335 lines
70 KiB
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335 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="515D8487CD37594A2B4E8A4F996211D1">Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="247851FAADC03F2E0AAC5AC6A8E73430">Sagorny, Christina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2680D18F47DB426AD35E1E78C6C08C5">Döhren, Jörn von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="955A869E690CA7B035F1C1959A7F2F5A">Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="28FB706D45127865921D5E3A1117F333">Rouse, Greg W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89EE045434AC80B9973D7D0F61277278">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 - 0202, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="052F3302D6A394376367E3E96A4B345E">Tilic, Ekin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED16AB25DF2D290938CB4E4212DE2D4A">Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany. & Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 - 0202, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="53777CC2E0E5344CF8DB7EDBBD0D31DF">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5F0F3852FFB9FFE2FDA0FDB2FBEA2BBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203712388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7258846" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10E0A1CA-5CC4-40D6-879D-2861A91821C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F0F3852FFB9FFE2FDA0FDB2FBEA2BBC" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFB9FFE4FDA0FDB2FC942A1A" ID-CoL="0a77054c-47d7-4e84-afe0-61c97d006417" authority="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic, 2022" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" box="[603,887,582,609]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sundbergi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FDA0FDB2FC942A1A" bold="true" box="[603,887,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Tetrastemma sundbergi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEE1E82DFFB9FFE4FC85FDB2FC3A2A1A" box="[894,985,583,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFB9FFE4FE96FD9FFC652ADC" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="A300B391FFB9FFE4FD74FD9FFB242AFE" box="[655,1223,618,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">10E0A1CA-5CC4-40D6-879D-2861A91821C9</uuid>
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FD56FD78FC652ADC" blockId="27.[365,1223,582,679]" box="[685,902,653,679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FD56FD78FCC62ADC" box="[685,805,653,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1454,1480]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertesdariaesp.nov.,holotype(exSIO-BICN262).E.Antipathariancoral(SIO-BICCo3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01).N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258872/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Figs 8J–L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FCCAFD78FC652ADC" box="[817,902,653,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">11A–G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFB9FFE4FF46FD3BFC832BFA" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FD3BFED52A93" blockId="27.[189,310,718,744]" box="[189,310,718,744]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="8C513E28FFB9FFE4FF46FD3BFED52A93" bold="true" box="[189,310,718,744]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF46FD3BFED52A93" bold="true" box="[189,310,718,744]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FD08FC832BFA" blockId="27.[189,1399,765,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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As for the genus (compare
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<bibRefCitation id="B337F4B5FFB9FFE4FDF7FD08FCA42B63" author="Sundberg P. & Gibson R." box="[524,839,765,792]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref23975" refString="Sundberg P. & Gibson R. 1995. The nemerteans (Nemertea) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Zoologica Scripta 24: 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1995. tb 00395. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Sundberg & Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFB9FFE4FCA5FD0BFB972B6C" authority="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic, 2022" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" box="[862,1140,765,791]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sundbergi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FCA5FD0BFB972B6C" box="[862,1140,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Tetrastemma sundbergi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEE1E82DFFB9FFE4FB84FD0BFB3E2B63" box="[1151,1245,766,792]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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has a bright orange yet translucent body. The head is clearly demarcated from the rest of the body and is slenderer than the rest of the body. On dorsal surface with two red spots at lateral sides of the head. Dorsal and ventral ganglia are fused. Cerebral organ alongside brain.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFB9FFE4FF46FC5DFB882B8A" box="[189,1131,936,1009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FC5DFEA72BB9" blockId="27.[189,324,936,962]" box="[189,324,936,962]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="8C513E28FFB9FFE4FF46FC5DFEA72BB9" bold="true" box="[189,324,936,962]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF46FC5DFEA72BB9" bold="true" box="[189,324,936,962]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FC22FB882B8A" blockId="27.[189,1131,983,1009]" box="[189,1131,983,1009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">For Dr Per Sundberg in recognition of his contributions to nemertean taxonomy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFB9FFE4FF46FBEDFBB92D28" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FBEDFE492C49" blockId="27.[189,426,1048,1074]" box="[189,426,1048,1074]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="8C513E28FFB9FFE4FF46FBEDFE492C49" bold="true" box="[189,426,1048,1074]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF46FBEDFE492C49" bold="true" box="[189,426,1048,1074]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF11FBB2FD792C95" blockId="27.[189,1399,1095,1262]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<materialsCitation id="67CE8319FFB9FFE4FF11FBB2FD792C95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948783321" accessionNumber="ON186255, ON036054, ON021855, ON182052" collectingDate="2018-10-24" collectorName="Jorge Cortes & Oliver Ashford & Alvin & Dive & GenBank" country="Costa Rica" elevation="998" latitude="8.93" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="780" longitude="-84.31" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF11FBB2FEBF2C1A" bold="true" box="[234,348,1095,1121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
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<typeStatus id="081D37E6FFB9FFE4FF11FBB2FEBF2C1A" box="[234,348,1095,1121]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="AFB1C9D4FFB9FFE4FF46FB9FFE892CFF" box="[189,362,1130,1156]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="C1A042CDFFB9FFE4FE76FB9FFE402CFF" box="[397,419,1130,1156]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(fixed in formaldehyde and prepared as 33 slides with transverse sections, see cybertype); methane seep
|
||
<location id="D279DF9FFFB9FFE4FE14FB78FDA72CDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F0F3852FFB9FFE2FDA0FDB2FBEA2BBC:D279DF9FFFB9FFE4FE14FB78FDA72CDC" box="[495,580,1165,1191]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.93" longLatPrecision="780" longitude="-84.31" name="Mound" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Mound</location>
|
||
12;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B292EF83FFB9FFE4FD83FB78FD352CD3" box="[632,726,1165,1192]" degrees="8.93" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="8.93">8.93° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B292EF83FFB9FFE4FD19FB78FCB72CD3" box="[738,852,1165,1192]" degrees="84.31" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="-84.31">84.31° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="105E24A1FFB9FFE4FC52FB78FBD32CD3" box="[937,1072,1165,1192]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.975" metricValueMax="9.99" metricValueMin="9.959999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="997.5" valueMax="999.0" valueMin="996.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5C8B6E77FFB9FFE4FC52FB78FBD32CD3" box="[937,1072,1165,1192]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.975" metricValueMax="9.99" metricValueMin="9.959999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="997.5" valueMax="999.0" valueMin="996.0">996–999 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="A318AF84FFB9FFE4FBC7FB78FB3B2CDC" box="[1084,1240,1165,1191]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" value="2018-10-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B35C566CFFB9FFE4FBC7FB78FB3B2CDC" box="[1084,1240,1165,1191]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" value="2018-10-24">24 Oct. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="7A53EC92FFB9FFE4FB1FFB7BFA942CDC" box="[1252,1399,1165,1192]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Jorge Cortés</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="7A53EC92FFB9FFE4FF0EFB45FE482CB1" box="[245,427,1200,1226]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Oliver Ashford</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; collected by HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FD13FB45FCC52CB1" box="[744,806,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<collectorName id="7A53EC92FFB9FFE4FD13FB45FCC52CB1" box="[744,806,1200,1226]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7A53EC92FFB9FFE4FCC0FB45FC972CB1" box="[827,884,1200,1226]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Dive</collectorName>
|
||
4978;
|
||
<collectorName id="7A53EC92FFB9FFE4FC2AFB45FBA72CB1" box="[977,1092,1200,1226]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C8F514A7FFB9FFE4FBADFB45FB382CB0" box="[1110,1243,1200,1227]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/ON186255" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">ON186255</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C8F514A7FFB9FFE4FB16FB45FA912CB0" box="[1261,1394,1200,1227]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/ON036054" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">ON036054</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C8F514A7FFB9FFE4FF46FB26FEA12C95" box="[189,322,1235,1262]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/ON021855" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">ON021855</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C8F514A7FFB9FFE4FEB5FB26FE372C95" box="[334,468,1235,1262]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/ON182052" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">ON182052</accessionNumber>
|
||
; SIO-BIC N256.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67CE8319FFB9FFE4FF11FAE0FBB92D28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948783308" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF11FAE0FE8D2D54" blockId="27.[189,1114,1301,1363]" box="[234,366,1301,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF11FAE0FE8D2D54" bold="true" box="[234,366,1301,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Cybertype</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FACCFBB92D28" blockId="27.[189,1114,1301,1363]" box="[189,1114,1336,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Images of serial sections of
|
||
<typeStatus id="081D37E6FFB9FFE4FDFEFACDFD932D29" box="[517,624,1336,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5346538.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFB9FFE2FF46FA8CFCFB2A46" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FA8CFEAD2DE8" blockId="27.[189,334,1401,1427]" box="[189,334,1401,1427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="8C513E28FFB9FFE4FF46FA8CFEAD2DE8" bold="true" box="[189,334,1401,1427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFB9FFE4FF46FA8CFEAD2DE8" bold="true" box="[189,334,1401,1427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE4FF46FA5DFAC72E34" blockId="27.[189,1400,1448,1615]" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Specimens
|
||
<quantity id="105E24A1FFB9FFE4FEB9FA5DFE772DB8" box="[322,404,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="105E24A1FFB9FFE4FDFEFA5DFDBD2DB8" box="[517,606,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Body flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FC56FA5DFBE32DB9" box="[941,1024,1448,1474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1454,1480]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertesdariaesp.nov.,holotype(exSIO-BICN262).E.Antipathariancoral(SIO-BICCo3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01).N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258872/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two pairs of cephalic furrows. Paired anterior cephalic furrows V-shaped, dorsally pointing posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FBD5FA3EFB6C2D9E" box="[1070,1167,1483,1509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1454,1480]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertesdariaesp.nov.,holotype(exSIO-BICN262).E.Antipathariancoral(SIO-BICCo3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01).N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258872/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior furrows U-shaped, located ventrally, pointing anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FD04FA1BFCBF2E72" box="[767,860,1518,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1454,1480]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertesdariaesp.nov.,holotype(exSIO-BICN262).E.Antipathariancoral(SIO-BICCo3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01).N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258872/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 8L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head clearly demarcated from rest of body, not wider than trunk, tapered. Body coloration orange. Two dark brown spots on the lateral sides of the head in place of eyes. Cerebral ganglia, gut and gonads well visible through body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FB38F9C0FAF42E34" box="[1219,1303,1589,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1454,1480]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[189,1398,265,1401]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertesdariaesp.nov.,holotype(exSIO-BICN262).E.Antipathariancoral(SIO-BICCo3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01).N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258872/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFB9FFE2FF46F983FCFB2A46" blockId="27.[188,1400,1654,1997]" lastBlockId="29.[187,1401,265,573]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Epidermis in foregut region 30 µm thick. Body wall composed of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FE80F96CFE0F2ECF" box="[379,492,1689,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Esophagus opening subterminal, ventral; stomach with lateral pouches; pylorus shorter than stomach; intestinal cecum with paired lateral, anterior pouches along brain lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FF33F915FECC2E81" box="[200,303,1760,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig.11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); intestine with deep lateral pouches. Excretory system confined to foregut region, canals inside musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FEA7F8F6FE272F66" box="[348,452,1795,1821]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Precerebral septum closed. Rhynchocoel wall with two very thin muscle layers (outer circular, inner longitudinal), rhynchocoel almost extending to posterior end of body. Proboscis with outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FBB9F8BCFB4C2F1F" box="[1090,1199,1865,1892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proboscis with 10 nerves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FEBEF898FE502FFC" box="[325,435,1901,1927]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
); central stylet plus 2 accessory stylet pouches with 2 stylets each; stylet basis circular in cross section. Proboscis pore subterminal, ventral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FC71F865FC152FD1" box="[906,1014,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nervous system with thin outer neurilemma only, without neurochord cells; dorsal and ventral ganglia fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFB9FFE4FBADF846FB212FB6" box="[1110,1218,1971,1997]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="159">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
); broad ventral commissure, narrow dorsal commissure. Precerebral nerves in two groups with 3–4 nerves each. Lateral nerve cords without accessory nerve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FD7BFED9FCED293D" box="[640,782,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerebral ganglia and anterior part of lateral nerve cords internal to longitudinal muscle layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FD4EFEBAFCD82912" box="[693,827,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); posteriorly, lateral nerve cords within body wall musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FEA6FE87FE2829F6" box="[349,459,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes absent. Cerebral organs less than half the size of brain lobes, alongside brain. Paired cerebral canal simple, unforked, opens ventro-laterally into cephalic furrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FB04FE63FA8829CB" box="[1279,1387,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical organ present, unpaired; cephalic gland extending to brain, scattered between muscle fibres in anterior part of head, forming distinct lobules further back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FC70FE29FBFF298D" box="[907,1052,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Blood system consisting of cephalic loop, mid dorsal vessel with vascular plug (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FCB2FE0AFC3F2A62" box="[841,988,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovaries lying above each other, alternating with intestinal diverticula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FD85FDD7FCE82A46" box="[638,779,546,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-11@28.[282,1306,265,1450]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. A–G. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections. H–M. Tetrastemma strandae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M). A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). C. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region. D. Pyloric region. E. Intestinal region with ovaries. F. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord. G. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature. H. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore. I. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip. J. Intestinal region with testes. K. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads). L. Proboscis armature. M. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 11D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="83D9D9CCFFBEFFE3FF46FA3AFDA82FAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7258878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258878/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="160" startId="28.[189,232,1487,1513]" targetBox="[282,1306,265,1450]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFBEFFE3FF46FA3AFDA82FAC" blockId="28.[188,1400,1487,2007]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FF46FA3AFE862D92" bold="true" box="[189,357,1487,1513]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">Fig. 11. A–G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBEFFE3FE81FA25FD712D92" authority="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic, 2022" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" box="[378,658,1487,1513]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="28" pageNumber="160" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sundbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FE81FA25FD712D92" box="[378,658,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">Tetrastemma sundbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEE1E82DFFBEFFE3FD64FA25FCE02D91" box="[671,771,1488,1514]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (SIO-BIC N256), transverse histological sections.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FECBFA06FE912E76" bold="true" box="[304,370,1523,1549]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">H–M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBEFFE3FE7DFA06FD722E77" authority="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic, 2022" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" box="[390,657,1522,1548]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="28" pageNumber="160" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="strandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FE7DFA06FD722E77" box="[390,657,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">Tetrastemma strandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEE1E82DFFBEFFE3FD64FA06FCE12E76" box="[671,770,1523,1549]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (SIO-BIC N285), horizontal histological sections (H–I) and transverse histological sections (J–M).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FC8BF9E0FC672E54" bold="true" box="[880,900,1557,1583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FF45F9CCFF322E28" bold="true" box="[190,209,1593,1619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Brain region with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FC5CF9CCFC5F2E28" bold="true" box="[935,956,1593,1619]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Proboscis with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in stomach region.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FDA2F9A9FD8D2E0D" bold="true" box="[601,622,1628,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Pyloric region.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FCBDF9A9FCB92E0D" bold="true" box="[838,858,1628,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Intestinal region with ovaries.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FB15F9A9FAE32E0D" bold="true" box="[1262,1280,1628,1654]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior part of lateral nerve cord.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FDFBF98AFDF42EE2" bold="true" box="[512,535,1663,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior part of lateral nerve cord located in body wall musculature.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FF46F956FF372EC6" bold="true" box="[189,212,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Longitudinal section through anterior tip with proboscis pore.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FC2EF956FC3D2EC6" bold="true" box="[981,990,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Longitudinal section through the ventral part of the anterior tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FDC1F933FDAA2E9B" bold="true" box="[570,585,1734,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Intestinal region with testes.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FC42F933FC332E9B" bold="true" box="[953,976,1734,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Proboscis in stomach region with 10 proboscis nerves (arrowheads).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FD9AF91CFD962F78" bold="true" box="[609,629,1769,1795]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Proboscis armature.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBEFFE3FC80F91CFC742F78" bold="true" box="[891,919,1769,1795]" pageId="28" pageNumber="160">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral nerve cord in intestinal region. Abbreviations: ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal-vessel; o = ovary; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; sb = stylet basis; t = testis; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FBCDACFFFBFFFE2FF46FD91FBEA2BBC" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFBFFFE2FF46FD91FECC2A05" blockId="29.[189,303,612,638]" box="[189,303,612,638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="8C513E28FFBFFFE2FF46FD91FECC2A05" bold="true" box="[189,303,612,638]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FF46FD91FECC2A05" bold="true" box="[189,303,612,638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7198944FFBFFFE2FF46FD66FBEA2BBC" blockId="29.[188,1399,658,967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FF46FD66FE3B2AD7" authority="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic, 2022" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,472,658,684]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sundbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FF46FD66FE3B2AD7" box="[189,472,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma sundbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEE1E82DFFBFFFE2FE12FD66FDAF2AD6" box="[489,588,659,685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is attributed to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FC49FD66FBAB2AD7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[946,1096,659,684]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FC49FD66FBAB2AD7" box="[946,1096,659,684]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the executed phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, this assignment is supported by morphological characteristics such as the presence of a vascular plug, small cerebral organs, and the amount of muscle layers.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FB24FD2FFED22B6D" authorityName="Sagorny & Döhren & Rouse & Tilic" authorityYear="2022" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sundbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FB24FD2FFED22B6D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma sundbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to a clade formed by the two other newly described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FB77FD08FAC22B6D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[1164,1313,765,790]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FB77FD08FAC22B6D" box="[1164,1313,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These three species are sister to three yet undescribed specimens from the Kuril Islands. Together, this clade is sister to the two former species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FD6FFCB6FBB02B26" authority="Chernyshev, 2004" authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="2004" box="[660,1107,834,861]" class="Hoplonemertea" genus="Quasitetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FD6FFCB6FC882B26" box="[660,875,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Quasitetrastemma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B337F4B5FFBFFFE2FC8CFCB7FBB02B26" author="Chernyshev A. V." box="[887,1107,834,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref19147" refString="Chernyshev A. V. 2004. Two new genera of nemertean worms of the family Tetrastemmatidae (Nemertea: Monostilifera). Zoosystematica Rossica 12 (2): 151 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Chernyshev, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FB98FCB6FE732BFB" authority="Chernyshev, 1992" authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="1992" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="stimpsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FB98FCB6FA952B27" box="[1123,1398,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma stimpsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Chernyshev, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FE33FC92FC932BFB" authority="(Coe, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[456,880,870,896]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FE33FC92FD392BFB" box="[456,730,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(Coe, 1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This clade is firmly nested within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FF46FC7FFEB02BD8" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[189,339,906,931]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FF46FC7FFEB02BD8" box="[189,339,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Tetrastemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F9D95C1FFBFFFE2FE9CFC7CFE512BD8" box="[359,434,905,931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[187,230,1818,1844]" captionTargetBox="[259,1337,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-12@16.[236,1349,266,1783]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for the monostiliferan supermatrix based on the concatenated four gene dataset (16S, COI, 18S, H3). Black circles indicate nodal support of 100/100/1.0; asterisks indicate nodal support of either 100/ or /1.0. Alternative branches found in the BI analysis are given as blue dotted lines. Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev, Abukawa & Kajihara, 2015 and Micrura callima Sundberg & Gibson, 1995 were used for outgroup rooting. Specimens belonging to new species are given in bold. Specimen-ID, sampling locality, and depth (for deep-sea species) are provided." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7258870/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The three species differ morphologically from the two closely related, former species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10A6F2C7FFBFFFE2FEC2FC58FDF32BBC" authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="2004" box="[313,528,941,967]" class="Hoplonemertea" genus="Quasitetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="29" pageNumber="161" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D25556FFBFFFE2FEC2FC58FDF32BBC" box="[313,528,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="161">Quasitetrastemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of lateral accessory nerves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |