283 lines
52 KiB
XML
283 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="B6AAB3678820609F2D10FC611DE36683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176552" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c25ea61-1c01-4842-9929-099c598f91ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176552" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459835122349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ubero-Pascal, Nicolás & Puig, Angels" docDate="2007" docId="03F31C15FFEEB308B5D513FA27C8FBC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01465p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1465" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ephemera danica" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFCA646DFFEBB300B54215552574FF8E" masterDocTitle="Egg morphology update based on new chorionic data of Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus), Ephemera danica Müller and Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) obtained by scanning electron microscopy" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698223446158" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="90C518DBC6ACC81C340B5316E7ACA597">Egg morphology update based on new chorionic data of Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus), Ephemera danica Müller and Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) obtained by scanning electron microscopy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFB1D96DB181E73E721C6334FAC95640">Ubero-Pascal, Nicolás</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB61D6B208DC1A2ACCFB8670FB5CADB7">Puig, Angels</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2A77A0724306222F5940B48B0FFD8B93">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="64E75FB3EAA0E30AB1C5CC693F594468">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D9F5E5C07EE21E91CE606D675BBC76EE">1465</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F31C15FFEEB308B5D513FA27C8FBC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243212" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F31C15FFEEB308B5D513FA27C8FBC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F31C15FFEEB308B5D513FA27C8FBC4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C340FE88FFEEB305B5D513FA2419F947" box="[151,365,1711,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B5D513FA2419F947" blockId="5.[151,365,1711,1737]" box="[151,365,1711,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0AD1A6FFFEEB305B5D513FA2419F947" bold="true" box="[151,365,1711,1737]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEEB305B5D513FA2419F947" ID-CoL="6FP8R" box="[151,365,1711,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B5D513FA2419F947" bold="true" box="[151,365,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Ephemera danica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C340FE88FFEEB308B5D513AF27C8FBC4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B5D513AF2764F89A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1786,2012]" box="[151,528,1786,1812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Description of Egg Morphology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEEB305B584127724C2F852" blockId="5.[151,1436,1786,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEEB305B584127724E8F8B2" bold="true" box="[198,412,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">General features:</emphasis>
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Oval-like egg (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEEB305B715127727E9F8B2" box="[599,669,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A), although sometimes quadrangular (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEEB305B12F127721C7F8B2" box="[1133,1203,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B) or with irregular form. Very simply egg shape, with smooth surface due to the “complex adhesive-extrachorion layer” which completely surrounds the egg (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEEB305B74212272731F802" box="[512,581,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A, B). Several micropyles have been observed in the equatorial area, frequently some may be displaced towards the subpolar area (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEEB305B60812CF26FAF83A" box="[842,910,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A, B). Egg-size between 175–209 µm length and 114–128 µm width.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF25FD8BFFEDB306B5D510E0277AF9F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEDB306B5D510E0277AF9F4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1461,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEDB306B5D510E0246DFA43" bold="true" box="[151,281,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Egg morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFEDB306B4B510E027C0FA42" box="[503,692,1461,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEDB306B4B510E027C0FA42" box="[503,692,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Ephemera danica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFEDB306B584138F2128F86A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1754,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFEDB306B584138F24AAF97A" bold="true" box="[198,478,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Attachment structures:</emphasis>
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An adhesive layer is the only attachment structure that the egg possesses. This layer covers the whole egg, hiding the chorion surface completely, except at the sperm guide of each micropyle (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEDB306B59B127F246BF8CA" box="[217,287,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B). The adhesive layer is a compact material of granular or undifferentiated appearance (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEDB306B073127F2002F8CA" box="[1329,1398,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C), whose thickness is approximately half that of the chorion layer (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEDB306B6DF12072690F8E2" box="[925,996,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D). The extrachorion is a very slight film covering the adhesive layer and its differentiation is very difficult, even in a cross-section of the eggshell (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFEDB306B5DD12F72590F832" box="[159,228,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D), probably because it and the adhesive layer are strongly adhered and form a single unit. We therefore prefer to call this attachment structure as a “complex adhesive-extrachorion layer”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B58415C224EEFEF4" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B58415C224AFFF3F" bold="true" box="[198,475,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Chorionic sculpturing:</emphasis>
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The chorionic features are only observed by SEM when the adhesive layer covering its surface has been removed (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B7661595271DFF54" box="[548,617,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A, C). Chorionic sculpturing consists of small depressions of circularshape (1.3–2.9 µm diameter), whose distribution and arrangement extend regularly the whole chorion surface and could be related to a small meshed reticulation pattern (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B60F144526E6FEA4" box="[845,914,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E). The mesh of net-like sculpturing consists of small depressions and a polygonal reticulum ridge-like strand with hexagonal, pentagonal or irregularly shaped units (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B47A14352408FEF4" box="[312,380,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B58414D22001FD1C" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B58414D22421FE2F" bold="true" box="[198,341,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Micropyles:</emphasis>
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The micropyle are “tagenoform-type”, with an oval shaped sperm guide (
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<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B1F214DD2181FE2C" box="[1200,1269,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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F), sometimes almost elliptical, followed by a long intrachorionic tube, the micropylar canal. If the complex extrachorionadhesive layer is present, the sperm guide is the only part of the micropyle that can be differentiated by SEM, because it is perfectly delimited by this attachment structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B636175526C8FD94" box="[884,956,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F). When the complex layer is removed, the sperm guide can be observed since this area does not present the typical chorionic sculpturing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B06C177D2000FDCC" box="[1326,1396,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G); therefore, the sperm guide is a “suprachorionic-chorionic”
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFECB307B60B1705260BFDE4" box="[841,895,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. In these circumstances, the proximal zone of the micropylar canal can also be observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B7D0172D27A3FD1C" box="[658,727,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Sperm guide size is 7.4–8.5 µm length
|
||
<date id="FFE48BC3FFECB307B192172D2180FD1C" box="[1232,1268,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">x 5</date>
|
||
µm width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B58417F52636FCBC" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The number of micropyles appearing in an egg is variable and we have observed a maximum of three (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B5DD179D2591FD6C" box="[159,229,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). These are arranged in the equatorial area of the egg, more or less aligned in a cross-sectional direction, and separated by a distance close to half the total width of the egg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B14117A5213EFC84" box="[1027,1098,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Sometimes, one of these micropyles can be displaced to the subpolar area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1361B186FFECB307B79D164D2650FCBC" box="[735,804,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,178,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1436,178,1437]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Egg morphology of Ephemera danica: A, General shape of egg oval-like. B, General shape of egg quadrangular-like (B) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, Detail of egg surface without complex extrachorion-adhesive layer showing the chorionic sculpturing (scale bar = 10 µm). D, Detail of thickness and complexity of layer forming the eggshell (scale bar = 1 µm). E, Chorionic sculpturing in detail (scale bar = 1 µm). F, Trace of sperm guide of micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer (scale bar = 1 µm). G, Trace of sperm guide and proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface (scale bar = 1 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B5D5163D2411FC0C" blockId="7.[151,1437,872,2018]" box="[151,357,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Partial discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B58416C52151FBC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,872,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The egg morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B4AB16C5272FFC27" box="[489,603,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B4AB16C5272FFC27" box="[489,603,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B6E016C5211AFC24" author="Degrange" box="[930,1134,912,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although partial descriptions and isolated data can also be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B7E716ED260DFC5C" author="Bengtsson" box="[677,889,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Bengtsson, S. (1913). Undersoknigar ofver aggen hos Ephemeriderna. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 34, 271 - 320." type="journal article" year="1913">Bengtsson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B6C416ED2126FC5C" author="Degrange" box="[902,1106,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1956) Sur les micropyles des oeufs des Ephemeropteres. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 147 - 148" type="journal article" year="1956">Degrange (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B11D16ED20E8FC5C" author="Koss" box="[1119,1436,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B58916B524FBFC74" author="Haybach" box="[203,399,992,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Haybach, A. (2003) Egg-structure of German mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). - an overview. Lauterbornia, 47, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="2003">Haybach (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The characteristic morphology of eggs given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B6A716B521C6FC74" author="Degrange" box="[997,1202,992,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, concerning attachment structures and chorionic sculpturing, is re-described in the study, although our observations of micropyle morphology are closer to the description given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B7A711652155FBC4" author="Koss" box="[741,1057,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B584110D20E9FA04" blockId="7.[151,1437,872,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
We regard the attachment structure in the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B648110D260EFBFF" box="[778,890,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B648110D260EFBFF" box="[778,890,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a complex formed by an adhesive layer and the extrachorion. The adhesive layer is closer to the chorion surface and, in agreement with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B19611D520E8FB14" author="Degrange" box="[1236,1436,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B58E11FD2767FB4C" author="Koss" box="[204,531,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it has a granular or amorphous appearance, but never fibrous. The extrachorion is a delicate film covering the adhesive layer surface, almost imperceptible in cross-section, but the smooth appearance of the egg surface is due to its presence. The close relationship between the adhesive layer and the extrachorion is not limited to form a structural complex, but also extends to a physiological function. Probably, the presence of extrachorion would explain the different physiological response of the adhesive layer observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B42C10252740FA04" author="Degrange" box="[366,564,1392,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when the eggs were submerged in physiological liquid or merely in water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB307B58410CD26B5F8CC" blockId="7.[151,1437,872,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
This “complex extrachorion-adhesive layer” is a chorionic structure common to all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B1FB10CD2045FA3F" box="[1209,1329,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B1FB10CD2045FA3F" box="[1209,1329,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs, as well as to all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B476109524BBFA54" box="[308,463,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephemeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B759109527A0FA54" author="Degrange" box="[539,724,1472,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B7A310952615FA54" author="Koss" box="[737,865,1472,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. (1968) Morphology and taxonomic use of Ephemeroptera eggs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 696 - 721." type="journal article" year="1968">Koss 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B62F109521F7FA54" author="Koss" box="[877,1155,1472,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss & Edmunds 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its presence should be taken into account in SEM studies of egg morphology, because it can hide the chorionic sculpturing or prevent the correct observation of the micropyle. Chorionic sculpturing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B6D813452166F9A7" box="[922,1042,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B6D813452166F9A7" box="[922,1042,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs is very common and its specific features have been described in many species, since this chorionic characteristic can be differentiated easily by light microscopy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B4A8133527D9F9F4" author="Degrange" box="[490,685,1632,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B7FF1335263CF9F4" author="Koss" box="[701,840,1632,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. (1968) Morphology and taxonomic use of Ephemeroptera eggs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 696 - 721." type="journal article" year="1968">Koss, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B6151335210AF9F4" author="Koss" box="[855,1150,1632,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss & Edmunds, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For these reasons, we think it necessary to treat with caution SEM descriptions of egg morphology that do not consider the presence of an adhesive layer, such as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B74F13E52604F944" box="[525,880,1712,1738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Balasubramanian, C., Venkataraman, K. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (1991) Life stages of a South Indian burrowing mayfly, Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae McCafferty and Edmunds 1973 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). Aquatic Insects, 13, 223 - 228." type="journal article">Balasubramanian et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B6E813E521CDF944" author="Kang" box="[938,1209,1712,1738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Kang, S. C. & Yang, C. T. (1994) Ephemeroidea of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera). Chinese Journal of Entomology, 14, 391 - 399." type="journal article" year="1994">Kang and Yang (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Some eggs, which partially lost their attachment structure during the preparation procedure for SEM analysis, confirmed the observation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B40C12552768F894" author="Degrange" box="[334,540,1792,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B66A125526E9F897" box="[808,925,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B66A125526E9F897" box="[808,925,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
chorion presents a net-like sculpturing of small mesh, although reticulation can be polygonous irregular or not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFECB308B58412052671FDCC" blockId="7.[151,1437,872,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,1098]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
In agreement with the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B7C8120526B2F8E4" author="Koss" box="[650,966,1872,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the sperm guide is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFECB307B069120520E8F8E7" box="[1323,1436,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFECB307B069120520E8F8E7" box="[1323,1436,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs and so is the micropyle, the “tagenoform-type”, but not the “linear-type” or “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFECB307B1DF122D21A4F81C" box="[1181,1232,1912,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
4” according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B5D512F5242CF834" author="Degrange" box="[151,344,1952,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1956) Sur les micropyles des oeufs des Ephemeropteres. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 147 - 148" type="journal article" year="1956">Degrange (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFECB307B42712F524D0F834" author="Degrange" box="[357,420,1952,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sperm guide leaves traces on both the chorion and “complex extrachorion-adhesive layer” (“suprachorionic-chorionic”
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFECB307B727129D27EDF86C" box="[613,665,1992,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
) but, while the trace in the attachment structure is very conspicuous (it is a well delimited hole), on the chorion surface it is poorly defined since it is only differentiable due to the absence of typical chorionic sculpturing. Probably, the sperm guide was less nectly defined in the eggs studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B45C15BD249CFE8C" author="Degrange" box="[286,488,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(fresh-eggs and each enveloped by a thick transparent adhesive layer) and he could only observe it when the eggs were stained by aniline blue, differentiating an oblong hole in the adhesive layer just at the micropyle opening. Overlapping of both sperm guide traces could be the reason that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B5D514352429FEF4" author="Degrange" box="[151,349,352,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not observe the sperm guide trace on the chorion surface when the eggs were stained. On the other hand, the micropylar canal features observed by us are nearer the characteristics described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B5D514E52415FE44" author="Degrange" box="[151,353,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
than by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B48D14E52667FE44" author="Koss" box="[463,787,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The proximal part of the micropylar canal is slightly raised with respect to the chorion surface, but the absence of chorionic sculpturing in this area means that this feature seems more pronounced. In any case, the proximal part of the micropylar canal does not project above the chorion as it does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B4D5177D249DFDCF" box="[407,489,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B4D5177D249DFDCF" box="[407,489,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B776177D278CFDCC" author="Malzacher" box="[564,760,552,578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Malzacher, P. (1982) Eistrukturen europaischer Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, A, Biologie, 356, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1982">Malzacher 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5AD03FFE3B308B584170527C8FBC4" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
From a taxonomic point of view, a non-fibrous adhesive layer as the only attachment structure and a "tagenoform" micropyle seem to be common features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B602172D26AFFD1C" box="[832,987,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephemeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B1D8172D2067FD1F" box="[1178,1299,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B1D8172D2067FD1F" box="[1178,1299,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs could be characterized because the adhesive layer lacks any
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E113A1FFE3B308B65D17F52626FD34" box="[799,850,672,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of sculpturing. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B1F417F5259CFD6C" author="Koss" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Koss and Edmunds (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, chorionic sculpturing seems to be the only egg characteristic which would allow the identification of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B45E17A524E0FC87" box="[284,404,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B45E17A524E0FC87" box="[284,404,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since its variability could be species-specific. However, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B19217A520E8FC84" author="Degrange" box="[1232,1436,752,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Degrange, C. (1960) Recherches sur la Reproduction des Ephemeropteres. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 51, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Degrange (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found differences in the chorionic sculpturing of eggs from the three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B100164D21CFFCBF" box="[1090,1211,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B100164D21CFFCBF" box="[1090,1211,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
studied, he did not consider them to be of taxonomic use; in fact, his proposed key for differentiating species differentiation based on egg morphology has only one entry covering these three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B104163D21CAFC0F" box="[1094,1214,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B104163D21CAFC0F" box="[1094,1214,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Without doubt, a SEM study of the eggs of several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B75C16C527E3FC27" box="[542,663,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B75C16C527E3FC27" box="[542,663,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species would help decide whether chorionic sculpturing is useful for taxonomic purposes. In the Segura river basin,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B7A716ED2622FC5F" box="[741,854,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B7A716ED2622FC5F" box="[741,854,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B16F16ED21D1FC5F" box="[1069,1189,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B16F16ED21D1FC5F" box="[1069,1189,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B05016ED2450FC74" authority="Pictet, 1843" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaucops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B05016ED20E8FC5F" box="[1298,1436,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">E. glaucops</emphasis>
|
||
Pictet, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B41F16B52712FC74" authority="Eaton, 1870" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1870" box="[349,614,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B41F16B524BBFC77" box="[349,463,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">E. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Eaton, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBD0F2FFE3B308B73C16B526D2FC74" author="Ubero-Pascal" box="[638,934,992,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Ubero-Pascal, N., Puig, M. A. & Soler, A. (1998) Los Efemeropteros de la cuenca del rio Segura (S. E. de Espana): 1. Estudio Faunistico (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 22, 151 - 170." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Ubero-Pascal
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B66716B5262DFC77" box="[805,857,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but, unfortunately, we did not find specimens with eggs of these species. Hopefully, specimens with eggs will be found so that they can be compared with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AD680FFE3B308B5BF11652419FBC7" box="[253,365,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E7111FFE3B308B5BF11652419FBC7" box="[253,365,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
data described in this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |