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<document id="BE886CA99A7E354B1A0C2FFBE6A9CE7D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4645809" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4645809" ID-ZooBank="D87176BB-292D-4A7C-B106-EEC015A66561" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617040790132" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kondo, Takumasa &amp; Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana" docDate="2016" docId="3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0465.1-24.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2016 (465)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pseudischnaspis bowreyi" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="C82D5C326D0FED00FFD3CC66103FFFD9" masterDocTitle="Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698895481886" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="2F4918AE06E774B8A52210F39874B367">Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8C5A0D77E983683228937D88C2117086" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6038B08B92C562C64B84864C53A48F46">Kondo, Takumasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53C81B99FADE8AAF449FC10493A6F089">Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7B433C3B00BB241442D8F7CBBB45DE2C">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="33ABFBEC57930062A10812E7D2B199F5">
<mods:date id="CFFCFB79AA3223DDE6524B269F9782F2">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DEA3E2E979904407482333A9F6B0724A">2016-01-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6FA7818E59C52FCA59AD746881DA7F45">2016</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6456DB2CA41B46DF6070EB1BD4EECF11">465</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D7298CB0B98CDDA1932AAD46FC3DC1E6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4645809</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="44CA7BD2DAC2BA066E35357C8DA6DBAD" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4645929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4645929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="F4A7C6D76D06ED09FF13C8471289FBE0" box="[192,694,1057,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BC02955C6D06ED09FF13C8471289FBE0" blockId="9.[192,1440,1057,1402]" box="[192,694,1057,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="E74A22306D06ED09FF13C8471289FBE0" bold="true" box="[192,694,1057,1081]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="7BBDEEDF6D06ED09FF13C8471289FBE0" ID-CoL="4NNPB" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[192,694,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudischnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowreyi">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FF13C8471289FBE0" bold="true" box="[192,694,1057,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FF13C847122AFBE0" bold="true" box="[192,533,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Pseudischnaspis bowreyi</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A7C6D76D06ED09FF13C82711F8FB63" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BC02955C6D06ED09FF13C82711F8FB63" blockId="9.[192,1440,1057,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FF13C8271183FB80" bold="true" box="[192,444,1089,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Material studied.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0CD59F016D06ED09FE1BC8271577FBA3" collectingDate="2009-02-16" collectionCode="UVCO" collectorName="J. Munoz &amp; Papelillo'" country="Colombia" elevation="1223" latitude="4.666222" location="Finca La Esmeralda" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.80762" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FE1BC82713FBFB80" bold="true" box="[456,964,1089,1114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FE1BC827126CFB80" box="[456,595,1089,1113]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7E795BBE6D06ED09FDB5C824136FFB80" box="[614,848,1089,1114]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="7E795BBE6D06ED09FCB1C8271381FB80" box="[866,958,1089,1113]" country="Colombia" name="Alcala" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Alcalá</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="B962C3876D06ED09FC03C82414DFFB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3:B962C3876D06ED09FC03C82414DFFB83" box="[976,1248,1090,1114]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.666222" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.80762" name="Finca La Esmeralda" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Finca La Esmeralda</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D989F39B6D06ED09FB22C82415A5FB80" box="[1265,1434,1089,1114]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="58.4" value="4.666222">
04°39
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FAE8C824157FFB83" bold="true" box="[1339,1344,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
58.4
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FAA4C82415BEFB83" bold="true" box="[1399,1409,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D989F39B6D06ED09FF13C8071158FBA0" box="[192,359,1121,1146]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="27.4" value="-75.80762">
75°48
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FED5C8041134FBA3" bold="true" box="[262,267,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
27.4
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FEECC8041176FBA3" bold="true" box="[319,329,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7B4538B96D06ED09FEA1C80411F0FBA0" box="[370,463,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.223" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1223.0">
<elevation id="3790726F6D06ED09FEA1C80411F0FBA0" box="[370,463,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.223" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1223.0">1223 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C803B39C6D06ED09FE08C8041269FBA3" box="[475,598,1122,1146]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" value="2009-02-16">
<collectingDate id="D8474A746D06ED09FE08C8041269FBA3" box="[475,598,1122,1146]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" value="2009-02-16">16.ii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="1148F08A6D06ED09FD49C8041330FBA0" box="[666,783,1122,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">J. Muñoz</collectorName>
,
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FCC9C804130CFBA0" box="[794,819,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">ex</emphasis>
avocado cv.
<collectorName id="1148F08A6D06ED09FC03C804147CFBA3" box="[976,1091,1122,1146]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Papelillo</collectorName>
(Lorena), 1 (
<collectionCode id="DAAC0D996D06ED09FB39C804157FFBA3" box="[1258,1344,1122,1146]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x64r-58rj" name="Universidad de Valle" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">UVCO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD59F016D06ED09FA80C80411FCFB63" collectingDate="2009-02-09" collectionCode="UVCO" collectorName="J. Munoz &amp; Trinidad'" country="Colombia" elevation="1705" latitude="4.2955" location="Finca La Cabana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.844284" municipality="Caicedonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alcala">
<collectingMunicipality id="5C660F266D06ED09FA80C8041138FB43" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Caicedonia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B962C3876D06ED09FEC1C8E411D8FB43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3:B962C3876D06ED09FEC1C8E411D8FB43" box="[274,487,1154,1178]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.2955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.844284" municipality="Caicedonia" name="Finca La Cabana" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Alcala">Finca La Cabaña</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D989F39B6D06ED09FE21C8E412ABFB40" box="[498,660,1154,1178]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="43.8" value="4.2955">
04°17
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FDEBC8E41202FB43" bold="true" box="[568,573,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
43.8
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FDA2C8E41244FB43" bold="true" box="[625,635,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D989F39B6D06ED09FD4CC8E71379FB40" box="[671,838,1153,1178]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="39.4" value="-75.844284">
75°50
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FD36C8E412D5FB43" bold="true" box="[741,746,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
39.4
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FCCCC8E41316FB43" bold="true" box="[799,809,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8"></emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7B4538B96D06ED09FC82C8E71392FB40" box="[849,941,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1705.0">
<elevation id="3790726F6D06ED09FC82C8E71392FB40" box="[849,941,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1705.0">1705 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C803B39C6D06ED09FC6AC8E4140BFB43" box="[953,1076,1154,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" value="2009-02-09">
<collectingDate id="D8474A746D06ED09FC6AC8E4140BFB43" box="[953,1076,1154,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" value="2009-02-09">09.ii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="1148F08A6D06ED09FBABC8E414D4FB40" box="[1144,1259,1154,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">J. Muñoz</collectorName>
,
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FB25C8E41530FB40" box="[1270,1295,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">ex</emphasis>
avocado cv.
<collectorName id="1148F08A6D06ED09FF16C8C41105FB63" box="[197,314,1186,1210]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Trinidad</collectorName>
, 1 (
<collectionCode id="DAAC0D996D06ED09FEB7C8C41184FB63" box="[356,443,1186,1210]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x64r-58rj" name="Universidad de Valle" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">UVCO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A7C6D76D06ED09FF13C8A711F3FAE0" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BC02955C6D06ED09FF13C8A711F3FAE0" blockId="9.[192,1440,1057,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FF13C8A711C7FB00" bold="true" box="[192,504,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Distribution. Nearctic:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FE2DC8A41267FB03" box="[510,600,1218,1242]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FDB1C8A4129FFB03" box="[610,672,1218,1242]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FD79C8A7136AFB00" bold="true" box="[682,853,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Neotropical:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FC88C8A413E4FB03" box="[859,987,1218,1242]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FC35C8A41462FB03" box="[998,1117,1218,1242]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FBBBC8A41489FB03" box="[1128,1206,1218,1242]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FB12C8A41509FB03" box="[1217,1334,1218,1242]" name="Bermuda" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FA91C8A415A3FB03" box="[1346,1436,1218,1242]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FF13C884112FFB23" box="[192,272,1250,1274]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FEF3C88411A6FB23" box="[288,409,1250,1274]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FE7AC884120AFB23" box="[425,565,1250,1274]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FD95C88412B4FB23" box="[582,651,1250,1274]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FD48C88413A1FB23" box="[667,926,1250,1274]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FC7DC8841426FB23" box="[942,1049,1250,1274]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FBF9C8841487FB23" box="[1066,1208,1250,1274]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FB1BC8841533FB23" box="[1224,1292,1250,1274]" name="Haiti" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Haiti</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FACFC88415A4FB23" box="[1308,1435,1250,1274]" name="Honduras" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FF13C9641115FAC3" box="[192,298,1282,1306]" name="Jamaica" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FEEAC96411ACFAC3" box="[313,403,1282,1306]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FE72C964121AFAC3" box="[417,549,1282,1306]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FDE7C96412A2FAC0" box="[564,669,1282,1305]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FD7FC96412D5FAC0" box="[684,746,1282,1305]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FD2AC96413B0FAC3" box="[761,911,1282,1306]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FC4EC9641433FAC3" box="[925,1036,1282,1306]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FBC8C964152EFAC3" box="[1051,1297,1282,1306]" name="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">U.S. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4AAD5CC6D06ED09FAF3C964159FFAC3" box="[1312,1440,1282,1306]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D82CE8AD6D06ED09FF1BC9441180FAE0" author="Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; G. A. P. Gibson" box="[200,447,1313,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref17514" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., D. R. Miller, and G. A. P. Gibson. 2015. ScaleNet: a database of the scale insects of the world. (Available at ~ http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm /. Last accessed August 2015.)" type="url" year="2015">Ben-Dov et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A7C6D76D06ED09FF13C92415A6FAA3" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BC02955C6D06ED09FF13C92415A6FAA3" blockId="9.[192,1440,1057,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FF13C924117BFA80" bold="true" box="[192,324,1346,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species was found on the upper surface of leaves of the Lorena and Trinidad cultivars. It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="7BBDEEDF6D06ED09FEA4C9041239FAA3" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1941" box="[375,518,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudischnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acephala">
<emphasis id="8EC9494E6D06ED09FEA4C9041239FAA3" box="[375,518,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. acephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but it has a broader pygidium and a less pointed apex (
<bibRefCitation id="D82CE8AD6D06ED09FB60C90415B2FAA3" author="Evans, G. A. &amp; G. W. Watson &amp; D. R. Miller" box="[1203,1421,1378,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref17654" refString="Evans, G. A., G. W. Watson, and D. R. Miller. 2009. A new species of armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) found on avocado fruit from Mexico and a key to the species of armored scales found on avocado worldwide. Zootaxa 1991: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Evans et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>