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<document id="2F5ABFDDD434B5DCF242871CA043D3D1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4007.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62535f0d-5594-4662-b892-b86d738f1bb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244861" ID-ZooBank="97ABA02B-1C92-4091-B207-0EF43FEA4CF5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461217575838" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M., Azarkina, Galina N. &amp; Omelko, Mikhail M." docDate="2015" docId="03D0E55FFFBFFFA774BE4C00FE0B54EE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04007p130.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4007 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pachygnatha amurensis Strand 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="FFE99D27FFBFFFA474294A0CFFA45354" masterDocTitle="Redescription and a new synonym of the spider Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnathinae)" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="126" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698602807584" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="18F72A28801D4FBD8AB0E009AE66C483" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DA95EC31D076EE6A24FE2A3032681D6C">
<mods:title id="94748A666ABD599CA65EDC6E06FC3DF7">Redescription and a new synonym of the spider Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnathinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3333462329E41E252E09AEF7721F36EA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CE63418DF31C248FA49F5EE1F1F85DA2">
<mods:roleTerm id="E8D609A1BB61F80C0C07E3199E9B0A95">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4FF2688D924CD1A979D1B51C82B1A426">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DACBC4C0DBDB47F91D5F15E2B680671A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F4E4BB48A033979FD25F05CB59D2764B">
<mods:roleTerm id="B3BB1669FD87D5738771FC8BC2A39B5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3199BB8C55B0FF352FE64C4F57ACCA93">Azarkina, Galina N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0B46ADE6C623CBF40EFE81AF9724EC0E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2986CD79D64751ADEA1B001DBB52A50F">
<mods:roleTerm id="729D8C560D5B11BF16BF90DC47D2DC03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9B276E3F4E72C23B685A98C48B907A7D">Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="110BC9046E373633B9342F4BCCF28057">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E660E64E73751B7E28F55F9B66B1D3A9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B57159A358A0E0A832A872BB954C594D">
<mods:title id="B25617DFF1D2F9F86B2940081621CA15">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="81B79F6CCFFDE8C810642777029668F8">
<mods:date id="F7BB4AE8974BDC9290D4877A82DA36D9">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9533BA2043DE8176DA2036700D2A80A2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="748A176D457B941B8CD6C5F8E7A7ACD9">4007</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5B01E1F12FC01F2C2A971C908C1AFDFD" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CE3FCF3DFA01DAD3F32C40615E43972F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E77A080C79411CF47FB8A546244014E4">126</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2E1E26F768B6BB4628C8F56C34CB6AE3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A0DCD8BBE2EE8485004B301ECC0BD7D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4007.1.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E6DB0E68E5DB50AC1242D0F7143F253B" type="GBIF-Dataset">62535f0d-5594-4662-b892-b86d738f1bb4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AB4E650A733D3FEC588D088ADA5A76E7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB3A4F5BE6A8C3C1F6949A2EEA9040A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">244861</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="87F93C27A9842F20E6E9ADB94B469F84" type="ZooBank">97ABA02B-1C92-4091-B207-0EF43FEA4CF5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D0E55FFFBFFFA774BE4C00FE0B54EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6120464" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6120464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0E55FFFBFFFA774BE4C00FE0B54EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0E55FFFBFFFA774BE4C00FE0B54EE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBFFFA474BE4C00FEA45512" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4C00FDC55572" blockId="0.[151,609,1548,1606]" box="[151,609,1548,1574]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<heading id="D08EE325FFBFFFA474BE4C00FDC55572" bold="true" box="[151,609,1548,1574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBFFFA474BE4C00FDC55572" ID-CoL="4BS8T" authority="Strand, 1907" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,609,1548,1574]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4C00FDC55572" bold="true" box="[151,609,1548,1574]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4C00FE1F5572" bold="true" box="[151,443,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBFFFA475EB4C00FDC55572" author="Strand" box="[450,609,1548,1574]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" refString="Strand, E. (1907) Sud- und ostasiatische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Gorlitz, 25, 107 - 215." type="journal article" year="1907">Strand, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4C23FEA45512" blockId="0.[151,609,1548,1606]" box="[151,256,1583,1606]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBFFFA474BE4C23FEA45512" box="[151,256,1583,1606]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId-0="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetBox-1="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Figs 1‒20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBFFFA474BE4C78FC8D5459" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4C78FE1455FF" blockId="0.[151,1436,1652,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB697367FFBFFFA474BE4C78FE1455FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBFFFA474BE4C78FDF955DF" ID-CoL="4BS8T" authority="Strand, 1907: 147" authorityName="Strand" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,605,1652,1675]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4C78FE3255DF" box="[151,406,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD87258FFBFFFA475B74C78FDF955DF" author="Strand" box="[414,605,1652,1675]" page="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBFFFA475B74C78FD8E55DF" author="Strand" box="[414,554,1652,1675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" refString="Strand, E. (1907) Sud- und ostasiatische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Gorlitz, 25, 107 - 215." type="journal article" year="1907">Strand, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 147
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(♂),
<typeStatus id="54C2EAEBFFBFFFA476B14C78FD5155DF" box="[664,757,1652,1675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male from environs of Blagoveshchensk (Zoological Museum, Hamburg, examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4CB8FC39559F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1652,1805]" box="[151,925,1716,1739]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB697367FFBFFFA474BE4CB8FC39559F" box="[151,925,1716,1739]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBFFFA474BE4CB8FDEF559F" authority="Karsch, 1879" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,587,1716,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Dischiriognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenera">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4CB8FEE2559F" box="[151,326,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Dischiriognatha</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA475474CB8FE17559F" box="[366,435,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">tenera</emphasis>
Karsch, 1879
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AD87258FFBFFFA4767C4CB8FC3E559F" author="Marusik" box="[597,922,1716,1739]" page="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBFFFA4767C4CB8FCD5559F" author="Marusik" box="[597,881,1716,1739]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" refString="Marusik, Y. M. &amp; Koponen, S. (2000) New data on spiders (Aranei) from the Maritime Province, Russian Far East. Arthropoda Selecta, 9 (1), 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Marusik &amp; Koponen 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 65
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4CD9FAA255B8" blockId="0.[151,1436,1652,1805]" box="[151,1286,1749,1772]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB697367FFBFFFA474BE4CD9FAA255B8" box="[151,1286,1749,1772]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBFFFA474BE4CD9FD0655B8" ID-CoL="4BS98" authority="Zhu, Song &amp; Zhang, 2003: 99" authorityName="Zhu, Song &amp; Zhang" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,674,1749,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoi">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4CD9FEFD55B8" box="[151,345,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Pachygnatha gaoi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD87258FFBFFFA475494CD9FD0655B8" author="Zhu" box="[352,674,1749,1772]" page="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBFFFA475494CD9FDDF55B8" author="Zhu" box="[352,635,1749,1772]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">Zhu, Song &amp; Zhang, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 99
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
‒101, 335‒336, f. 44A‒G, 45A‒F (♂♀).
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA4707D4CD9FAA255B8" bold="true" box="[1108,1286,1749,1772]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">New Synonymy</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA474BE4CFAFC8D5459" blockId="0.[151,1436,1652,1805]" box="[151,809,1782,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB697367FFBFFFA474BE4CFAFC8D5459" box="[151,809,1782,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBFFFA474BE4CFAFDF05459" ID-CoL="4BS9Z" authority="Seyfulina 2006: 276" authorityName="Seyfulina" authorityPageNumber="276" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,596,1782,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenera">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4CFAFECA5459" box="[151,366,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Pachygnatha tenera</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AD87258FFBFFFA475554CFAFDF05459" author="Seyfulina" box="[380,596,1782,1805]" page="276" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBFFFA475554CFAFD865459" author="Seyfulina" box="[380,546,1782,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" refString="Seyfulina, R. R. (2006) A contribution to the knowledge of the spider fauna (Arachnida: Aranei) of Russia: new records for the Amur area. Arthropoda Selecta, 14 (3), 271 - 279." type="journal article" year="2006">Seyfulina 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 276
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBFFFA574BE4D35FD12524D" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBFFFA574BE4D35FD12524D" blockId="0.[151,1436,1849,2017]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,281]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA474BE4D35FECB5404" bold="true" box="[151,367,1849,1872]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBFFFA475564D35FE455404" box="[383,481,1849,1872]" name="Russia" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA475C54D35FD885405" bold="true" box="[492,556,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Amur</emphasis>
Area:
<specimenCount id="9D7F9FC0FFBFFFA476514D35FD3D5404" box="[632,665,1849,1872]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
8♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBFFFA476FA4D35FCB15404" box="[723,789,1849,1872]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">IBPN</collectionCode>
), near Arkhara Town, c.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBFFFA4700D4D35FBDA5404" box="[1060,1150,1849,1872]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" precision="925" value="49.416668">49°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBFFFA470A24D35FB545404" box="[1163,1264,1849,1872]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" precision="925" value="130.06667">130°04'E</geoCoordinate>
, litter, meadow,
<date id="FFC77289FFBFFFA474BE4D51FEAA5420" box="[151,270,1885,1908]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" value="1983-12-08">12.08.1983</date>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBFFFA475364D51FE905420" box="[287,308,1885,1908]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Y</collectingCountry>
.M. Marusik);
<specimenCount id="9D7F9FC0FFBFFFA475F94D51FE565420" box="[464,498,1885,1908]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
6♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBFFFA476054D51FDCA5420" box="[556,622,1885,1908]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">IBPN</collectionCode>
), Khingan Reserve, Olochi Kordon, peat-bog,
<date id="FFC77289FFBFFFA470424D51FB475420" box="[1131,1251,1885,1908]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" value="1983-08-15">15.08.1983</date>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBFFFA470DD4D51FAAD5420" box="[1268,1289,1885,1908]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Y</collectingCountry>
.M. Marusik);
<specimenCount id="9D7F9FC0FFBFFFA474BE4D8DFF1C54CC" box="[151,184,1921,1944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
1♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBFFFA474DA4D8DFE9754CC" box="[243,307,1921,1944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">IBPN</collectionCode>
) Khingan Reserve, Antonovskoye Forestry, forest opening, multi-herb meadow, litter, 1.08.1983 (
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBFFFA4714C4D8DFADE54CC" box="[1381,1402,1921,1944]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Y</collectingCountry>
.M. Marusik);
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA4752F4DA9FE2E54E9" bold="true" box="[262,394,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Khabarovsk</emphasis>
Province: 1♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBFFFA476024DA9FDC954E8" box="[555,621,1957,1980]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">IBPN</collectionCode>
), env. of Khabarovsk City, near Bychikha Vill., Bolshekhekhtsyrski Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBFFFA474BE4DC5FEA154B4" box="[151,261,1993,2016]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" precision="92" value="48.291668">48°17.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBFFFA475384DC5FE2E54B4" box="[273,394,1993,2016]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" precision="92" value="134.82834">134°49.7'E</geoCoordinate>
, tall grass with moist ground litter,
<date id="FFC77289FFBFFFA4772C4DC5FCD854B4" box="[773,892,1993,2016]" pageId="0" pageNumber="126" value="2005-11-09">11.09.2005</date>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBFFFA477A24DC5FC0454B4" box="[907,928,1993,2016]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Y</collectingCountry>
.M. Marusik);
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBFFFA470104DC5FB3B54B5" bold="true" box="[1081,1183,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">Maritime</emphasis>
Province: 1♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBFFFA4716A4DC5FA3154B4" box="[1347,1429,1993,2016]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/99a5-d0z2" name="Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitaet" pageId="0" pageNumber="126">ZMHU</collectionCode>
) &quot;Mantshurien, Nikolsk-Ussurijskij&quot; [=Ussuriysk, c.
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBEFFA576F64A94FC9C53FB" box="[735,824,152,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" precision="925" value="43.8">43°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBEFFA577624A94FC1653FB" box="[843,946,152,175]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" precision="925" value="131.95">131°57'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FFC77289FFBEFFA577E24A94FBE053FB" box="[971,1092,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" value="1910-10-19">19.10.1910</date>
(A. Luther);
<specimenCount id="9D7F9FC0FFBEFFA570C14A94FAAD53FB" box="[1256,1289,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
2♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBEFFA571674A94FA3453FB" box="[1358,1424,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">IBPN</collectionCode>
), Vladivostok, Akademgorodok, forest-park,
<date id="FFC77289FFBEFFA5765E4AB0FD4B5380" box="[631,751,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" value="1997-09-30">30.09.1997</date>
(
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBEFFA5772B4AB0FCB35380" box="[770,791,188,212]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Y</collectingCountry>
.M. Marusik); 1♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBEFFA577C44AB0FBE15387" box="[1005,1093,188,211]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">ZMMU</collectionCode>
), near Malyshevskoye Village, 3.04.1960 (Soldatov).
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBEFFA575B84AECFE4E53A3" box="[401,490,224,247]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: photograph of palp of
<typeStatus id="54C2EAEBFFBEFFA576D54AECFCFC53A3" box="[764,856,224,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBEFFA5778F4AECFC5153A3" box="[934,1013,224,247]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoi">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBEFFA5778F4AECFC5153A3" box="[934,1013,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">P. gaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED68CC8CFFBEFFA570204AECFBE253A3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13174" box="[1033,1094,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13174" name="Hacettepe University" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">HUB</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBEFFA570774AD3FB3453A3" bold="true" box="[1118,1168,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Jilin</emphasis>
Province, Jiʼan County (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBEFFA574B64B0EFF5F524D" box="[159,251,258,281]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" precision="925" value="41.1">41°06′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D328EFFBEFFA5752F4B0EFEC8524D" box="[262,364,258,281]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" precision="925" value="126.2">126°12′E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC77289FFBEFFA575A94B0EFDB4524D" box="[384,528,258,281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" value="1988-07-15">July 15, 1988</date>
(Jiuchun Gao).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0604C1FFBEFFA574BE4D60FF6054E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" targetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBEFFA574BE4D60FF6054E8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1900,1980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBEFFA574BE4D60FEE554D6" bold="true" box="[151,321,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">FIGURES 1‒10.</emphasis>
Somatic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBEFFA576044D60FCBC54D5" box="[557,792,1900,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBEFFA576044D60FCBC54D5" box="[557,792,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (1‒4) and female (5‒10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8‒9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5‒6 0.5 mm; 2‒4, 7‒10, 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0604C1FFBDFFA674BE4D7CFDA4548A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" targetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBDFFA674BE4D7CFDA4548A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1904,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBDFFA674BE4D7CFEEC54D2" bold="true" box="[151,328,1904,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">FIGURES 11‒20.</emphasis>
Copulatory organs of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBDFFA6760A4D7DFCAD54D2" box="[547,777,1905,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBDFFA6760A4D7DFCAD54D2" box="[547,777,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 11‒18, male palp; 19‒20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBDFFA676994DA7FD635494" box="[688,711,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Cl</emphasis>
, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium;
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBDFFA670664DA7FBC35494" box="[1103,1127,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">So</emphasis>
, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15‒16, 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBCFFA774EE4A94FCBA515D" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBCFFA774EE4A94FCBA515D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA774EE4A94FE9053FB" bold="true" box="[199,308,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Only four small sized
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7761A4A94FD6453FB" box="[563,704,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7761A4A94FD6453FB" box="[563,704,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Pachygnatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are known in the Russian Far East:
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA770B24A94FA8E53FB" box="[1179,1322,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA770B24A94FA8153FB" box="[1179,1317,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">P. amurensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA771184A94FEE35385" authority="Sundevall, 1830" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1830" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA771184A94FA3853FB" box="[1329,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. degeeri</emphasis>
Sundevall, 1830
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7757B4AB6FDFB5385" authority="Sundevall, 1830" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1830" box="[338,607,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="listeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7757B4AB6FE0E5385" box="[338,426,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. listeri</emphasis>
Sundevall, 1830
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA776BD4AB6FB355385" authority="Bosenberg &amp; Strand, 1906" authorityName="Bosenberg &amp; Strand" authorityYear="1906" box="[660,1169,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776BD4AB6FCFC5385" box="[660,856,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
(Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA770B54AB6FA3F5385" box="[1180,1435,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA770B54AB6FA3F5385" box="[1180,1435,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775364AD1FE2F53A0" box="[287,395,221,244]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775364AD1FE2F53A0" box="[287,395,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. degeeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775E84AD1FDBF53A0" box="[449,539,221,244]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="listeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775E84AD1FDBF53A0" box="[449,539,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. listeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an elongate carapace with a length/width ratio over 1.5, contra
<quantity id="4C81F9ACFFBCFFA7716B4AD1FADB53A0" box="[1346,1407,221,244]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA771A14AD1FF435243" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA771A14AD1FF435243" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. degeeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775344B0CFED25243" box="[285,374,256,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="listeri">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775344B0CFED25243" box="[285,374,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. listeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a distinct carapace pattern with darker edges and a median longitudinal line (
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA770EF4B0CFAE05243" box="[1222,1348,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 1, 5‒7</figureCitation>
), and in the shape of the copulatory organs.
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA776104B2EFC9B526D" box="[569,831,290,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776104B2EFC9B526D" box="[569,831,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7703E4B2EFB46526D" box="[1047,1250,290,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7703E4B2EFB46526D" box="[1047,1250,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having dark chelicerae (
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA775384B49FE035208" box="[273,423,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 1‒2, 5‒7</figureCitation>
; light in
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7762C4B49FD6D5208" box="[517,713,325,348]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7762C4B49FD6D5208" box="[517,713,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), lateral wide bands of carapace lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA770B34B49FAFA5208" box="[1178,1374,325,348]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA770B34B49FAFA5208" box="[1178,1374,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA771444B49FF7E522B" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 1, 5‒7</figureCitation>
) and reticulated abdominal pattern (cf
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA7765E4B64FD70522B" box="[631,724,360,383]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 6‒7</figureCitation>
and fig. 46A in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBCFFA777A94B64FB82522B" author="Zhu" box="[896,1062,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Zhu
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7779B4B64FC43522B" box="[946,999,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
), a small terminal retrolateral tooth on male chelicerae (large in
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775F94B86FD3252F5" box="[464,662,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775F94B86FD3252F5" box="[464,662,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cf.
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA776E34B86FC8F52F5" box="[714,811,394,417]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,335,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[193,1394,333,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 ‒ 10. Somatic characters of Pachygnatha amurensis male (1 ‒ 4) and female (5 ‒ 10). 1, 5, habitus, lateral; 2, 4, 8 ‒ 9, chelicera retro-ventral; 6, habitus, dorsal; 7 cephalothorax, dorsal; 3, 10, chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: 1, 5 ‒ 6 0.5 mm; 2 ‒ 4, 7 ‒ 10, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 2, 4</figureCitation>
and figs 47A‒C in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBCFFA770214B86FB1152F5" author="Zhu" box="[1032,1205,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Zhu
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA770154B86FBD052F5" box="[1084,1140,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
), strongly sclerotised book-lungs spiracles in female with a pair of sigillae between them (sigillae lacking, spiracles weakly sclerotized in
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA771A14BA1FEE552B3" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA771A14BA1FEE552B3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA775424BDCFE1C52B3" box="[363,440,464,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
and fig.
<date id="FFC77289FFBCFFA776314BDCFD9F52B3" box="[536,571,464,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" value="1946-01">46I</date>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBCFFA776764BDCFCA252B3" author="Zhu" box="[607,774,464,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Zhu
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776BB4BDCFD6C52B3" box="[658,712,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
) and tapering conductor and paracymbium (not tapering in
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA771A14BDCFEE5515D" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA771A14BDCFEE5515D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA775614BFEFE1A515D" box="[328,446,498,521]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 11‒18</figureCitation>
and figs D,F in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBCFFA776424BFEFCB6515D" author="Zhu" box="[619,786,498,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Zhu
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776B44BFEFD77515D" box="[669,723,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0604C1FFBCFFA774BE4FCBFD4A56AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244864/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" targetBox="[338,1246,573,1458]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBCFFA774BE4FCBFD4A56AE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1479,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA774BE4FCBFEBD5689" bold="true" box="[151,281,1479,1501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
Distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775D64FC4FD425689" box="[511,742,1480,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775D64FC4FD425689" box="[511,742,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: square, type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA777FC4FC4FBEA5689" box="[981,1102,1480,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA777FC4FC4FBEA5689" box="[981,1102,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; diamond, type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7717A4FC4FA315689" box="[1363,1429,1480,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoi">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7717A4FC4FA315689" box="[1363,1429,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. gaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; filled circle, material examined; open circle, literature records.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBCFFA774EE4C29FEE85458" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBCFFA774EE4C29FEE85458" blockId="3.[151,1436,1573,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA774EE4C29FEE65568" bold="true" box="[199,322,1573,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Comments</emphasis>
. This species is well described both in Chinese and in English, well illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE829B8FFBCFFA770F64C29FA3C5568" author="Zhu" box="[1247,1432,1573,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Zhu
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7713D4C29FAE95568" box="[1300,1357,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
(2003
</bibRefCitation>
: 99‒101, 335‒336), therefore we do not repeat the written description. Although the species was well illustrated some details of the structure of the male palp were not shown. The apical part of paracymbium is gradually tapering and its tip slightly bent and sharply pointed and looks like claw (
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776D34C81FCB755F0" box="[762,787,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Cl</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA7770D4C81FC0155F0" box="[804,933,1677,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Figs 12, 18</figureCitation>
). The tip of conductor was also not properly illustrated and shown sharply pointed and having one arm like in
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA777704CBCFC0D5593" box="[857,937,1712,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
. In high magnification (
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA770824CBCFB5D5593" box="[1195,1273,1712,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[228,1355,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 20. Copulatory organs of Pachygnatha amurensis. 11 ‒ 18, male palp; 19 ‒ 20, female copulatory organ. 11, ventral; 12, retrolateral; 13, 15, from above; 14, prolateral; 16, conductor and embolus, ventral; 17, conductor and embolus, from above; 19, genital area, ventral; 20, vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: Cl, claw-like outgrowth of paracymbium; So, outgrowth of conductor. Scale bars: 11, 14, 0.2 mm; 15 ‒ 16, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) it is clear that the tip of the conductor is bifurcated and has two arms. In addition, there is a small outgrowth (
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA770AC4CDFFB0455BE" box="[1157,1184,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">So</emphasis>
) on the retrolateral side of the conductor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36307C2FFBCFFA774EE4D14FE0B54EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC65449FFBCFFA774EE4D14FE0B54EE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1573,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA774EE4D14FEF6547B" bold="true" box="[199,338,1816,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134248CCFFBCFFA775494D14FE0B547B" box="[352,431,1816,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1479,1501]" captionTargetBox="[338,1246,573,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[338,1247,573,1458]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution records of Pachygnatha amurensis: square, type locality of P. amurensis; diamond, type locality of P. gaoi; filled circle, material examined; open circle, literature records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244864/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA775EB4D14FD64547B" box="[450,704,1816,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA775EB4D14FD64547B" box="[450,704,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Pachygnatha amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a relatively small range and is restricted to the eastern part of the Amur River basin. It is known from Blagoveshchensk (northernmost locality) to Khabarovsk and from Ji'an County in Jilin (southernmost locality) to Vladivostok. It is very likely that this species also occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBCFFA770F04D51FAC25420" box="[1241,1382,1885,1908]" name="North Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">North Korea</collectingCountry>
and Heilongjiang Province of
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBCFFA775844D8CFE5454C3" box="[429,496,1920,1943]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">China</collectingCountry>
. The
<typeStatus id="54C2EAEBFFBCFFA776054D8CFDFE54C3" box="[556,602,1920,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">type</typeStatus>
localities of
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA776CE4D8CFC9654C3" box="[743,818,1920,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoi">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA776CE4D8CFC9654C3" box="[743,818,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. gaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C792FCAFFBCFFA7774E4D8CFC4B54C3" box="[871,1007,1920,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pachygnatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B90D885BFFBCFFA7774E4D8CFC4B54C3" box="[871,1007,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">P. amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lie on the border with
<collectingCountry id="F36E14D9FFBCFFA770CE4D8CFACA54C3" box="[1255,1390,1920,1943]" name="North Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">North Korea</collectingCountry>
and Heilongjiang respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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