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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="ACD71551680B0FD9341228CD95E7614F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia ciliata Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193. t. 5, f. 16. 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1668139139961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>114</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>123</mods:start>
<mods:end>206</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-114-123</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ACD71551680B0FD9341228CD95E7614F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACD71551680B0FD9341228CD95E7614F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
5.
<taxonomicName LSID="6B6B69D9-93EA-5760-B2DF-59ACD87B9EB6" authority="(Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193. t. 5, f. 16. 1824." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193. t.5, f.16. 1824.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. A-C Muhlenbergia caxamarcensis Laegaard &amp; Sanchez Vega A habit B panicle branch C floret D-G Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Trin D habit E ligule F glumes G floret. Drawings A-C from Laegaard and Sanchez Vega (1990) from holotype collection (S. A. Renvoize &amp; S. Laegaard 4962) D-G from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4541 (WS)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254045" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Fig. 4D-G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum ciliatum" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">Podosemum ciliatum</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1:128-129. 1816.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roem &amp; Schult" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Trichochloa ciliata</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:386. 1817.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spreng" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Polypogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polypogon ciliatus" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatus">Polypogon ciliatus</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:243. 1825. Type: Mexico,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
de Jorullo, Sep,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P-HBK!; isotypes: BAA-1619 ex P!, BM!, P-Bonpl!, US-91918 fragm. ex P!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia adspersa" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adspersa">Muhlenbergia adspersa</taxonomicName>
Trin.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mém">Mem</normalizedToken>
. Acad. Imp. Sci.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Petersbourg</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(3-4):291. 1841. Type: Peru, Lima,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">ex herb. C.H. Mertens s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: LE?; isotypes: LE-TRIN-1486.01 fragm. ex LE herb. Mertens!, US-87236 fragm. ex LE herb. Mertens!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
Sprawling, slender
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">annuals</emphasis>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Culms</emphasis>
8-30 (-50) cm tall, glabrous, filiform, often tufted, freely branching at lower nodes; 0.2-0.5 mm diameter just below the inflorescence;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">internodes</emphasis>
6-42 mm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
(8-) 20-44 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pilose along the margins, shorter than the internodes;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">ligules</emphasis>
0.2-0.8 mm long, a ciliate membrane; apex truncate; margin with a tuft of hairs up to 1 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">blades</emphasis>
1-4 cm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, often sparsely pilose above, glabrous below.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Panicles</emphasis>
4-12 cm long, 1.8-5.0 cm wide, terminal, densely flowered;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">primary branches</emphasis>
1.5-3.7 cm long spreading and reflexed at maturity up to 90° from the rachises, one per node;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">pedicels</emphasis>
0.5-3 mm long, glabrous, appressed, erect; nodes 6-13 per panicle;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Spikelets</emphasis>
appressed to the branches, overlapping;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">glumes</emphasis>
0.7-1.7 mm long, subequal, glabrous, 1-nerved; apex acuminate, often mucronate; the mucro up to 0.5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">lower glumes</emphasis>
0.7-1.5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">upper glumes</emphasis>
0.8-1.7 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">lemmas</emphasis>
1.8-2.5 mm long, lanceolate, slender, awned, strongly 3-nerved but appearing five-nerved, the intermediate
<normalizedToken originalValue="“nerves”">&quot;nerves&quot;</normalizedToken>
actually rows of short barbs on top of folded epidermal ridges, sometimes with prominent short hairs (scabers) along the lateral nerves, often appearing glabrous without magnification, awns 5-11(-18) mm long, flexuous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">callus</emphasis>
minutely short pubescent;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">paleas</emphasis>
1.6-2.4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">anthers</emphasis>
0.3-0.5 mm long, yellowish.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Caryopses</emphasis>
0.8-1.8 mm long, narrowly fusiform, brownish. 2
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">n</emphasis>
= 20.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found throughout
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
and Central America in Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found on moist to dry soils usually beneath taller vegetation, sandy drainages, steep rocky slopes, rock outcrops and disturbed roadsides in woodlands with
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Agave" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agave" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Andropogon" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Andropogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens" order="Campanulales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Bothriochloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriochloa" order="Cactales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Bothriochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium" order="Campanulales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Eupatorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Melinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melinus minutiflora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Melinus minutiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P. Beauv.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 279, f. 2 A-B" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Doell" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia bryophilus" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bryophilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Muhlenbergia bryophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Salvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1000-2400 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and can be differentiated from the latter in having short ligules 0.2-0.8 mm long [1.2-3.0 (-5.0) mm long in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], paleas that are glabrous between the veins on the proximal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
(versus appressed pubescent), 6-13 nodes along the panicle (versus 15-23) and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">panicles</emphasis>
that are 4-12 cm long (versus 7-15 cm long) [
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="21 - 54" refId="B28" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2011. Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina. Caldasia 33: 21 - 54" title="Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina." volume="33" year="2011">
Peterson and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B29" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2012. Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140-154." title="Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140 - 154." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
]. Some individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Peru do not have prominent cilia along the lateral veins that are present in most individuals from North America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pectinata" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.O. Goodd. (North America) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. tenella" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">M. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Trin. (North America, Central America and Colombia) [
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
]. These three species form a clade in
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Muhlenbergia" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Muhlenbergia subg. Muhlenbergia</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="19" pageNumber="142" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
Peru.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Amazonas</emphasis>
: Piedra Grande, near Rio Santo Domingo, 5000 ft alt., 14-19 May 1923, J.F. Macbride 3684 (F, US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">Cusco</emphasis>
: Urubamba, Ruinas de Macchu Picchu, 2500 m, 27 May 1963, D. Ugent 5356 (US), 2300 m, 11 Apr 1963, C. Vargas C. 14354 (US), Mar 1987, I. Grignon 2306 (AAU, US); Quebrada Termas Macchu Picchu, 25 Mar 1966, C. Vargas C. 17145 (USM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="142">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 21 air km NE of Pachitea, 7 km E of Puerto Rancho junction,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.9" value="-9.829416">9°49'45.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.9" value="-76.05359">76°3'12.9&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2094 m, 6 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20336 (US); Pachitea, canyon of the Rio Grande, along trail 1 air km NW of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Huacachay,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.7" value="-9.84575">9°50'44.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.2" value="-75.83478">75°50'5.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2323 m, 8 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20378 (US); 2 air km ESE of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eastación">Eastacion</normalizedToken>
Huacachay,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-9.859639">
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="143" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
°51'34.7&quot;S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.1" value="-75.846695">75°50'48.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1867 m, 7 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20359 (US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="143">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: between Tarma and La Merced, 3000 m, 14 Oct 1923, A.S. Hitchcock 22154 (US); Mito, 9000 ft alt., 8-18 Apr 1923, J.F. Macbride 3376 (F, US); Province Huancayo, abajo de Pariabuena, 2000 m, 6 May 1969, O. Tovar 7936 (USM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="143">La Libertad</emphasis>
: Bolivar, W of Longotea ca. 0.5 km towards San Vicente on Balsas-Longotea road,
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="35.6" value="-7.0432224">7°2'35.6&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.8" value="-77.87772">77°52'39.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2487 m, 31 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; J. Montoya Quino 21967 (US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>