248 lines
37 KiB
XML
248 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="6D30E60719685CF740616BEABFF2F77D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3709976" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b412f1c4-28b9-4786-9aec-f930c9c00373" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3709976" ID-ZooBank="015EC5C3-65C6-4418-BC6D-C36D58C4DCDD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584124481177" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shelley, Rowland M. & Smith, Jamie M." docDate="2018" docId="03AB87FFFFD1FFBFFF52C3D3FB0DD137" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0660.1-41.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 660" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Xystodesmidae Cook 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF92FF87FFDAFFB2FF92C554FFB1D065" masterDocTitle="Expanded concept and revised taxonomy of the milliped family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): incorporations of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, taxon revivals / proposals / transferrals, and a distributional update" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698728052994" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="0D7C141EC5E20A80281ED591BC22756C">Expanded concept and revised taxonomy of the milliped family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): incorporations of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, taxon revivals / proposals / transferrals, and a distributional update</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C6B9EDF634B49DC19B0E25DE368E9802">Shelley, Rowland M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84D88797C16B0901BA992B72DB864330">Smith, Jamie M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D55ABF3EBF23DD027A59008CDD846A9A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8ED9B22AECB1579D6B2024026DB89AA0">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B39AC763EC408A50C3FFEB00BE59F8B2">
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<mods:date id="C0786D14DFE5C9DB87976E9F2C6AD58C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="748C17B99230CF814D6941065C58037B">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="88D4C9CAB48D66A181925FAB0A73CCBA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3709976</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AB87FFFFD1FFBFFF52C3D3FB0DD137" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162488092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87FFFFD1FFBFFF52C3D3FB0DD137" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FFFFD1FFBFFF52C3D3FB0DD137" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD1FFB9FF52C3D3FEAAD6A4" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD1FFB9FF52C3D3FEAAD6A4" blockId="11.[192,1440,1671,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0F58185FFD1FFB9FF52C3D3FEAAD6A4" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD1FFB9FF52C3D3FEAAD6A4" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD1FFB9FEBEC3D3FE4AD6FA" ID-CoL="7NLKX" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[300,507,1671,1695]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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(Adapted from
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD1FFB9FD4EC3D3FC08D6FA" author="Hoffman" box="[732,953,1671,1695]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref26849" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1962 a. Taxonomic studies on the Melaphinae, a group of palearctic polydesmoid diplopoda. Opuscula Zoologica 59: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962" yearSuffix="a">Hoffman (1962a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD1FFB9FC5BC3D3FBB9D6FA" author="Hoffman" box="[969,1032,1671,1695]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 1119" refId="ref27484" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1982. Diplopoda. p. 689 - 724. In: S. B. Parker (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Liv- ing Organisms 2: 1 - 1119." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD1FFB9FBC9C3D3FEAAD6A4" author="Golovatch and Enghoff" firstAuthor="Golovatch" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 482" refId="ref26369" refString="Golovatch, S. I., and H. Enghoff. 2015. Superorder Merocheta. p. 391 - 408. In: A. Minelli (ed.). The Myriapoda. Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology 2: 1 - 482 + i-ix." type="journal article" year="2015">Golovatch and Enghoff (2015))</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD1FFBEFF52C3BEFB79D470" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD1FFBEFF52C3BEFB79D470" blockId="11.[192,1440,1770,1929]" lastBlockId="12.[192,1441,217,1045]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD1FFB9FF52C3BEFEFED767" bold="true" box="[192,335,1770,1794]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small- to large-bodied (~
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<quantity id="4CFA9B0CFFD1FFB9FD16C3BFFD46D767" box="[644,759,1771,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="8.0">8–85 mm</quantity>
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long), moderately convex, usually glabrous, glossy, and smooth-bodied Xystodesmoidea with 20 segments, dorsums usually smoothly glossy black, occasionally pustulate, often adorned with vivid pigmentations (yellow, orange, red, blue, white, lavender, gray) on caudolateral paranotal corners, as bands along anterior margins of collums and caudal metatergal margins, or as spots in metatergal midlines; bodies usually relatively broad (W/L ratio>18%) and subparallel-sided from segments 3–16, occasionally long and slender (W/L ratio <18%); paranota broad, usually declined, occasionally subhorizontal, usually in contact or overlapping when segments compressed, peritremata extending along lateral margins and containing ozopores; antennae moderately long, usually with four but occasionally up to 20 terminal sensory cones, margins of seventh antennomeres not invaginated, cones not grouped into diads; collum usually small, semilunar, and exposing epicranium in dorsal view; epiproct flattened dorsoventrally, usually bluntly subtriangular, broad and spatulate in Euryurina (
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFEE3C4CEFDB2D1D7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[369,515,410,434]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFD9FC4CEFD3BD1D7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[525,650,410,434]" class="Diplopoda" family="Euryuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Euryurini">Euryurini</taxonomicName>
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); vasa deferentia opening apically on cylindrical processes on 2
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<superScript id="7C779BA1FFD6FFBEFA1CC4CCFA11D1C3" attach="none" box="[1422,1440,408,422]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">nd</superScript>
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legs; ambulatory prefemora with or without sharply acuminate, distoventral spines. Gonopodal aperture primarily on 7
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<superScript id="7C779BA1FFD6FFBEFEE0C48CFE30D183" attach="left" box="[370,385,472,486]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
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metazonite and usually relatively large, occasionally extending beyond stricture into prozonite and reducing latter to narrow strip, usually smoothly rounded to ovoid, variably expanded, lobed, or with caudolateral corners flared and anterior margin slightly indented in Eurymerodesmina (
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFF5BC76FFEEAD236" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[201,347,571,595]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
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: Eurymerodesmini). Gonopodal coxae joined by either sclerotized sternum, remnant of latter, or membrane, solenite socket completely separated from distal margin. Telopodites
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFB62C70FFA8FD217" box="[1264,1342,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
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usually overlapping, interlocked, or subparallel, extending anteriad and overhanging anterior margin of aperture, subparallel, projecting caudad, and overhanging caudal margin in Eurymerodesmina; comprised of a globular, pilose “prefemur” giving rise to “acropodite” and often one or occasionally two additional and highly variable projections, “prefemur” extending distad for varying lengths along “outer acropodital surfaces,” completely encircling latter in
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFD54C7A8FCF1D371" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[710,832,764,788]" class="Diplopoda" family="Euryuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Euryurini">Euryurini</taxonomicName>
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and absent from Eurymerodesmina; prefemoral hairs sometimes shorter and extending (dis)continuously along “prefemoral extensions.” “Acropodite” structurally variable, plesiomorphic condition long, slender, and “stick-like,” sublinear or curving/bending distal to midlength, a single projection or divided at varying positions into “solenomere” and one or two variably long additional branches, apomorphically prolonged, shortened, expanded, thickened, twisted, looped, ornamented, cingulate, or varying combinations of these; with at most only a few scattered hairs distal to “prefemoral extension
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFDA7C6E9FDF3D3B0" bold="true" box="[565,578,957,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">s</emphasis>
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” except in
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFD55C6E9FCE4D3B0" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[711,853,957,981]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
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where they extend (dis)continuously for varying distances along “inner” or, occasionally, “inner” and “outer” margins beyond “prefemora” or “prefemoral extensions,” hairs varying in lengths and densities, often denser and “tufted” distad.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD6FFBEFF52C179FAB0D420" box="[192,1281,1069,1093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD6FFBEFF52C179FAB0D420" blockId="12.[192,1281,1069,1093]" box="[192,1281,1069,1093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFF52C179FEC5D420" bold="true" box="[192,372,1069,1093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Components.</emphasis>
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Three subfamilies, one monobasic and two divided into two or nine tribes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD6FFBEFF52C109FC10D5B2" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD6FFBEFF52C109FC10D5B2" blockId="12.[192,1441,1117,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFF52C109FEDAD410" bold="true" box="[192,363,1117,1141]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13392A6CFFD6FFBEFEEFC109FDB3D410" box="[381,514,1117,1141]" captionStart-0="Figure 17" captionStart-1="Figure 18" captionStart-2="Figure 19" captionStart-3="Figure 20" captionStart-4="Figure 21" captionStartId-0="17.[192,275,668,690]" captionStartId-1="17.[192,275,1823,1845]" captionStartId-2="21.[946,1040,843,865]" captionStartId-3="25.[192,275,989,1011]" captionStartId-4="26.[192,275,607,629]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1440,213,634]" captionTargetBox-1="[297,1269,733,1789]" captionTargetBox-2="[531,906,213,1030]" captionTargetBox-3="[214,1417,213,955]" captionTargetBox-4="[255,1376,213,573]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[192,1440,213,634]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[297,1269,733,1789]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[531,906,213,1030]" captionTargetId-3="figure@25.[214,1417,213,955]" captionTargetId-4="figure@26.[255,1376,213,573]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionText-0="Figure 17. Global distribution of Xystodesmidae." captionText-1="Figure 18. The East-Nearctic Region of Xystodesmidae. The eastern- and northernmost dots denote localities of the two Appalachian species of Rhysodesmus; the dot in Texas within the black line signifies the northernmost locality of R. texicolens (Chamberlin), San Diego, Duval Co. The arrow indicates Bald Head Island, NC, occupied by Apheloria (Xystodesminae: Apheloriini)." captionText-2="Figure 19. The West-Nearctic Region of Xystodesmidae. Left, Pacific Coastal Subregion. Right, Western Interior Subregion. The detached, cluster of dots to the south show the area of Motyxia monica Chamberlin in the Santa Monica Mountains and northern metropolitan Los Angeles." captionText-3="Figure 20. The East-Palearctic/East-Asian Region of Xystodesmidae. The arrow points to the site at Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam." captionText-4="Figure 21. Distribution of the polydesmidan suborder Leptodesmidea in the Mediterranean Region of Europe, Africa, and Middle Eastern Asia. Black lines and dots, West-Palearctic Region of Xystodesmidae. Red line, area of Spain/Iberian Peninsula occupied by Macellolophus excavatus (Chelodesmidae). Red stars, localities in the same of Cantabrodesmus lorioli (Chelodesmidae). Green triangles, denoted by green arrow in eastern Mediterranean Sea, localities of Libanaphe spp. (Oxydesmidae) in Lebanon and Israel." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709986" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709988" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709990" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709992" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709994" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3709986/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3709988/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3709990/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3709992/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3709994/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Fig. 17–21</figureCitation>
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). Five major Holarctic regions, one extending into the northernmost continental Neotropics.
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFE35C129FDD1D4F0" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[423,608,1149,1173]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
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is the dominant and virtually only Holarctic leptodesmidean family, and it is particularly so in the three regions of the New World detailed in the Distribution section. In the Palearctic, it occurs in three areas/subregions of far eastern continental and insular Asia as well as three along the Mediterranean and adjoining seas and in two large and several small islands in southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East. The family is absent from the vast intervening area of Central Asia and overall is known from 22 countries and projected for two others as follows: North and Central America, five countries –
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFD7BC06AFCFAD533" box="[745,843,1342,1366]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Canada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFCC5C06AFBB5D533" box="[855,1028,1342,1366]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">United States</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFB83C06AFBDBD533" box="[1041,1130,1342,1366]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFBE5C06AFAB3D533" box="[1143,1282,1342,1366]" name="Guatemala" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFA9DC06AFA11D533" box="[1295,1440,1342,1366]" name="El Salvador" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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(projected for
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFEF9C00AFE07D513" box="[363,438,1374,1398]" name="Belize" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Belize</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFE67C00AFDC3D513" box="[501,626,1374,1398]" name="Honduras" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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); Africa, two countries –
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFC35C00BFBBFD513" box="[935,1038,1375,1398]" name="Morocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFB89C00AFBC9D513" box="[1051,1144,1374,1398]" name="Algeria" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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; Europe, six countries –
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFF52C02BFEA9D5F3" box="[192,280,1407,1430]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFEB6C02AFEEFD5F3" box="[292,350,1406,1430]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(“mainland” and
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<collectingRegion id="49C6F80BFFD6FFBEFDA6C02AFD10D5F3" box="[564,673,1406,1430]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFD27C02AFCA9D5F3" box="[693,792,1406,1430]" name="Albania" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Albania</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFCB6C02AFC1DD5F3" box="[804,940,1406,1430]" name="Macedonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFC24C02BFBBCD5F2" box="[950,1037,1407,1431]" name="Greece" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFB8BC02AFBC4D5F3" box="[1049,1141,1406,1430]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Mediterranean Islands, one country—Cyprus; Asia Middle East, one country—Turkey, Asia Far East, seven countries—Russia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFF52C0EBFEEFD5B3" box="[192,350,1471,1495]" name="North Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">North Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFEFBC0EBFDB7D5B3" box="[361,518,1471,1495]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFD83C0EBFDEED5B3" box="[529,607,1471,1494]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFDFEC0EBFD7AD5B2" box="[620,715,1471,1495]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFD45C0EBFC95D5B2" box="[727,804,1471,1495]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFCA2C0EBFC2CD5B2" box="[816,925,1471,1495]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3186562FFD6FFBFFF52C0BBFB0DD137" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36E9FFD6FFBFFF52C0BBFB0DD137" blockId="12.[192,1440,1519,1929]" lastBlockId="13.[192,1440,217,338]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFF52C0BBFEF2D662" bold="true" box="[192,323,1519,1543]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
With the incorporation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFD1CC0BBFCAAD662" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[654,795,1519,1543]" class="Diplopoda" family="Euryuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFCC9C0BBFBFCD662" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[859,1101,1519,1543]" class="Diplopoda" family="Eurymerodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurymerodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFBC9C0BBFAA5D662" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[1115,1300,1519,1543]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
essentially becomes a “catch-all” taxon and the Holarctic leptodesmidean counterpart to the primarily Neo- and Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFECFC37BFD4FD622" authority="(Chelodesmoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Chelodesmoidea" box="[349,766,1583,1607]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chelodesmidae (Chelodesmoidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ventrodistal spine on the ambulatory prefemora that has been considered diagnostic only occurs in four east-Nearctic taxa: Nannariina (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFA9BC31BFA29D602" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[1289,1432,1615,1639]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFF66C33BFE30D6E2" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" box="[244,385,1647,1671]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apheloriini">Apheloriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFE1EC33BFD8AD6E2" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1980" box="[396,571,1647,1671]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachydesmini">Pachydesmini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFDEBC33BFC4BD6E2" authority="(Xystodesminae)" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Xystodesminae" box="[633,1018,1647,1671]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhysodesmini">Rhysodesmini (Xystodesminae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Practically every character has an exception, particularly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFD93C3DBFD22D6C2" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1909" box="[513,659,1679,1703]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euryurinae">Euryurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The primary unifying feature is its Holarctic distribution, but even this has an exception, the northern continental Neotropics. These additions overwhelmingly render
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFF52C384FEC7D68D" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[192,374,1744,1768]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xystodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dominant leptodesmidean taxon in the Northern Hemisphere or land masses deriving from the supercontinent Laurasia. Only three other leptodesmidean families inhabit continental regions of this enormous area:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFE5CC244FC04D74D" authority="(Sphaeriodesmoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Sphaeriodesmoidea" box="[462,949,1808,1832]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaeriodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphaeriodesmidae (Sphaeriodesmoidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Neotropical immigrant represented by the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFE03C265FDFFD72D" authority="Cook" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1898" box="[401,590,1840,1864]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaeriodesmidae" genus="Desmonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFE03C265FDBDD72D" box="[401,524,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Desmonus</emphasis>
|
||
Cook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southern/southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFC23C264FC66D72D" box="[945,983,1840,1864]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFC71C264FBD3D72D" author="Cook" box="[995,1122,1840,1864]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="451 - 468" refId="ref25855" refString="Cook, O. F. 1898. American oniscoid Diplopoda of the order Merocheta. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21: 451 - 468." type="journal article" year="1898">Cook 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFBFEC264FAB7D72D" author="Causey" box="[1132,1286,1840,1864]" firstAuthor="Causey" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref25326" refString="Causey, N. B. 1958. Pill millipeds (Desmonidae, Polydesmida) in the United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 71: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="1958">Causey 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFA82C264FE10D70D" author="Chamberlin and Hoffman" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref25774" refString="Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1958">Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFE3EC204FDEAD70D" author="Hoffman" box="[428,603,1872,1896]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref27457" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1980 (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle; Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p." type="book" year="1980">Hoffman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFDF6C204FD13D70D" author="Hoffman" box="[612,674,1872,1896]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref27613" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8: 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFD3EC204FCE9D70D" author="Shelley" box="[684,856,1872,1896]" firstAuthor="Shelley" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="27 - 54" refId="ref30963" refString="Shelley, R. M. 2000 a. Revision of the milliped subfamily Desmoninae (Polydesmida: Sphaeriodesmidae). Myriapodologica 6 (5): 27 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Shelley 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFCF9C204FAB4D70D" authority="(Chelodesmoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Chelodesmoidea" box="[875,1285,1872,1896]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chelodesmidae (Chelodesmoidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD6FFBEFF70C224FDD8D7ED" authority="Mauries" authorityName="Mauries" box="[226,617,1904,1928]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Cantabrodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lorioli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD6FFBEFF70C224FE4CD7ED" box="[226,509,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Cantabrodesmus lorioli</emphasis>
|
||
Mauriès
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in caves in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD6FFBEFCF4C224FC1CD7ED" box="[870,941,1904,1928]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFC28C224FBD3D7EC" author="Mauries" box="[954,1122,1904,1929]" firstAuthor="Mauries" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref28412" refString="Mauries, J. - P. 1971. Diplopodes epiges et cavernicoles de Pyrenees espagnoles et des Monts Cantabriques. VI. Polydesmides. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 107 (1 - 2): 117 - 124." type="journal article" year="1971">Mauriès 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBEFBFEC225FB18D7EC" author="Mauries" box="[1132,1193,1905,1929]" firstAuthor="Mauries" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref28456" refString="Mauries, J. - P. 1974. Interet phylogenie et biogeographique de quelques diplopodes recemment decrit du nord de l'Espagne. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 32: 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD6FFBFFB21C225FF4DD097" author="Luque and Labrada" firstAuthor="Luque" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref28203" refString="Luque, C. G., and L. Labrada. 2017. New localities of the species Cantabrodesmus lorioli Mauries, 1971 in Cantabria, Spain (Polydesmida, Diplopoda, Chelodesmidae). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural Seccion Biologica 111: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="2017">Luque and Labrada 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, with our action,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD7FFBFFD8AC58DFC0DD094" authority="Verhoeff" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1931" box="[536,956,217,241]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Macellolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD7FFBFFD8AC58DFCF6D094" box="[536,839,217,241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Macellolophus excavatus</emphasis>
|
||
Verhoeff
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD7FFBFFB01C58DFB6BD094" box="[1171,1242,217,241]" name="Spain" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFB79C58DFA2DD097" author="Verhoeff" box="[1259,1436,217,242]" firstAuthor="Verhoeff" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="397 - 452" refId="ref32971" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. 1931. Chilognathen aus den Bergamasker Alpen und Nachbargebieten; auch uber zwei neue Gattungen der Polydesmoidea aus Spanien und Japan. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik 61: 397 - 452." type="journal article" year="1931">Verhoeff 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFF52C5AEFEECD177" author="Attems" box="[192,349,250,274]" firstAuthor="Attems" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 576" refId="ref24640" refString="Attems, C. 1940. Polydesmoidea III. Fams. Polydesmidae, Vanhoeffenidae, Cryptodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae, Sphaerotrichopidae, Peridontodesmidae, Rhachidesmidae, Macellolophidae, Pandirodesmidae. Das Tierreich 70: 1 - 576." type="journal article" year="1940">Attems 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFEF5C5AEFDA1D177" author="Mauries, J. - P." box="[359,528,250,274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="575 - 588" refId="ref28492" refString="Mauries, J. - P. 1978. Myriapodes du sud de l'Espagne. Annalen Naturhistorisches Museum Wien 81: 575 - 588." type="journal article" year="1978">Mauriès 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFD89C5AEFCEBD177" author="Mauries and Vicente" box="[539,858,250,274]" firstAuthor="Mauries" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="109 - 134" refId="ref28660" refString="Mauries, J. - P., and M. C. Vicente. 1978. Diplopodos cavernicolas nuevos y poco conocidos de Espana, recolectados por A. Lagar. Descripcion de tres generos nuevos. Miscelanea Zoologica 4: 109 - 134." type="journal article" year="1978">Mauriès and Vicente 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFCF6C5AEFBB5D177" author="Vicente" box="[868,1028,250,274]" firstAuthor="Vicente" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 181" refId="ref33168" refString="Vicente, M. C. 1988. Sinonimia entre las dos especies ibericas del genero Macellolophus Attems, 1940 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Orsis 3: 173 - 181." type="journal article" year="1988">Vicente 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFB9DC5AEFB2FD177" author="Ceuca" box="[1039,1182,250,274]" firstAuthor="Ceuca" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref25499" refString="Ceuca, T. 1988. Sur quelques diplopodes de la Peninsule Iberique et du nord de L'Afrique. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia 3: 40 - 48." type="journal article" year="1988">Ceuca 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFB3AC5AEFA22D177" author="Mauries" box="[1192,1427,250,274]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mauries" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="19 - 21" refId="ref28517" refString="Mauries, J. - P., S. I. Golovatch, and R. L. Hoffman. 2006. Review of the millipede genus Macellolophus Attems, 1940 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta 15 (1): 19 - 21." type="journal article" year="2006">Mauriès et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD7FFBFFF61C44EFDC4D157" authority="(Xystodesmoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Xystodesmoidea" box="[243,629,282,306]" class="Diplopoda" family="Oxydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxydesmidae (Xystodesmoidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D6AFFD7FFBFFB98C44DFB4DD157" authority="Hoffman" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1963" box="[1034,1276,281,306]" class="Diplopoda" family="Oxydesmidae" genus="Libanaphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAFBFFD7FFBFFB98C44DFB3DD154" box="[1034,1164,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Libanaphe</emphasis>
|
||
Hoffman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the coastal Middle East (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD7FFBFFEF7C46EFE61D137" box="[357,464,314,338]" name="Lebanon" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157679FFD7FFBFFD9EC46EFDE2D137" box="[524,595,314,338]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFDF9C46EFCACD137" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[619,797,314,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="415 - 421" refId="ref26915" refString="Hoffman, R. L. 1963 a. Eine bedeutende neue Gattung und Art der Diplopoden-Gruppe Melaphinae vom Libanon. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg 2: 415 - 421." type="journal article" year="1963">Hoffman 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFCBBC46EFC52D137" author="Tabacaru" box="[809,995,314,338]" firstAuthor="Tabacaru" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref32567" refString="Tabacaru, I. 1995. Diplopodes d'Israel. I. Libanaphe adonis galilaensis n. ssp. avec une liste revisee des diplopodes signales en Israel. Soil Fauna of Israel 1: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1995">Tabacaru 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B18FFD7FFBFFC7CC46EFB1ED137" author="Golovatch" box="[1006,1199,314,338]" firstAuthor="Golovatch" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref26257" refString="Golovatch, S. I. 2007. The millipede genus Libanaphe Hoffman, 1963 in Israel (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Oxydesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta 16 (1): 11 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">Golovatch 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |