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<mods:title id="74DC41F663159F75558096FA301E4E18">Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5D6EBCBA8AE4229C4F8F2179E21531B">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 6 BB 3 D 65 - 7166 - 4 A 2 A-AF 2 B- 7 F 13 EE 94 F 485 &amp; Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AF2A953134FAB85FDCFF35A04C822950">Imešek, Mirna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88B52F67D022D6092D1DE117ED8F49AE">Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 5461 D 38 C-E 1 B 5 - 48 B 1 - A 41 B- 0134 F 337 A 143 &amp; Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DECFFC83D691C67B3DD19D6D8AA20FF1">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. &amp; E-mail: nandaporifera @ gmail. com &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DC 0 BE 6 B 4 - F 24 F- 4765 - BA 2 B-ED 17 D 774 B 2 B 7</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FD88FA03085931D4" bold="true" box="[597,870,1480,1507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
(
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<figureCitation id="24942C9DDD37B212FD37FA20080E3231" box="[746,817,1515,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[227,270,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,907,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1436,907,1899]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Clathrina primordialis (IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863). A. Specimen in situ. B. Tangential section. C. Triactines with variable sizes and shapes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="F12D05A3DD37B212FCE3FA2008AA3231" box="[830,917,1515,1542]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="19.[227,296,305,331]" captionText="Table 7. Spicule (triactine) measurements of Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872). IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863 (present work); PMJ 154 (suggested lectotype); PMR-14305 (C. cf. hondurensis in Imešek et al. 2014); BMNH 1938.3.28.4 (holotype of C. hondurensis)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 7</tableCitation>
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? 
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF2DF9E60A903270" box="[240,431,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Grantia pulchra</emphasis>
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? 
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF2DF99B0AD0325D" box="[240,495,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Leucosolenia pulchra</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF9BF0AD632BA" box="[227,489,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosycum primordiale</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF95D0A913287" box="[227,430,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Olynthus simplex</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF9720AA132E4" box="[227,414,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nardoa arabica</emphasis>
Miklucho 
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF9160AED32C0" box="[227,466,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascetta primordialis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF8CB09F5332D" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,714,1792,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF3EF8CB09F9332D" author="Haeckel E." box="[227,710,1792,1818]" page="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF3EF8CB09F9332D" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 16" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1872" box="[227,710,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Olynthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF8CB0AD9332D" box="[227,486,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Olynthus primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FE30F8CB09F9332D" author="Haeckel E." box="[493,710,1792,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF8E809C4330A" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,763,1827,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD37B212FF3EF8E809C4330A" box="[227,763,1827,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF3EF8E809C8330A" author="Haeckel E." box="[227,759,1827,1853]" page="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF3EF8E809C8330A" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 16" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1872" box="[227,759,1827,1853]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Clistolynthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF8E80928330A" box="[227,535,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clistolynthus primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FDC3F8E809C8330A" author="Haeckel E." box="[542,759,1827,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF88D09E33357" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,732,1862,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD37B212FF3EF88D09E33357" box="[227,732,1862,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF3EF88D09E73357" author="Haeckel E." box="[227,728,1862,1888]" page="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF3EF88D09E73357" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 16" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1872" box="[227,728,1862,1888]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Soleniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF88D0AC73357" box="[227,504,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Soleniscus primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FE22F88D09E73357" author="Haeckel E." box="[511,728,1862,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF8A109E133B4" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,734,1897,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD37B212FF3EF8A109E133B4" box="[227,734,1897,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF3EF8A109E633B4" author="Haeckel E." box="[227,729,1897,1924]" page="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF3EF8A109E633B4" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 16" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1872" box="[227,729,1897,1924]" class="Cestoda" family="Paruterinidae" genus="Ascometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF3EF8A10AC533B4" box="[227,506,1897,1924]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascometra primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FDDDF8A209E633B4" author="Haeckel E." box="[512,729,1897,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF84609F53390" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,714,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD37B212FF3EF84609F53390" box="[227,714,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
? 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF2DF84609F93390" author="Haeckel E." box="[240,710,1932,1959]" page="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF2DF84609F93390" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 17" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1872" box="[240,710,1932,1959]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF2DF8460AD93390" box="[240,486,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascaltis primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FE30F84709F93390" author="Haeckel E." box="[493,710,1932,1959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 17</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD37B212FF3EF87B09F133FD" blockId="17.[227,794,1580,1994]" box="[227,718,1968,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD37B212FF3EF87B09F133FD" box="[227,718,1968,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
? 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD37B212FF2DF87B09F633FD" author="Haeckel E." box="[240,713,1968,1994]" page="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD37B212FF2DF87B09F633FD" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 17" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1872" box="[240,713,1968,1994]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascortis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD37B212FF2DF87B0AD633FD" box="[240,489,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascortis primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD37B212FE2DF87B09F633FD" author="Haeckel E." box="[496,713,1968,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 17</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFEFA09E1357C" blockId="18.[227,826,305,438]" box="[227,734,305,331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFEFA09E1357C" box="[227,734,305,331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
? 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FF2DFEFA09E6357C" author="Haeckel E." box="[240,729,305,331]" page="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF2DFEFA09E6357C" authority="Haeckel, 1872: 18" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1872" box="[240,729,305,331]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF2DFEFA0AC5357C" box="[240,506,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascandra primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FDDCFEFA09E6357C" author="Haeckel E." box="[513,729,305,331]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 18</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFE9E09D43559" blockId="18.[227,826,305,438]" box="[227,747,340,367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFE9E09D43559" box="[227,747,340,367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FF3EFE9E09D73559" author="Lendenfeld R. von" box="[227,744,340,367]" page="897" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1885">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF3EFE9E09D73559" ID-CoL="5VS8N" authority="Lendenfeld, 1885: 897" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityPageNumber="897" authorityYear="1885" box="[227,744,340,367]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFE9E0AED3559" box="[227,466,340,367]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascetta primordialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE04FE9F09D73559" author="Lendenfeld R. von" box="[473,744,340,367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="896 - 907" refId="ref22727" refString="Lendenfeld R. von 1885. The Homocoela of Australia and the new family Homodermidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 896 - 907. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 82331 #" type="journal article" year="1885">Lendenfeld, 1885: 897</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFEB3082635A5" blockId="18.[227,826,305,438]" box="[227,793,375,402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFEB3082635A5" box="[227,793,375,402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FF3EFEB3082B35A5" author="Brondsted H. V." box="[227,788,375,402]" page="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF3EFEB3082B35A5" authority="Brondsted, 1931: 9" authorityName="Brondsted" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1931" box="[227,788,375,402]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="primordialis" variety="apicalis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFEB30AAB35A5" box="[227,404,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. primordialis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FE10FEB3091535A5" box="[461,554,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">apicalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FDECFEBC082B35A5" author="Brondsted H. V." box="[561,788,375,402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref21300" refString="Brondsted H. V. 1931. Die Kalkschwamme. Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition 1901 - 03 20: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1931">Brøndsted, 1931: 9</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFE5008053581" blockId="18.[227,826,305,438]" box="[227,826,411,438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFE5008053581" box="[227,826,411,438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF3EFE50092F3582" ID-CoL="5Z9PM" box="[227,528,411,437]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFE500A6A3582" box="[227,341,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clathrina</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FE5FFE50092F3582" box="[386,528,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FDF0FE5008083581" author="Imesek M. &amp; Plese B. &amp; Pfannkuchen M. &amp; Godrijan J. &amp; Pfannkuchen D. M. &amp; Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H." box="[557,823,411,438]" page="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FDF0FE5008083581" author="Imesek M. &amp; Plese B. &amp; Pfannkuchen M. &amp; Godrijan J. &amp; Pfannkuchen D. M. &amp; Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H." box="[557,823,411,438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="21 - 29" refId="ref22165" refString="Imesek M., Plese B., Pfannkuchen M., Godrijan J., Pfannkuchen D. M., Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H. 2014. Integrative taxonomy of four Clathrina species of the Adriatic Sea, with the first formal description of Clathrina rubra Sara, 1958. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 14 (1): 21 - 29. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0156 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">
Imesek 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FD54FE5709FB3582" box="[649,708,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 25
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFE1608D335C1" blockId="18.[227,1436,476,679]" box="[227,1004,476,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFE1608D335C1" box="[227,1004,476,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFE160AED35C1" box="[227,466,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascetta primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE32FE1709DA35C1" author="Lendenfeld R. von" box="[495,741,476,502]" page="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE32FE1709DA35C1" author="Lendenfeld R. von" box="[495,741,476,502]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref22771" refString="Lendenfeld R. von 1891. Die Spongien der Adria. I. Die Kalkschwamme. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1891">Lendenfeld 1891: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FCC9FE1708D735C1" author="Arnesen E." box="[788,1000,476,502]" page="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FCC9FE1708D735C1" author="Arnesen E." box="[788,1000,476,502]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref20568" refString="Arnesen E. 1901. Spongier fra den norske kyst. I. Calcarea. Systematisk katalog med bemerkninger og bestemmelsestabell. Bergen Museums Xrbok 1900: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1901">Arnesen 1901: 12</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFE340F0C360A" blockId="18.[227,1436,476,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFE340F0C360A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF3EFE340AD1362E" ID-CoL="VSVX" authorityName="* Adriatic Sea" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[227,494,511,537]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFE340AD1362E" box="[227,494,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FDD6FDCB09EA362D" author="Carter H. J." box="[523,725,511,538]" page="510" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FDD6FDCB09EA362D" author="Carter H. J." box="[523,725,511,538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="502 - 516" refId="ref21418" refString="Carter H. J. 1886. Descriptions of the sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Philip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 (18): 502 - 516." type="journal article" year="1886">Carter 1886: 510</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FCD6FE3408D0362D" author="Minchin E. A." box="[779,1007,511,538]" page="359" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FCD6FE3408D0362D" author="Minchin E. A." box="[779,1007,511,538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="349 - 362" refId="ref23031" refString="Minchin E. A. 1896. Suggestions for a natural classification of the Asconidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18: 349 - 362." type="journal article" year="1896">Minchin 1896: 359</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FBC3FE340FD3362E" author="Jenkin C. F." box="[1054,1260,511,538]" page="436" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FBC3FE340FD3362E" author="Jenkin C. F." box="[1054,1260,511,538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="434 - 456" refId="ref22251" refString="Jenkin C. F. 1908. The marine fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M. A., in the years 1901 and 1902. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 434 - 456. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 99643 #" type="book chapter" year="1908">Jenkin 1908: 436</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FAC6FDCB0A2D360A" author="Row R. W. H." page="184" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FAC6FDCB0A2D360A" author="Row R. W. H." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref23541" refString="Row R. W. H. 1909. Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIX. Report on the Sponges collected by Mr Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 05. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 31: 182 - 214. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 98662 #" type="journal article" year="1909">Row 1909: 184</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE9FFDE9099A360A" author="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C." box="[322,677,546,573]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5484CD403C37CFF6BF99EFDECF90C" page="32" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE9FFDE9099A360A" author="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C." box="[322,677,546,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref22431" refString="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 1 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine 2003: 32</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FD08FDE80F0F360A" author="Longo C. &amp; Pronzato R." box="[725,1072,547,573]" page="229" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FD08FDE80F0F360A" author="Longo C. &amp; Pronzato R." box="[725,1072,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="117 - 244" refId="ref22901" refString="Longo C. &amp; Pronzato R. 2011. Class Calcarea. In: Pansini M., Manconi R. &amp; Pronzato R. (eds) Fauna d'Italia - Porifera I - Calcarea, Demospongiae (partim), Hexactinellida, Homoscleromorpha: 117 - 244. Calderini, Bologna." type="book chapter" year="2011">Longo &amp; Pronzato 2011: 229</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFD8D0E7F3691" blockId="18.[227,1436,476,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFD8D0E7F3691" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FF3EFD8D09253657" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[227,538,582,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFD8D09253657" box="[227,538,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Leucosolenia primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Lackschewitsch 1886: 299. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FC74FD8D0FAB3657" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[937,1172,582,608]" page="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FC74FD8D0FAB3657" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[937,1172,582,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref21115" refString="Breitfuss L. L. 1898 a. Kalkschwammfauna des Weissen Meeres und der Eismeerkusten des europaischen Russlands. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 6 (2): 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1898">Breitfuss 1898a: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FB7CFD8D0E243657" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[1185,1307,582,608]" page="91" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FB7CFD8D0E243657" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[1185,1307,582,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref21153" refString="Breitfuss L. L. 1898 b. Kalkschwammfauna der Westkuste Portugals. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 89 - 102." type="journal article" year="1898">1898b: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FA93FD8D0A8436B4" author="Dendy A. &amp; Row H." page="726" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FA93FD8D0A8436B4" author="Dendy A. &amp; Row H." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref21646" refString="Dendy A. &amp; Row H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 704 - 813. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy &amp; Row 1913: 726</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE37FDA1081336B4" author="Ferrer Hernandez F." box="[490,812,617,644]" page="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE37FDA1081336B4" author="Ferrer Hernandez F." box="[490,812,617,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref21780" refString="Ferrer Hernandez F. 1918. Esponjas del litoral de Asturias. Trabajos del Museo nacional de ciencias de Madri (Zoologica) 36: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1918">Ferrer Hernández 1918: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FC81FDA10F2036B4" author="Burton M." box="[860,1055,617,644]" page="71" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FC81FDA10F2036B4" author="Burton M." box="[860,1055,617,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="71 - 83" refId="ref21322" refString="Burton M. 1926. Report on the sponges. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 22: 71 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00322. x" type="journal article" year="1926">Burton 1926: 71</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FBF0FDA20F9936B4" author="Burton M." box="[1069,1190,617,643]" page="197" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FBF0FDA20F9936B4" author="Burton M." box="[1069,1190,617,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref21398" refString="Burton M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. British Museum, London." type="book" year="1963">1963: 197</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FB0AFDA10A623691" author="Row R. W. H. &amp; Hozawa S." page="736" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FB0AFDA10A623691" author="Row R. W. H. &amp; Hozawa S." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="727 - 809" refId="ref23605" refString="Row R. W. H. &amp; Hozawa S. 1931. Report on the Calcarea obtained by the Hamburg South-West Australian Expedition of 1905. Science Reports of the Tohoku University 6: 727 - 809." type="journal article" year="1931">Row &amp; Hôzawa 1931: 736</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE58FD47094F3691" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[389,624,652,678]" page="242" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE58FD47094F3691" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[389,624,652,678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="235 - 252" refId="ref21226" refString="Breitfuss L. L. 1932. Die Kalkschwammfauna des arktischen Gebietes. Fauna Arctica 6: 235 - 252." type="journal article" year="1932">Breitfuss 1932: 242</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FDA1FD4709D93691" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[636,742,652,679]" page="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FDA1FD4709D93691" author="Breitfuss L. L." box="[636,742,652,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref21247" refString="Breitfuss L. L. 1935. La spugne calcarea dell'Adriatico con riflesso a tutto i 1 Mediterraneo. Memorie Reale Comitato Talassographico Italiano 2223: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1935">1935: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FCC8FD4708F33690" author="Arndt" box="[789,972,652,679]" page="45" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FCC8FD4708F33690" author="Arndt" box="[789,972,652,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref20537" refString="Arndt W. 1941. Eine neuere Ausbeute von Meeresschwammen der West- und Sudkuste Portugals. Memorias do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra 116: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1941">Arndt 1941: 45</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FC26FD470F893691" author="Tanita S." box="[1019,1206,652,678]" page="73" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FC26FD470F893691" author="Tanita S." box="[1019,1206,652,678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="71 - 93" refId="ref23992" refString="Tanita S. 1942. Key to all the described species of the genus Leucosolenia and their distribution. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 17: 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1942">Tanita 1942: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FB1FFD470E033691" author="Tanita S." box="[1218,1340,652,678]" page="370" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FB1FFD470E033691" author="Tanita S." box="[1218,1340,652,678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="353 - 490" refId="ref24024" refString="Tanita S. 1943. Studies on the Calcarea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 17 (4): 353 - 490." type="journal article" year="1943">1943: 370</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EFD050F26373C" blockId="18.[227,1436,717,780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9CBF1736DD34B211FF3EFD050F26373C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EFD050AF436DF" box="[227,459,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
non 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FECBFD050AF436DF" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[278,459,718,744]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">C. primordialis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE35FD0509E136DF" author="Borojevic R." box="[488,734,717,744]" page="527" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE35FD0509E136DF" author="Borojevic R." box="[488,734,717,744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="525 - 530" refId="ref20829" refString="Borojevic R. 1971. Eponges calcaires des cotes du Sud-Est du Bresil, epibiontes sur Laminaria brasiliensis et Sargassum cymosum. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 31: 525 - 530." type="journal article" year="1971">Borojević 1971: 527</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FCD3FD050FAD36DF" author="Borojevic R. &amp; Peixinho S." box="[782,1170,717,744]" page="992" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FCD3FD050FAD36DF" author="Borojevic R. &amp; Peixinho S." box="[782,1170,717,744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="987 - 1036" refId="ref20861" refString="Borojevic R. &amp; Peixinho S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 3 (402): 987 - 1036." type="journal article" year="1976">Borojević &amp; Peixinho 1976: 992</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — Mothes de Moraes 1985: 228. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FE51FD3A0992373C" author="Klautau M. &amp; Sole-Cava A. M. &amp; Borojevic R." box="[396,685,753,779]" page="372" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FE51FD3A0992373C" author="Klautau M. &amp; Sole-Cava A. M. &amp; Borojevic R." box="[396,685,753,779]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="367 - 375" refId="ref22481" refString="Klautau M., Sole-Cava A. M. &amp; Borojevic R. 1994. Biochemical systematics of sibling sympatric species of Clathrina (Porifera: Calcarea). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22: 367 - 375. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 1978 (94) 90027 - 2" type="journal article" year="1994">
Klautau 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FE2DFD390914373C" box="[496,555,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
1994: 372
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="3D0E1609DD34B211FD01FD3A0F2A373C" author="Muricy G. &amp; Silva O. C." box="[732,1045,753,779]" page="160" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD34B211FD01FD3A0F2A373C" author="Muricy G. &amp; Silva O. C." box="[732,1045,753,779]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="155 - 178" refId="ref23241" refString="Muricy G. &amp; Silva O. C. 1999. Esponjas marinhas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: um recurso renovavel inexplorado. In: Silva S. H. G &amp; Lavrado H. P. (eds) Ecologia dos Ambientes Costeiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Serie Oecologia Brasiliensis 7: 155 - 178." type="journal article" year="1999">Muricy &amp; Silva 1999: 160</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E8D06090DD34B211FF3EF850087233EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832973/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[227,270,1947,1973]" targetBox="[227,1436,907,1898]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD34B211FF3EF850087233EE" blockId="18.[227,1436,1947,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FF3EF8500A0A3381" bold="true" box="[227,309,1947,1974]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD34B211FE9CF850096E3382" authorityName="* Adriatic Sea" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[321,593,1947,1973]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FE9CF850096E3382" box="[321,593,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863). 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FC2FF8500F383382" bold="true" box="[1010,1031,1947,1973]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. Specimen 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FB47F8570FD83382" box="[1178,1255,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in situ</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FB26F8570E303381" bold="true" box="[1275,1295,1948,1974]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
. Tangential section. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD34B211FE98F8750A6533EF" bold="true" box="[325,346,1982,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
. Triactines with variable sizes and shapes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E8D06090DD35B210FF3EFEFA0F1F35A5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFEFA0F1F35A5" blockId="19.[227,1437,305,402]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFEFA0A76357C" bold="true" box="[227,329,305,331]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Table 7.</emphasis>
Spicule (triactine) measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FCD2FEFA0FD0357C" authority="(Haeckel, 1872)" authorityName="* Adriatic Sea" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[783,1263,305,331]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FCD2FEFA0F20357C" box="[783,1055,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FBEFFEFA0FDA357C" author="Haeckel E." box="[1074,1253,305,331]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863 (present work); PMJ 154 (suggested lectotype); PMR-14305 (
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FB43FE9E0AFE35A5" authority="in Imesek et al. 2014" authorityName="in Imesek" authorityYear="2014" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FB43FE9E0F863558" box="[1182,1209,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FB31FE9F0E453559" box="[1260,1402,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">hondurensis</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FF3EFEBC0AFE35A5" author="Imesek M. &amp; Plese B. &amp; Pfannkuchen M. &amp; Godrijan J. &amp; Pfannkuchen D. M. &amp; Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H." box="[227,449,375,402]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="21 - 29" refId="ref22165" refString="Imesek M., Plese B., Pfannkuchen M., Godrijan J., Pfannkuchen D. M., Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H. 2014. Integrative taxonomy of four Clathrina species of the Adriatic Sea, with the first formal description of Clathrina rubra Sara, 1958. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 14 (1): 21 - 29. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0156 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">
Imešek 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FEE2FEB30A4535A5" box="[319,378,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); BMNH 1938.3.28.4 (holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FC83FEB30F3135A5" box="[862,1038,376,402]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FC83FEB30F3135A5" box="[862,1038,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FD10FE7A0E423698" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<table id="CEAFC2B8DD354DFCFF2CFE7B0E423687" box="[241,1405,432,688]" colsContinueFrom="17.[241,1409,395,570]" gridcols="10" gridrows="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFE7B0E4235FC" box="[241,1405,432,459]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FE7B085735FC" box="[717,872,432,459]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FD10FE7A085F35FD" bold="true" box="[717,864,432,459]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FE7B0FF335FC" box="[1071,1228,432,459]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FBF2FE7B0F8335FD" bold="true" box="[1071,1212,432,458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFE120E4235C4" box="[241,1405,473,499]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FE12098535C4" box="[632,698,473,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">min</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FE12082A35C4" box="[717,789,473,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">mean</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FE12085735C4" box="[821,872,473,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sd</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FE1208F535C4" box="[904,970,473,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">max</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FE120F2235C4" box="[1002,1053,473,499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">min</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FE120F4035C4" box="[1071,1151,473,499]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">mean</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFE120FF335C4" box="[1191,1228,473,499]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sd</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FE120E1135C4" box="[1274,1326,473,499]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">max</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFE120E4235C4" box="[1376,1405,473,499]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFE350E42362E" box="[241,1405,510,537]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFF2CFE35096C362E" box="[241,595,510,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863</th>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FE350985362E" box="[632,698,510,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">47.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FE35082A362E" box="[717,789,510,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">121.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FE350857362E" box="[821,872,510,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">27.9</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FE3508F5362E" box="[904,970,510,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">157.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FE350F22362E" box="[1002,1053,510,537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FE350F40362E" box="[1071,1151,510,537]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12.2</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFE350FF3362E" box="[1191,1228,510,537]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2.4</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FE350E11362E" box="[1274,1326,510,537]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">15.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFE350E42362E" box="[1376,1405,510,537]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFDEF0E423608" box="[241,1405,548,575]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFF2CFDEF096C3608" box="[241,595,548,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FF2CFDEF0AA43609" author="Haeckel E." box="[241,411,548,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FDEF09853608" box="[632,698,548,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">100.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FDEF082A3608" box="[717,789,548,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FDEF08573608" box="[821,872,548,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FDEF08F53608" box="[904,970,548,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">150.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FDEF0F223608" box="[1002,1053,548,575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">8.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FDEF0F403608" box="[1071,1151,548,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFDEF0FF33608" box="[1191,1228,548,575]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FDEF0E113608" box="[1274,1326,548,575]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFDEF0E423608" box="[1376,1405,548,575]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFD820E423652" box="[241,1405,585,613]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFF2CFD82096C3652" box="[241,595,585,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PMJ154 (lectotype)</th>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FD8209853652" box="[632,698,585,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">97.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FD82082A3652" box="[717,789,585,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">134.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FD8208573652" box="[821,872,585,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">16.3</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FD8208F53652" box="[904,970,585,613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">157.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FD820F223652" box="[1002,1053,585,613]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">10.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FD820F403652" box="[1071,1151,585,613]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">13.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFD820FF33652" box="[1191,1228,585,613]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2.2</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FD820E113652" box="[1274,1326,585,613]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">17.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFD820E423652" box="[1376,1405,585,613]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFDA40E4236BD" box="[241,1405,623,650]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFF2CFDA4096C36BD" box="[241,595,623,650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PMR-14305</th>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FDA4098536BD" box="[632,698,623,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">101.8</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FDA4082A36BD" box="[717,789,623,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">128.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FDA4085736BD" box="[821,872,623,650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">9.6</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FDA408F536BD" box="[904,970,623,650]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">151.5</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FDA40F2236BD" box="[1002,1053,623,650]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">13.3</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FDA40F4036BD" box="[1071,1151,623,650]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">15.2</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFDA40FF336BD" box="[1191,1228,623,650]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1.3</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FDA40E1136BD" box="[1274,1326,623,650]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">19.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFDA40E4236BD" box="[1376,1405,623,650]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="029F325ADD354DFCFF2CFD5E0E423687" box="[241,1405,661,688]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<th id="414E5B26DD354DFCFF2CFD5E096C3687" box="[241,595,661,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH 1938.3.28.4</th>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFDA5FD5E09853687" box="[632,698,661,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">105.6</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFD10FD5E082A3687" box="[717,789,661,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">133.4</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFCE8FD5E08573687" box="[821,872,661,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">17.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC55FD5E08F53687" box="[904,970,661,688]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">156.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFC37FD5E0F223687" box="[1002,1053,661,688]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12.0</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFBF2FD5E0F403687" box="[1071,1151,661,688]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">15.6</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB7AFD5E0FF33687" box="[1191,1228,661,688]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1.7</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFB27FD5E0E113687" box="[1274,1326,661,688]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">19.2</td>
<td id="414E5B26DD354DFCFABDFD5E0E423687" box="[1376,1405,661,688]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">20</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F4B56393DD35B210FF3EFD1309133068" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFD130AEF36C5" blockId="19.[227,464,728,754]" box="[227,464,728,754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="E7588774DD35B210FF3EFD130AEF36C5" bold="true" box="[227,464,728,754]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFD130AEF36C5" bold="true" box="[227,464,728,754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FECDFCCD0A4A3717" blockId="19.[227,1436,774,872]" box="[272,373,774,800]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FECDFCCD0A4A3717" bold="true" box="[272,373,774,800]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD35B210FECDFCCD0A4A3717" box="[272,373,774,800]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFCE10A74375F" blockId="19.[227,1436,774,872]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ADRIATIC SEA: Lesina (Croatian: Island of Hvar), E. Haeckel collection (PMJ-Inv. Nr. Porif. 154, in ethanol).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FECDFC450AF3379F" blockId="19.[227,1436,910,1008]" box="[272,460,910,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FECDFC450AF3379F" bold="true" box="[272,460,910,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFC7908CC37D8" blockId="19.[227,1436,910,1008]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
ADRIATIC SEA: near the Island of Čiovo, 
<collectingCountry id="C4B87088DD35B210FD3EFC7A080337FC" box="[739,828,945,971]" name="Croatia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D99B56DFDD35B210FC95FC7A08CD37FB" box="[840,1010,945,972]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="58.5" value="43.482918">43°28'58.5&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D99B56DFDD35B210FC20FC7A0F9B37FB" box="[1021,1188,945,972]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" seconds="25.6" value="16.357111">16°21'25.6&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="7B579DFDDD35B210FB6CFC7A0FE037FB" box="[1201,1247,945,972]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, collected by B. Pleše and 
<collectionCode id="DABEA8DDDD35B210FE84FC1E0A5137D8" box="[345,366,981,1007]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Nikolić, 
<date id="C81116D8DD35B210FE3DFC1E094F37D8" box="[480,624,981,1008]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2010-11-05">5 Nov. 2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DABEA8DDDD35B210FDA2FC1E09C837D8" box="[639,759,981,1007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">IRB-CLB</collectionCode>
3 = UFRJPOR 6863).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFBDD0A043007" blockId="19.[227,315,1046,1072]" box="[227,315,1046,1072]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="E7588774DD35B210FF3EFBDD0A043007" bold="true" box="[227,315,1046,1072]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFBDD0A043007" bold="true" box="[227,315,1046,1072]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colour</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFB8E09133068" blockId="19.[227,556,1093,1119]" box="[227,556,1093,1119]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">White in life and in ethanol.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4B56393DD35B210FF3EFB4D08AD319E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFB4D0A4B3097" blockId="19.[227,372,1158,1184]" box="[227,372,1158,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="E7588774DD35B210FF3EFB4D0A4B3097" bold="true" box="[227,372,1158,1184]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFB4D0A4B3097" bold="true" box="[227,372,1158,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFB7E08123122" blockId="19.[227,1444,1205,1302]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Cormus is formed by large and loosely anastomosed tubes. Water-collecting tubes are absent (
<figureCitation id="24942C9DDD35B210FAEDFB7E0EAF30F8" box="[1328,1424,1205,1231]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[227,270,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,907,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1436,907,1899]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Clathrina primordialis (IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863). A. Specimen in situ. B. Tangential section. C. Triactines with variable sizes and shapes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832973/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The skeleton is composed of one category of triactines (
<figureCitation id="24942C9DDD35B210FCBAFB1308FC30C5" box="[871,963,1240,1266]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[227,270,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,907,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1436,907,1899]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Clathrina primordialis (IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863). A. Specimen in situ. B. Tangential section. C. Triactines with variable sizes and shapes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832973/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). The size of the spicules is very variable and it is therefore not possible to categorize them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFAF70A843160" blockId="19.[227,443,1340,1367]" box="[227,443,1340,1367]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFAF70A753161" bold="true" box="[227,330,1340,1366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="F12D05A3DD35B210FE84FAF70A8D3160" box="[345,434,1340,1367]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="19.[227,296,305,331]" captionText="Table 7. Spicule (triactine) measurements of Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872). IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863 (present work); PMJ 154 (suggested lectotype); PMR-14305 (C. cf. hondurensis in Imešek et al. 2014); BMNH 1938.3.28.4 (holotype of C. hondurensis)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Table 7</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFAA708AD319E" blockId="19.[227,1436,1387,1449]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
TRIACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical to slightly conical with sharp tips (
<figureCitation id="24942C9DDD35B210FF36FA450A77319F" box="[235,328,1422,1448]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[227,270,1947,1973]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,907,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1436,907,1899]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Clathrina primordialis (IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863). A. Specimen in situ. B. Tangential section. C. Triactines with variable sizes and shapes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832973/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Their size is very variable. Size: 121.5/ 
<quantity id="7B579DFDDD35B210FCF5FA4508B1319E" box="[808,910,1422,1449]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4B56393DD35B210FF3EFA1B0F03322F" box="[227,1084,1488,1561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFA1B0A7931DD" blockId="19.[227,326,1488,1514]" box="[227,326,1488,1514]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="E7588774DD35B210FF3EFA1B0A7931DD" bold="true" box="[227,326,1488,1514]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EFA1B0A7931DD" bold="true" box="[227,326,1488,1514]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EFA350F03322F" blockId="19.[227,1084,1534,1561]" box="[227,1084,1534,1561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The specimen was collected on a shaded, vertical hard limestone bottom.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4B56393DD35B217FF3EF98B0F3C36F2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EF98B0A6A326D" blockId="19.[227,341,1600,1626]" box="[227,341,1600,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="E7588774DD35B210FF3EF98B0A6A326D" bold="true" box="[227,341,1600,1626]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EF98B0A6A326D" bold="true" box="[227,341,1600,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EF9A50E5A330F" blockId="19.[227,1436,1646,1849]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FF3EF9A50AA832BF" author="Haeckel E." box="[227,407,1646,1672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel (1872)</bibRefCitation>
assigned the name 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FDA7F9A4085632BF" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[634,873,1646,1673]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FDA7F9A4085632BF" box="[634,873,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ascetta primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a group of different species, and even genera, whose skeleton comprised only triactines, but, unfortunately, did not select a 
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD35B210FBBEF95A0FF1329C" box="[1123,1230,1681,1707]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. In 2003, Klautau &amp; Valentine revised the genus 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FD93F97E09FF32F8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[590,704,1717,1743]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FD93F97E09FF32F8" box="[590,704,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and analysed two specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FB9DF97E0FC932F8" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[1088,1270,1717,1743]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FB9DF97E0FC932F8" box="[1088,1270,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one from the Adriatic Sea (PMJ 154) and another one from Naples (ZMB 1306). Both specimens clearly represented different species and the authors suggested the specimen ZMB 1306 was the true 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FB5FF9370E0C3322" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[1154,1331,1787,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FB5FF9370E0C3322" box="[1154,1331,1787,1814]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FF3EF8D40AA8330F" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[227,407,1822,1849]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FF3EF8D40AA8330F" box="[227,407,1822,1849]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(originally 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FDFCF8D408E5330F" authority="Haeckel, 1870" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[545,986,1822,1848]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Prosycum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordiale">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FDFCF8D40817330F" box="[545,808,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Prosycum primordiale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FCF2F8D508E5330F" author="Haeckel E." box="[815,986,1822,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="236 - 254" refId="ref21921" refString="Haeckel E. 1870. Prodromus eines Systems der Kalkschwamme. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 5: 236 - 254." type="journal article" year="1870">Haeckel, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) was first described from Naples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD35B210FF3EF8AB0EA33C30" blockId="19.[227,1436,1887,2055]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
However, analysing the present specimen and re-analysing the slides of the specimens PMJ 154 and ZMB 1306 and the catalogue from the ZMB, we now have a different opinion. On the specimen’s label and in the catalogue of the ZMB it is not noted that ZMB 1306 is a 
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD35B210FB84F86C0F8B33F6" box="[1113,1204,1959,1985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FB02F86C0EAA33F7" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[1247,1429,1958,1985]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FB02F86C0EAA33F7" box="[1247,1429,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, 
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD35B210FE4EF80209DF33D4" author="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C." box="[403,736,1993,2019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref22431" refString="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 1 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine (2003)</bibRefCitation>
should not have designated the specimen ZMB 1306 as a 
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD35B210FF3EF8270A703C31" box="[227,335,2028,2054]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD35B210FEA6F826090D3C31" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[379,562,2028,2055]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD35B210FEA6F826090D3C31" box="[379,562,2028,2055]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, the label of the specimen PMJ 154 mentions it is a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD32B217FF3EFEF90FDA3558" blockId="20.[227,1437,305,367]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD32B217FF3EFEF90A01357B" box="[227,318,306,332]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FEB7FEF9091E357C" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[362,545,305,332]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FEB7FEF9091E357C" box="[362,545,305,332]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, in our opinion, the specimen PMJ 154 is more reliably a true representative of this species and should be considered the 
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD32B217FC45FE9F0F3B3559" box="[920,1028,340,366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FBF6FE9E0FE03559" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[1067,1247,340,367]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FBF6FE9E0FE03559" box="[1067,1247,340,367]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD32B217FF3EFE5D0EB33657" blockId="20.[227,1436,406,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Considering the morphology of PMJ 154, the specimen IRB-CLB3 = UFRJPOR 6863 represents 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FF3EFE720AA835E4" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[227,407,441,467]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FF3EFE720AA835E4" box="[227,407,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the specimen PMR 14305, recently published as 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FBBCFE720A8235C1" authority="Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="2003" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FBBCFE720F4335E4" box="[1121,1148,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FB74FE720E0835E4" box="[1193,1335,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">hondurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD32B217FAE2FE720A8235C1" author="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref22431" refString="Klautau M. &amp; Valentine C. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 1 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau &amp; Valentine, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD32B217FE13FE17098B35C1" author="Imesek M. &amp; Plese B. &amp; Pfannkuchen M. &amp; Godrijan J. &amp; Pfannkuchen D. M. &amp; Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H." box="[462,692,476,502]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="21 - 29" refId="ref22165" refString="Imesek M., Plese B., Pfannkuchen M., Godrijan J., Pfannkuchen D. M., Klautau M. &amp; Cetkovic H. 2014. Integrative taxonomy of four Clathrina species of the Adriatic Sea, with the first formal description of Clathrina rubra Sara, 1958. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 14 (1): 21 - 29. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0156 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">
Imešek 
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FDF3FE16095435C1" box="[558,619,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The similarities between 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FC2AFE160F9235C1" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[1015,1197,476,503]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FC2AFE160F9235C1" box="[1015,1197,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. primordialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FB37FE160EA335C1" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="2003" box="[1258,1436,476,503]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FB37FE160EA335C1" box="[1258,1436,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
made us ponder on the possibility of synonymy between these two species. However, as we could not obtain DNA sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FDC4FDE809F5360A" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="2003" box="[537,714,547,573]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FDC4FDE809F5360A" box="[537,714,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<typeStatus id="63148EBADD32B217FCE2FDE8084D360A" box="[831,882,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<collectingCountry id="C4B87088DD32B217FC3CFDE90F68360A" box="[993,1111,546,573]" name="Honduras" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
) to verify this, we prefer to keep 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FEFCFD8D0AED3657" authorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="2003" box="[289,466,582,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FEFCFD8D0AED3657" box="[289,466,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species restricted to the Caribbean Sea, until further analyses are done.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD32B217FDAAFD4C0F373696" blockId="20.[631,1032,647,709]" box="[631,1032,647,673]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Subclass 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FD38FD4C0F373696" authority="Bidder, 1898" authorityName="Bidder" authorityYear="1898" box="[741,1032,647,673]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="subClass" subClass="Calcaronea">Calcaronea Bidder, 1898</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC103018DD32B217FDA1FD600F3C36F2" blockId="20.[631,1032,647,709]" box="[636,1027,682,709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="7BAF4B9BDD32B217FD13FD610F3C36F2" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[718,1027,682,709]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EDBEC0ADD32B217FD13FD61086D36F2" bold="true" box="[718,850,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leucandra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D83E4DE9DD32B217FC87FD610F3C36F2" author="Haeckel E." box="[858,1027,682,709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref21944" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols 1 - 3. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>