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<document ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5237800" ID-ZooBank="68F315FF-3FEB-410E-96EC-5F494510F440" approvalRequired="65" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="63" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1629535407606" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Parnaby, Harry E., Ingleby, Sandy &amp; Divljan, Anja" docDate="2017" docId="03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.69.5.277-420.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 69 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pharotis imogene Thomas 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="FFE4FFB0FFB973351832FFEBFFD5973C" masterDocTitle="Type Specimens of Non-fossil Mammals in the Australian Museum, Sydney" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="277" pageNumber="408" updateTime="1674245310755" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Type Specimens of Non-fossil Mammals in the Australian Museum, Sydney</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Parnaby, Harry E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ingleby, Sandy</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Divljan, Anja</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-10-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>69</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:start>277</mods:start>
<mods:end>420</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1653</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5237800</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">68F315FF-3FEB-410E-96EC-5F494510F440</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<subSubSection box="[898,1317,919,946]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="131.[898,1317,919,946]" box="[898,1317,919,946]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<heading box="[898,1317,919,946]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4FVHJ" authority="Thomas, 1914 b" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[898,1317,919,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imogene">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[898,1317,919,946]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[898,1114,919,946]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Pharotis imogene</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, O" box="[1123,1317,920,946]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" pagination="381 - 383" refId="ref146079" refString="Thomas, O. 1914 b. A new genus of bats allied to Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 14 (83): 381 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693589" type="journal article" year="1914">Thomas, 1914b</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[824,1388,961,983]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="131.[824,1388,961,983]" box="[824,1388,961,983]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis box="[824,1096,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 8)</emphasis>
14: 382. (1 November, 1914).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[794,1278,999,1023]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="131.[794,1278,999,1023]" box="[794,1278,999,1023]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,968,999,1023]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Common name</emphasis>
. New
<collectingCountry box="[1038,1115,999,1023]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Guinea</collectingCountry>
Big-eared Bat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="131.[792,1420,1039,1092]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,950,1039,1063]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Current name</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1914 b" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[961,1310,1039,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imogene">
<emphasis box="[961,1144,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Pharotis imogene</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, O" box="[1146,1310,1039,1063]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" pagination="381 - 383" refId="ref146079" refString="Thomas, O. 1914 b. A new genus of bats allied to Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 14 (83): 381 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693589" type="journal article" year="1914">Thomas, 1914b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; following
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, N" box="[792,974,1068,1092]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref144483" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, ed. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, pp. 312 - 529. Baltimore, USA: The Johns Hopkins University Press." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="131.[793,1422,1108,1250]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,900,1108,1132]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1890-11" collectorName="Dr L. Loria" country="Papua New Guinea" location="lower Kemp Welch River" municipality="Central Province" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" specimenCount="1">
M.2561, adult female, body in alc., skull, Kamali,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3A73B61B47FB99FB5693B6" box="[885,1155,1138,1162]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Central Province" name="lower Kemp Welch River" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">lower Kemp Welch River</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1165,1347,1138,1162]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Central Province</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, collected by
<collectorName box="[1091,1223,1167,1191]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Dr L. Loria</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1237,1417,1167,1191]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="1890-11">
<collectingDate box="[1237,1417,1167,1191]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="1890-11">November 1890</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1915-05-26" collectionCode="BMNH, AM" country="Papua New Guinea" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" specimenCount="1">
Exchanged from
<collectionCode box="[983,1063,1197,1220]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">BMNH</collectionCode>
and registered at the
<collectionCode box="[1306,1349,1197,1221]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
on
<date pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="1915-05-26">
<collectingDate pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="1915-05-26">26 May 1915</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="131.[792,1423,1266,1994]" lastBlockId="132.[164,796,151,2023]" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,919,1266,1290]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">Comments</emphasis>
. We suspect that Thomas based his account of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[825,943,1296,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imogene">
<emphasis box="[825,943,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">P. imogene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<specimenCount box="[989,1140,1295,1319]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
, and if so, M.2561 would have no type status. This specimen was examined and identified by Thomas, who arranged for it to be sent to the AM in
<date box="[869,997,1383,1407]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="1915-03">March 1915</date>
(AM Archives AMS9 Letters Received, L.104/1915). Thomas does not explicitly state the number of specimens used in his description, although the opening sentence of his original account might imply that he had
<specimenCount pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. The adult female
<typeStatus box="[1098,1191,1500,1524]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">holotype</typeStatus>
1891.9.10.2 and one other (1891.9.10.1) are the only specimens registered in the BMNH; the specimen now at the AM had not been registered (Paula Jenkins, BMNH, pers. comm.
<date box="[1208,1408,1588,1613]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" value="2014-02-18">18 February 2014</date>
). The latter
<specimenCount box="[909,1069,1618,1642]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
might be regarded as
<typeStatus box="[1319,1421,1618,1642]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">paratypes</typeStatus>
on the grounds that they could have been examined by Thomas. However, it seems odd that Thomas did not mention additional specimens in his account, given that he was proposing a distinct new genus and species. Further, he had a clear understanding of type specimen nomenclature and the concept of a type series, and had earlier proposed the term “para-type” (
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, O" box="[933,1091,1823,1847]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" pagination="241 - 242" refId="ref145553" refString="Thomas, O. 1893. Suggestions for a more definite use of the word &quot; Type &quot; and its compounds, as denoting specimens of a greater or less degree of authenticity. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 61 (1893): 241 - 242." type="journal article" year="1893">Thomas, 1893</bibRefCitation>
). Thomas either became aware of additional specimens after preparing his species account, had decided to restrict the type series to the
<typeStatus box="[1288,1384,1882,1906]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">holotype</typeStatus>
, or simply neglected to mention additional specimens used in his account.
<bibRefCitation author="Hughes, C &amp; Broken-Brow, H &amp; Parnaby, S" box="[925,1137,1940,1965]" pageId="131" pageNumber="408" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref133390" refString="Hughes, C., J. Broken-Brow, H. Parnaby, S. Hamilton, and L. K. - P. Leung. 2014. Rediscovery of the New Guinea Big-eared Bat Pharotis imogene from Central Province, Papua New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (4): 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.66.2014.1632" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hughes
<emphasis box="[1008,1053,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="408">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
report the first specimen of this species to be collected since the original series in 1890. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We greatly appreciate assistance from the following AM staff, who enabled us to draw from their extensive experience and specialist expertise: Dr Des Beechey for input on digitization of the Mammal Collection; Dr Walter Boles, for comments on the manuscript; Dr Don Colgan for information concerning establishment of the tissue collection; James King for X-ray image imagery; Dr Mark Eldridge for much feedback on molecular systematics and for reading several versions of the manuscript; Dr Greta Frankham for advice on Potoroo systematics; Dr David McAlpine for guidance with nomenclatural conundrums; Dr Ross Pogson for discussions of AM history; staff of AM Archives, Vanessa Finney, Patricia Egan and Rose Docker for innumerable document searches; the AM Librarians Anina Hainsworth, Adria Castellucci, Fiona Simpson, and Frances Smith. We especially thank the invaluable assistance and time given by the Editor, Dr Shane McEvey, for his patient guidance with plate and manuscript preparation, and Stuart Humphreys, from the Photographic Section, for his time, patience and wizardry in preparation of a large number of the skull images. Thanks to our AMRI Director Dr Rebecca Johnson and our Manager, Life and GeoSciences, Cameron Slatyer for their enthusiastic ongoing support.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="132.[164,796,151,2023]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">
We are delighted that Prof. Tim Flannery, formerly of the AM Mammal Section, donated his time to comment on the manuscript and share his unparalleled knowledge of Indo- Pacific mammals. Dr Ken Aplin provided much invaluable advice on wide-ranging issues raised in this work and his great generosity is much appreciated. Dr Glenn Shea (School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney) assisted with numerous nomenclatural tangles, and Glenn and Ian A. W. McAllan (Macquarie University) shared many valuable insights from their uncannily encyclopedic, historical knowledge and insight into early AM luminaries. Emeritus Prof. Colin Groves (Australian National University) and Dr Steve Jackson (University of
<collectingRegion box="[519,712,1178,1202]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
) kindly assisted our enquiries ahead of publication of their massive tome and Steve made valuable comments to an early version of the ms. Dr Mike Fleming kindly allowed us to draw from his unpublished investigation of early bilby specimens. Thanks to Dr Anne Kerle, for discussions on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[668,794,1325,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Trichosurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[668,794,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Trichosurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxonomy, and Dr Peter Wilson (Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University) for discussions about Ellis Troughtons biography. Emeritus Prof. Pat Woolley (La Trobe University) drew our attention to a number of dasyurid issues and kindly agreed to comment on dasyurid accounts. Thanks also to Terry Reardon (South Australian Museum) for assistance with our search for Kreffts
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilcoxi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Molossus wilcoxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[246,340,1560,1584]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">syntypes</typeStatus>
, and Andrew Baker (
<collectingRegion box="[553,678,1559,1583]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Queensland</collectingRegion>
University of Technology) and Dr Mathew Crowther (University of Sydney) for ruminations about taxonomy of small dasyurids and dogs. Thanks to John Tomlinson, of Melbourne, for support throughout the project and for proof-reading an early draft. HEP acknowledges his late parents, Shirley J. and David K. Parnaby, who fostered critical thinking from an early age and were unfazed by a childhood skull and pickle collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="132.[164,796,151,2023]" lastBlockId="132.[837,1467,151,410]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="AM, MV" collectorName="Dr Steve Van Dyck &amp; Paula Jenkin &amp; Dr Jude Philp &amp; Dr Kenny J. Travouillon" county="The" location="Heather Janetzki" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingCounty box="[197,240,1794,1818]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">The</collectingCounty>
following people assisted with aspects of the collections under their care:
<collectorName box="[462,662,1823,1848]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">
<collectingMunicipality box="[462,662,1823,1848]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Dr Steve Van Dyck</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
and
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11AF4F8F4FF2A9069" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Heather Janetzki" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Heather Janetzki</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[264,390,1853,1877]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Queensland</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B119B8F8D6FE3E9068" box="[394,491,1853,1876]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Museum</location>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B119C6F8D6FD749069" box="[500,673,1853,1877]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Christiane Funk" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Christiane Funk</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11A9BF8D6FEA7904E" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Collection Manager Mammals" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Collection Manager Mammals</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11948F8B0FE03904E" box="[378,470,1883,1906]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Museum</location>
für
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B119CFF8B1FDAE904E" box="[509,635,1882,1906]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Naturkunde" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Naturkunde</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[643,711,1882,1906]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Berlin</collectingRegion>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11AE2F8B0FEC390AC" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Wayne Longmore" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Wayne Longmore</location>
, previously of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11984F893FDC690B3" box="[438,531,1912,1935]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Museum</location>
<collectingRegion box="[538,627,1911,1935]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, for sharing his experience on tracking down early specimens in the
<collectionCode box="[708,751,1941,1965]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
and with our search for Krefft material in the
<collectionCode box="[602,646,1971,1994]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">MV</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName box="[657,792,1970,1994]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Paula Jenkin</collectorName>
(Natural History Museum, London), for prompt rely to our requests;
<collectorName box="[940,1085,151,175]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Dr Jude Philp</collectorName>
(Senior Curator, Macleay Museum, Sydney University Museums) for much valued feedback about the MMUS material; and
<collectorName box="[1192,1463,210,235]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">Dr Kenny J. Travouillon</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11B75FF1BFBE9963B" box="[839,1084,239,264]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Curator of Mammals" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Curator of Mammals</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C8FF3A73B11BB0FC7CFA6396A6:8EAB6005FF3D73B11C78FF1BFA45963B" box="[1098,1424,239,263]" county="The" municipality="Dr Steve Van Dyck" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Queensland">Western Australian Museum</location>
for information on
<typeStatus box="[1003,1063,269,293]" pageId="132" pageNumber="409">types</typeStatus>
. Dr Alrun Albrecht, Senior Publishing Editor, Journals Department, Elsevier promptly assisted with our requests about publication dates. To the two manuscript reviewers, Drs Ken Aplin and Mark Eldridge, we extend our utmost gratitude, and our condolences for the time impost
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>