365 lines
36 KiB
XML
365 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="422A805982C8CC39A91C702E12CEA98F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7ed688da-5625-4d39-bef8-695b06f8afde" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244855" ID-ZooBank="46051D75-807F-4192-8CE7-BAB44BDF56AC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461348295006" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas & Young, Chen W." docDate="2015" docId="03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p537.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antocha (Antocha) javanensis Alexander 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="535" masterDocId="FFE98441F749FFB2FF8FFFB3FFD82E36" masterDocTitle="Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae)" masterLastPageNumber="537" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="534" updateTime="1698621040036" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3A43791F715FC06AF317C5C8F5FDAB69">
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<mods:title id="8CE24F1EE591C6A40C1B0564B72072A7">Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A24FB9CB848B2190E89408137733F2AE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="26CC361C5905817605A129E3859EB0F5">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01632B02306289549CD2DDDC257AD7C7">Young, Chen W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF6A1A16F471473673D1E42F7222A908">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="297FFD660F029C0868BBDD4BE65ED2CD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69E4438D2E4A2640A575B44703275CA4">
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<mods:date id="9277953C2DCADEDC827AB2724EA1D388">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5404591F217559E246135A2D6F1E0CD1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1E88C2FAB76EE7230F47EB886C23AE82">4048</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8532EFF742E86F7278C1FD2B4A0311F0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4C8B6112F5D928749242CBC3CEF45A1A">4</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6101559" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119645690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6101559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F742FFB9FF18FB34FD0E2A94" box="[151,726,1159,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF742FFB9FF18FB34FD0E2A94" blockId="11.[151,726,1159,1186]" box="[151,726,1159,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<heading id="D08EFA43F742FFB9FF18FB34FD0E2A94" bold="true" box="[151,726,1159,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FF18FB34FD0E2A94" ID-CoL="67KY9" authority="Alexander, 1915" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,726,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis" subGenus="Antocha">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF18FB34FD0E2A94" bold="true" box="[151,726,1159,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF18FB34FF262A97" bold="true" box="[151,254,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FE81FB34FEAC2A97" bold="true" box="[270,372,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FE09FB34FDDD2A97" bold="true" box="[390,517,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">javanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FD83FB3BFD0E2A94" author="Alexander" box="[524,726,1160,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1915) On a collection of Javanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera) in the United States national museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 49, 157 - 193. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.49 - 2103.157" type="journal article" year="1915">Alexander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F742FFB9FF18FB7DFC4A2AD2" box="[151,914,1230,1253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF742FFB9FF18FB7DFC4A2AD2" blockId="11.[151,914,1230,1253]" box="[151,914,1230,1253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB696A01F742FFB9FF18FB7DFC4A2AD2" box="[151,914,1230,1253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FF18FB7DFD7D2AD2" ID-CoL="67KY9" authority="Alexander, 1915:171" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,677,1230,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis" subGenus="Antocha">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF18FB7DFF332AD2" box="[151,235,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF75FB7DFE962AD2" box="[250,334,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FED2FB63FE102AD3" box="[349,456,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">javanensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF742FFB9FE41FB7DFD7D2AD2" author="Alexander" box="[462,677,1230,1252]" page="171" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FE41FB7DFDA32AD2" author="Alexander" box="[462,635,1230,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1915) On a collection of Javanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera) in the United States national museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 49, 157 - 193. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.49 - 2103.157" type="journal article" year="1915">Alexander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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:171
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD86B3EF742FFB9FD3FFB7DFC562AD2" author="Alexander" box="[688,910,1230,1252]" page="252" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FD3FFB7DFC832AD2" author="Alexander" box="[688,859,1230,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) New or little-known crane-flies from Formosa (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13, 249 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 13.3.249" type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 252
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F742FFB9FF18FAA2FAB92B8C" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF742FFB9FF18FAA2FAB92B8C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1297,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF18FAA2FE582B1C" bold="true" box="[151,384,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED68D5EAF742FFB9FE09FAA1FE132B1C" box="[390,459,1298,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">JAVA</collectionCode>
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:
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<typeStatus id="54C2F38DF742FFB9FE5AFAA2FD9A2B1C" box="[469,578,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Pelaboean, Ratoe, Java,
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<date id="FFC76BEFF742FFB9FCD5FAA2FBC72B1C" box="[858,1055,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" value="1909-10-19">October 19, 1909</date>
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, Bryant and Palmer, 1 ♀ (body on pin, wing on slide); metatype: W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude]
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<quantity id="4C81E0CAF742FFB9FCD1FA85FC122B78" box="[862,970,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4864" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" unit="ft" value="1800.0">1800 feet</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFC76BEFF742FFB9FC59FA85FB5E2B78" box="[982,1158,1334,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" value="1933-08-08">August 8, 1933</date>
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, M. E. Walsh, No 742,
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<specimenCount id="9D7F86A6F742FFB9FA01FA85FF742B47" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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(slide-mounted). Non-type specimens identified by C. Alexander: W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude]
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<quantity id="4C81E0CAF742FFB9FAA6FAE9FA402B44" box="[1321,1432,1369,1394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4864" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" unit="ft" value="1800.0">1800 feet</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFC76BEFF742FFB9FF18FACEFEEF2BA0" box="[151,311,1405,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" value="1933-07-20">July 20, 1933</date>
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, M. E. Walsh, 1 ♀; W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude]
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<quantity id="4C81E0CAF742FFB9FC16FACDFBDF2BA0" box="[921,1031,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4864" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" unit="ft" value="1800.0">1800 feet</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFC76BEFF742FFB9FB9BFACDFB102BA0" box="[1044,1224,1406,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" value="1933-08-08">August 8, 1933</date>
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, M. E. Walsh, sex unclear, abdomen missing, probably same specimen, which parts are slide-mounted and labelled as metatype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631EA4F742FFBFFF48FA76FBF62FBE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF742FFB9FF48FA76FC732896" blockId="11.[151,1436,1297,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FF48FA76FEE32BE8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1477,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FECDFA76FDC52BEB" box="[322,541,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FECDFA76FDC52BEB" box="[322,541,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha javanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from single female from Java (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FBA7FA76FB3B2BE8" author="Alexander" box="[1064,1251,1477,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1915) On a collection of Javanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera) in the United States national museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 49, 157 - 193. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.49 - 2103.157" type="journal article" year="1915">Alexander 1915</bibRefCitation>
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). Later, in 1917, few males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FEBFFA43FE55283F" box="[304,397,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FEBFFA43FE55283F" box="[304,397,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were collected by T. Shiraki at Shishito (¤ªªCae鄉獅子頭),
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FB49FA42FAF0283E" box="[1222,1320,1521,1544]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Formosa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FAB7FA43FA48283F" box="[1336,1424,1520,1545]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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). Alexander identified them as
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FE63F9A6FD5C281A" box="[492,644,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FE63F9A6FD5C281A" box="[492,644,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and chose one male as allotype for
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FBA4F9A6FA40281B" authority="Alexander 1920" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1920" box="[1067,1432,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FBA4F9A6FB1A281A" box="[1067,1218,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FB5CF9A7FA48281B" author="Alexander" box="[1235,1424,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) New or little-known crane-flies from Formosa (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13, 249 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 13.3.249" type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Edwards (1916) mentioned one female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FDE4F98CFD11286E" box="[619,713,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FDE4F98CFD11286E" box="[619,713,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. from Horisha (¤ªªªAE) (
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FBD2F98CFB6B286E" box="[1117,1203,1599,1624]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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) and later
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE830DEF742FFB9FAA8F98CFF39284D" author="Alexander" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) New or little-known crane-flies from Formosa (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13, 249 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 13.3.249" type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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also suggested that female specimen to be
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FD43F9D7FCBA284D" box="[716,866,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FD43F9D7FCBA284D" box="[716,866,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We believe Alexander probably made conclusion based on distribution record without actually examining the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF742FFBEFF48F918FD542EE3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1297,2020]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
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Since
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FE84F91FFE7828F5" box="[267,416,1708,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
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<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FE84F91FFE7828F5" box="[267,416,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on a single female specimen, we believe that in 1920 when Alexander compared the specimens collected by T. Shiraki from
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FD0FF97CFD0A28DE" box="[640,722,1743,1768]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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in 1917, his conclusion that those specimens were
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<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FA9BF963FA4428D1" box="[1300,1436,1744,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanesis">
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|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FA9BF963FA4428D1" box="[1300,1436,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanesis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was solely based on the comparison of female specimens, thus it presented a very unstable status for the male allotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FE98F8ABFE462919" box="[279,414,1816,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanesis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FE98F8ABFE462919" box="[279,414,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanesis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This has come to be evident after we have examined all the specimens that were collected by Shiraki from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FEC1F888FE782962" box="[334,416,1851,1876]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
later determined as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FD0DF88FFCCF2965" box="[642,791,1852,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FD0DF88FFCCF2965" box="[642,791,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Alexander, and that all the males actually belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FA0BF88FFF00294E" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FA0BF88FFF00294E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. bifida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Therefore, the male allotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FDECF8D3FD242941" box="[611,764,1888,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FDECF8D3FD242941" box="[611,764,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is actually male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FC61F8D3FB8A294E" box="[1006,1106,1887,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FC61F8D3FB8A294E" box="[1006,1106,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. bifida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. None of the male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FAB1F8ECFA43294E" box="[1342,1435,1887,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FAB1F8ECFA43294E" box="[1342,1435,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens collected in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF742FFB9FE14F830FE3529AA" box="[411,493,1923,1948]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
since could be identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FCA5F837FC6729AD" box="[810,959,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FCA5F837FC6729AD" box="[810,959,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. We do not have more female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FA9AF837FA4429AD" box="[1301,1436,1924,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanesis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FA9AF837FA4429AD" box="[1301,1436,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanesis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens to conduct through comparison of these two species, but the lack of stigma in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FB2DF81BFADD29F6" box="[1186,1285,1959,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FB2DF81BFADD29F6" box="[1186,1285,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. bifida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
compared to distinct stigma in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF742FFB9FEFBF87FFDDA29D5" box="[372,514,1996,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanesis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF742FFB9FEFBF87FFDDA29D5" box="[372,514,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A. javanesis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
would be sufficiently enough to separate these two species apart. We have consequently concluded that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE51FF2BFDAC2E86" box="[478,628,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE51FF2BFDAC2E86" box="[478,628,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">A. javanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be removed from the list of Taiwanese crane flies. Accordingly, male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFF7CFF0FFE502EE2" box="[243,392,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF7CFF0FFE502EE2" box="[243,392,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">A. javanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
remains undiscovered.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF745FFBEFF18FA01FEC3289E" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<table id="F979BF8FF745004DFF18FA01FC0B289E" box="[151,979,1458,1704]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18FA01FC0B2BFE" box="[151,979,1458,1480]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18FA01FE1A2BFE" box="[151,450,1458,1480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF18FA01FEC72BF1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1458,1480]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
|
Collecting sites
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFE46FA01FDE02BFE" box="[457,568,1458,1480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE6BFA01FDE02BFE" box="[484,568,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE6BFA01FDE02BFE" box="[484,568,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFDB0FA01FC0B2BFE" box="[575,979,1458,1480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFDB0FA01FD3D2BFE" box="[575,741,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida" subGenus="Antocha">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFDC8FA01FD432BFE" box="[583,667,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFD25FA01FD3D2BFE" box="[682,741,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">bifida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Taiwan.
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18FA62FC0B2BD1" box="[151,979,1489,1511]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18FA62FE1A2BD1" box="[151,450,1489,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF18FA62FEC72BD0" bold="true" box="[151,287,1489,1511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
|
Collecting sites
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFE46FA62FDE02BD1" box="[457,568,1489,1511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE6BFA62FDE02BD1" box="[484,568,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE6BFA62FDE02BD1" box="[484,568,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFDB0FA62FC0B2BD1" box="[575,979,1489,1511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFDB0FA62FCCC2BD1" box="[575,788,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracillima" subGenus="Antocha">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFDC8FA62FD432BD1" box="[583,667,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFD25FA62FCCC2BD1" box="[682,788,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">gracillima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Taiwan.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18FA5CFC0B2830" box="[151,979,1519,1542]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18FA5CFE1A2830" box="[151,450,1519,1542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF18FA5CFEC72832" bold="true" box="[151,287,1519,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
|
Collecting sites
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFE46FA5CFDE02830" box="[457,568,1519,1542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE6BFA5CFD7C2833" box="[484,676,1519,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE6BFA5CFDE02833" box="[484,568,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFDB0FA5CFC0B2830" box="[575,979,1519,1542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFDC8FA5CFD432833" box="[583,667,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFD25FA43FCE82830" box="[682,816,1520,1542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
?
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFD32FA42FCE82830" box="[701,816,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="streptocera">streptocera</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
in Taiwan.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18F9BDFC0B2812" box="[151,979,1550,1572]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18F9BDFE1A2812" box="[151,450,1550,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF18F9BDFEC72815" bold="true" box="[151,287,1550,1572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
|
Collecting sites
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFE46F9BDFDE02812" box="[457,568,1550,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE6BF9BDFDE02812" box="[484,568,1550,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE6BF9BDFDE02812" box="[484,568,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFDB0F9BDFC0B2812" box="[575,979,1550,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFDB0F9BDFD092812" box="[575,721,1550,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styx" subGenus="Antocha">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFDC8F9BDFD432812" box="[583,667,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFD25F9BCFD092812" box="[682,721,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">styx</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Taiwan.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18F99FFC0B2875" box="[151,979,1580,1603]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18F99FFE1A2875" box="[151,450,1580,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFF18F99EFEC72874" bold="true" box="[151,287,1581,1603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
|
Collecting sites
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFE46F99FFDE02875" box="[457,568,1580,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFE6BF99FFDE02874" box="[484,568,1580,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFE6BF99FFDE02874" box="[484,568,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76982611F745004DFDB0F99FFC0B2875" box="[575,979,1580,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFDB0F99FFCFA2875" box="[575,802,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Antocha">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFDC8F99FFD432874" box="[583,667,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFD25F99DFCFA2875" box="[682,802,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E2C46F745FFBEFCA7F99EFCB92874" box="[808,865,1581,1602]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFCA7F99EFCB92874" bold="true" box="[808,865,1581,1602]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
in Taiwan.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35494F6DF745004DFF18F93DFC0B289E" box="[151,979,1678,1704]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
|
<th id="76982611F745004DFF18F93DFE1A289E" box="[151,450,1678,1704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Discussion</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF745FFBEFF18F967FE3929F0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1748,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
The diverse crane fly fauna of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF745FFBEFE61F967FD9B28DB" box="[494,579,1748,1773]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, its geographical distribution of many species, and its relationships to that of other regions is of great interest but inadequately documented, and few recent surveys have been conducted. These plus misidentification of existing species, and only a limited number of specimens are available for examination have all contributed to the complexity in achieving a comprehensive understanding of the origins of the local fauna. The current study is the forth contribution of a faunistic research project dealing with the Tipuloidea of the island of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF745FFBEFF18F83BFF352997" box="[151,237,1928,1953]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The results of this study will be used to test the hypothesis concerning the origin and history of the various Taiwanese crane fly lineages.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC64D2FF745FFBFFF48F863FBF62FBE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1748,2025]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
|
The fact that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFEEBF863FDE229DF" box="[356,570,2000,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFEEBF863FDE229DF" box="[356,570,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha (Antocha)</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the only subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF745FFBEFCD3F863FC6229DF" box="[860,954,2000,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF745FFBEFCD3F863FC6229DF" box="[860,954,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that were recorded in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF745FFBEFB4DF863FACF29DF" box="[1218,1303,2000,2025]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, a tentative hypothese may be offered, that Taiwanese
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7936ACF744FFBFFDFAFF24FD0A2E86" box="[629,722,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Antocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B90D913DF744FFBFFDFAFF24FD0A2E86" box="[629,722,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Antocha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shared characteristics with the northern elements of this genus, and its components have close affinity with the fauna in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF744FFBFFCA4FF0FFCA92EE3" box="[811,881,188,213]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF744FFBFFCF0FF0EFC1A2EE2" box="[895,962,189,212]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF744FFBFFC5FFF0EFBCC2EE2" box="[976,1044,189,212]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
and the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36E0DBFF744FFBFFBF3FF0FFB252EE3" box="[1148,1277,188,213]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|
, based on the currently known distribution. Although species delimitation in this study was primarily based on male genitalia structures, the mtDNA sequence (CO1) data have been processed for several specimens. These data were not utilized for the current study due to insufficient number of taxa and specimens needed for comparison purpose. More fresh specimens from the neighboring regions are needed to expand the testing pool in order to combine morphological and molecular data in order to achieve further accurate conclusion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |