1176 lines
187 KiB
XML
1176 lines
187 KiB
XML
<document id="E57D61E7E728063F8CB771FC59680AF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="99299" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05450faf-336f-40cf-851b-630a6c6a9bc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838441" ID-ZooBank="53B22CAE-5752-4C11-8F05-C467D3295CA4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657877079510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fochezato, Júlia, Brito, Rosângela, Gonçalves, Gislene L., Specht, Alexandre, Becker, Vitor O. & Moreira, Gilson R. P." docDate="2022" docId="03F42244A92EFFF0FF0FFC3DFEFD68AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5165.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5165 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Porphyrosela arachisella Moreira & Becker 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="FFCD5A3CA92CFFFBFF98FFCBFF8A697B" masterDocTitle="Description of Porphyrosela arachisella sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), the first report of Lithocolletinae for Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="387" pageNumber="389" updateTime="1699360015066" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="975C4F76C163A0B4870EF27C075B9FE5">Description of Porphyrosela arachisella sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), the first report of Lithocolletinae for Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AABACFDA54AC9AD6093BAD93FB62F8BF">Fochezato, Júlia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0386D582867E948AA813379A2E0DE418">PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7038 - 5194</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="431C38D61DDF623FBBC35E2416650443">Brito, Rosângela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AE7E72753439FE9DAA1C99C3CDA9058">Embrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, Km 18, 73310 - 970 Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3633 - 6422</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E1BD82BB3D71A3554A68B6FDA5C9CFC">Gonçalves, Gislene L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="85F08299BE4EC833B8332A8F42E95DB3">Universidad de Tarapacá, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Arica, Chile. http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1459 - 4888</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6FF1038EEBC6E1B904CC34A139767554">Specht, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="280588EE7DC6E4EBAE9F043D44383E01">Embrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, Km 18, 73310 - 970 Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8921 - 0340</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="82645FF148E0D962E792AF614586E2E3">Becker, Vitor O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4122E2C38A6593BE8A75F4DFA9130A29">Reserva Serra Bonita. Caixa Postal 001, 45880 - 970 Camacan, BA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B33B02F63ADEDAAA895B2821F410DA7C">Moreira, Gilson R. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="275B742D4F66BF9DBB86095A25665D65">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F42244A92EFFF0FF0FFC3DFEFD68AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6856473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197817661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6856473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F42244A92EFFF0FF0FFC3DFEFD68AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F42244A92EFFF0FF0FFC3DFEFD68AA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92EFFF9FF0FFC3DFC926D6B" box="[151,792,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FF0FFC3DFD396D6B" ID-CoL="B7LYF" authority="Moreira & Becker" authorityName="Moreira & Becker" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,691,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF0FFC3DFE4C6D6A" bold="true" box="[151,454,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
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Moreira & Becker
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF23BA92EFFF9FD22FC3DFC926D6B" box="[698,792,1014,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92EFFF9FF0FFBD1FF726D4F" box="[151,248,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE29352A92EFFF9FF0FFBD1FF726D4F" blockId="2.[151,792,1014,1076]" box="[151,248,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92EFFF9FF0FFBD1FF726D4F" box="[151,248,1050,1076]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionStartId-6="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetBox-3="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetBox-4="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetBox-5="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetBox-6="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetBox-7="[239,1349,181,1873]" captionTargetId-0="figure-37@4.[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetId-2="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId-3="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId-5="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId-6="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId-7="figure-19@13.[239,1349,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Adults of Porphyrosela arachisella: (A, C) wings spread, pinned and dried, dorsal view, male (LMCI 344-67, holotype) and female (LMCI 344-69, paratype), respectively; (B) live, with wings folded, on Arachis pintoi leaf surface; (D) distal portion of female forewing in detail, dorsal; (E, F) head in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (G) hind leg, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B), 0.25 mm (D–G)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Porphyrosela arachisella adult morphology: (A) venation of female right wings, dorsal view; (B, C) male genitalia, in ventral and lateral views, respectively; (D) aedeagus, lateral; (E) distal portion of aedeagus in detail (enlarged area delimited by rectangle in D), open red arrow points to cornutus; (F, G) female genitalia under ventral and lateral views, respectively. Closed red arrow and asterisk indicate the posteriorly displaced basal portion of ductus bursae and protruded rectum, provoked by internal hydrostatic pressure. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–C, F–G), 0.05 mm (D–E)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. A Neighbor-Joining tree, based on COI barcode fragment generated under the K2P nucleotide substitution model, of Porphyrosela arachisella and its congeners. Each specimen is identified by its Process ID code (see Tab. 2). Branch lengths represent the number of substitutions per site. BIN numbers from BOLD Systems are given on the right bars for all clusters; black bars indicate new BINs. Bootstrap support higher than 50% is presented in the branches." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838443" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838445" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838459" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6838443/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6838445/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/6838459/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92EFFF9FF0FFBABFD0E6F47" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE29352A92EFFF9FF0FFBABFC8A6C7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1119,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF0FFBABFEB46D02" bold="true" box="[151,318,1119,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Type material</emphasis>
|
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.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FED4FBABFEAD6DC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907303" collectingDate="2018-09-13" collectionCode="MALE, LMCI" collectorName="Julia Fochezato" country="Brazil" location="Brasilia" municipality="Federal Senate" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FED4FBABFE116D01" box="[332,411,1120,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">MALE</collectionCode>
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<typeStatus id="54E62DF0A92EFFF9FE3BFBABFDB16D01" box="[419,571,1120,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F34AD3C2A92EFFF9FDDEFBABFD3A6D01" box="[582,688,1120,1146]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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: DF,
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<location id="8E82C589A92EFFF9FD72FB94FCCE6D02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F42244A92EFFF0FF0FFC3DFEFD68AA:8E82C589A92EFFF9FD72FB94FCCE6D02" box="[746,836,1119,1145]" country="Brazil" municipality="Federal Senate" name="Brasilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Brasília</location>
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, gardens of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B860928A92EFFF9FC54FB94FBFE6D01" box="[972,1140,1119,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Federal Senate</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="FFE3B592A92EFFF9FB18FB94FB706D02" box="[1152,1274,1119,1145]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2018-09-13">
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<collectingDate id="EFA74C7AA92EFFF9FB18FB94FB706D02" box="[1152,1274,1119,1145]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2018-09-13">13.ix.2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, pinned-dried, ex. larvae mining
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3841D0AFA92EFFF9FEFDFB48FDA06DE7" box="[357,554,1154,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FE11FB49FDA06DE7" box="[393,554,1154,1180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FE11FB49FDA06DE7" box="[393,554,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
leaflets,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A8F684A92EFFF9FD0BFB49FCC96DE7" box="[659,835,1154,1180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Julia Fochezato</collectorName>
|
||
coll., deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FB85FB49FBE96DE7" box="[1053,1123,1154,1180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
collection, under accession code 344-67
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FEABFB6EFD766C7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907301" collectingDate="2018-09-13" collectionCode="LMCI" collectorName="Julia Fochezato" country="Brazil" location="Brasilia" municipality="Federal Senate" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-49, 51, 56, 58, 70, LMCI 344-52, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 69, LMCI 344-56" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E62DF0A92EFFF9FEABFB6EFE2A6DC4" box="[307,416,1189,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: pinned-dried adults; same data collection as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E62DF0A92EFFF9FC31FB6EFB856DC4" box="[937,1039,1189,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FB83FB6EFB2E6DC4" box="[1051,1188,1189,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FB2CFB6EFAD96DC4" box="[1204,1363,1189,1215]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-49</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FAE1FB6EFA1D6DBB" box="[1401,1431,1189,1216]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">51</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FF0FFB0CFF3F6D99" box="[151,181,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">56</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FF58FB0CFF546D99" box="[192,222,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">58</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FF71FB03FE8F6D99" box="[233,261,1224,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">70</specimenCode>
|
||
and 76);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FEF3FB0CFD8A6D9A" box="[363,512,1223,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FD95FB03FD266D99" box="[525,684,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-52</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FD2FFB0CFD5F6D99" box="[695,725,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">55</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FD78FB0CFD746D99" box="[736,766,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">57</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FC90FB0CFCAC6D99" box="[776,806,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">59</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FCA9FB0CFCC56D9A" box="[817,847,1223,1249]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">61</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FCC2FB0CFCF26D9A" box="[858,888,1223,1249]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">63</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FC1AFB0CFC2A6D99" box="[898,928,1223,1250]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">65</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FC33FB0CFC416D9A" box="[939,971,1223,1249]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">69</specimenCode>
|
||
); all deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FB14FB03FB586D99" box="[1164,1234,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
collection, except
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FF0FFB21FEBC6C7E" box="[151,310,1258,1285]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-56</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FEDAFB21FEEA6C7E" box="[322,352,1258,1285]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">58</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FEF4FB21FE006C7F" box="[364,394,1258,1284]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">63</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FE0EFB21FE386C7E" box="[406,434,1258,1285]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">65</specimenCode>
|
||
which were donated to VOB
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92EFFF9FF5FFAC6FB656CF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1119,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF5FFAC6FE0C6C5C" bold="true" box="[199,390,1293,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Dissected adults</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FE0CFAC6FECF6C17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907307" collectingDate="2018-09-13" collectionCode="LMCI" collectorName="Julia Fochezato" country="Brazil" location="Brasilia" municipality="Federal Senate" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-34" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="5">
|
||
same collection data as the holotype: genitalia on slides,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FB90FAC6FBD76C5C" box="[1032,1117,1293,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FBF3FAC6FA806C5C" box="[1131,1290,1293,1319]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-34</specimenCode>
|
||
A, 34B, 36A, 71),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FF54FAFBFEB36C32" box="[204,313,1327,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FED0FAFBFE606C31" box="[328,490,1328,1354]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-34</specimenCode>
|
||
C, 36B, 36C, 72, 74, 75, 77).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FCA3FAFBFB8E6C31" bold="true" box="[827,1028,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Immature stages</emphasis>
|
||
: fixed in Dietrich´s fluid, preserved in 70% ethanol
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FECAFA98FAF96C17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907302" box="[338,1395,1362,1389]" collectingDate="2018-09-13" collectionCode="LMCI" collectorName="Julia Fochezato" country="Brazil" location="Brasilia" municipality="Federal Senate" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-37" specimenCount="1">
|
||
same collection data as the holotype: three leaf fragments with attached eggs (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FB50FA99FAE16C17" box="[1224,1387,1362,1388]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-37</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FA18FA99FD856CF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907306" collectionCode="LMCI" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
70 sap-feeding larvae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FEECFABEFD826CF4" box="[372,520,1397,1423]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-4</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FD83FABEFC446CEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907304" box="[539,974,1397,1424]" collectionCode="LMCI" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
60 tissue feeding larvae (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FCABFABEFC4C6CEB" box="[819,966,1397,1424]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-5</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B35990FA92EFFF9FC42FABEFB616CF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863907305" box="[986,1259,1397,1424]" collectionCode="LMCI" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="LMCI 344-6" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-pupa="15">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FC42FABEFBCA6CF4" box="[986,1088,1397,1424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="pupa">15 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB3B29A92EFFF9FBD7FABEFB696CF4" box="[1103,1251,1397,1423]" collectionCode="LMCI" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI 344-6</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92EFFF9FF5FFA5CFD0E6F47" blockId="2.[151,1437,1119,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF5FFA5CFDD86CCA" bold="true" box="[199,594,1431,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Other adult specimens examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FDCFFA5CFCED6CCA" authority="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira, 2022" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[599,871,1431,1457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pophyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arachisella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FDCFFA5CFCED6CCA" box="[599,871,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Pophyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF23BA92EFFF9FCF5FA53FC366CC9" box="[877,956,1432,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
- GO,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49995DB0A92EFFF9FB9CFA5CFBC26CCA" box="[1028,1096,1431,1457]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FFE3B592A92EFFF9FB19FA5CFAAF6CC9" box="[1153,1317,1431,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1976-06-15" valueMax="1976-06-25" valueMin="1976-06-15">15–25.vi.1976</date>
|
||
, 52 pinned dried, ex. larvae mining on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FE52FA71FDE26CAF" box="[458,616,1466,1492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FE52FA71FDE26CAF" box="[458,616,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaflets (Becker 19924) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FC1DFA71FC4C6CAF" box="[901,966,1466,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">VOB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FC40FA71FA9F6CAF" authority="Clarke" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[984,1301,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FC40FA71FB496CAF" box="[984,1219,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Porphyrosela minuta</emphasis>
|
||
Clarke
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– EMBRAPA Pecuária Sul, Bagé, RS, pinned-dried,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FDE1FA16FD6A6C8C" box="[633,736,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA92EFFF9FC83FA16FC126C8C" box="[795,920,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FC31FA16FC7B6C8C" box="[937,1009,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
304-03), with genitalia on slides, ex. larvae mining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FEA0FA34FE7B6F62" box="[312,497,1535,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FEA0FA34FE7B6F62" box="[312,497,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Trifolium repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaflets, Gilson
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FD3FF9CBFD366F61" box="[679,700,1536,1562]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.P. Moreira,
|
||
<date id="FFE3B592A92EFFF9FCDAFA34FC246F62" box="[834,942,1535,1561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2016-09-09">9.ix.2016</date>
|
||
, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4C0B97A92EFFF9FBD0F9CBFB046F61" box="[1096,1166,1536,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">LMCI</collectionCode>
|
||
collection, under accession codes 304-01 and 304-03, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92EFFF8FF56F98EFBF96B46" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92EFFF9FF56F98EFD7E6E9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1119,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF56F98EFECB6F24" bold="true" box="[206,321,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FED7F98EFDE16F24" authority="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira, 2022" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[335,619,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FED7F98EFDE16F24" box="[335,619,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF23BA92EFFF9FDE9F98EFD4D6F24" box="[625,711,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FB8FF98DFB336F24" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1047,1209,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FB8FF98DFB336F24" box="[1047,1209,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FB77F98DFAD26F24" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1263,1368,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FB77F98DFAD26F24" box="[1263,1368,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it can be separated by a conjunction of morphological characters. The adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FBF7F9A3FA816FFA" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[1135,1291,1639,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FBF7F9A3FA816FFA" box="[1135,1291,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both species by possessing forewings with four costal and three dorsal white strigulae. Rarely the basal strigulae are partially fused mesally, forming a transversal fascia as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FC85F965FC356FBC" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[797,959,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FC85F965FC356FBC" box="[797,959,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FC6EF965FBEA6FBC" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1014,1120,1710,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FC6EF965FBEA6FBC" box="[1014,1120,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When this is the case, such a transverse fascia is always followed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FDC6F91BFD7D6F92" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[606,759,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FDC6F91BFD7D6F92" box="[606,759,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not by a second fascia but by a pair of well-separated strigulae slightly beyond the middle of the forewing. The second fascia appears either perpendicular to the wing margin or in opposite direction from the basal fascia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FD21F8DDFCD66E54" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[697,860,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FD21F8DDFCD66E54" box="[697,860,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FC0DF8DDFB8A6E54" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[917,1024,1814,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FC0DF8DDFB8A6E54" box="[917,1024,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively (Betancourt & Scatoni 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92EFFF9FF45F8FCFE356E29" author="Eiseman, C. S. & Feldman, T. S. & LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W." box="[221,447,1847,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="18 - 23" refId="ref9758" refString="Eiseman, C. S., Feldman, T. S., LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W. (2017) First North American records of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with notes on its native congener, P. desmodiella (Clemens). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119, 18 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.119.1.18" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Eiseman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FEDCF8F3FEFF6E2A" box="[324,373,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FC9EF8F3FC156E2A" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[774,927,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FC9EF8F3FC156E2A" box="[774,927,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the two basal pairs of strigulae outwardly oblique, aligned parallel to each other, particularly in the females. The new species is distinguished further from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FA10F890FE946EE3" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FA10F890FE946EE3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a black terminal line on the forewing, also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FBDEF8B4FB3A6EE3" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1094,1200,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FBDEF8B4FB3A6EE3" box="[1094,1200,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FAAAF8B4FA166EE3" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1330,1436,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FAAAF8B4FA166EE3" box="[1330,1436,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FF50F868FEE76EC7" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[200,365,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FF50F868FEE76EC7" box="[200,365,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the penultimate costal strigula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92EFFF9FC8CF869FC2E6EC6" author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[788,932,1954,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref9371" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Betancourt & Scatoni 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92EFFF9FB61F869FF5B6E9B" author="Eiseman, C. S. & Feldman, T. S. & LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W." pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="18 - 23" refId="ref9758" refString="Eiseman, C. S., Feldman, T. S., LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W. (2017) First North American records of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with notes on its native congener, P. desmodiella (Clemens). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119, 18 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.119.1.18" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Eiseman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FAFAF868FA1F6EC7" box="[1378,1429,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92EFFF9FE17F80CFDA36E9B" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[399,553,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92EFFF9FE17F80CFDA36E9B" box="[399,553,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as already noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFF5CFC6E683A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Male genitalia are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FDEBFF5CFD5769CB" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[627,733,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FDEBFF5CFD5769CB" box="[627,733,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a blunt distal outward margin of valvae, which is bumped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FEAAFF70FE5C69AE" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[306,470,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FEAAFF70FE5C69AE" box="[306,470,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92FFFF8FE7EFF70FDD169AE" author="Vari, L." box="[486,603,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref10747" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1961">Vári 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 49, fig. 6). Also, by having cornutus in the vesica, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FF0FFF14FEB16982" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,315,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF0FFF14FEB16982" box="[151,315,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This structure consists of a slightly curved, lightly sclerotized hook in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FBF5FF14FA826982" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[1133,1288,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FBF5FF14FA826982" box="[1133,1288,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is much stronger, looking like a hammer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FD87FEC8FD036867" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[543,649,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FD87FEC8FD036867" box="[543,649,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The saccus is short and stout, with an acute apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FB40FEC8FAF86866" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[1240,1394,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FB40FEC8FAF86866" box="[1240,1394,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To the contrary, it has a narrower basal portion and a dilated apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FCEBFEECFC57683B" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[883,989,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FCEBFEECFC57683B" box="[883,989,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFE80FBF96B46" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
There is no detailed description available for larvae and pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FC3CFE80FBCC681E" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[932,1094,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FC3CFE80FBCC681E" box="[932,1094,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FBE5FE80FB6C681F" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1149,1254,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FBE5FE80FB6C681F" box="[1149,1254,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which impedes the corresponding diagnosis at such stages. Notwithstanding, up to now mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FBD0FEA4FB6E68F2" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[1096,1252,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FBD0FEA4FB6E68F2" box="[1096,1252,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only been found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FE9CFE58FE2968D7" box="[260,419,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FE9CFE58FE2968D7" box="[260,419,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a plant not reported as a host for the other two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92FFFF8FBBBFE58FADB68D6" author="De Prins, J. & De Prins, W." box="[1059,1361,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" refId="ref9644" refString="De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2022) Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). https: // www. gracillariidae. net (Accessed 16 March 2022) TM" type="url" year="2022">De Prins & De Prins 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Contrary to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FECAFE7CFE7F68AA" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[338,501,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FECAFE7CFE7F68AA" box="[338,501,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92FFFF8FDAAFE7CFC9C68AA" author="Eiseman, C. S. & Feldman, T. S. & LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W." box="[562,790,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="18 - 23" refId="ref9758" refString="Eiseman, C. S., Feldman, T. S., LoPresti, E. F. & Palmer, M. W. (2017) First North American records of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with notes on its native congener, P. desmodiella (Clemens). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119, 18 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.119.1.18" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Eiseman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FD02FE7CFD4668AA" box="[666,716,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FC0BFE7CFBA768AA" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[915,1069,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FC0BFE7CFBA768AA" box="[915,1069,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are formed on the upper surface of the leaves. They are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FDF3FE10FD5E688F" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[619,724,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FDF3FE10FD5E688F" box="[619,724,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be easily distinguished from them by the grouped, side by side attached eggs, either under development or represented by empty chorions, usually three per cluster in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FA10FE34FE9F6B46" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FA10FE34FE9F6B46" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are laid isolated in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92FFFF8FD2FFDE8FBE56B46" authority="(Betancourt & Scatoni 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Betancourt & Scatoni" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[695,1135,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FD2FFDE8FCAA6B47" box="[695,800,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Betancourt & Scatoni 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92FFFFCFF5FFD8DFF576CBA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFD8DFED36B1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FFD8DFED36B1B" bold="true" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFDA0FC616BFE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1003,618,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FFDA0FEC86BFE" box="[199,322,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Male adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FEC8FDA0FD9F6BFE" box="[336,533,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-37@4.[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of Porphyrosela arachisella: (A, C) wings spread, pinned and dried, dorsal view, male (LMCI 344-67, holotype) and female (LMCI 344-69, paratype), respectively; (B) live, with wings folded, on Arachis pintoi leaf surface; (D) distal portion of female forewing in detail, dorsal; (E, F) head in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (G) hind leg, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B), 0.25 mm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838443/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs 1A–B, D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92FFFF8FD77FDA1FC186BFE" box="[751,914,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="2.08" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1.795" valueMax="2.08" valueMin="1.51">1.51–2.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFD44FC566A42" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Head: Vertex tufted with short ochreous, distally furcated, piliform scales; frons smooth, covered with metallic shiny scales projecting anteriorly. Labial palpus as long as the diameter of eye, drooping, directed downwards. Haustellum short, pale beige. Antennae slightly shorter than forewing; basal part of antennae mostly light brown, distal flagellomeres pure white; scape shorter and thicker than pedicel, dorsally loosely covered with appressed, short, brownish, piliform scales, with 3–5 short, brownish hair-like pecten.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFC88FAA36DDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Thorax: Basic color ochreous, with strong metallic gloss. Forewing ground color coppery, with four costal and three dorsal white, black-edged strigulae, and a conspicuous black-lined termen. Strigulae reach near the middle line of the wing. The first costal strigula at 1/3 forewing; the three basal strigulae transversally aligned with the dorsal ones; distal costal strigula on apical fifth. Cilia short, pale brownish at apex and termen, gradually getting longer, and dense, at tornus. Hind wing and cilia blackish fuscous. Forewing venation with 7 veins; Sc ending near 1/3 of costa; terminating apical part with three veins, R
|
||
<subScript id="17D99117A92FFFF8FD37FBC2FD3D6D6C" attach="left" box="[687,695,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">4</subScript>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="17D99117A92FFFF8FD4FFBC2FD556D6C" attach="left" box="[727,735,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">5</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17D99117A92FFFF8FC9DFBC2FC876D6C" attach="left" box="[773,781,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">1</subScript>
|
||
; M
|
||
<subScript id="17D99117A92FFFF8FCABFBC2FCB16D6C" attach="left" box="[819,827,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">1</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D99117A92FFFF8FC08FBC2FC126D6C" attach="left" box="[912,920,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">1</subScript>
|
||
separate; CuP indistinct over entire length; 1A separate; cell closed. Hind wing lanceolate, narrow, venation reduced to four veins: Sc very short terminating near the base of costa; Rs very long, running almost to apex of hindwing; M1 unbranched, ending near 2/3 of dorsum; Cu1 strong, ending slightly before 1/2 of the dorsum. Frenulum – a single stout bristle. Legs slender, general color light brown; hind tibia coppery, with basal and distal margin white; distal tarsomere and pretarsus white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFB60FDA06DBE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,554,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Abdomen: Dark brownish grey.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFB04FCC76CBA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FFB04FEE76D92" box="[199,365,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FEE5FB04FE716D92" box="[381,507,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Porphyrosela arachisella adult morphology: (A) venation of female right wings, dorsal view; (B, C) male genitalia, in ventral and lateral views, respectively; (D) aedeagus, lateral; (E) distal portion of aedeagus in detail (enlarged area delimited by rectangle in D), open red arrow points to cornutus; (F, G) female genitalia under ventral and lateral views, respectively. Closed red arrow and asterisk indicate the posteriorly displaced basal portion of ductus bursae and protruded rectum, provoked by internal hydrostatic pressure. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–C, F–G), 0.05 mm (D–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838445/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs 2B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen subconical, longer than valva, slightly rounded apically, with a pair of setae laterally on distal margin; basal parts of tegumen narrow and sclerotized, running parallel to each other with smooth anastomosis into ca. 2/3 part of the tegumen. Tuba analis slightly protruding beyond tegumen. Valvae symmetrical, bar-shaped, with cucullus blunt, curved medially, and bearing fine setae. Vinculum narrow, with short and stout saccus bearing acute distal end. Transtilla narrow for the whole length. Aedeagus tubular, slightly shorter than the valvae, broader basally; vesica tubular, weakly sclerotized, covered by sparse, fine setae, and bearing from one to two slightly sclerotized, hooked shaped cornuti at the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FFA00FBFC6F56" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FFA00FED76C9E" box="[199,349,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Female adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FEF3FA00FE4D6C9E" box="[363,455,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-37@4.[164,1424,179,1864]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of Porphyrosela arachisella: (A, C) wings spread, pinned and dried, dorsal view, male (LMCI 344-67, holotype) and female (LMCI 344-69, paratype), respectively; (B) live, with wings folded, on Arachis pintoi leaf surface; (D) distal portion of female forewing in detail, dorsal; (E, F) head in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (G) hind leg, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B), 0.25 mm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838443/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FE4CFA00FE706C9E" box="[468,506,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Porphyrosela arachisella adult morphology: (A) venation of female right wings, dorsal view; (B, C) male genitalia, in ventral and lateral views, respectively; (D) aedeagus, lateral; (E) distal portion of aedeagus in detail (enlarged area delimited by rectangle in D), open red arrow points to cornutus; (F, G) female genitalia under ventral and lateral views, respectively. Closed red arrow and asterisk indicate the posteriorly displaced basal portion of ductus bursae and protruded rectum, provoked by internal hydrostatic pressure. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–C, F–G), 0.05 mm (D–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838445/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to male in color, but larger in body size. Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92FFFF8FB61FA00FA176C9E" box="[1273,1437,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.545" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.39" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="2.545" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.39">2.39–2.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 8). Contrary to the male forewing, where the first three costal and dorsal strigulae are transversally aligned, on the female they are outwards, obliquely aligned. Frenulum – 2 tightly appressed bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FF9FCFA086E7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FF9FCFE0D6F2A" box="[199,391,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FE0EF9FCFD876F2A" box="[406,525,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1775]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Porphyrosela arachisella adult morphology: (A) venation of female right wings, dorsal view; (B, C) male genitalia, in ventral and lateral views, respectively; (D) aedeagus, lateral; (E) distal portion of aedeagus in detail (enlarged area delimited by rectangle in D), open red arrow points to cornutus; (F, G) female genitalia under ventral and lateral views, respectively. Closed red arrow and asterisk indicate the posteriorly displaced basal portion of ductus bursae and protruded rectum, provoked by internal hydrostatic pressure. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–C, F–G), 0.05 mm (D–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838445/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 2F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales lobe-like, semi-rectangular in shape, almost connected dorsally, covered with long, slender setae of greater density on distal section.Anterior apophyses absent. Posterior apophyses long, thickened in ca. basal ¼; apical parts slender, straight and parallel to each other, apices reaching the middle of abdominal segment VII. Ostium bursae opening at the middle of posterior margin of segment VII, followed by short, weakly melanized sterigma. Ductus bursae not separated from the saculiform, membranous corpus bursae. Ductus bursae mostly membranous, except for the slightly sclerotized basal portion. Ductus spermathecae not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92FFFF8FF5FF8C4FE686EEE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FF5FF8C4FE126E52" bold="true" box="[199,408,1807,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92FFFF8FE38F8C4FE476E53" box="[416,461,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Egg</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FE47F8C4FDEC6E52" box="[479,614,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs. 4A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FDECF8C4FD1D6E52" box="[628,663,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dimensions (mean ± standard deviation; n = 3): length = 0.779 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92FFFF8FF0FF8F8FE876E36" box="[151,269,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.010 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width = 1.004 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92FFFF8FE4FF8F8FDC76E36" box="[471,589,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="0.017">0.017 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Flat, slightly ellipsoid; chorion translucent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FBDFF8F8FB286E36" box="[1095,1186,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
), smooth, ornamented with ill-defined carinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92FFFF8FE34F89CFD8E6E0A" box="[428,516,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); vitellum whitish during oviposition, seen by transparency. Aeropyles and micropylar area were not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA928FFFFFF0FF8A9FDDB6E9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838443/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" startId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" targetBox="[164,1424,179,1864]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A928FFFFFF0FF8A9FDDB6E9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1890,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A928FFFFFF0FF8A9FE986E01" bold="true" box="[151,274,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A928FFFFFEE2F8A9FDF06E01" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[378,634,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A928FFFFFEE2F8A9FDF06E01" box="[378,634,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A, C) wings spread, pinned and dried, dorsal view, male (LMCI 344-67, holotype) and female (LMCI 344-69, paratype), respectively; (B) live, with wings folded, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A928FFFFFBB9F84DFB3B6EE5" box="[1057,1201,1926,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A928FFFFFBB9F84DFB3B6EE5" box="[1057,1201,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaf surface; (D) distal portion of female forewing in detail, dorsal; (E, F) head in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (G) hind leg, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B), 0.25 mm (D–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA929FFFEFF0FF8CCFBD16ED4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" startId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" targetBox="[154,1434,181,1775]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A929FFFEFF0FF8CCFBD16ED4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1799,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A929FFFEFF0FF8CCFE986E64" bold="true" box="[151,274,1799,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A929FFFEFE8FF8CCFD926E64" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,536,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A929FFFEFE8FF8CCFD926E64" box="[279,536,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult morphology: (A) venation of female right wings, dorsal view; (B, C) male genitalia, in ventral and lateral views, respectively; (D) aedeagus, lateral; (E) distal portion of aedeagus in detail (enlarged area delimited by rectangle in D), open red arrow points to cornutus; (F, G) female genitalia under ventral and lateral views, respectively. Closed red arrow and asterisk indicate the posteriorly displaced basal portion of ductus bursae and protruded rectum, provoked by internal hydrostatic pressure. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–C, F–G), 0.05 mm (D–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFC4FFC4E6ABA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" startId="6.[151,250,900,924]" targetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92AFFFDFF0FFC4FFC4E6ABA" blockId="6.[151,1436,900,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92AFFFDFF0FFC4FFE9F6AE7" bold="true" box="[151,277,900,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92AFFFDFE75FC4FFD7A6AE7" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[493,752,900,924]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92AFFFDFE75FC4FFD7A6AE7" box="[493,752,900,924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92AFFFDFF5FFC24FC826D9B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1006,1248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92AFFFDFF5FFC24FE986D73" box="[199,274,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf-miner, with hypermetamorphic development and five instars, all endophyllous as found for all lithocolletines. The first three instars are sap feeders, with vestigial thoracic legs, highly modified buccal apparatus, and depressed body; the last two instars have buccal apparatus of chewing
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E62DF0A92AFFFDFB8EFBFCFBC36D2A" box="[1046,1097,1079,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, hypognathous, with the body more cylindrical in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFE58FB91FDB46D0E" box="[448,574,1114,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFDD2FB90FD036D0F" box="[586,649,1114,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">7E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Minimum and maximum length of larvae (n = 11) examined for both morphotypes = 0.87 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92AFFFDFE33FBB5FD9A6DE2" box="[427,528,1150,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.76" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="4.76">4.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. Within each morphotype, instars can be correctly identified through measurements of the head capsules, since there is no overlap between the head capsule widths of succeeding instars (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DFA6E9A92AFFFDFF07FB0DFF786D9B" box="[159,242,1222,1248]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1296,1320]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation in head capsule width among instars of Porphyrosela arachisella (n = 10 per instar)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" tableUuid="DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). General body color light yellow in all instars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53" ID-Table-UUID="DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53" box="[151,1277,1296,1321]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF22C3DAA92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" startId="6.[151,239,1296,1320]" targetBox="[166,1337,1336,1602]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92AFFFDFF0FFADBFB776C53" blockId="6.[151,1277,1296,1321]" box="[151,1277,1296,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92AFFFDFF0FFADBFE896C53" bold="true" box="[151,259,1296,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Variation in head capsule width among instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92AFFFDFCB8FADBFBA56C53" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[800,1071,1296,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92AFFFDFCB8FADBFBA56C53" box="[800,1071,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 10 per instar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92AFFFDFF3EFAF2FA986F39" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<table id="F95D61F2A92A0004FF3EFAF3FAB36F39" box="[166,1337,1336,1602]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EFAF3FAB36C2B" box="[166,1337,1336,1360]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EFAF3FF6A6C2B" box="[166,224,1336,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Instar</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFFAF3FBB46C2B" box="[823,1086,1336,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Head capsule width (mm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EFAABFAB36C02" box="[166,1337,1376,1401]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="393" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90FAABFD606C02" box="[520,746,1376,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Mean ± standard error</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFFAABFBB46C02" box="[823,1086,1376,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27FAABFAB36C02" box="[1215,1337,1376,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Growth rate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EFA42FAB36CDA" box="[166,1337,1417,1441]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EFA42FF6A6CDA" box="[166,224,1417,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">I</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90FA42FD606CDA" box="[520,746,1417,1441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.158 ± 0.004</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFFA42FBB46CDA" box="[823,1086,1417,1441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.166-0.146</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27FA42FAB36CDA" box="[1215,1337,1417,1441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EFA7AFAB36CB2" box="[166,1337,1457,1481]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EFA7AFF6A6CB2" box="[166,224,1457,1481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">II</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90FA7AFD606CB2" box="[520,746,1457,1481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.201 ± 0.003</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFFA7AFBB46CB2" box="[823,1086,1457,1481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.187-0,208</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27FA7AFAB36CB2" box="[1215,1337,1457,1481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">1,27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EFA12FAB36C8A" box="[166,1337,1497,1521]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EFA12FF6A6C8A" box="[166,224,1497,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">III</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90FA12FD606C8A" box="[520,746,1497,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.294± 0.003</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFFA12FBB46C8A" box="[823,1086,1497,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.271-0.312</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27FA12FAB36C8A" box="[1215,1337,1497,1521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">1,46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EF9C9FAB36F61" box="[166,1337,1538,1562]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EF9C9FF6A6F61" box="[166,224,1538,1562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">IV</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90F9C9FD606F61" box="[520,746,1538,1562]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.238± 0.003</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFF9C9FBB46F61" box="[823,1086,1538,1562]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.229-0.249</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27F9C9FAB36F61" box="[1215,1337,1538,1562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A92A0004FF3EF9E1FAB36F39" box="[166,1337,1578,1602]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA92A0004FF3EF9E1FF6A6F39" box="[166,224,1578,1602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">V</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FD90F9E1FD606F39" box="[520,746,1578,1602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.327± 0.004</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FCAFF9E1FBB46F39" box="[823,1086,1578,1602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">0.317-0.348</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA92A0004FB27F9E1FAB36F39" box="[1215,1337,1578,1602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">1,37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92AFFFCFF5FF9BAFD18681E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1649,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">
|
||
Sap-feeding larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFE39F9BAFE746FF0" box="[417,510,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFD93F9BAFDDC6FF0" box="[523,598,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">4C–M</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFDFBF9B9FD086FF7" box="[611,642,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body covered with sparse microtrichia, particularly around thoracic and abdominal appendices; setae mostly reduced or absent. Head: flattened, prognathous. Labrum bi-lobed, with distally concave, serrated margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFD86F972FD176FA8" box="[542,669,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 4D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium slightly bi-lobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFC43F972FBE96FA8" box="[987,1123,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Figs. 4E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); hypopharynx densely spinose. Maxillary and labial palpi absent. Spinneret is not differentiated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFC20F916FB996F8C" box="[952,1043,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae tri-segmented, with the distal segment having two globular and one filiform sensillum. Stemmata absent. Four pairs of median-sized setae, laterally, on the middle section of the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFD13F8EEFD6F6E44" box="[651,741,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax: dorsal and ventral plates progressively more developed in later instars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFE14F882FE636E18" box="[396,489,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs vestigial, reduced to small callosities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFC6FF882FBE46E18" box="[1015,1134,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Figs.4J–K</figureCitation>
|
||
), each bearing three small setae. Four pairs of setae dorsally on prothorax, two pairs on anterior margin outside the dorsal plate, and two posteriorly located, internal to the plate. Similar setae on meso- and metathorax, the posterior ones located outside the plate, close to its margin. Two pairs of lateral setae with greater size, and unequal length, on each thoracic segment. A pair of dorsal calli on T1-3 next to the lateral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92AFFFDFC99F812FCC56E88" box="[769,847,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="393">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen: similar to thorax, plates of each segment are progressively more developed in the second and third instars on Ab1-9. Pairs of ventral calli on segments Ab3- 5, each bearing three small setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFD80FF70FD1369AE" box="[536,665,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 4L–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three pairs of dorsal setae, lateral to the plate on Ab1-5; two pairs of dorsal setae, lateral to the plate on Ab 6-9, two pairs of lateral setae, the anterior larger than the posterior one on Ab1-5 and smaller than the posterior one on Ab6-9; one pair of ventral, short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFBCCFEC8FB246866" box="[1108,1198,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB23FEC8FB556866" box="[1211,1247,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">4L</figureCitation>
|
||
); twelve pairs of setae on Ab10; three pairs dorsally, the anterior ones longer than the posterior; four laterally, the anterior longer than the posterior ones, and five ventral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFDB3FE80FD0F681E" box="[555,645,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92BFFFCFF5FFEA4FB676D4E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Tissue-feeding larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE25FEA4FDAB68F2" box="[445,545,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFDB6FEA5FDB468F2" box="[558,574,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFDD3FEA4FDE668F2" box="[587,620,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body covered with dense microtrichia. Head subcylindrical, hypognathous. Labrum with concave distal margin, bearing three pairs of setae on lateral margins, and two meso-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFF07FE7CFF7268AA" box="[159,248,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontoclypeus ill-defined. Three pairs of ill-defined stemmata, latero-ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB19FE7CFB5268AA" box="[1153,1240,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae threesegmented; distal segment narrower, with two stout sensilla, and one filiform sensillum on distal margin; middle segment with four stout sensilla, two of medium size and one short, and one longer, filiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB54FE34FAA96B62" box="[1228,1315,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillae well developed, with palpi bearing five pairs of stout sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFCCCFDE8FC206B46" box="[852,938,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinneret short, tubular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB4FFDE8FAA56B46" box="[1239,1327,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chaetotaxy: C1 and F1, present, short; AF1, AF2, P1, P2, and L1, present, minute; A trisetose, short; S trisetose, long; SS trisetose, short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFED1FDA1FE046BFE" box="[329,398,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs.5</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). Thorax with legs well developed; setae four, two, and four, on coxa, tibia and tarsi, respectively; tarsi with hooked, distal claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFDF7FD44FD406BD2" box="[623,714,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prothoracic plate well developed with four rounded lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFAF7FD44FF316BB6" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prothoracic and abdominal spiracle circular on Ab1-8, with peritreme slightly elevated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB5FFD78FA926BB6" box="[1223,1304,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen with three pairs of pseudopodia on segments Ab3-5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFD7EFD1CFCBF6B8A" box="[742,821,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||
), and one on Ab10. Crochets uniordinal, distributed on center and anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE48FD30FDDF6A6E" box="[464,597,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 5K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chaetotaxy: thorax with XD group bisetose, with XD2 longer than XD1; SD2 absent on prothorax, but present on meso- and metathorax, and shorter than SD1; D-group bisetose, with D1 shorter than D2. MD1 present on meso- and metathorax. L-group bisetose on prothorax, with L1 shorter than L2; trisetose on meso- and metathorax, near equal in size. SV1 present on all segments, with smaller sizes on meso- and metathorax. V-group unisetose. Abdomen with SD-group bisetose, with SD2 short, located near the spiracle. MD1 near SD2. D-group bisetose, with D1 shorter than D2. L-group bisetose with near equal size on Ab3-5; only L3 present on Ab1-2 and Ab6-8. SV-group trisetose, near to pseudopodia on Ab3-5; only SV1 present on Ab1-2 and Ab6-8. V-group unisetose, present on Ab7 an Ab9. D2, SD1, L3, and SV1 present with near equal size on Ab9. Ten pairs of unnamed setae on Ab10; four pairs located dorsally, one pair laterally and five ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFBE5FBD0FB6A6D4E" box="[1149,1248,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92BFFFCFF5FFBF4FF576CBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFF5FFBF4FE886D23" box="[199,258,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE8AFBF4FEFF6D22" box="[274,373,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[154,1434,181,876]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Immature stages of Porphyrosela arachisella under light microscopy: (A) sap-feeding larva; (B) tissue-feeding larva; (C) pupa. All in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bars: 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE19FBF4FE056D22" box="[385,399,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE5FFBF4FE676D22" box="[455,493,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Yellowish in general color; sub-cylindrical in shape, with head and thorax slightly wider than abdomen, which tapers gradually to posterior apex. Maximum diameter and length of specimens examined (n = 10) = 0.7 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA53EB7A92BFFFCFE3BFB4CFE766DDA" box="[419,508,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. Vertex with relatively short, broadly triangular, acute frontal process (cocoon-cutter) with serrate lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFD0DFB60FD6F6DBE" box="[661,741,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). Lower frons with two pairs of short setae, with lateral setae half the length of mesal ones. Antenna long and straight, extending to 7th abdominal segment (Ab7); forewing reaching almost to Ab6; proboscis extending to middle Ab1; anterior, median, and posterior legs reaching abdominal segments Ab2, Ab4, and Ab7, respectively. One pair of dorsal setae anteriorly located on mesothorax; two pairs of dorsal setae in similar position on metathorax, and Ab1-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFCC0FAF0FC256C2E" box="[856,943,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
); one pair of subspiracular setae on Ab4-6. Abdominal segments covered with microtrichia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFD51FA94FCDC6C02" box="[713,854,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 6G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracle with elevated peritreme, open on Ab2-7 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFF07FA48FF736CE6" box="[159,249,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of the last segment with two pairs of flattened hooks, one dorsal and the other lateral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFAFCFA48FF2F6CBA" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-158@11.[154,1434,489,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella pupa: (A–B) head, under ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C–D) cocoon-cutter in detail, anterior and ventral views, respectively; (E) abdominal segments Ab1–2, lateral; (F) dorsal setae on abdominal segment Ab1, lateral (area delimited by rectangle in E); (G) spiracle on abdominal segment Ab6, lateral; (H) last abdominal segments, dorsal; (I) corresponding flattened hooks in detail, dorsal (indicated by the red rectangle in H). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E), 25 μm (C), 20 μm (D, F), 10 μm (G), 50 μm (H), 5 μm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838453/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H-I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92BFFFCFF5FFA00FA176C9E" box="[199,1437,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92BFFFCFF5FFA00FA176C9E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1437,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFF5FFA00FEC26C9E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFD0EFA00FD676C9E" box="[662,749,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFD0EFA00FD676C9E" box="[662,749,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Arachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., the food plant, and is treated as a feminine Latin adjective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347C0D9A92BFFF0FF5FFA24FEFD68AA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92BFFFCFF5FFA24FD686F9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFF5FFA24FD9E6F73" bold="true" box="[199,532,1518,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Host plant and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFD82FA24FCBD6F72" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[538,823,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFD82FA24FCBD6F72" box="[538,823,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from cultivated plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFB65FA24FDBC6F56" authority="Kranov. & W. C. Gregory" authorityName="Kranov. & W. C. Gregory" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFB65FA24FA166F73" box="[1277,1436,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
Kranov. & W.C. Gregory (Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, located in urban gardens of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49995DB0A92BFFFCFCE2F9D8FC346F56" box="[890,958,1555,1581]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49995DB0A92BFFFCFC51F9D8FBC76F56" box="[969,1101,1555,1581]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Goiás State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Brasília,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49995DB0A92BFFFCFB75F9D8FA166F56" box="[1261,1436,1555,1581]" country="Brazil" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Federal District</collectingRegion>
|
||
(National Congress of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AD3C2A92BFFFCFE0BF9FCFE516F2A" box="[403,475,1591,1617]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFE7EF9FCFDB46F2A" box="[486,574,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), from which adults were reared. The hostplant was originally described from the Cerrado, a biome within which such municipalities are located. However, it is unknown whether these plants were locally infested or transplanted with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFDF3F9B4FC896FE2" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[619,771,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFDF3F9B4FC896FE2" box="[619,771,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the urban gardens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFC61F9B4FB1D6FE3" box="[1017,1175,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFC61F9B4FB1D6FE3" box="[1017,1175,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Arachis pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an herbaceous, evergreen legume with prostrate growing habitat. It is drought-resistant and well adapted to heavy rain and is cultivated as a forage crop for cattle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A92BFFFCFE5BF90CFD5F6F9A" author="Kerridge, P. C. & Hardy, B." box="[451,725,1735,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" refId="ref10134" refString="Kerridge, P. C. & Hardy, B. (1994) Biology and agronomy of forage Arachis. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, 209 pp." type="book" year="1994">Kerridge & Hardy 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A92BFFF0FF5FF921FDCA683A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFF5FF921FEDF6E7F" bold="true" box="[199,341,1770,1796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFEF0F920FE2D6E7E" box="[360,423,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig.7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A92BFFFCFE25F920FD576E7E" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[445,733,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A92BFFFCFE25F920FD576E7E" box="[445,733,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs are laid in clusters of three, placed side by side on the upper surface of the leaf, partially overlapping each other on the lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFBA4F8C4FB1D6E52" box="[1084,1175,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Porphyrosela arachisella egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFB3CF8C4FB406E52" box="[1188,1226,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). During eclosion, the sap-feeding larvae penetrate the leaf epidermis, leaving the empty chorion on the leaf surface. They promptly initiate the mine, which has a blotch aspect from the beginning, increasing in size during larval development. The sap-feeding larva uses the superficial layer of parenchyma, leaving the transparent, lustrous epidermis intact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFAF7F8B0FF2D6EC2" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tissue-feeding stage, however, extends feeding to lower layers, as evidenced by the feeding scars that can be seen by transparency on the abaxial surface on a mature mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A92BFFFCFCE1F808FC426EA6" box="[889,968,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="394">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the end, it is internally lined with silk by the larvae. In consequence, the leaf is folded upwards, the mine thus showing the tentiform aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A927FFF0FAA2FF5CFA1E69CA" box="[1338,1428,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
) typically found among lithocolletine gracillariids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A927FFF0FD55FF70FC4E69AE" author="Kawahara, A. Y. & Plotkin, D. & Ohshima, I. & Lopez-Vaamonde, C. & Houlihan, P. & Breinholt, J. W. & Kawakita, A. & Xiao, L. & Regier, J. C. & Davis, D. R. & Kumata, T. & Sohn, J. C. & De Prins, J. & Mitter, C." box="[717,964,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="398" pagination="60 - 81" refId="ref10008" refString="Kawahara, A. Y., Plotkin, D., Ohshima, I., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Houlihan, P., Breinholt, J. W., Kawakita, A., Xiao, L., Regier, J. C., Davis, D. R., Kumata, T., Sohn, J. C., De Prins, J. & Mitter, C. (2017) A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host use evolution. Systematic Entomology, 42, 60 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12210" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Kawahara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A927FFF0FCDFFF70FCF369AE" box="[839,889,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Pupation occurs inside the mine. During adult emergence, the mine wall is ruptured by the frontal process of the pupa (cocoon-cutter). Generally, after the adult emergence, the anterior half of the pupal exuviae (head and thorax) protrudes outside, while the posterior half remains in the pupal cocoon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A927FFF0FE7AFEECFDB9683A" box="[482,563,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA924FFF3FF0FF884FA166E8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838449/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="395" startId="8.[151,250,1871,1895]" targetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A924FFF3FF0FF884FA166E8C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1871,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A924FFF3FF0FF884FE9F6E1C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1871,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A924FFF3FD1BF884FC0D6E1C" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[643,903,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A924FFF3FD1BF884FC0D6E1C" box="[643,903,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="395">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg (A, B) and sap-feeding larva (C–M): (A) eggcluster, dorsal view; (B) detail of chorion, dorsal; (C–E) head, lateral, dorsal and ventral, respectively; (F) antenna, dorsal; (G) labrum, dorsal; (H) labium, ventral; (I) mesothoracic callus, dorsal; (J) mesothorax, lateral (arrow indicates dorsal callus); (K) vestigial thoracic legs, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in J); (L) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (M) abdominal callus, lateral (indicated by the red rectangle in L). Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 20 μm (B, K, M), 50 μm (C, D, E, J, L), 10 μm (F, G, H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA925FFF2FF0FF884FB4F6E8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6838451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="396" startId="9.[151,250,1871,1895]" targetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A925FFF2FF0FF884FB4F6E8C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1871,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A925FFF2FF0FF884FE986E1C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1871,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A925FFF2FDE8F884FCFA6E1C" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[624,880,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A925FFF2FDE8F884FCFA6E1C" box="[624,880,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="396">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tissue-feeding larva: (A–C) head, in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively (closed and open arrows point to spinneret and stemma, respectively); (D) labrum and frontoclypeus, dorsal; (E) maxila, mesal; (F) left antenna, dorsal, (G) mesothorax, lateral, (H) mesothoracic leg, ventral; (I) prothoracic spiracle, lateral; (J) abdominal segment Ab3, lateral; (K) proleg of abdominal segment Ab5, latero-ventral; (L) crochets in detail, latero-ventral. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, G, J), 10 μm (D, E, F), 25 μm (H, K), 5 μm (E, I, L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF22C3DAA926FFF1FF0FFF53FA97685E" ID-Table-UUID="DF22C3DAA926FFF1FF0FFF53FA97685E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF22C3DAA926FFF1FF0FFF53FA97685E" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" startId="10.[151,214,152,176]" targetBox="[166,1419,305,2004]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A926FFF1FF0FFF53FA97685E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<tableNote id="76BB92DCA926FFF1FF0FFF53FA97685E" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" targetBox="[166,1419,305,2004]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FF0FFF53FF7B69D4" bold="true" box="[151,241,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens used for molecular analyses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FD5BFF5CFC2569D4" box="[707,943,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FD5BFF5CFCD969D4" box="[707,851,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The clusters refer to 10 BINs (Barcode Index Number;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCEEA3A926FFF1FF67FF7EFDD369B6" author="Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P. D. N." box="[255,601,181,205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" pagination="66213" refId="ref10518" refString="Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2013) A DNA-Based Registry for All Animal Species: The Barcode Index Number (BIN) System. PLoS ONE, 8, e 66213. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0066213" type="journal article" year="2013">Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) identified for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FC99FF7EFC1B69B6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[769,913,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FC99FF7EFC1B69B6" box="[769,913,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by BOLD Systems v4 and three new BINs not assigned yet in the database, which includes the new species (new BIN 1). Process ID codes are unique identifiers linking the record in the BOLD database. Sample ID of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FD03FF3BFCA7687C" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[667,813,239,263]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FD03FF3BFCA7687C" box="[667,813,239,263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">P. arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
links to the voucher specimen from which the sequence is derived. The species name follows data recorded for each Process ID, as well as their host plant and locality.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A926FFF1FF3EFEFAFDFF6EAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<table id="F95D61F2A9260004FF3EFEFAFA016EAF" box="[166,1419,305,2004]" gridcols="6" gridrows="57" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFEFAFA016831" box="[166,1419,305,330]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFEFAFF346831" box="[166,190,305,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FF3EFEFAFF396832" bold="true" box="[166,179,305,329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">#</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FEFAFE1D6831" box="[233,407,305,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FF71FEF9FEB76831" bold="true" box="[233,317,306,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Cluster</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FEFAFC826831" box="[465,776,305,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FE49FEF9FD5D6832" bold="true" box="[465,727,305,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Process ID (sample ID)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFEFAFC7A6831" box="[805,1008,305,330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFEF9FCF26831" bold="true" box="[805,888,306,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFEFAFB006831" box="[1043,1162,305,330]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BFEF9FB006831" bold="true" box="[1043,1162,306,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Host plant</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFEFAFA016831" box="[1203,1419,305,330]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB2BFEF9FA9A6831" bold="true" box="[1203,1296,306,330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Locality</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFE98FA016812" box="[166,1419,339,361]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFE98FF346812" box="[166,190,339,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FE98FE1D6812" box="[233,407,339,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">New BIN 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FE98FC826812" box="[465,776,339,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GRABR013-21 (LMCI344-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFE98FC7A6812" box="[805,1008,339,361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFE98FC2D6813" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,339,360]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFE98FC2D6813" box="[805,935,339,360]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFE98FA016812" box="[1203,1419,339,361]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Brazil: Brasilia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFEBAFA0168FD" box="[166,1419,369,390]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FEBAFC8268FD" box="[465,776,369,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">47A); GRABR014-21 (LMCI</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFEBAFC7A68FD" box="[805,1008,369,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFEBAFC1B68FD" authority="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira, 2022" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,913,369,390]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFEBAFC1B68FD" box="[805,913,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF23BA926FFF1FC0FFEBAFC5668FD" box="[919,988,369,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFEBAFB0068FD" box="[1043,1162,369,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BFEBAFBD468FD" box="[1043,1118,369,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BFEBAFBD468FD" box="[1043,1118,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Arachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFE45FA0168DF" box="[166,1419,398,420]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FE45FC8268DF" box="[465,776,398,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">344-47B); GRABR015-21</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFE45FB0068DF" box="[1043,1162,398,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BFE44FBC168DF" box="[1043,1099,399,420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BFE44FBC168DF" box="[1043,1099,399,420]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">pintoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFE60FA0168BA" box="[166,1419,427,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FE60FC8268BA" box="[465,776,427,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">(LMCI 344-47C); GRABR016-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFE02FA0168A5" box="[166,1419,457,478]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FE02FC8268A5" box="[465,776,457,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">21 (LMCI 344-47D)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFE23FA016885" box="[166,1419,488,510]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFE23FF346885" box="[166,190,488,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FE23FE1D6885" box="[233,407,488,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">New BIN 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FE23FC826885" box="[465,776,488,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">CNCLA3613-13</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFE23FC7A6885" box="[805,1008,488,510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFE23FC2D6886" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,488,509]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFE23FC2D6886" box="[805,935,488,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFE23FA016885" box="[1203,1419,488,510]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Canada: Ontario</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFDCDFA016B60" box="[166,1419,518,539]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFDCDFC7A6B60" box="[805,1008,518,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFDCDFC136B60" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[805,921,518,539]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFDCDFC136B60" box="[805,921,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFDEEFA016B47" box="[166,1419,549,572]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFDEEFF346B47" box="[166,190,549,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FDEEFE1D6B47" box="[233,407,549,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">New BIN 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FDEEFC826B47" box="[465,776,549,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAFD139-15; GMAFJ910-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFDEEFC7A6B47" box="[805,1008,549,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFDEDFC2D6B40" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,550,571]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFDEDFC2D6B40" box="[805,935,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFDEEFB006B47" box="[1043,1162,549,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFDEEFA016B47" box="[1203,1419,549,572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Argentina: Formosa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD88FA016B22" box="[166,1419,579,601]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD88FC826B22" box="[465,776,579,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFDA8FA016B02" box="[166,1419,611,633]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFDA8FF346B02" box="[166,190,611,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FDA8FE1D6B02" box="[233,407,611,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:AAG1161</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FDA8FC826B02" box="[465,776,611,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GCQT2493-18; GCQT617-17;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFDA8FC7A6B02" box="[805,1008,611,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFDA8FC2D6B03" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,611,632]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFDA8FC2D6B03" box="[805,935,611,632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFDA8FB006B02" box="[1043,1162,611,633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BFDA8FB0C6B03" box="[1043,1158,611,632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BFDA8FB0C6B03" box="[1043,1158,611,632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Desmodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFDA8FA016B02" box="[1203,1419,611,633]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Australia: Queensland</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD4BFA016BEE" box="[166,1419,640,661]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD4BFC826BEE" box="[465,776,640,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAHA119-18; GMAHA473-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD56FA016BC8" box="[166,1419,669,691]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD56FC826BC8" box="[465,776,669,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">18; GMAHA586-18;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD70FA016BAA" box="[166,1419,699,721]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD70FC826BAA" box="[465,776,699,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAHG298-18; GMAHK665-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD13FA016B96" box="[166,1419,728,749]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD13FC826B96" box="[465,776,728,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">18; GMAHK998-18;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFD3EFA016A70" box="[166,1419,757,779]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FD3EFC826A70" box="[465,776,757,779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">LOQTE507-09</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFCDEFA016A50" box="[166,1419,789,811]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFCDEFF346A50" box="[166,190,789,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FCDEFE1D6A50" box="[233,407,789,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ABV2088</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FCDEFC826A50" box="[465,776,789,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMACG1157-15;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFCDEFC7A6A50" box="[805,1008,789,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFCDEFC2D6A51" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,789,810]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFCDEFC2D6A51" box="[805,935,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFCDEFB006A50" box="[1043,1162,789,811]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFCDEFA016A50" box="[1203,1419,789,811]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Costa Rica:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFCF9FA016A33" box="[166,1419,818,840]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FCF9FC826A33" box="[465,776,818,840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMACM779-15; GMACM787-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFCF9FA016A33" box="[1203,1419,818,840]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Guanacaste</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFC9BFA016A1D" box="[166,1419,848,870]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FC9BFC826A1D" box="[465,776,848,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFCA4FA016AFD" box="[166,1419,879,902]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFCA4FF346AFD" box="[166,190,879,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FCA4FE1D6AFD" box="[233,407,879,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ABV5485</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FCA4FC826AFD" box="[465,776,879,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">LNOUD806-12; GMGSX014-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFCA4FC7A6AFD" box="[805,1008,879,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFCBBFC7A6AFE" baseAuthorityName="Betancourt & Scatoni" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[805,1008,880,901]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFCBBFC7A6AFE" box="[805,1008,880,901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFCA4FB006AFD" box="[1043,1162,879,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BFCBBFBFD6AFE" box="[1043,1143,880,901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BFCBBFBFD6AFE" box="[1043,1143,880,901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Lespedeza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFCA4FA016AFD" box="[1203,1419,879,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">French Guiana; USA:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFC46FA016AD8" box="[166,1419,909,931]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FC46FC826AD8" box="[465,776,909,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">13; GMRDM044-18;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFC46FB006AD8" box="[1043,1162,909,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB81FC46FBF56AD8" authorityName="Rudd" authorityYear="1968" box="[1049,1151,909,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Faboideae">Faboideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFC46FA016AD8" box="[1203,1419,909,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Tennessee; USA:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFC61FA016ABB" box="[166,1419,938,960]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FC61FC826ABB" box="[465,776,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">LNOUD830-12; MNAM1114-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFC61FA016ABB" box="[1203,1419,938,960]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">California; Uruguay:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFC0CFA016AA5" box="[166,1419,967,990]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FC0CFC826AA5" box="[465,776,967,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">16; MNAM1115-16</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFC0CFA016AA5" box="[1203,1419,967,990]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Montevideo; Mexico:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFC2EFA016A80" box="[166,1419,997,1019]" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFC2EFA016A80" box="[1203,1419,997,1019]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Jalisco; USA: North</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFBC9FA016D63" box="[166,1419,1026,1048]" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFBC9FA016D63" box="[1203,1419,1026,1048]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Carolina; USA:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFBEBFA016D4D" box="[166,1419,1056,1078]" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFBEBFA016D4D" box="[1203,1419,1056,1078]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Oklahoma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFBF4FA016D2E" box="[166,1419,1087,1109]" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFBF4FF346D2E" box="[166,190,1087,1109]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FBF4FE1D6D2E" box="[233,407,1087,1109]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ACG4759</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FBF4FC826D2E" box="[465,776,1087,1109]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMCRH324-13;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFBF4FC7A6D2E" box="[805,1008,1087,1109]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFBF4FC2D6D2F" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1087,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFBF4FC2D6D2F" box="[805,935,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFBF4FB006D2E" box="[1043,1162,1087,1109]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFBF4FA016D2E" box="[1203,1419,1087,1109]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Costa Rica:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFB97FA016D09" box="[166,1419,1116,1138]" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FB97FC826D09" box="[465,776,1116,1138]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMCYY1845-15</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFB97FA016D09" box="[1203,1419,1116,1138]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Guanacaste</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFBB7FA016DE9" box="[166,1419,1148,1170]" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFBB7FF346DE9" box="[166,190,1148,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FBB7FE1D6DE9" box="[233,407,1148,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ACM5075</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FBB7FC826DE9" box="[465,776,1148,1170]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAFV343-15; GMAFZ377-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFBB7FC7A6DE9" box="[805,1008,1148,1170]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFBB7FC2D6DEA" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1148,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFBB7FC2D6DEA" box="[805,935,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFBB7FB006DE9" box="[1043,1162,1148,1170]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFBB7FA016DE9" box="[1203,1419,1148,1170]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Argentina: Formosa;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFB51FA016DCB" box="[166,1419,1178,1200]" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FB51FC826DCB" box="[465,776,1178,1200]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15; GMAGF616-15;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFB51FA016DCB" box="[1203,1419,1178,1200]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Argentina: Misiones</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFB7CFA016DB6" box="[166,1419,1207,1229]" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FB7CFC826DB6" box="[465,776,1207,1229]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAGH921-15; GMARC858-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFB1FFA016D91" box="[166,1419,1236,1258]" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FB1FFC826D91" box="[465,776,1236,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">14; GMARS864-14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFB3FFA016C71" box="[166,1419,1268,1290]" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFB3FFF346C71" box="[166,190,1268,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">9</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FB3FFE1D6C71" box="[233,407,1268,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ACQ3885</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FB3FFC826C71" box="[465,776,1268,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GBGL16075-14; GMARA531-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFB3FFC7A6C71" box="[805,1008,1268,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFB3FFC2D6C72" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1268,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFB3FFC2D6C72" box="[805,935,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFB3FFB006C71" box="[1043,1162,1268,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFADAFA016C5C" box="[166,1419,1297,1319]" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FADAFC826C5C" box="[465,776,1297,1319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFADAFC7A6C5C" box="[805,1008,1297,1319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFADAFC2B6C5D" box="[805,929,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFADAFC116C5D" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[805,923,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">desmodiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFADAFA016C5C" box="[1203,1419,1297,1319]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Argentina: Misiones</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFAE4FA016C3F" box="[166,1419,1327,1348]" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFAE4FC7A6C3F" box="[805,1008,1327,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFAE4FC2D6C3F" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1327,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFAE4FC2D6C3F" box="[805,935,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA84FA016C1E" box="[166,1419,1359,1381]" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EFA84FF346C1E" box="[166,190,1359,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">10</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71FA84FE1D6C1E" box="[233,407,1359,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ACU1471</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA84FC826C1E" box="[465,776,1359,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">PLABY202-19; GMMAE770-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDFA84FC7A6C1E" box="[805,1008,1359,1381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDFA84FC2D6C1F" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1359,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDFA84FC2D6C1F" box="[805,935,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BFA84FB006C1E" box="[1043,1162,1359,1381]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFA84FA016C1E" box="[1203,1419,1359,1381]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Costa Rica:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFAA7FA016CF9" box="[166,1419,1388,1410]" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FAA7FC826CF9" box="[465,776,1388,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15; GMMAE945-15;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFAA7FA016CF9" box="[1203,1419,1388,1410]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Guanacaste; Mexico:</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA42FA016CE4" box="[166,1419,1417,1439]" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA42FC826CE4" box="[465,776,1417,1439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCV088-15;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BFA42FA016CE4" box="[1203,1419,1417,1439]" gridcol="5" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Jalisco</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA6DFA016CC7" box="[166,1419,1446,1468]" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA6DFC826CC7" box="[465,776,1446,1468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCW028-15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA0FFA016CA1" box="[166,1419,1476,1498]" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA0FFC826CA1" box="[465,776,1476,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCW054-15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA2AFA016C8C" box="[166,1419,1505,1527]" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA2AFC826C8C" box="[465,776,1505,1527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCW065-15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EFA35FA016F6F" box="[166,1419,1534,1556]" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49FA35FC826F6F" box="[465,776,1534,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCX431-15; GMMCZ477-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF9D7FA016F49" box="[166,1419,1564,1586]" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F9D7FC826F49" box="[465,776,1564,1586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15; GMMCZ478-15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF9F2FA016F34" box="[166,1419,1593,1615]" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F9F2FC826F34" box="[465,776,1593,1615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCZ493-15; PLABU801-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF99DFA016F17" box="[166,1419,1622,1644]" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F99DFC826F17" box="[465,776,1622,1644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">19; GMMAQ136-15;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF9BFFA016FF1" box="[166,1419,1652,1674]" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F9BFFC826FF1" box="[465,776,1652,1674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMMCY715-15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF95FFA016FD1" box="[166,1419,1684,1706]" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EF95FFF346FD1" box="[166,190,1684,1706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">11</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71F95FFE1D6FD1" box="[233,407,1684,1706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ACY4113</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F95FFC826FD1" box="[465,776,1684,1706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">WOGRA414-15; WOGRA415-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDF95FFC7A6FD1" box="[805,1008,1684,1706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDF95FFC2D6FD2" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1684,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDF95FFC2D6FD2" box="[805,935,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BF95FFB006FD1" box="[1043,1162,1684,1706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BF95FFBE66FD1" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1043,1132,1684,1706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF95FFA016FD1" box="[1203,1419,1684,1706]" gridcol="5" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Suriname: Wanica</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF97AFA016FBC" box="[166,1419,1713,1735]" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F97AFC826FBC" box="[465,776,1713,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF91AFA016F9C" box="[166,1419,1745,1767]" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EF91AFF346F9C" box="[166,190,1745,1767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">12</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71F91AFE1D6F9C" box="[233,407,1745,1767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ADT2137</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F91AFC826F9C" box="[465,776,1745,1767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">NSWHO3192-18</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDF91AFC7A6F9C" box="[805,1008,1745,1767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDF91AFC2D6F9D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDF91AFC2D6F9D" box="[805,935,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BF91AFB006F9C" box="[1043,1162,1745,1767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF91AFA016F9C" box="[1203,1419,1745,1767]" gridcol="5" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Australia: New South</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF925FA016E7F" box="[166,1419,1774,1796]" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF925FA016E7F" box="[1203,1419,1774,1796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Wales</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF8C5FA016E5F" box="[166,1419,1806,1828]" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<th id="76BCF86CA9260004FF3EF8C5FF346E5F" box="[166,190,1806,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">13</th>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FF71F8C5FE1D6E5F" box="[233,407,1806,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">BOLD:ADU9985</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F8C5FC826E5F" box="[465,776,1806,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">WOGRA320-15;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FCBDF8C5FC7A6E5F" box="[805,1008,1806,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FCBDF8C5FC2D6E58" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,935,1806,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FCBDF8C5FC2D6E58" box="[805,935,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB8BF8C5FB006E5F" box="[1043,1162,1806,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A926FFF1FB8BF8C5FB0C6E58" box="[1043,1158,1806,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A926FFF1FB8BF8C5FB0C6E58" box="[1043,1158,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Desmodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF8C5FA016E5F" box="[1203,1419,1806,1828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Vietnam: Ninh Binh;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF8E0FA016E3A" box="[166,1419,1835,1857]" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F8E0FC826E3A" box="[465,776,1835,1857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMBRR456-18; GCQT365-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF8E0FA016E3A" box="[1203,1419,1835,1857]" gridcol="5" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Bangladesh: Rajshahi;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF882FA016E24" box="[166,1419,1865,1887]" gridrow="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F882FC826E24" box="[465,776,1865,1887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">17; GMAHB301-18;</td>
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FB2BF882FA016E24" box="[1203,1419,1865,1887]" gridcol="5" gridrow="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">Australia: Queensland</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF8ADFA016E07" box="[166,1419,1894,1916]" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F8ADFC826E07" box="[465,776,1894,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAHD325-18; GMAHQ879-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF848FA016EE3" box="[166,1419,1923,1944]" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F848FC826EE3" box="[465,776,1923,1944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">18; GMAHR1081-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF86BFA016ECD" box="[166,1419,1952,1974]" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F86BFC826ECD" box="[465,776,1952,1974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">18; GMAHR1167-18;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D9110A9260004FF3EF875FA016EAF" box="[166,1419,1982,2004]" gridrow="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="397" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76BCF86CA9260004FE49F875FC826EAF" box="[465,776,1982,2004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="397">GMAHR861-18;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE29352A927FFF0FF5FFE80FEFD68AA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">
|
||
Frequently, more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B58DBA927FFF0FE50FE80FDAB681E" box="[456,545,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="398" type="egg">one egg</specimenCount>
|
||
cluster is found per leaf. In such cases, mines may coalesce into one, forming larger units that may cover most of the leaf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A927FFF0FD11FEA4FC2F68F2" authorityName="Fochezato & Brito & Gonçalves & Specht & Becker & Moreira" authorityYear="2022" box="[649,933,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9294F40A927FFF0FD11FEA4FC2F68F2" box="[649,933,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">Porphyrosela arachisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mines are abundant on the Brasília site (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13668FD7A927FFF0FAF7FEA4FF3068D6" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-37@12.[167,1421,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Natural history of Porphyrosela arachisella at the garden of Federal State Senate, Brasília, DF: (A) general view of the garden; (B) Arachis pintoi plant stand; (C) mines on A. pintoi leaves in detail; (D) eggs on adaxial leaf surface; (E) sapfeeding larva, dorsal; (F) tissue-feeding larva, dorsal; (G) pupa, dorsal; (H, I) mature mines viewed from adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; (J) pupal exuviae protruding from cocoon after adult emergence. Scale bars: 3 cm (C); 100 μm (D), 400 μm (E), 500 μm (F, G, J), 1 cm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6838457/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
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), where plants are fertilized and watered periodically. There was no attempt to measure damage they cause to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DE8D1A927FFF0FA1CFE58FF5268AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pintoi">
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<emphasis id="B9294F40A927FFF0FA1CFE58FF5268AB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="398">A. pintoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plants, if any.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |