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<mods:title id="3112650B6722D3565F43B6C838C793C9">Revision of the crab-spiders of the genus Runcinioides Mello-Leitão, 1929 (Araneae, Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD2C13384F6F8847ABF62C0" bold="true" box="[151,640,1903,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD2C133848FF8847ABF62C0" ID-CoL="7B5D" ID-ENA="635324" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[238,640,1903,1929]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD2C133848FF88479B262C0" bold="true" box="[238,397,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Runcinioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C13385F4F8847ABF62C0" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[405,640,1903,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="9 - 359" refId="ref13629" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article" year="1929">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD2C13384F6F85F7A186283" ID-CoL="7B5D" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929: 211" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="211" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,551,1972,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD2C13384F6F85F79246283" box="[151,283,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Runcinioides</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C1338544F85F7A186283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[293,551,1972,1994]" page="211" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C1338544F85F79CE6283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[293,497,1972,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="9 - 359" refId="ref13629" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article" year="1929">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 211
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.
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C1338655F85F7B0E6283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[564,817,1972,1994]" page="319" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C1338655F85F7AC56283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[564,762,1972,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="311 - 393" refId="ref13714" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1944) Aranas de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista del Museo de La Plata (N. S., Zool.), 3, 311 - 393." type="journal article" year="1944">Mello-Leitão 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 319
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C133875EF85F7C036283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[831,1084,1972,1994]" page="276" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C133875EF85F7C3A6283" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[831,1029,1972,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="231 - 304" refId="ref13753" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1947) Aranhas do Parana e Santa Catarina, das colecoes do Museu Paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 6, 231 - 304." type="journal article" year="1947">Mello-Leitão 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 276
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C133802BF85F7D0B6283" author="Caporiacco, L." box="[1098,1332,1972,1994]" page="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C133802BF85F7CC26283" author="Caporiacco, L." box="[1098,1277,1972,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="45 - 193" refId="ref13397" refString="Caporiacco, L. (1954) Araignees de la Guyane Francaise du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Commentationes Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, 16, 45 - 193." type="journal article" year="1954">Caporiacco 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 140
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C1338123F85F790F62A0" author="Lehtinen, P. T." page="151" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C1338123F85F78C262A0" author="Lehtinen, P. T." pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="147 - 184" refId="ref13477" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (2004) Taxonomic notes on the Misumenini (Araneae: Thomisidae: Thomisinae), primarily from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. In: Logunov, D. V. &amp; Penney, D. (Eds.), European Arachnology 2003. Special Issue 1. Proceedings of the 21 st European Colloquium of Arachnology, St. - Petersburg, 4 - 9 August 2003. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, pp. 147 - 184." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lehtinen 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 151
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD2C133855BF8387A4762A0" author="Lehtinen, P. T. &amp; Marusik, Y. M." box="[314,632,2003,2025]" page="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD2C133855BF8387A7A62A0" author="Lehtinen, P. T. &amp; Marusik, Y. M." box="[314,581,2003,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="173 - 198" refId="ref13566" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. &amp; Marusik, Y. M. (2008) A redefinition of Misumenops F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 (Araneae, Thomisidae) and review of the New World species. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 14, 173 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / 100.014.0406" type="journal article" year="2008">Lehtinen &amp; Marusik 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 190
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD1C13084F6FF727A1E65E7" blockId="2.[151,545,152,174]" box="[151,545,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB121189FFD1C13084F6FF727A1E65E7" box="[151,545,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD1C13084F6FF72792865E7" ID-CoL="5TSG" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,279,153,174]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Misumenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13084F6FF72792865E7" box="[151,279,153,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Misumenops</emphasis>
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ad part.
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B6FFD1C130850EFF737A2265E7" author="Rinaldi, I. M. P." box="[367,541,152,174]" page="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD1C130850EFF7379C865E7" author="Rinaldi, I. M. P." box="[367,503,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref13886" refString="Rinaldi, I. M. P. (1988) Misumenops Cambridge e Uraarachne Keyserling (Araneae, Thomisidae, Thomisinae): Sinonimias, novas combinacoes e redescricoes. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 32, 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1988">Rinaldi 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 20
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD1C13084F6FF3E7C9D65A2" blockId="2.[151,1186,213,235]" box="[151,1186,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13084F6FF3E791A65A2" bold="true" box="[151,293,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54B98805FFD1C13084F6FF3E78F365A2" box="[151,204,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD1C130854AFF3E7AD965A2" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[299,742,213,235]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C130854AFF3E7A2665A2" box="[299,537,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Runcinioides argenteus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD1C130867EFF3E7AD965A2" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[543,742,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 359" refId="ref13629" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article" year="1929">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD1C1308068FF3E7CA965A2" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[1033,1174,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13988" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1955) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954, 2. Band, Abt. a, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 923 pp." type="book" year="1955">Roewer 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318652CFFD1C13084F6FEFC79206764" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD1C13084F6FEFC79206764" blockId="2.[151,1436,279,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13084F6FEFC792E6479" bold="true" box="[151,273,279,304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD1C1308576FEFC79966479" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[279,425,279,304]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C1308576FEFC79966479" box="[279,425,279,304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Runcinioides</emphasis>
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is included in the Misumenini tribe
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C130875FFEF27B436479" box="[830,892,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD1C13087E2FEFC7C076479" author="Lehtinen, P. T." box="[899,1080,279,304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="147 - 184" refId="ref13477" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (2004) Taxonomic notes on the Misumenini (Araneae: Thomisidae: Thomisinae), primarily from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. In: Logunov, D. V. &amp; Penney, D. (Eds.), European Arachnology 2003. Special Issue 1. Proceedings of the 21 st European Colloquium of Arachnology, St. - Petersburg, 4 - 9 August 2003. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, pp. 147 - 184." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lehtinen (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and shares some characteristics of the group, like the presence of a coupling pocket in the epigyne and male legs I and II with brownish annulations. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD1C13085FDFEB47A116431" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[412,558,351,376]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13085FDFEB47A116431" box="[412,558,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Runcinioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other Misumenini by the presence of a long embolus originating in 4-6 o’clock position in ventral view of the left palp, that runs widely separated from the tegulum in the distal half of the bulb (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C130862EFE4C7A996489" box="[591,678,423,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Figs 2c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C13086D4FE437AEE6489" box="[693,721,424,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22097). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.4 mm. d, 0.5 mm. e–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593008/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">4e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C13086BEFE4C7AC36489" box="[735,764,423,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a–e left palp (a ventral, b retrolateral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral of left leg I. Abbreviations: E, embolus; EB, embolus base; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis; Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">6a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C130876BFE437B196489" box="[778,806,424,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,202,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,193,1248]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8a–d. Metadiaea paranensis Mello-Leitão, 1932 (male holotype). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593016/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C1308754FE437B6E6489" box="[821,849,424,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,481,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,467,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9a–d. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (a–b female holotype, c–d male, UFMG 5963). a epigynum ventral; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; BP, embolus bulging process; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. b–c, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593018/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">9c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C130873EFE437BB66489" box="[863,905,424,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,238,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1485]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male, UFMG 5963). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.5 mm. d–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593022/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">11e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C13087F6FE437BFC6489" box="[919,963,424,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">14a</figureCitation>
). The female can be distinguished by the presence of a large, non-sclerotized and flexible coupling pocket (= hood
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13087AEFE267C3264AD" box="[975,1037,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD1C1308075FE277CFE64AD" author="Benjamin, S. P." box="[1044,1217,460,485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref13365" refString="Benjamin, S. P. (2011) Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa, 3080, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C13080B6FE277D1264AD" box="[1239,1325,460,485]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Figs 2a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C1308159FE277D6B64AD" box="[1336,1364,460,484]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">3e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C1308101FE277D5264AC" box="[1376,1389,460,485]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">5</figureCitation>
a–c, 9a, 10e, 13a–c), and by the long and coiled stalk of the spermathecae and copulatory ducts (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C13080C8FE047D3E6741" box="[1193,1281,495,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Figs 2b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C130816FFE047D186741" box="[1294,1319,495,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">3f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD1C1308155FE047D7E6741" box="[1332,1345,495,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">5</figureCitation>
d–e, 9b, 10f, 13d–e).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7D662FFFD1C13084F6F8C47AB16289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" startId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" targetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD1C13084F6F8C47AB16289" blockId="2.[151,1436,1839,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C13084F6F8C47903620C" bold="true" box="[151,316,1839,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 2a–d.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD1C1308525F8C47B3A620C" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[324,773,1839,1862]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD1C1308525F8C47A0C620F" box="[324,563,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Runcinioides argenteus</emphasis>
Mello-Leitão, 1929
</taxonomicName>
. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7D662FFFD0C13184F6FA377ADF6307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" startId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" targetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD0C13184F6FA377ADF6307" blockId="3.[151,1436,1500,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C13184F6FA37790760BB" bold="true" box="[151,312,1500,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 3a–f.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C1318523FA377B3960BB" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[322,774,1500,1522]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C1318523FA377A0C60BB" box="[322,563,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Runcinioides argenteus</emphasis>
Mello-Leitão, 1929
</taxonomicName>
(a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C318652CFFD0C13684A6F9907D3D67CC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD0C13684A6F9907D3D67CC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1659,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C13184A6F990796663DD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1659,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized spiders (total length: males 2.62–5.04; females 2.92–9.74). Males usually smaller than females, the size dimorphism more accentuated in
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C1318712F94B7BC663F1" baseAuthorityName="Piza" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[883,1017,1695,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litteratus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C1318712F94B7BC663F1" box="[883,1017,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. litteratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Carapace and opisthosoma covered with spiniform setae, especially in
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C1318646F92F7A8A6392" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[551,693,1732,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C1318646F92F7A8A6392" box="[551,693,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C13186A7F9287B316392" box="[710,782,1731,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a–c, 4a–c, 10a–c, 11a–c). Male and female with a line of marginal setae on the carapace, more conspicuous in the males (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318711F90C7BF963B6" box="[880,966,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22097). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.4 mm. d, 0.5 mm. e–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C13187B2F90C7BC163B6" box="[979,1022,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,238,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1485]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male, UFMG 5963). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.5 mm. d–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">11c</figureCitation>
). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. Two tarsal claws, retroclaw with four (
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C13185AEF8E77A6B626D" baseAuthorityName="Piza" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[463,596,1803,1828]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litteratus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C13185AEF8E77A6B626D" box="[463,596,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. litteratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to five (
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C13186DFF8E77B74626A" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[702,843,1804,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C13186DFF8E77B74626A" box="[702,843,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) large teeth and one small basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318166F8E07D64626D" box="[1287,1371,1803,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a–e left palp (a ventral, b retrolateral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral of left leg I. Abbreviations: E, embolus; EB, embolus base; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis; Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593012/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 6f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318107F8E07DB0626D" box="[1382,1423,1803,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">14f</figureCitation>
), proclaw with four (
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C131850EF8DB79CD6201" baseAuthorityName="Piza" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[367,498,1839,1864]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litteratus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C131850EF8DB79CD6201" box="[367,498,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. litteratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to five (
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD0C131863AF8DB7AD8620E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[603,743,1840,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD0C131863AF8DB7AD8620E" box="[603,743,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">R. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) larger teeth and numerous small basal teeth (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318088F8C47D796201" box="[1257,1350,1839,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14f</figureCitation>
). Distal tarsus with few pseudotenent setae and some twisted setae (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318720F8B87BAA6225" box="[833,917,1875,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a–e left palp (a ventral, b retrolateral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral of left leg I. Abbreviations: E, embolus; EB, embolus base; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis; Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593012/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 6f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C13187C3F8B87BF46225" box="[930,971,1875,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">14f</figureCitation>
). Macrosetae on the lateroventral side of tibia and metatarsus I and II more conspicuous in the female (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C131870EF89C7B8762D9" box="[879,952,1911,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a–b, 10a–b,) than in the male (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318142F89C7D5262D9" box="[1315,1389,1911,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22097). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.4 mm. d, 0.5 mm. e–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 4</figureCitation>
a–b, 11a–b). Carapace with two longitudinal dark bands (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C131868EF8707B0762FA" box="[751,824,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1a–d. Runcinioides spp., live specimens (a–b Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933), c–d Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929). a female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 22089, photo by L.S. Carvalho); b female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 12660, photo by P.H. Martins); c male from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in Ruellia sp. (Acanthaceae) (UFMG 22095, photo by V.S.R. Diniz); d female from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in an unidentified Asteraceae, feeding on a Syrphinae fly (UFMG 22093, photo by V.S.R. Diniz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318729F8707B6A62FA" box="[840,853,1947,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">3</figureCitation>
a–c, 4a,c, 8b, 10a,c, 11a,c, 12), male legs I–II with dark rings (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C131857DF854794B629E" box="[284,372,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1a–d. Runcinioides spp., live specimens (a–b Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933), c–d Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929). a female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 22089, photo by L.S. Carvalho); b female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 12660, photo by P.H. Martins); c male from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in Ruellia sp. (Acanthaceae) (UFMG 22095, photo by V.S.R. Diniz); d female from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in an unidentified Asteraceae, feeding on a Syrphinae fly (UFMG 22093, photo by V.S.R. Diniz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 1c</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C13185E5F85479AD6291" box="[388,402,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22097). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.4 mm. d, 0.5 mm. e–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">4</figureCitation>
a–b; 11a–b) and opisthosoma usually with dorsal dark spots (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD0C1318039F8547CA36291" box="[1112,1180,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[264,1323,772,1521]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1a–d. Runcinioides spp., live specimens (a–b Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933), c–d Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929). a female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 22089, photo by L.S. Carvalho); b female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 12660, photo by P.H. Martins); c male from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in Ruellia sp. (Acanthaceae) (UFMG 22095, photo by V.S.R. Diniz); d female from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in an unidentified Asteraceae, feeding on a Syrphinae fly (UFMG 22093, photo by V.S.R. Diniz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Figs 1</figureCitation>
b–d, 4a, 8b, 10a, 11a, 12c–f). Male palp larger compared to other genera of Misumenini; without ITA; promargin of the RTA with apical, transverse ridges (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136850DFF5779F9659C" box="[364,454,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a–e left palp (a ventral, b retrolateral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral of left leg I. Abbreviations: E, embolus; EB, embolus base; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis; Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 6e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13685B7FF577A3D659D" box="[470,514,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">14e</figureCitation>
); retrolateral margin of the cymbium with a large tutaculum, which ends in a transverse groove (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136850FFF34798965B1" box="[366,438,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2</figureCitation>
c–d, 4d–e, 6a–b, d, 9d, 11f, 14d); tegulum round, very sclerotized, with a marginal deep slit delimited by a ridge, which is more pronounced prolaterally (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13687EDFEEF7BEA6454" box="[908,981,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2</figureCitation>
c–d, 4e–f, 6a–b, d, 9c–d, 11e–f, 14a,d); embolus long, originating at 4 o’clock, with clockwise direction in the left palp (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368047FECC7C436409" box="[1062,1148,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680E8FEC37C9A6409" box="[1161,1189,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[259,1328,359,1719]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22097). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.4 mm. d, 0.5 mm. e–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593008/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">4e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680D3FECC7CF06409" box="[1202,1231,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1401,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a–e left palp (a ventral, b retrolateral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral of left leg I. Abbreviations: E, embolus; EB, embolus base; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis; Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">6a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680BAFEC37CC86409" box="[1243,1271,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,202,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,193,1248]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8a–d. Metadiaea paranensis Mello-Leitão, 1932 (male holotype). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593016/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368165FEC37D1F6409" box="[1284,1312,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,481,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,467,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9a–d. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (a–b female holotype, c–d male, UFMG 5963). a epigynum ventral; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; BP, embolus bulging process; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. b–c, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">9c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136814CFEC37D686409" box="[1325,1367,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,238,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1485]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male, UFMG 5963). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.5 mm. d–f, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">11e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368105FEC37DB06409" box="[1380,1423,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,1395,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593028/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">14a</figureCitation>
). Epigyne with two small cavities caudal to the posterior margin of the coupling pocket, henceforth called “anchor openings” (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136857DFE84794964C1" box="[284,374,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13685E7FE9B799C64C1" box="[390,419,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">3e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13685D5FE8479EF64C1" box="[436,464,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">5a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368580FE9B79C164C1" box="[481,510,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,481,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,467,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9a–d. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (a–b female holotype, c–d male, UFMG 5963). a epigynum ventral; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; BP, embolus bulging process; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. b–c, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">9a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136866FFE9B7A0764C1" box="[526,568,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,213,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,213,1421]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female holotype). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–d, 1.0 mm. e, 0.3 mm. f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593020/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">10e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368628FE847A5B64C1" box="[585,612,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,362,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,362,1880]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female, UFMG 4777). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior retrolateral); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, d–e, 100 µm. c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593026/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">13</figureCitation>
a–b); copulatory openings aside the coupling pocket (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680BFFE847D1664C1" box="[1246,1321,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 5</figureCitation>
a–c, 13c). spermathecae with large spermathecal glands (= “head of spermathecae”) (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368066FE7F7C5D64E4" box="[1031,1122,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368012FE7F7CB364E4" box="[1139,1164,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">3f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680FCFE7F7C9564E4" box="[1181,1194,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">5</figureCitation>
d–f, 9b, 10f, 13d–f); copulatory ducts hyaline, with several loops before attachment to the long and tubular stalk of the spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13684FEFE3778C964BC" box="[159,246,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368562FE37792364BC" box="[259,284,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">3f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368549FE37790A64BC" box="[296,309,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">5</figureCitation>
d–e, 9b, 10f, 13d–e); fertilization ducts adhered to the posterior plate and attached to the base of the spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368520FE1479A56751" box="[321,410,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,635,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,601,1828]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929. (a female holotype, b female (UFMG 6508), c–d male (UFMG 22097). a epigynum ventral.; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; Eb, embolus base; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. c–d, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 2b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13685C9FE1479FE6751" box="[424,449,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,219,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[263,1323,193,1479]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (a–e female holotype, f female (UFMG 6508). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral.; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c–d, 0.6 mm. e–f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">3f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13685B1FE1479D16751" box="[464,494,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1437,465,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5a–f. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (female, UFMG 22215). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; Scale bars: a, d–e, 100 µm. b–c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">5d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136859CFE147A246751" box="[509,539,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,481,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,467,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9a–d. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (a–b female holotype, c–d male, UFMG 5963). a epigynum ventral; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; BP, embolus bulging process; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. b–c, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593018/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">9b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368648FE147A6E6751" box="[553,593,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,213,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,213,1421]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female holotype). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–d, 1.0 mm. e, 0.3 mm. f, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593020/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">10f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136863EFE147A456751" box="[607,634,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,362,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,362,1880]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female, UFMG 4777). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior retrolateral); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, d–e, 100 µm. c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593026/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">13</figureCitation>
d–e). Male spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13687E5FE147BE66751" box="[900,985,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a spinnerets; b left anterior lateral spinneret; c posterior median spinnerets; d right posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigot; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; AT, anal tubercle; MaA, major ampullate gland spigot; MiA, mirror ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; Tp, tatipore; Scale bars: a, 100 µm. b, 30 µm. c–d, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593014/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
): ALS with one major ampullate gland spigot and a nubbin on prolateral margin and numerous piriform gland spigots on retrolateral margin (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C1368159FDCF7DB16774" box="[1336,1422,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a spinnerets; b left anterior lateral spinneret; c posterior median spinnerets; d right posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigot; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; AT, anal tubercle; MaA, major ampullate gland spigot; MiA, mirror ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; Tp, tatipore; Scale bars: a, 100 µm. b, 30 µm. c–d, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593014/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
); PMS with three anterior aciniform gland spigots and one nubbin, one central tartipore and one posterior minor ampullate gland spigot and a nubbin (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C136865CFD877AB067CD" box="[573,655,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a spinnerets; b left anterior lateral spinneret; c posterior median spinnerets; d right posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigot; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; AT, anal tubercle; MaA, major ampullate gland spigot; MiA, mirror ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; Tp, tatipore; Scale bars: a, 100 µm. b, 30 µm. c–d, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593014/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
); PLS with numerous aciniform gland spigots (
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680C0FD877CCA67CC" box="[1185,1269,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,606,1826]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7a–d. Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (male, UFMG 22096). a spinnerets; b left anterior lateral spinneret; c posterior median spinnerets; d right posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigot; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; AT, anal tubercle; MaA, major ampullate gland spigot; MiA, mirror ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; Tp, tatipore; Scale bars: a, 100 µm. b, 30 µm. c–d, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593014/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318652CFFD7C13684A6FD647D536615" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD7C13684A6FD647D536615" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13684A6FD64790467E1" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
We have examined the female
<typeStatus id="54B98805FFD7C13686CAFD7B7AE467E1" box="[683,731,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD7C13687E5FD647CAB67E1" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[900,1172,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulatus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13687E5FD647CAB67E1" box="[900,1172,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Runcinioides pustulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN 9401) and
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD7C13681E5FD7A78E06785" authorityName="Soares" authorityYear="1942" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="souzai">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13681E5FD7A78E06785" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">R. souzai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZSP 73), and found their genitalia significantly different from the remaining species of the genus. For instance, both are devoid of the characteristic non-sclerotized and flexible coupling pocket mentioned above. In addition, the recently discovered males of both species do not match the genus diagnosis presented above, and their palp morphology is consistent with characters of other thomisid genera (R.A. Teixeira,
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13680EDFCCA7D2E6671" box="[1164,1297,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">pers. comm</emphasis>
.). Thus, we decided not to include those species in this revision, and provisionally they should be treated as
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13680ABFCAE7D5A6614" box="[1226,1381,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">incertae sedis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318652CFFD7C13684A6FC8C7B6C66A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD7C13684A6FC8C7A506681" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13684A6FC8C795F66C9" bold="true" box="[199,352,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3157637FFD7C13685A3FC8C7A3666C9" box="[450,521,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from the state of
<collectingRegion id="49C6F845FFD7C13686B4FC8C7BFE6636" box="[725,961,871,896]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49C6F845FFD7C1368784FC8C7C8966C9" box="[997,1206,871,896]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="13392A22FFD7C13680A7FC8C7D2566C9" box="[1222,1306,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1700,1722]" captionTargetBox="[322,1242,193,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[322,1264,193,1678]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15a–b. Geographic distribution records of Runcinioides species. a R. argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (large orange triangle indicates the type locality); b R. litteratus (Piza, 1933) (large, light blue circle indicates the type locality)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2593030/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Figs 15</figureCitation>
a–b). There are two literature records outside
<collectingCountry id="F3157637FFD7C1368674FC677A6366EC" box="[533,604,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F3157637FFD7C13686C9FC677B7066EC" box="[680,847,908,933]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B56FFD7C136873EFC677C1A66EC" author="Caporiacco, L." box="[863,1061,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" pagination="45 - 193" refId="ref13397" refString="Caporiacco, L. (1954) Araignees de la Guyane Francaise du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Commentationes Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, 16, 45 - 193." type="journal article" year="1954">Caporiacco 1954</bibRefCitation>
), but since we could not find the specimens, these records remain doubtful.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36A7FFD7C13684A6FC3F7B6C66A5" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1005]" box="[199,851,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13684A6FC3F795866A4" bold="true" box="[199,359,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Composition.</emphasis>
Two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD7C1368665FC3E7AAE66A5" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[516,657,981,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C1368665FC3E7AAE66A5" box="[516,657,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">R. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C024D24FFD7C13686A6FC3E7B7466A4" baseAuthorityName="Piza" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[711,843,980,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Runcinioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litteratus">
<emphasis id="B976EAB5FFD7C13686A6FC3E7B7466A4" box="[711,843,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">R. litteratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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