac9ae4f8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="804693" ID-ZooBank="FD91674D-8792-4851-B1BF-DF5E0770B78F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1496996035429" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Lei, Xin, Fan, Fang, Chu-Yu, Zhang, Yu &amp; Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2017" docId="6B006428443BFFF926F158F1BD6EF922" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4276.1.5SLASH11289.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4276 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="97391C50443DFFF026665946B903FFB8" masterDocTitle="Two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from mangrove wetland in southern China" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1698440371994" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F5F5FEC0ACE35F34D7CCD458D0E6191A">Two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from mangrove wetland in southern China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAF6F57D0E83DDDFBE1AE4C4B4CD9451">Wang, Lei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC9DD41D52F3F7A4661F2D52F3E5C8F">Xin, Fan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="022F4C7BADA87724C7F6729603CF43BA">Fang, Chu-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23D8B18314749075FDA2027DD33F2C85">Zhang, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1012BF6323DF325398749AD28794A0E6">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6B006428443BFFF926F158F1BD6EF922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6003956" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131876544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6003956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B006428443BFFF926F158F1BD6EF922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B006428443BFFF926F158F1BD6EF922" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<subSubSection id="ABB386B5443BFFF626F158F1B812FE4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443BFFF626F158F1BA13FE6A" blockId="6.[151,784,439,499]" box="[151,784,439,466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<heading id="B85E6252443BFFF626F158F1BA13FE6A" bold="true" box="[151,784,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF626F158F1BA13FE6A" bold="true" box="[151,784,439,466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD443BFFF626F158F1BBC3FE6A" ID-CoL="8YXTT" authority="Wang &amp; Fang" authorityName="Wang &amp; Fang" box="[151,704,439,466]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF626F158F1BB0BFE69" bold="true" box="[151,520,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Fang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB457443BFFF624AB58FEBA13FE6A" box="[717,784,440,466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E443BFFF626F1589CB812FE4B" blockId="6.[151,784,439,499]" box="[151,273,474,499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
(
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB443BFFF626F9589CB809FE4B" box="[159,266,474,499]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetBox-2="[160,1422,923,1928]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[150,1436,913,1946]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A C) horizontal whole body section; (D G) longitudinal whole body section." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) whole body, ventral view; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) mature sperm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/804705/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/804707/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 57</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABB386B5443BFFF626F15B64BBB3FD1F" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443BFFF626F15B64BBB3FD1F" blockId="6.[151,1436,546,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF626F15B64B880FD83" bold="true" box="[151,387,546,571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Material examined.</emphasis>
Observations were made on live and preserved specimens. Holotype (PLAMa0080): one mounted specimen.
<materialsCitation id="53C1DF63443BFFF627185B01BBAFFD1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563458599" collectionCode="IZCAS" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3C126B9C443BFFF627185B01B8E8FDE7" box="[382,491,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(PLAMa008189): nine serially-sectioned specimens. The
<typeStatus id="3C126B9C443BFFF622CA5B01BDDFFDE7" box="[1196,1244,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected by Chu-Yu Fang from the same location as that of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD443BFFF625245B2DBD04FD3B" box="[834,1031,619,643]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="shenzhenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF625245B2DBD04FD3B" box="[834,1031,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">M. shenzhenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB457443BFFF622695B2CBD4CFD3A" box="[1039,1103,618,643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF622695B2CBD4BFD3B" bold="true" box="[1039,1096,618,643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(22°3187″ N, 113°5887″ E) (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB443BFFF626F95BC8B9E2FD1F" box="[159,225,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1234,1256]" captionTargetBox="[159,1437,590,1210]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1437,590,1210]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The locations of the two new species of Macrostomum in Guangdong Province, China." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). All specimens are deposited in
<collectionCode id="85B84DFB443BFFF624315BC9BBAFFD1F" box="[599,684,655,679]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABB386B5443BFFF626A15BF4BB1AFD57" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443BFFF626A15BF4BB1AFD57" blockId="6.[151,1436,546,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF626A15BF4B84DFD73" bold="true" box="[199,334,690,715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of this new species is derived from the name of OCT mangrove wetland, Shenzhen City,
<collectingRegion id="216D1BDC443BFFF626B55B90B8C7FD57" box="[211,452,726,751]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9BBE95AE443BFFF627A85B90BB16FD57" box="[462,533,726,751]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B7D685B6443BFFF626F15E70B8D8F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" targetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443BFFF626F15E70B8D8F831" blockId="6.[151,1436,1846,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF626F15E70B810F8F3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1846,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD443BFFF6277C5E71BBE5F8F4" authority="Wang &amp; Fang" authorityName="Wang &amp; Fang" box="[282,742,1846,1868]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF6277C5E71BB4DF8F4" box="[282,590,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Fang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB457443BFFF624965E70BA28F8F4" box="[752,811,1846,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443BFFF624965E70BA20F8F3" bold="true" box="[752,803,1846,1867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (CD) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (EG) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B7D685B6443AFFF726F15FA5B860F8AF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" targetBox="[156,1436,193,1741]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443AFFF726F15FA5B860F8AF" blockId="7.[151,1435,1763,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443AFFF726F15FA5B816F940" bold="true" box="[151,277,1763,1785]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD443AFFF7277B5FA2BBECF941" authority="Wang &amp; Fang" authorityName="Wang &amp; Fang" box="[285,751,1763,1785]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443AFFF7277B5FA2BB50F941" box="[285,595,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Fang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB457443AFFF7249A5FA5BA34F941" box="[764,823,1763,1785]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443AFFF7249A5FA5BA33F940" bold="true" box="[764,816,1763,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (AC) horizontal whole body section; (DG) longitudinal whole body section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="ABB386B5443AFFF826A15E02BC2FFCE5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="E316D53E443AFFF826A15E02BD50FF40" blockId="7.[151,1437,1860,2029]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C443AFFF726A15E02B85AF8E5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1860,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Description.</emphasis>
The body is transparent and dorsoventrally flattened. The body length and width are 1,147 ± 52 µm (n=6) and 186 ± 7 µm (n=6) (length to width ratio is approximately 6:1) (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB443AFFF722685E2EBD58F839" box="[1038,1115,1896,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 7A). Its head and tail are rounded. The anterior and posterior body margin have rigid cilia that are 8 ± 1.9 µm (n=6) long. The whole body is covered with cilia that are 6.7 ± 1.4 µm (n=6) long. The epidermis, 4 ± 0.5 µm (n=6) thick, contains a large number of rhabdites. The brain is crescent shaped, with its widest part 23 ± 1.4 µm (n=6) (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB443AFFF7225D5E92BD7DF855" box="[1083,1150,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A C) horizontal whole body section; (D G) longitudinal whole body section." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). It lies posteriorly to a pair of reniform eyes and the distance between two eyes is 28 ± 9.3 µm (n=6). The mouth is 82.6 ± 10.0 µm (n=6) long. The pharynx is ventrally surrounded by numerous saccular pharyngeal glands (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF8223F59FABDABFF6D" box="[1113,1192,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6C). At the caudal end of the flatworm, there are a number of well-developed adhesive glands (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF825885999BD32FF40" box="[1006,1073,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4435FFF826A15842B893FD74" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
The male reproductive system of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4435FFF824345843BA2BFEA4" box="[594,808,260,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF824345843BA2BFEA4" box="[594,808,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574435FFF825555842BA76FEA4" box="[819,885,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF825555842BA6DFEA5" bold="true" box="[819,878,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
conforms to the general plan within the genus
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4435FFF826F1586FB83BFEF8" box="[151,312,297,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF826F1586FB83BFEF8" box="[151,312,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF827215861B890FEF8" box="[327,403,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
CD, 6A, 6DG, 7BC). A pair of elongated oval-shaped testes is 115 ± 10.8 µm (n=3) long and is located at each side of the anterior 30% of the intestine. The oval-shaped false vesicula seminalis lies posterior to the female antrum on the left side. The muscular vesicula seminalis is also oval shaped and connects to the posterior tear-shaped vesicula granulorum. The vesicula granulorum is partially enclosed by the proximal end of the hook-shaped penis stylet. The proximal end of the penis stylet is 21 ± 1.2 µm (n=8) broad. The curved-line (marked as a) and straight-line (marked as b) between the proximal and distal ends of the stylet are 51 ± 3.5 µm (n=8) and 45 ± 3.3 µm (n=8), respectively (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF824E158B9BBCFFDA0" box="[647,716,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,923,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,913,1946]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) whole body, ventral view; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804707/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). The anterior 63% of the penis stylet is funnel shaped, while the rest is willow leaf shaped and forms a right angle with the anterior part (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF825865B62BD28FD85" box="[992,1067,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
EG, 7D). The stylet opens at the convex side, starts from the position of the curve (anterior 63%), and ends in the distal tip (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF822BE5B01BC2AFDD8" box="[1240,1321,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
HI). The features of the female reproductive system are similar to those of the above mentioned
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4435FFF822EC5B2BBC52FD3C" box="[1162,1361,620,644]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="shenzhenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF822EC5B2BBC52FD3C" box="[1162,1361,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">M. shenzhenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574435FFF8233C5B2ABC9FFD3C" box="[1370,1436,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF8233C5B2ABC96FD3D" bold="true" box="[1370,1429,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF826F95BC9B9F1FD10" box="[159,242,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
AB, 6B, 6D, 6FG). Except its female atrium locates at the posterior end of the intestine in
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4435FFF8231B5BD7B847FD74" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF8231B5BD7B847FD74" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574435FFF8272C5BF2B88AFD75" box="[330,393,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF8272C5BF2B88AFD75" bold="true" box="[330,393,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4435FFF826A15B91BC2FFCE5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
The mature sperm are 88 ± 3.6 µm (n=6) long (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4435FFF8248F5B91BA34FD48" box="[745,823,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
JK, 7E). The lengths of feeler, body and shaft of the sperm are 24 ± 1.7 µm, 17 ± 1.6 µm and 46 ± 3.6 µm (n=6). Diameters of the feeler, body and shaft are 0.6 ± 0.2 µm (n=6), 2.0 ± 0.7 µm (n=6) and 1.3 ± 0.2 µm (n=6), respectively. A pair of bristles, 14 ± 1.6 µm (n=6) long, is on the sperm body. While 37 brushes, 3 ± 0.7 µm (n=8) long, can be observed at the posterior end of the shaft.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B7D685B64435FFF826F15EE9BBDAF85C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804707/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" targetBox="[160,1422,923,1928]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="E316D53E4435FFF826F15EE9BBDAF85C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1967,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF826F15EE9B816F87D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1967,1989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4435FFF827785EF7BBF1F87D" authority="Wang &amp; Fang" authorityName="Wang &amp; Fang" box="[286,754,1967,1990]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF827785EF7BB57F87D" box="[286,596,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Fang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574435FFF824995EF6BA38F87D" box="[767,827,1968,1989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4435FFF824995EF6BA37F87D" bold="true" box="[767,820,1968,1989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) whole body, ventral view; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) mature sperm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="ABB386B54434FFF926A159D1BD6EF922" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF926A159D1B83DFD84" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926A159D1B838FF08" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
A comparison of the penis stylets between
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF9252A59DFBDA6FF08" box="[844,1189,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9252A59DFBDA6FF08" box="[844,1189,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF922D759D1BDF6FF17" box="[1201,1269,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF922D759D1BDECFF08" bold="true" box="[1201,1263,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and six other previously-described resembling species of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924FB59FBBA3DFF6C" box="[669,830,189,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924FB59FBBA3DFF6C" box="[669,830,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shown in
<tableCitation id="AE2BE0854434FFF9258059FABD5EFF6C" box="[998,1117,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,620,643]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the penis stylets between Macrostomum qiaochengensis n. sp. and the six most resembling species of Macrostomum." pageId="9" pageNumber="116">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
. They are common in the following characteristics: 1) hook-like overall morphology; 2) rigid and pointed distal end. However, stylets of these species vary in the position of distal opening. For example, in
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF925C45843BD3CFEA4" box="[930,1087,261,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="romanicum">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF925C45843BD3CFEA4" box="[930,1087,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M romanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the position of the opening is 64% of the stylet length, while in most of the other species, the distal opening is located at a position larger than 70% of the stylet length. Moreover, its stylet length is much longer than that of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF9226F580BBDD8FEDC" box="[1033,1243,332,356]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9226F580BBDD8FEDC" box="[1033,1243,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF92287580ABC1CFEDD" box="[1249,1311,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF92287580ABC1CFEDD" bold="true" box="[1249,1311,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. As for the position of the curve in the stylet,
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924405837BB99FE30" box="[550,666,368,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924405837BB99FE30" box="[550,666,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(63%) is similar to
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF925E35837BD5BFE30" box="[901,1112,368,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF925E35837BD5BFE30" box="[901,1112,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF922055829BDA7FE30" box="[1123,1188,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF922055829BDA7FE30" bold="true" box="[1123,1188,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(63%). However, the bending angle of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF9271058D3B8F3FE14" box="[374,496,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9271058D3B8F3FE14" box="[374,496,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(77°) is much smaller than that of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF925A758D3BD9FFE14" box="[961,1180,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF925A758D3BD9FFE14" box="[961,1180,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF922CA58D2BDF7FE15" box="[1196,1268,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF922CA58D2BDF7FE15" bold="true" box="[1196,1268,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(90°). In
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF9231B58D3B847FE68" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9231B58D3B847FE68" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF9272D58F1B88AFE77" box="[331,393,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9272D58F1B881FE68" bold="true" box="[331,386,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the stylet bends sharply and forms a right angle at 63% of its length (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4434FFF922FA58F1BDEBFE68" box="[1180,1256,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,804,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomum qiaochengensis Wang &amp; Fang, n. sp.: (A) mature living animal, ventral view; (B) posterior part of the body, ventral view; (C D) copulation apparatus (slightly squeezed), ventral view; (E G) penis stylet; (H &amp; I) penis stylet opening; (J &amp; K) mature sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804703/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
EF, 5H), while the opening starts from the position of the curve to the distal tip of the stylet and is willow leaf shaped. Therefore, obvious differences can be noticed between
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924DD5B47BA95FDA0" box="[699,918,512,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924DD5B47BA95FDA0" box="[699,918,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF925C358B9BAEEFDAF" box="[933,1005,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF925C358B9BAE5FDA0" bold="true" box="[933,998,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the six resembling species of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F15B63B83BFD84" box="[151,312,549,572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F15B63B83BFD84" box="[151,312,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7D685B64434FFF926F15B2AB8A4FD1B" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF926F15B2AB8A4FD1B" blockId="9.[151,1435,619,675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F15B2AB809FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,266,620,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of the penis stylets between
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924B35B2ABD19FD3B" box="[725,1050,619,643]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924B35B2ABD19FD3B" box="[725,1050,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Macrostomum qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF922455B2ABD61FD3B" box="[1059,1122,620,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF922455B2ABD59FD3B" bold="true" box="[1059,1114,620,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the six most resembling species of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF927615BCAB8A3FD1B" box="[263,416,652,675]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF927615BCAB8A3FD1B" box="[263,416,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF927175BF8BC87FA90" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<table id="91A9279E4434000F26F95BF8BC8DFA90" box="[159,1422,702,1320]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95BF8BC8DFC88" box="[159,1422,702,816]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F27175BF8B8C9FC88" box="[369,458,702,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Stylet length (µm)</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F27845BF8BB6FFC88" box="[482,620,702,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Diameter of basal /distal opening (µm)</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F24E75BF8BBF3FC88" box="[641,752,702,816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Position of distal opening *</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F25715BF8BAAAFC88" box="[791,937,702,816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Bending angle and position of curve in stylet*</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5BF8BD14FC88" box="[957,1047,702,816]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Habitat</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F22485BF8BDAAFC88" box="[1070,1193,702,816]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Distribution</th>
<th id="1E48BE004434000F22A35BF8BC8DFC88" box="[1221,1422,702,816]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Reference</th>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95A02BC8DFCC0" box="[159,1422,836,888]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95A02B858FCC0" box="[159,347,836,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95A03B858FCE2" box="[159,347,836,858]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95A03B858FCE2" box="[159,347,836,858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF926F95A25B9D4FCC0" box="[159,215,867,888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95A25B9D1FCC0" bold="true" box="[159,210,867,888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175A02B8C9FCC0" box="[369,458,836,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">51 ± 3.5</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845A02BB6FFCC0" box="[482,620,836,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">21 ± 1.2 / 20 ± 1.6</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75A02BBF3FCC0" box="[641,752,836,888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">63% to the distal tip</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715A02BAAAFCC0" box="[791,937,836,888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">90° / 63%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5A02BD14FCC0" box="[957,1047,836,888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Brackish</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485A02BDAAFCC0" box="[1070,1193,836,888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">China</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35A02BC8DFCC0" box="[1221,1422,836,888]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95ACABC8DFC67" box="[159,1422,908,991]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95ACAB858FC67" box="[159,347,908,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95ACBB814FC1A" box="[159,279,909,930]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="astericis">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95ACBB814FC1A" box="[159,279,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. astericis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175ACAB8C9FC67" box="[369,458,908,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">2532</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845ACABB6FFC67" box="[482,620,908,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">1316 / 7*</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75ACABBF3FC67" box="[641,752,908,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">73%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715ACABAAAFC67" box="[791,937,908,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">97° / 50%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5ACABD14FC67" box="[957,1047,908,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Marine</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485ACABDAAFC67" box="[1070,1193,908,991]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">USA Galapagos, Ecuador</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35ACABC8DFC67" box="[1221,1422,908,991]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Schmidt &amp; Sopott- Ehlers 1976</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95AB4BC8DFB9F" box="[159,1422,1010,1063]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95AB4B858FB9F" box="[159,347,1010,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95AB5B83BFBB0" box="[159,312,1010,1032]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystricinum">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95AB5B83BFBB0" box="[159,312,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. hystricinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175AB4B8C9FB9F" box="[369,458,1010,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">32</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845AB4BB6FFB9F" box="[482,620,1010,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">22 / 46*</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75AB4BBF3FB9F" box="[641,752,1010,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">81%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715AB4BAAAFB9F" box="[791,937,1010,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">80° / 81%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5AB4BD14FB9F" box="[957,1047,1010,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Brackish</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485AB4BDAAFB9F" box="[1070,1193,1010,1063]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Widely distributed</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35AB4BC8DFB9F" box="[1221,1422,1010,1063]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Beklemischev 1951</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95D7CBC8DFBE8" box="[159,1422,1082,1104]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95D7CB858FBE8" box="[159,347,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95D7DB811FBE8" box="[159,274,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95D7DB80AFBE8" box="[159,265,1082,1104]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">M. hystrix</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175D7CB8C9FBE8" box="[369,458,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">46</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845D7CBB6FFBE8" box="[482,620,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">21 / 5</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75D7CBBF3FBE8" box="[641,752,1082,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">72%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715D7CBAAAFBE8" box="[791,937,1082,1104]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">77° / 63%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5D7CBD14FBE8" box="[957,1047,1082,1104]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Brackish</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485D7CBDAAFBE8" box="[1070,1193,1082,1104]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Italy</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35D7CBC8DFBE8" box="[1221,1422,1082,1104]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
Schärer
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9237F5D7DBC4FFBE8" box="[1305,1356,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95D22BC8DFB0F" box="[159,1422,1124,1207]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95D22B858FB0F" box="[159,347,1124,1207]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95D23B813FBC2" box="[159,272,1124,1146]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="obelicis">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95D23B813FBC2" box="[159,272,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. obelicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175D22B8C9FB0F" box="[369,458,1124,1207]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">3550</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845D22BB6FFB0F" box="[482,620,1124,1207]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">1625 / NA</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75D22BBF3FB0F" box="[641,752,1124,1207]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">83% to the distal tip</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715D22BAAAFB0F" box="[791,937,1124,1207]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">99° / 68%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5D22BD14FB0F" box="[957,1047,1124,1207]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Marine</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485D22BDAAFB0F" box="[1070,1193,1124,1207]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">USA Galapagos, Ecuador</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35D22BC8DFB0F" box="[1221,1422,1124,1207]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Schmidt &amp; Sopott- Ehlers 1976</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95D8CBC8DFB47" box="[159,1422,1226,1279]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95D8CB858FB47" box="[159,347,1226,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F95D8DB830FB58" box="[159,307,1227,1248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="romanicum">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95D8DB830FB58" box="[159,307,1227,1248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. romanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175D8CB8C9FB47" box="[369,458,1226,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">134209</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845D8CBB6FFB47" box="[482,620,1226,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">4259 /NA</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75D8CBBF3FB47" box="[641,752,1226,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">64%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715D8CBAAAFB47" box="[791,937,1226,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">70° / 64%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5D8CBD14FB47" box="[957,1047,1226,1279]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Marine</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485D8CBDAAFB47" box="[1070,1193,1226,1279]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Romania France</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35D8CBC8DFB47" box="[1221,1422,1226,1279]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Mack-Fira 1968</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D99D77C4434000F26F95C54BC8DFA90" box="[159,1422,1298,1320]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<th id="1E48BE004434000F26F95C54B858FA90" box="[159,347,1298,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F95C55B9B8FA90" box="[159,187,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926A65C55B813FA90" bold="true" box="[192,272,1299,1320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">sp. nov.</emphasis>
1*
</th>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27175C54B8C9FA90" box="[369,458,1298,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">40</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F27845C54BB6FFA90" box="[482,620,1298,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">21 / 6</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F24E75C54BBF3FA90" box="[641,752,1298,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">73%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25715C54BAAAFA90" box="[791,937,1298,1320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">86° / 55%</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F25DB5C54BD14FA90" box="[957,1047,1298,1320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">NA</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22485C54BDAAFA90" box="[1070,1193,1298,1320]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Italy</td>
<td id="1E48BE004434000F22A35C54BC8DFA90" box="[1221,1422,1298,1320]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
Schärer
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9237F5C55BC4FFA90" box="[1305,1356,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF926F15C0FB9E6FA38" blockId="9.[151,1436,1353,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
* Measurement based on images and scales from the references. The procedures of measuring the angle refer to
<bibRefCitation id="8738A8CF4434FFF9235F5C0FB9E2FA38" author="Ferguson" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" refString="Ferguson, F. F. (1940) A monograph of the genus Macrostomum O. Schmidt 1848. Part?. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 129,120 - 146." type="book chapter" year="1940">Ferguson (1940)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF926F15CCFBA5DFA18" blockId="9.[151,1436,1353,1440]" box="[151,862,1417,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">NA: Not available, information cannot be obtained from literature.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E316D53E4434FFF926A15C8BBD6EF922" blockId="9.[151,1436,1485,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926A15C8BBB61FA5E" bold="true" box="[199,610,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Molecular phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic analyses using neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods (
<figureCitation id="7B92C9BB4434FFF927A55CB7BB38F9B2" box="[451,571,1521,1546]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1641,1663]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,250,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1413,613,1608]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1423,220,1435]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1421,203,1193]" captionTargetBox-3="[176,1405,210,1259]" captionTargetBox-4="[166,1423,202,1211]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,589,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1455]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1278]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1218]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. The phylogenetic tree of 18 S rDNA generated with Maximum Likelihood method. (bootstrap = 1000, Tamura-nei type)" captionText-1="FIGURE 9. The phylogenetic tree of 18 S rDNA gene generated with Neighbor-Joining method. (bootstrap = 1000, Kimura 2 - parameter type)" captionText-2="FIGURE 10. The phylogenetic tree of 28 S rDNA generated with Maximum Likelihood method. (bootstrap = 1000, Tamura-nei type)" captionText-3="FIGURE 11. The phylogenetic tree of 28 S rDNA gene generated with Neighbor-Joining method. (bootstrap = 1000, Kimura 2 - parameter type)" captionText-4="FIGURE 13. The phylogenetic tree of the concatenated sequences of 18 S and 28 S rDNA genes with Neighbor-Joining method. (bootstrap = 1000, Kimura 2 - parameter type)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/804709/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/804711/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/804713/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/804715/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/804717/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Figs. 813</figureCitation>
) showed that three specimens of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF925D55CB4BD7BF9B1" box="[947,1144,1521,1545]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="shenzhenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF925D55CB4BD7BF9B1" box="[947,1144,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. shenzhenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF922195CB7BDBEF9B1" box="[1151,1213,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF922195CB7BDB4F9B2" bold="true" box="[1151,1207,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as well as those of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF926F15F50B86AF995" box="[151,361,1557,1581]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF926F15F50B86AF995" box="[151,361,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF927165F53B8ACF995" box="[368,431,1557,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF927165F53B8AAF996" bold="true" box="[368,425,1557,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
cluster together. Furthermore, all of these results show that these two new species form a well-supported clade with
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF927B35F7CBB4DF9E9" box="[469,590,1593,1617]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF927B35F7CBB4DF9E9" box="[469,590,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924F45F7CBA17F9E9" box="[658,788,1593,1617]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lignano">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924F45F7CBA17F9E9" box="[658,788,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. lignano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is in good agreement with the morphological comparison of these species. In summary, both morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports the establishments of
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF927075FC4BB27F921" box="[353,548,1665,1689]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="shenzhenensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF927075FC4BB27F921" box="[353,548,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. shenzhenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF9244A5FC7BB68F922" box="[556,619,1665,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9244A5FC7BB68F922" bold="true" box="[556,619,1665,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="24A9AEBD4434FFF924C75FC4BA77F921" box="[673,884,1665,1689]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="qiaochengensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF924C75FC4BA77F921" box="[673,884,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">M. qiaochengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAEEB4574434FFF9251C5FC7BABAF921" box="[890,953,1665,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D1DD092C4434FFF9251C5FC7BAB1F922" bold="true" box="[890,946,1665,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>