718 lines
92 KiB
XML
718 lines
92 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717000" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d84e6a89-a7db-42aa-beb5-d368571b616e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488181" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3717000" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D56692E-B1F3-4557-89C6-0595CCE4CA9C" checkinTime="1584125100876" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Pinna, Mario de, Abrahão, Vitor, Reis, Vinicius & Zanata, Angela" docDate="2018" docId="03946303FFFAFFEFFC64C932B5F8885E" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.16.4.e180049.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Copionodon exotatos Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="2D56692E-B1F3-4557-89C6-0595CCE4CA9C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFAD1B7BFFFBFFE6FFD4CB03B77B8F57" masterDocTitle="A new species of Copionodon representing a relictual occurrence of the Copionodontinae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with a CT-scan imaging survey of key subfamilial features" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1636532066407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Copionodon representing a relictual occurrence of the Copionodontinae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with a CT-scan imaging survey of key subfamilial features</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pinna, Mario de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abrahão, Vitor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reis, Vinicius</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zanata, Angela</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-12-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20180049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">d84e6a89-a7db-42aa-beb5-d368571b616e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3710259</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">661304D3-1725-402C-B7E4-E7DD13009864</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3717000" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D56692E-B1F3-4557-89C6-0595CCE4CA9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03946303FFFAFFEFFC64C932B5F8885E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection box="[944,1321,561,586]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[944,1321,561,586]" box="[944,1321,561,586]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading bold="true" box="[944,1321,561,586]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[944,1321,561,586]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata, 2018" authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[944,1175,561,585]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos" status="new species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[944,1175,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1189,1321,561,586]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<uri pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2D56692E-B1F3-4557-89C6- 0595CCE4CA9C</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1075,1189,722,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[1075,1189,722,746]" box="[1075,1189,722,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1075,1189,722,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1082,1180,722,746]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-2="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1452,787,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575925968" collectingDate="2017-03-04" collectionCode="V" collectorName="M. de Pinna & Abrahao & Reis & A. Zanata" country="Brazil" county="Chapada" latitude="-12.371011" location="Cachoeira do Mosquito" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.371067" municipality="Mosquito" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="MZUSP 123522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,917,787,811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus box="[813,917,787,811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<specimenCode box="[935,1119,787,811]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZUSP 123522</specimenCode>
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,
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<quantity box="[1135,1235,787,811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="36.9">36.9 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<collectingCountry box="[1298,1366,787,811]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[1383,1448,787,811]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty box="[813,906,819,843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chapada</collectingCounty>
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<taxonomicName authority=", Lencois" authorityName="Lencois" box="[914,1140,819,843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina, Lençóis</taxonomicName>
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, exit of rock-enclosed sector of right-hand branch of riacho do
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1197,1299,851,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mosquito</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(immediately upstream from
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03946303FFFAFFEFFC64C932B5F8885E:8EE284CEFFFAFFE7FC0DC870B39A8CDC" box="[985,1249,883,907]" country="Brazil" county="Chapada" latitude="-12.371011" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.371067" municipality="Mosquito" name="Cachoeira do Mosquito" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">Cachoeira do Mosquito</location>
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||
), itself a tributary of
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03946303FFFAFFEFFC64C932B5F8885E:8EE284CEFFFAFFE7FC99C890B36F8CFC" box="[845,1044,915,939]" country="Brazil" county="Chapada" latitude="-12.371011" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.371067" municipality="Mosquito" name="rio Santo Antonio" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">rio Santo Antônio</location>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03946303FFFAFFEFFC64C932B5F8885E:8EE284CEFFFAFFE7FBF6C890B3C28CFC" box="[1058,1209,915,939]" country="Brazil" county="Chapada" latitude="-12.371011" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.371067" municipality="Mosquito" name="rio Paraguacu" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">rio Paraguaçu</location>
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basin
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[1285,1447,915,939]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="15.64" value="-12.371011">12°22’15.64”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[813,982,947,971]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="15.85" value="-41.371067">41°22’15.85”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[999,1141,947,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. de Pinna</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1157,1176,947,970]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName box="[1190,1285,947,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Abrahão</collectorName>
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||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1300,1319,947,970]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName box="[1335,1382,947,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Reis</collectorName>
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||
&
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||
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. Zanata</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[899,1027,979,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2017-03-04">
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||
<collectingDate box="[899,1027,979,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2017-03-04">4 Mar 2017</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1451,1043,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575925967" collectingDate="56-12-16" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="M. de Pinna & Abrahao & Reis & A. Zanata" country="Brazil" county="Chapada" latitude="-12.371011" location="Cachoeira do Mosquito" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.371067" municipality="Mosquito" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,927,1044,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<typeStatus box="[813,927,1044,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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<collectionCode box="[940,1028,1043,1067]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
<date box="[1034,1117,1043,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="56-12-16">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1034,1117,1043,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="56-12-16">121656</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, 5,
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<quantity box="[1154,1304,1043,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="24.2" valueMax="35.8" valueMin="12.6">12.6-35.8 mm</quantity>
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SL, collected with holotype
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1452,1140,1964]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1452,974,1350]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,922,1140,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
. Distinguished from all copionodontines, except
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<emphasis box="[813,1085,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bichuette, de Pinna & Trajano" authorityYear="2008" box="[813,1081,1172,1196]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Glaphyropoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosum">Glaphyropoma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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</emphasis>
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||
by the presence of opercular odontodes (with presence variable;
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<emphasis box="[1141,1170,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs.</emphasis>
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||
opercular odontodes entirely absent;
|
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<figureCitation box="[941,1038,1236,1260]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionStartId-2="3.[129,168,862,886]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetBox-2="[273,1301,179,841]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[261,1319,171,850]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Copionodon exotatos, paratype, MZUSP 121656, opercle and interopercle, right side, lateral view. Abbreviations: OPOD, opercular odontodes; OP, opercle; INT, interopercle. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710267" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3710267/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 2-4</figureCitation>
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||
). Further distinguished from all congeners by the small eye in mid- to large-sized specimens (over
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||
<quantity box="[813,886,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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||
SL, 11-12% HL;
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||
<emphasis box="[1074,1103,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
13% or more;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1260,1336,1300,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
); and from all except
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Pinna, Burger & Zanata, 2018" authorityName="de Pinna, Burger & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[919,1381,1332,1356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elysium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[919,1030,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. elysium</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="de Pinna M & Burger R & Zanata AM" box="[1036,1381,1332,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref7160" refString="de Pinna M, Burger R, Zanata AM. A new species of Copionodon lacking a free orbital rim (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2018; 16 (2): e 170146 [9 p.]." type="book" year="2018">de Pinna, Burger & Zanata, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by the lack of a free orbital rim (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1086,1164,1364,1388]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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||
). The combination of body coloration lacking conspicuous markings and lack of free orbital rim distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[1056,1177,1428,1452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
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<emphasis box="[1056,1177,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from all other congeners. Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna, Burger & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[1034,1150,1460,1484]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elysium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1150,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. elysium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Pinna, 1992" authorityName="de Pinna" authorityYear="1992" box="[1168,1451,1460,1484]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pecten">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1273,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. pecten</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Pinna MCC" box="[1284,1451,1460,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="175 - 229" refId="ref6998" refString="de Pinna MCC. A new subfamily of Trichomycteridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), lower locarioid relationships and a discussion on the impact of additional taxa for phylogeneticanalysis. Zool J Linn Soc. 1992; 106 (3): 175 - 229." type="journal article" year="1992">de Pinna, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Pinna, 1992" authorityName="de Pinna" authorityYear="1992" box="[860,1229,1492,1516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthiocarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[860,1059,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. orthiocarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Pinna MCC" box="[1067,1229,1492,1516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="175 - 229" refId="ref6998" refString="de Pinna MCC. A new subfamily of Trichomycteridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), lower locarioid relationships and a discussion on the impact of additional taxa for phylogeneticanalysis. Zool J Linn Soc. 1992; 106 (3): 175 - 229." type="journal article" year="1992">de Pinna, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the color pattern composed of a tenuous continuous and straight midlateral stripe against a uniform scattering of dark chromatophores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[821,886,1588,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,930,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
color pattern more complex, including irregular dark markings dorsal and ventral to an irregular longitudinal stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna, Burger & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[906,1018,1652,1676]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elysium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,1018,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. elysium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna" authorityYear="1992" box="[1070,1170,1652,1676]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pecten">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1170,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. pecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or absence of a midlateral stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna" authorityYear="1992" box="[909,1107,1684,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orthiocarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,1107,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. orthiocarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna, Burger & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elysium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. elysium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a conical ossification cap in the anterolateral corner of the second hypobranchial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1345,1410,1748,1772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,753,971,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[126,770,968,1624]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 5. Copionodon exotatos, paratype, MZUSP 121656, basibranchials and hypobranchials, dorsal view. Grey areas represent cartilage.Abbreviations: BB2-4, basibranchials 2 to 4; HB1-3, hypobranchials 1 to 3. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1423,1452,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
second hypobranchial entirely cartilaginous; this ossification is so far verified in a single c&s
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1180,1272,1812,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[1313,1436,1812,1836]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1313,1436,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[813,1042,1844,1868]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,1042,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Pinna" authorityYear="1992" box="[1271,1374,1844,1868]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pecten">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1271,1374,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. pecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller interopercular patch of odontodes, its anterior limit distant from lower lip (by distance equivalent to approximately mouth width) and posteriorly not reaching base of first ral-fin origin and rictal one extending beyond midlength of interopercular patch of odontodes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1196,1296,1006,1030]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1311,1340,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
maxillary barbel reaching posterior ¼ of length of interopercular patch of odontodes and rictal reaching anterior ¼ of length of interopercular patch of odontodes). From species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Glaphyropoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyropoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new taxon further differs by the broad first hypo- branchial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[928,994,1166,1190]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,753,971,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[126,770,968,1624]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 5. Copionodon exotatos, paratype, MZUSP 121656, basibranchials and hypobranchials, dorsal view. Grey areas represent cartilage.Abbreviations: BB2-4, basibranchials 2 to 4; HB1-3, hypobranchials 1 to 3. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710269/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1030,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. slender;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1137,1164,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Pinna MCC" box="[1172,1336,1166,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="175 - 229" refId="ref6998" refString="de Pinna MCC. A new subfamily of Trichomycteridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), lower locarioid relationships and a discussion on the impact of additional taxa for phylogeneticanalysis. Zool J Linn Soc. 1992; 106 (3): 175 - 229." type="journal article" year="1992">de Pinna, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bichuette ME & de Pinna MCC & Trajano E" box="[813,1045,1198,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3" refId="ref6746" refString="Bichuette ME, de Pinna MCC, Trajano E. A new species of Glaphyropoma: the first subterranean copionodontine catfish and the first occurrence of opercular odontodes in the subfamily (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2008; 6 (3): 301 - 06." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Bichuette
|
||
<emphasis box="[922,976,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6), the caudal fin bilobed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1380,1445,1198,1222]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,835,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. truncate), the toothed portion on dentary not reaching the coronoid process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1006,1070,1262,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[283,1311,183,803]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1326,171,811]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Copionodon exotatos, paratype, MZUSP 121656. Lower jaw, left side, mesial view.Abbreviations:AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710271/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1081,1110,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
reaching coronoid process), and the presence of asymmetrical spatulate teeth in jaws (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1370,1446,1294,1318]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,175,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[268,1326,1105,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[265,1329,1102,1690]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 11. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of jaws, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary; PMX, premaxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,842,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
all teeth symmetrically spatulate).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF42829DFFFAFFE7FF55CFD0B54B8A5C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42829DFFFAFFE7FF55CFD0B54B8A5C" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" targetBox="[136,758,1308,1952]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,767,1235,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,208,1235,1259]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tab. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata, 2018" authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[476,707,1235,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos" status="new species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[476,707,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. N = 6; SD = standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<table box="[136,758,1308,1952]" gridcols="5" gridrows="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1308,1327]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th box="[447,526,1308,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th box="[545,628,1308,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Range</th>
|
||
<th box="[655,704,1308,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mean</th>
|
||
<th box="[731,758,1308,1327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1342,1361]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1342,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Total length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1342,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">44.78</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1342,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">30.9-41.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1342,1361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">39.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1342,1361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1372,1391]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1372,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Standard length in mm</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1372,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">38.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1372,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">26.1-35.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1372,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">33.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1372,1391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1402,1422]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,758,1402,1422]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Percents of standard length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1432,1452]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1432,1452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1432,1452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">14.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1432,1452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">13.3-14.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1432,1452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">14.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1432,1452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1462,1482]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1462,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Predorsal length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1462,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">58.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1462,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">54.6-58.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1462,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">57.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1462,1482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1493,1512]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1493,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Preanal length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1493,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">63.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1493,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">62.5-63.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1493,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">63.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1493,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1523,1542]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1523,1542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Prepelvic length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1523,1542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">48.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1523,1542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">48.8-51.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1523,1542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">49.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1523,1542]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1553,1572]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1553,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Caudal peduncle length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1553,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">20</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1553,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">19.6-20.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1553,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">19.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1553,1572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1583,1603]" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1583,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1583,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">11.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1583,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">11.1-12.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1583,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">11.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1583,1603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1614,1633]" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1614,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1614,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">9.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1614,1633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">9.7-11.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1614,1633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1614,1633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1644,1663]" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1644,1663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Anal-fin base length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1644,1663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">15.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1644,1663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">15.7-19.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1644,1663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">17</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1644,1663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1674,1693]" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1674,1693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1674,1693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">23.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1674,1693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">23-24.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1674,1693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">23.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1674,1693]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1704,1724]" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,758,1704,1724]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Percents of head length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1735,1754]" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1735,1754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head width</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1735,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">87.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1735,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">86.5-90.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1735,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">88.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1735,1754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1765,1784]" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1765,1784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1765,1784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">47.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1765,1784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">50-50.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1765,1784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">49.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1765,1784]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1795,1814]" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1795,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1795,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">42.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1795,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">38.9-43.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1795,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">41.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1795,1814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1825,1844]" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1825,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mouth width</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1825,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">38.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1825,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">37-37.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1825,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">37.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1825,1844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1855,1875]" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1855,1875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1855,1875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">50</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1855,1875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">46.1-48.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1855,1875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">48.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1855,1875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1881,1925]" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1881,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Length of interopercular patch of odontodes</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1881,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">37.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1881,1925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">33.9-38.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1881,1925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">36.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1881,1925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[136,758,1933,1952]" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<th box="[136,419,1933,1952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td box="[447,526,1933,1952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">11.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,628,1933,1952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">12.6-17.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[655,704,1933,1952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">13.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[731,758,1933,1952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[136,175,463,487]" targetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1459,463,520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,208,463,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[217,447,464,488]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[217,447,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Municipio de Palmeiras, Riacho" authorityName="Municipio de Palmeiras, Riacho" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho</taxonomicName>
|
||
do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710263" box="[136,1390,1314,1339]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" targetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1390,1314,1339]" box="[136,1390,1314,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,173,1314,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[186,206,1314,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[213,441,1314,1338]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,441,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710265" box="[136,1122,1940,1964]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" targetBox="[136,1459,1376,1924]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1122,1940,1964]" box="[136,1122,1940,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,206,1940,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[213,441,1940,1964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,441,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[129,168,862,886]" targetBox="[273,1301,179,841]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,1452,862,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,201,862,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[210,440,863,887]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,440,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, MZUSP 121656, opercle and interopercle, right side, lateral view. Abbreviations: OPOD, opercular odontodes; OP, opercle; INT, interopercle. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710269/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[129,168,1637,1661]" targetBox="[151,753,971,1611]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1637,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,204,1637,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[217,450,1637,1661]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[217,450,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, MZUSP 121656, basibranchials and hypobranchials, dorsal view. Grey areas represent cartilage. Abbreviations: BB
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[535,556,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2-4</subScript>
|
||
, basibranchials 2 to 4; HB
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[193,214,1749,1763]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1-3</subScript>
|
||
, hypobranchials 1 to 3. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1808,1960]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1452,1390,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
pectoral-fin ray (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[312,395,1808,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,431,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. interopercular patch of odontodes large, its anterior limit near lower lip (separated by distance equivalent approximately to half of mouth width) and posteriorly reaching beyond pectoral-fin base) and lon- ger barbels, with maxillary barbel usually reaching pecto-
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,945,1390,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body elongate, trunk roughly as deep as wide in cross-section near head, gradually more compressed posterior to end of pectoral fin. Caudal peduncle compressed, tapering to caudal fin. Dorsal profile of body and head ne- arly straight from snout to dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex near head. Posterior region of body straight from endpoint of dorsal fin to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile straight along head and gular regions, nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of body; convex or slightly convex from that point to pelvic-fin origin and nearly straight or slightly concave from pelvic-fin base to caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile of adipose fin nearly straight; fin barely developed, somewhat more visible pos- terior to vertical through end of anal-fin base. Adipose and caudal fins confluent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1048,1144,1806,1830]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-2="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,1390,1958]" lastBlockId="4.[136,775,1808,1960]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Head slightly longer than wide and depressed. Mouth inferior, subterminal, located close to anterior margin of snout. Upper lip narrow in ventral view, rounded ventrally. Ventral margin of upper lip continuous laterally with rictal barbel. Lower lip with about same thickness as upper lip; continuous, not divided in lateral halves by median constriction, only slightly less convex. Angle of mouth with fleshy outgrowth just posterior and adpressed to rictal barbel (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2-3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,175,825,849]" targetBox="[283,1311,183,803]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1459,825,881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,205,825,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[212,439,825,849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,439,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, MZUSP 121656. Lower jaw, left side, mesial view. Abbreviations: AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710273" box="[136,737,1735,1759]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710273/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,175,1735,1759]" targetBox="[206,1390,931,1716]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,737,1735,1759]" box="[136,737,1735,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,206,1735,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[503,730,1735,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,730,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1459,1808,1960]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1452,1807,1959]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Dentary and premaxillary teeth somewhat similar to each other in shape and arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1226,1304,1840,1864]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,175,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[268,1326,1105,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[265,1329,1102,1690]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 11. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of jaws, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary; PMX, premaxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth gradually larger towards symphysis. First row of teeth spatulate and darkly-pigmented distally in dentary and premaxilla, with spatulate portion in some teeth symmetrical and others asymmetrical; spatulate portion not overlapping in lower jaw (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[184,264,1839,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,175,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[268,1326,1105,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[265,1329,1102,1690]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 11. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of jaws, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary; PMX, premaxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal border of teeth straight. In both jaws, second row of teeth also slightly expanded distally; third row conical. Teeth on lower jaw distributed over anterior two thirds of ossification and not reaching coronoid process. Outer series of lower jaw with about six to eight spatulate larger anterior teeth followed by three to five conical teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710275/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[129,168,785,809]" targetBox="[261,1319,174,769]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[129,1452,785,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,202,785,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Collection site of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[408,638,785,809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,638,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right-hand branch of Riacho do Mosquito (trib. to rio Santo Antônio, rio Paraguaçu drainage), immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito (12º21’59.51”S, 41 ºS 22”19.37”W) at exit of rock-enclosed sector.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[129,168,1674,1698]" targetBox="[261,1319,910,1653]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[129,1451,1674,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,199,1674,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[206,434,1674,1698]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,434,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Copionodon
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[345,434,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="exotatos">exotatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of anterior portion of skull, dorsal view. Abbreviations: PMX, premaxilla; MX, maxilla; QUA, quadrate; PO, preopercle; ME, mesethmoid; AF,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1136,1219,1706,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="anterior">anterior</taxonomicName>
|
||
fontanel; FR, frontal; DEN, dentary; PAL, palatine; AA, anguloarticular; LE, lateral ethmoid; HYO, hyomandibula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1452,1807,1959]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1452,176,1800]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Eyes large in small specimens but small in mid- to large- -sized ones, without free orbital rim and covered with transparent skin. Eyes located slightly anterior to half of head length, much closer to lateral border of head than to midline in dorsal view. Infraorbital latero-sensory canal complete, extending from sphenotic posteriorly to first infraorbital (la- crimal) anteriorly. Three infraorbital pores, one directly posterior to posterior margin of eye, another directly ventral to ventralmost point of eye, and a third anteroventral to eye in lateral view. Anterior nares surrounded by short tube of integument directed anterolaterally, continuous posterolaterally with nasal barbel. Posterior nares slightly closer together than anterior ones, surrounded by tube of integument incomple- te posterolaterally, with appearance of two partly confluent flaps of skin. Three pairs of thin flat barbels, wide at base and gradually narrowing distally to fine tip. Maxillary barbel reaching slightly beyond base of pectoral fin. Rictal barbel inserted ventral to maxillary barbel, extending to middle of interopercular patch of odontodes. Nasal barbel originating on posterolateral region of anterior nares, reaching to middle of opercular patch of odontodes (or homologous position in specimens without latter) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[418,518,1328,1352]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2-3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nasal barbels shorter in juvenile specimens (12.6 and
|
||
<quantity box="[485,581,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL), reaching to middle or posterior margin of eye. Interopercle with well- -developed odontodes, visible in ventral aspect of head. Interopercular patch of odontodes extending from vertical through posterior border of eye anteriorly to slightly anterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base posteriorly. Odontodes arranged in two series, with those on mesial series larger than those on lateral one; odontodes gradually larger posteriorly in both series, with those posteriorly on mesial row largest. Eight odontodes on mesial row and six or seven on lateral row. Interopercular odontodes not yet developed in two smallest specimens examined (12.6 and
|
||
<quantity box="[615,712,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL). Opercular patch of odontodes variably present in two of four adults or subadult type specimens (odontodes not yet developed in two additional juvenile
|
||
<typeStatus box="[534,641,1808,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). Opercular odontodes vestigial in
|
||
<typeStatus box="[382,478,1840,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, apparently lacking direct mineralized connection with opercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[532,608,1872,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[136,175,940,964]" captionTargetBox="[268,1326,174,924]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[265,1329,171,924]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 13. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of opercle and interopercle, right side. Abbreviations: VOD, vestigial odontodes; OP, opercle; INT, interopercle. Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710287/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) yet visible on surface of skin. Patch small and inconspicuous on surface of head, located anterodorsally to pectoral-fin base, with single row of four or five small odontodes sunk in individual slits of integument. Entire patch surrounded by specialized rim of integument typical of that complex in most other trichomycterids. Specimens without opercular patch of odontodes with homologous region of head smooth, lacking both odontodes and associated integumentary modifications (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1295,1360,336,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,862,886]" captionTargetBox="[273,1301,179,841]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1319,171,850]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Copionodon exotatos, paratype, MZUSP 121656, opercle and interopercle, right side, lateral view. Abbreviations: OPOD, opercular odontodes; OP, opercle; INT, interopercle. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710267/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710281/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,175,1006,1030]" targetBox="[268,1326,174,990]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1459,1006,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,221,1006,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[230,459,1006,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,459,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan images of right premaxilla and associated dentition:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1459,1006,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">a.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[280,301,1038,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710283/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,175,1703,1727]" targetBox="[268,1326,1105,1687]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1459,1703,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,220,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[228,457,1703,1727]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[228,457,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of jaws, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: AA, anguloarticular; DEN, dentary; PMX, premaxilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1452,176,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Pectoral fin large, extending to middle of distance betwe- en occipital and pelvic-fin base, gently convex in distal pro- file, its base immediately posterior to vertical through pos- terior tip of interopercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1094,1159,464,488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pectoral-fin rays i8i*(1), i9(1), or i9i(2). Pectoral-fin rays approximately same length except for short last one. Pelvic fin with round distal pro- file, its origin at or slightly posterior to middle of SL, and well anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin, entirely covering anal and urogenital openings, reaching or almost reaching anal-fin origin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1089,1155,656,680]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pelvic-fin rays i5/i5i*(1) or i5i(3), first ray (unbranched) shorter than others. Dorsal fin smaller than anal fin, its distal profile gently convex. Dorsal-fin origin closer to base of caudal fin than to tip of snout (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[887,952,784,808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal-fin rays i5i*(1), ii5(3). Anal fin with base longer than that of dorsal, and total area larger than those of all other fins except caudal, its distal profile strongly convex. Anal-fin origin slightly anterior to vertical through end of dorsal-fin base (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1059,1123,912,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal-fin rays ii8*(1), iii9(1), or iii10(2). Caudal fin bilobed with round corners, with 8/9 principal rays. Upper lobe slightly longer than lower lobe in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1005,1069,1008,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays, plus one dorsal segmented non-principal ray dorsally and two ventrally. Adipose fin shallow, without clear anterior and posterior limits, extending between end of dorsal fin and caudal-fin origin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1190,1254,1136,1160]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Degree of deve- lopment of adipose fin ontogenetically variable, apparently inversely proportional do size of fish. Vertebrae 33*(2) or 34(2). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore immediately posterior to neural spine of 11th or 12th vertebra, first anal-fin ptery- giophore immediately posterior to neural spine of 14th or 15th vertebra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[129,168,837,861]" targetBox="[129,768,174,821]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[129,768,837,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,215,837,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[225,456,837,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[225,456,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan images of Weberian ossicles, right side. a- three ossicles in natural relative positions, dorsal view, b- Scaphium in lateral view. Abbreviations: AR, articular process; AS, ascending process; CS, concha scaphium; INT, intercalarium; SC, scaphium; TR, tripus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1452,176,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lateral line splitting immediately after leaving neurocranium, with ventral branch very short and with single terminal pore. Dorsal and main branch extending continuously to approximately a vertical through middle of pectoral fin and extending posteriorly along entire body length as series of independent tubules, progressively shorter and more spaced out posteriorly. Last tubule over complex caudal centrum and base of hypural plate. Lateral line ossicles absent. Pleural ribs 11*(4). Branchiostegal rays six* (4). Dorsal-fin pterygiophores seven* (4). Anal-fin pterygiophores 12(2); remaining specimens could not be examined with the available images. A single large and ossified proximal pectoral-fin radial and four (1) or six (1) cartilaginous distal pectoral-fin radials.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1452,1841,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1066,1841,1865]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coloration in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum and sides of body mostly uniformly colored by small dark chromatophores, dense dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[914,1011,1905,1929]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-2="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1064,1160,1905,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, faint lateral dark band extending midlaterally alongside of body, more pronounced
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3710287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710287/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[136,175,940,964]" targetBox="[268,1326,174,924]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1459,940,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,220,940,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[228,456,940,964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[228,456,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MZUSP 120631, CT-scan image of opercle and interopercle, right side. Abbreviations: VOD, vestigial odontodes; OP, opercle; INT, interopercle. Lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,776,1042,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
posterior to vertical through middle of dorsal-fin base. Band running exactly along midlateral line on the anterior half of SL, shifting to immediately dorsal to midline posteriorly to that. Middorsal line slightly lighter than rest of dorsum anteriorly to dorsal fin in some specimens. Abdominal region mostly white, with sparse dark fields mesial to base of pec- toral fin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[234,314,1234,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,776,1042,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Overall color of head similar to, and slightly denser than, that of dorsum. Region of head corresponding to skull roof darkest due to combination with underlying brain pigment. Laterosensory pores on head white. Nostrils whitish. Integument slits of individual opercular odontodes, when present, white. Ventral surface of head with scattered minute melanophores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[247,326,1458,1482]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fleshy outgrowth at angle of mouth white. Upper and lower lips heavily darkly-pigmented, except for white anterior margin of lower lip and inner margin of upper one. Nasal barbel uniformly dark along its entire length, on both sides. Maxillary barbel lighter than nasal barbel and gradually lighter distally, its dorsal surface darker than ventral one. Rictal barbel mostly white, with few dark fields near base. All rayed fins with sparse melanophores irregu- larly scattered alongside individual rays and segment limits. Pelvic and anal fins lighter than remaining fins. Adipose fin with uniform coating of melanophores similar to that on dorsal portion of body but looking darker because of different underlying tissues. Base of pectoral fin with rounded dark fields. Region around base of pelvic fins white. Narrow vertical white area at base of caudal fin, clearly separating origin of fin from caudal peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[515,605,1938,1962]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,175,463,487]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,152,1315,1339]" captionStartId-2="2.[136,175,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1459,174,448]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1459,554,1299]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,1459,1376,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[136,1459,171,451]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[136,1459,551,1299]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[136,1459,1373,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Município de Palmeiras, Riacho do Mosquito, immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, rio Paraguaçu basin." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Left to right, dorsal and ventral views of head." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Copionodon exotatos, holotype, MZUSP 120631, 45.0 mm SL. Lateral view of head." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710261" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710265" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3710261/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3710263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3710265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1459,1042,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Coloration of very small specimens (12.6 and
|
||
<quantity box="[1362,1458,1042,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) similar to that of adults, but with a mostly white adipose fin and lower caudal peduncle fin-fold and no trace of a midlateral stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1459,1202,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,943,1203,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet comes from the Greek
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning outermost, in reference to the outlying locality of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1459,1331,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,967,1331,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known exclusively from the type-locality (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[828,894,1363,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[206,1390,931,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1402,924,1723]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 7. Geographic distribution of Copionodon exotatos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710273/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1459,1427,1964]" lastBlockId="9.[129,768,176,648]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1009,1427,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The riacho do Mosquito is perennial and torrential in the rainy season, but its flow is reduced drasti- cally in the dry season. It runs on the eastern slopes of the Sincorá Range. The hydrological route of the stream at the type locality is peculiar. At approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1305,1459,1555,1579]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="59.51" value="-12.366531">12º21’59.51”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[820,984,1587,1611]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="19.37" value="-41.372044">41º22’19.37”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
it splits into right and left arms. The entire right arm enters a sinkhole shortly after the split and becomes totally subterranean for ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1101,1166,1651,1675]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
(in straight line, likely more as stream path; this subterranean sector is yet unmapped). The left arm remains on the surface. At the time of our sampling the entire region was undergoing the hardest drought in many years and the left epigean arm was entirely dry while the right arm maintained a small but consistent flow. The course of the two arms rejoin shortly after the emergence of the right arm, immediately before the precipitous waterfall called Cachoeira do Mosquito.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[972,1198,1907,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1198,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sampled at a point near the emergence of the subterranean sector of the right arm (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[136,200,176,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[129,168,785,809]" captionTargetBox="[261,1319,174,769]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[261,1319,174,769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 8. Collection site of Copionodon exotatos, right-hand branch of Riacho do Mosquito (trib. to rio Santo Antônio, rio Paraguaçu drainage), immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito (12º21’59.51”S, 41 ºS 22”19.37”W) at exit of rock-enclosed sector." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3710275/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). That portion is the terminal part of the subterranean sector and is itself not exactly a cave, but rather a rock-enclosed portion at ground level on sloped terrain, with part of the enclosure apparently man-made and with evidence of past use of explosives. Such structures are locally known as “grunas” and are sites of past small-scale diamond mining. All specimens came from a small area some
|
||
<quantity box="[520,587,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep, but which was the deepest portion of the stream in several square meters. The substrate was gravel, sand and solid rock. Collection and visual inspection of the riacho do Mosquito about three km both upstream and downstream from the subterranean sector revealed no copionodontines, but its uppermost sectors remain unsampled. Examination of stomach contents of one
|
||
<typeStatus box="[129,219,593,617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(now c&s) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[365,481,593,616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[365,481,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes allochthonous and autochthonous items, composed mainly of aquatic insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[129,768,689,1449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,365,689,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[376,607,689,713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,607,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Copionodon exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known exclusively from a short (ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[425,487,721,745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</quantity>
|
||
) and mostly underground sector of the riacho do Mosquito (tributary of the Upper rio Paraguaçu basin, within the Chapada Diamantina Domain). It is possible that during the rainy season it spreads further out in the epigean sector, but this is currently unknown. The reduced flow of water in the dry season makes that stream particularly vulnerable to any pollutants and is associated with the entrenched distribution of the species, which in turn results in an obviously vulnerable situation. The environment of the species has well oxygenated fast-running clear water running over nude rocky bottom with patches of sand. The apparently narrowly endemic nature of the species makes it (and remaining copionodontines) dependent on the preservation the delicate headwaters they inhabit. The reduced flow of water in the dry season, and the use of water for human consumption and livestock in addition to deforestation of the banks constitute threats to the species, resulting in an obviously vulnerable situation. This, along with the absence of studies on population biology and geographical range reductions for this species allow us to classify
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[645,767,1329,1353]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[645,767,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Data Deficient (DD) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[129,768,1489,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,233,1490,1514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Because no specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" box="[520,640,1490,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,640,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found either upstream or downstream of the subterranean sector of the riacho do Mosquito, it is likely that most of the population of the species resides inside the subterranean portion, yet unsampled. In that case, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[483,529,1618,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Abrahão & Reis & Zanata" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exotatos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. exotatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were probably rogue specimens roaming close to the limits of their subterranean habitat, at the beginning of the outflowing epigean sector. Collection of more abundant ma- terial of the species, from throughout its range, will require speleological exploration of the Mosquito Cave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |