170 lines
23 KiB
XML
170 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7BD7103B798CD05DC70C8E50E14B4489">A review of Coelopoetinae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Pterolonchidae), a moth subfamily confined to western North America, with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F804EBDACA739D5494490D559F76EC34">Kaila, Lauri</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03AB87D7FF9B3E191880FF75FA87FCE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11580490" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232728955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11580490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87D7FF9B3E191880FF75FA87FCE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87D7FF9B3E191880FF75FA87FCE7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<subSubSection id="C318654AFF9B3E181880FF75FD94FF43" box="[151,544,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36C1FF9B3E181880FF75FD94FF43" blockId="4.[151,544,223,249]" box="[151,544,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<heading id="D0F581ADFF9B3E181880FF75FD94FF43" bold="true" box="[151,544,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181880FF75FD94FF43" bold="true" box="[151,544,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181880FF75FEFDFF43" ID-CoL="94LXW" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,329,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coelopoetinae">Coelopoetinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E18194FFF75FDACFF43" box="[344,536,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pterolonchidae</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318654AFF9B3E191880FE8DFC26FCAF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36C1FF9B3E181880FE8DFA25FE4F" blockId="4.[151,1436,295,502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181880FE8DFEA6FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,274,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E1819A7FE8DFDE6FEFB" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1978" box="[432,594,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coelopoetinae">Coelopoetinae</taxonomicName>
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are small-sized, with wingspans of
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<quantity id="4CFA9B24FF9B3E181BE2FE8DFBCEFEF8" box="[1013,1146,295,322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–13 mm</quantity>
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. They share a ubiquitous character of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181934FEE1FE0EFEDF" box="[291,442,331,357]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Gelechioidea">Gelechioidea</taxonomicName>
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, i.e. the basally scaled haustellum. The lack of tympanal organs differentiates them from Pyraloidea. The placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E1819FBFEC5FD3AFE33" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1978" box="[492,654,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coelopoetinae">Coelopoetinae</taxonomicName>
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as belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181B5CFEC5FC6BFE33" box="[843,991,367,393]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Gelechioidea">Gelechioidea</taxonomicName>
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is also confirmed by molecular studies (see Introduction). In the majority of gelechioid taxa, the adult moths have long and upcurved labial palpi. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181880FE1DFE88FE6B" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,316,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coelopoetinae">Coelopoetinae</taxonomicName>
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, however, the labial palpi are relatively short (usually shorter than diameter of head), often porrect, or the second segment is only weakly ascending and not significantly longer than the third segment (
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<figureCitation id="13392A44FF9B3E181D03FE71FA35FE4F" box="[1300,1409,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–4. 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–4. 2. Head of Coelopoeta glutinosi Walsingham; 3. Head of Coelopoeta phaceliae Kaila; 4. Abdominal skin of Coelopoeta aurora (L. Kaila prep. 6374) showing the shape of sternum 2 and the spine bands of tergal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11547502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11547502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7D6649FF9B3E181880F9E0FAA5F93D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11547502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11547502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11547502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" startId="4.[151,264,1610,1634]" targetBox="[305,1283,525,1585]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36C1FF9B3E181880F9E0FAA5F93D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1610,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181880F9E0FEE2F9D8" bold="true" box="[151,342,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">FIGURES 2–4. 2.</emphasis>
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Head of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E1819AFF9E0FCA1F9D8" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham, Los Angeles County, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1907" box="[440,789,1610,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glutinosi">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E1819AFF9E0FD39F9D8" box="[440,653,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Coelopoeta glutinosi</emphasis>
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Walsingham
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181B36F9E0FC80F9D8" bold="true" box="[801,820,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">3.</emphasis>
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Head of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181B82F9E0FB02F9D8" authority="Kaila" authorityName="Kaila, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1995" box="[917,1206,1610,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaceliae">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181B82F9E0FBC0F9D8" box="[917,1140,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Coelopoeta phaceliae</emphasis>
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Kaila
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181CD6F9E0FB60F9D8" bold="true" box="[1217,1236,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">4.</emphasis>
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Abdominal skin of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181880F9C4FEE3F93C" authorityName="Kaila" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,343,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181880F9C4FEE3F93C" box="[151,343,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Coelopoeta aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L. Kaila prep. 6374) showing the shape of sternum 2 and the spine bands of tergal segments.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36C1FF9B3E191880F91EFC26FCAF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1716,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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The head is smooth-scaled; the antenna is about 3/4 as long as the forewing, the scape bears a pecten, the pedicel is reduced and hardly visible, the flagellum is not ciliate, in the male sometimes at least partly weakly serrate, usually in the distal third, and is often annulated with distinct white and dark-grey rings (
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<figureCitation id="13392A44FF9B3E181C95F956FB5BF8AC" box="[1154,1263,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–4. 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–4. 2. Head of Coelopoeta glutinosi Walsingham; 3. Head of Coelopoeta phaceliae Kaila; 4. Abdominal skin of Coelopoeta aurora (L. Kaila prep. 6374) showing the shape of sternum 2 and the spine bands of tergal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11547502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11547502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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). The forewing is usually rather narrow and the hindwing is lanceolate, narrower than its fringe scales. The forewing ground colour is usually unicolourous white to brown or occasionally grey; in several species there is a pale spot of varying shape and distinctiveness at about distal 3/5 of the dorsal margin; sometimes darker scales are scattered over the wing or condensed to form an indistinct patch in the middle of it in species/specimens with pale wing colour. Venation is as follows in
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181905F81BFE22F870" authorityName="Walsingham, Los Angeles County, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1907" box="[274,406,1968,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glutinosi">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181905F81BFE22F870" box="[274,406,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">C. glutinosi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(no species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9B3E181A66F81BFD41F870" authorityName="Kaila" authorityYear="2024" box="[625,757,1968,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissurina">
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<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9B3E181A66F81BFD41F870" box="[625,757,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">C. fissurina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group examined): forewing R
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181CBFF869FB04F86B" attach="left" box="[1192,1200,1987,2001]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">1</subScript>
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–R
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181CC6F868FB6DF86A" attach="left" box="[1233,1241,1986,2000]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">5</subScript>
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present, directed costad of apex, R
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181940F84CFEEBF84E" attach="left" box="[343,351,2022,2036]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">5</subScript>
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stalked with M
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181A1BF84DFDA0F84F" attach="left" box="[524,532,2023,2037]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">1</subScript>
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, M
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181A2CF84DFDF7F84F" attach="left" box="[571,579,2023,2037]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">1</subScript>
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–M
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181A7DF84DFDC6F84F" attach="left" box="[618,626,2023,2037]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">3</subScript>
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and CuA
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181ACBF84DFD50F84F" attach="left" box="[732,740,2023,2037]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">1</subScript>
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–
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<subScript id="17863484FF9B3E181AE5F84DFD4EF84F" attach="left" box="[754,762,2023,2037]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">2</subScript>
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present, all separate and directed ventrad of apex. Hindwing R
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<subScript id="17863484FF9A3E1918BDFF03FF07FF0D" attach="left" box="[170,179,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">S</subScript>
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with a costal-directed vein in slide USNM 10.738, but not in Pl. 1,
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<figureCitation id="13392A44FF9A3E191BA3FF3DFC43FF0B" box="[948,1015,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[151,1436,198,1335]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A neighbor-joining tree, generated under the K2P nucleotide substitution model of 16 barcode sequences retrieved from Coelopoeta specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11547500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11547500/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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. in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B30FF9A3E191C35FF3DFB0FFF0B" author="Braun, A. F." box="[1058,1211,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref16433" refString="Braun, A. F. (1948) Elachistidae of North America (Microlepidoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 13, 1 - 110, 26 pls." type="journal article" year="1948">Braun (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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, nor in slide 10.737 (both wing slides examined); RS+M1 stalked, either separate from or fused with M2+M3; CuA1 and CuA2 present, separate from M veins. Regarding venation, see also Remarks below. The tergal segments of the abdomen have conspicuous transverse bands of spines (
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<figureCitation id="13392A44FF9A3E191A7EFEA9FD05FEA7" box="[617,689,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–4. 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[305,1283,525,1585]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–4. 2. Head of Coelopoeta glutinosi Walsingham; 3. Head of Coelopoeta phaceliae Kaila; 4. Abdominal skin of Coelopoeta aurora (L. Kaila prep. 6374) showing the shape of sternum 2 and the spine bands of tergal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11547502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11547502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). The male genitalia are capsule-shaped; the uncus is distinctive, either bilobed or undivided and hook-shaped; the gnathos is articulated from the tegumen, curved, hook-shaped, without scobination, The ventral margins of the valvae are connected to each other with membrane; the valvae are undivided, with somewhat varying shape distally. The juxta is a simple sclerotized plate, laterally bent towards the dorsal side supporting the valva both ventrally and laterally, without lateral or distal lobes. The vinculum is tapered into an elongate and broad saccus. The phallus is not differentiated apart from occasionally having scobination near the apex in the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E19195FFE71FE78FE4F" authorityName="Walsingham, Los Angeles County, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1907" box="[328,460,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glutinosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E19195FFE71FE78FE4F" box="[328,460,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">C. glutinosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, markedly inflated in basal half in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E191C3AFE71FB05FE4F" authorityName="Kaila" authorityYear="2024" box="[1069,1201,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E191C3AFE71FB05FE4F" box="[1069,1201,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">C. fissurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group; there are no cornuti in the vesica in species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E191A94FE55FCB2FDA3" authorityName="Walsingham, Los Angeles County, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1907" box="[643,774,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glutinosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E191A94FE55FCB2FDA3" box="[643,774,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">C. glutinosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, but one or two dense groups of scobinations in vesica of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E1919A8FD89FDF4FD87" authorityName="Kaila" authorityYear="2024" box="[447,576,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E1919A8FD89FDF4FD87" box="[447,576,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">E. fissurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The papillae anales of the female genitalia are covered by long setae, otherwise not differentiated; the ovipositor is not telescopic; the posterior margin of segment 8 is markedly setose, and sternum 8 is ventrolaterally with setose areas that are sometimes shaped as lobes; on the dorsal side of the ostium bursae there is a sclerotized plate; the ostium bursae+antrum is funnel-shaped, separated from the rest of the sclerotized ductus by a somewhat membranous zone. The ductus seminalis is situated near the inception of the ductus and the corpus bursae. The corpus bursae contains one or two signa. One of them is almost rounded, dentate; the other, when present, is formed by a dense group of scobinations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318654AFF9A3E1918D0FCB5FA87FCE7" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36C1FF9A3E1918D0FCB5FA87FCE7" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E1918D0FCB5FE8FFC83" bold="true" box="[199,315,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The hindwing venation of the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E191AC3FCB5FCE3FC83" authorityName="Walsingham, Los Angeles County, L. Kaila" authorityYear="1907" box="[724,855,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pterolonchidae" genus="Coelopoeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glutinosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAD3FF9A3E191AC3FCB5FCE3FC83" box="[724,855,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">C. glutinosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined shows marked variation, even exceeding the considerable variation reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B30FF9A3E191AA9FCE9FC66FCE7" author="Albrecht, A. & Kaila, L." box="[702,978,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" pagination="185 - 198" refId="ref16276" refString="Albrecht, A. & Kaila, L. (1997) Variation of wing venation in Elachistidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): methodology and implications to systematics. Systematic Entomology, 22, 185 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1997. d 01 - 41. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Albrecht & Kaila (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D42FF9A3E191BE2FCE9FA84FCE7" authority="(Gelechioidea)" baseAuthorityName="Gelechioidea" box="[1013,1328,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elachistidae (Gelechioidea)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |