258 lines
31 KiB
XML
258 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="0CFCA822FC1F498A1A35A552AFA7E897" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11225" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d78a0a74-5563-4f8f-9124-184849bf56c1" ID-PMC="PMC5345351" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-647-101" ID-PubMed="28325965" ID-ZooBank="20EE396F9B784BBFB2F4FE40935C2717" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-647-101" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 647" ModsDocTitle="Redescription of the red-striped soft scale, Pulvinariatenuivalvata (Newstead), with a new synonymy (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae)" checkinTime="1485645044391" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abdel-Razak, Soad I., Matile-Ferrero, Daniele & Soulier-Perkins, Adeline" docDate="2017" docId="41D6E6D0BAD64CCD50A017F74E854DC4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 647: 101-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 647" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11225" docTitle="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata Newstead 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="F14DFFC9FFA51B055D633F18FF8A433A" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the red-striped soft scale, Pulvinariatenuivalvata (Newstead), with a new synonymy (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae)" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1701316109930" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CF447072F54A4E21B045B7D4726E4C71">Redescription of the red-striped soft scale, Pulvinariatenuivalvata (Newstead), with a new synonymy (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E8CB45496D7DAECCD16406ED4C0A825">Abdel-Razak, Soad I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3E7F8071EE1C9F18B5F6DF918B394AC">Matile-Ferrero, Daniele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D222842D77227069D2BE36F4055445BB">Soulier-Perkins, Adeline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EE5ACA33A3E0E04CFBD6C0E25FC745E8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8D46C6BBCB4A3A81BDFE23FC91B695DE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2985999C0AAD233B1EC4F468C30FE487">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AF2C526BDB3E8D72A5EE2884FD0873C3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ED8A7004E242F87BCB29F376504DCB2C">647</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="361CC715FB04FA476216F01CB9FF1BD7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11225</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6F39A25655B871C065FF77892D565386">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75DAAF2EE6CD440A033EF11BCC7FC473" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11225</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="41D6E6D0BAD64CCD50A017F74E854DC4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127858768" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D6E6D0BAD64CCD50A017F74E854DC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41D6E6D0BAD64CCD50A017F74E854DC4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="D0137D9725DD7CD72944FA0208C3A670" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E63987C8CAEB753CAD0DDE682F72D3A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="F5965CCB4258C9FBF1FF0871A9D40662" ID-CoL="4QHF9" authority="Newstead, 1911" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata Newstead, 1911</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C0815628888C585DC6D79257ED01C3AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A79EE1C1734BB7533AF94366E738DEEE" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="576A1E550C410EC1BA208B9AE117C043" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lecanium tenuivalvatum" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvatum">Lecanium tenuivalvatum</taxonomicName>
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Newstead, 1911: 92.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="52794D798D7C4059B72640D11CA1EBEC" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="CE63BBE1E5964FBD60B009B84D164069" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
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(Newstead),
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<bibRefCitation id="38F04EAF2600432F0143AD3B4CEBAEC1" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="175 - 239" title="On some Coccidae (Homoptera), chiefly from Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21865" volume="16" year="1965">De Lotto 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 217.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="981172ECC9B34BF92984CF6FA862A92C" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="EF416C246A9BA7B39567FF32D8B5086D" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria elongata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Pulvinaria elongata</taxonomicName>
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Newstead;
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<bibRefCitation id="BD831CD6D3416D9063E592E3393C5975" author="Karam, H" journalOrPublisher="Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="587 - 594" title="First record of Pulvinariaelongata Newstead (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Egypt." volume="37" year="1992">Karam and Abu-Elkhair 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 587, misidentification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EEECC877302F75E73A126394C23B09E" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="1307FA5ADD29AE86043F55E2F61B78B2" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saccharolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saccharolecanium krugeri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krugeri">Saccharolecanium krugeri</taxonomicName>
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(Zehntner);
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<bibRefCitation id="4E2D643F5949DF922B95B3A112743722" author="Ali, MAM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="149 - 152" title="First record of the sugar-cane scale Saccharolecaniumkrugeri (Zehntner) in Giza, Egypt." volume="75" year="1997">Ali et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 149, misidentification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="684DEB2037A05547DA171C4F3721E503" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="73B11AE82F20AF8EA35514BEEF6E808E" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
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De Lotto, 1964: 863, 2 paratype adult females, South Africa, Natal, Durban, on
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<taxonomicName id="BEF79A8FB9277EBA1BEC37906799AD0A" class="Liliopsida" family="Coccidae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
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, J. Munting, 25/03/1964 (BMNH);
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<bibRefCitation id="BD7DA1F94CEE3514062EB9F91F3F0BE9" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="467 - 472" title="Another new species of Pulvinaria (Hom.: Coccidae) from sugar cane." volume="9" year="1966">De Lotto 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 468;
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<bibRefCitation id="C4A2D0F0A248EC2ABF9C9B9F8A75588D" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="198 - 211" title="Some Pulvinaria species (Homoptera: Coccidae) of the Ethiopian region." volume="30" year="1968">Hodgson 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 207;
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<bibRefCitation id="751E5C0858A9107B315060090E4D714C" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Arnoldia" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 42" title="Notes on Rhodesian Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea): part III." volume="4" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 29, 30;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC590CE01939378E92C9FC2E2BBC76B5" author="Qin, TK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="03 - 164" title="A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae)." volume="26" year="1992">Qin and Gullan 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 121. syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6785CC9534554ECB615FCD16CFE280FD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph id="41BC97B36050851DA4FF050269112B72" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Description of the adult female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8949FC5F1F0277015D6E49D77FB193B" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Figs 1-6. The adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="7C2727746399CCFA47F5ED451217706F" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
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is very elongate, convex with the cephalic region flattened. The body colour varies from pale crimson to flesh-coloured with two irregular longitudinal bands of bright crimson on the dorsum. No true ovisac is formed, except under the body where it extends forward to the eyes and may project slightly from beneath the female body.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AF37E24EDB2BC4CBBFCFC8267A0CF5A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph id="0F5486121B8935F755CBB15DB28E64C0" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="2B14FA4C2A5D213CC16BB6AD777ADCEC" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
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(Newstead). A Body, venter and dorsum B marginal setae C1 anal plates, dorsal view C2 ano-genital fold D dorsal discoidal pore E dorsal filamentous pore F spiracular setae G dorsal seta H antenna I ventral microduct J ventral submarginal seta K spiracular disc-pore L ventral tubular ducts of three types: L1, type I, L2, type II, L3, type III M claw digitules unequal N multilocular disc-pore.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="305858BE54C4C0D18B123D18D40F2419" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph id="A2E57B40C912A4175A163902F49537BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Figures 2-6.
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<taxonomicName id="BAA79608EEDFF9D3A9C85EE763E8E1A3" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
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(Newstead). 2A marginal setae 2B anterior spiracular setae 2C anterior spiracle 3A tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis 3B tarsal digitules 3, claw digitules unequal 4A antenna 4B ventral tubular ducts of the type I 5A posterior spiracular setae 5B ventral tubular ducts of the type I 6 dorsal conical setae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="684979E537E561F763AC5057A3B2E4CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Body (Fig. 1A): very elongate, oval, narrow at both ends, 3.4-6.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide. Derm membranous. Anal cleft rather shallow ranged from 0.70 to 0.74 mm in length. Stigmatic clefts poorly developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1E914FD8F2E23B2BCD5BA15BB0BD6D" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Margin: marginal setae (Fig. 1B) numerous, slender and pointed, with well-developed basal-sockets, distributed in one row with 12-18 setae on each side between the anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts, mostly about 35-40
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<normalizedToken id="1776886B1D444B53E65EFE87184CB6E5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, a few only approximately 20
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<normalizedToken id="3903207CDE13A237FDDFDD219696CADD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, the longest setae similar in length to the median stigmatic setae (Fig. 2A). Three stigmatic setae present (Fig. 1F) in each stigmatic cleft; these setae short, stout, pointed, the median seta longest (Fig. 2B), straight or more-or-less curved, variable in size and thickness, 25-40
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<normalizedToken id="C602CEFCA58F998A30DAC4EF204EC3F7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, lateral spiracular setae also variable in size and shape, each 15-20
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<normalizedToken id="2973A2B72CA5E3BB14F9F3898059D16F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, pointed (Figs 2B, 5A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6DB777AED0D12EF31D5E4C917B82B04E" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Dorsum: dorsal setae (Fig. 1G) stout, conical, 10-15
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<normalizedToken id="F36BB6449790E37CACBE886877200307" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, not lanceolate (Fig. 6), scattered all over body surface. Submarginal tubercles absent. Preopercular pores minute (Fig. 1D) about 3
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<normalizedToken id="C60422E372EBF63B61290014850DDF5F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter, grouped in small number (6-18) anteriorly to the anal plates. Filamentous pores minute (Fig. 1E), evenly distributed. Anal plates (Fig. 1C1) together quadrate, each plate 125-140
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<normalizedToken id="3E42ED8F103B900FFC7436FA40693DB0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 70-75
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<normalizedToken id="CE47A4047AADFFFCA26052B4F53DC21C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Each plate with four short setae; one apical, one subapical, one inner margin seta and one outer margin seta. Ano-genital fold (Fig. 1C2 with two pairs of long anterior marginal setae (a median pair each nearly 45
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<normalizedToken id="A92AD54340680FC2A384CCD59C2790B1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and a submedian pair each around 65
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long) and three pairs of long lateral margin setae, 55-65
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. Anal ring with four pairs of long setae and two rows of pores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7504FE2A9502948EE607AAD0F52B3673" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Venter: submarginal setae (Fig. 1J) setose, approx. 7
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long, placed in a submarginal row. Interantennal setae long, present in three pairs. Prevulvar setae long, one pair on each of the three prevulvar segments. Minute ventral setae evenly distributed. Antennae well developed, eight segmented (Figs 1H, 4), 300-370
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long, 3rd segment longest. Legs
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<pageBreakToken id="8A4B1C9C412B9594D0E107933D539582" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" start="start">well</pageBreakToken>
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developed, each with a distinct tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (Fig. 3A), claw without distinct denticle (Fig. 3C). Tarsal digitules, slender, knobbed at apex (Figs 1M, 3B), 45-50
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long. Hind trochanter + femur 200-260
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long. Claw digitules unequal, one twice diameter of other, both slender, of the same length, each slightly knobbed at the apex (Figs 1M, 3C), 35-40
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long. Anterior and posterior spiracles well-developed. Spiracular disc-pores (Fig. 1K) with five loculi, some with four or three loculi, 3-4
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in diameter, present in a narrow band extending from each spiracle to margin. Multilocular disc-pores (Fig. 1N) with 7-8 loculi, some pores occasionally with fewer loculi, approx. 5
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in diameter, numerous around vulva, in single rows on all preceding abdominal segments and a few present, submedially, on metathorax and mesothorax. Ventral microducts present, minute (Fig. 1I), sparse. Ventral tubular ducts (Fig. 1L) in a submarginal band, 4 - 6 ducts wide, numerous around entire body, except caudal area and head region where they are sparse. Three types of ventral tubular ducts are present, all of similar diam
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<pageBreakToken id="C5531B13EDE7D2DB1439C254EA57ABCD" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="start">eter</pageBreakToken>
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. Type I (Fig. 1L1) long and narrow, numerous, with outer ductule about 20
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long, approx. 3
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in diameter, inner ductule approx. 24
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<normalizedToken id="A483B30A21B2E10F83AA0BAB1BE3F9CD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long, longer and wider than outer ductule and with a large terminal gland. Type II (Fig. 1L2) shorter than type I, less numerous, 10
|
|
<normalizedToken id="04C7FB4E8EC05015893CF54A9616A92D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long and 3
|
|
<normalizedToken id="43DB5BF464C104BFC02A82118AAA76AB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in diameter, inner ductule 7
|
|
<normalizedToken id="EFAAF390C784C7256855DDE15E05BAF6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long, narrower than outer one and with a terminal gland. Type III (Fig. 1L3), the shortest, with outer ductule 5
|
|
<normalizedToken id="FAB77D47CAA686F7694AE9F758377B29" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long and inner ductule slender and short, without a terminal gland, very few in number.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DB0A6CEDA551AA8C644F9D92738AF99C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="2C9CCA8ECA3DEB08F00850AF85ADE4DC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0AFD569D072F368F2C9483DAA1987413" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
|
Egypt: 100 km south of Cairo, Benisueif, on sugarcane and rarely on maize, M.A. Shalaby,? 1997 (BMNH); upper Egypt, Giza, on sugarcane leaves, 1997 (BMNH); Qena Governorate, Luxor and Qus (700 km south of Cairo), on undersides of sugarcane leaves, S.A. El-Serwy, 01/1999 (BMNH); Giza region, 40-80 km south of Cairo, on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="33EADBE019F9F4CD1506E316FA19FDB1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(commercial), S.A. El-Serwy, 10/08/1999 (BMNH); upper Egypt, Qena Governorate, on sugarcane leaves, 12/2000 (BMNH); on sugarcane, S. Ramadan, 2011 (MNHN). Uganda: Entebbe, on citronella grass, C.C. Gowdey, 18/02/1910, G. De Lotto, 1960, B.M. 1963-473 (BMNH). South Africa, Natal, Durban, on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4B2DF33ED7324B0D710A3CEA98076C9" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, J. Munting, 25/03/1964,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4566B9ED975BD56488CE90D8E82AF93C" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2 paratypes, B.M. 1964-662 (BMNH).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EAC99AB2E3D7F4EC2819A5A564B61760" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="host">
|
|
<paragraph id="67FCFDEB3EA184B61448D2D2D626DBE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5542193E2659B3D9F42364368C1771A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
|
The main host plant in Egypt is sugarcane,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F976B4045593CBCE120D3F9BE189407A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but it has also been recorded from several other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9563EF63954A283F9A87AA0D061BFEC" family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Egypt:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5A92454D525F90CE5BCB3640FF45D76B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Imperata cylindrica" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cylindrica">Imperata cylindrica</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="73202BA67607F3739972FDE38C529C14" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sorghum vulgare" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subspecies" species="vulgare" subspecies="saccharatum">Sorghum vulgare saccharatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E1760082AAFE6B55EAF3130C3512B64" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zea mays" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">Zea mays</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The species is known on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A8B0338F10158FD327B12B9B63241A0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cymbopogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cymbopogon citratus" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(citronella grass) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5291F3F46DA8F32B12C6EEE7B87FFF22" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum purpureum" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureum">Pennisetum purpureum</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Uganda (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7E7B76B14F209060413FA7E51289937A" author="Garcia Morales, M" journalOrPublisher="ISA Press, Lisbon" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" title="ScaleNet: A Literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics" url="http://scalenet.info" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D6027CE94BD162FC6E3749A948F0719C" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
|
Morales et al. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and from Zimbabwe and South Africa (Natal), on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7640A747A7F392C5922CAD56A48C0694" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9E3E6C9230969079AE34D96E6E9BD81" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="84E6359DF5EC3884786E6A30102BF0A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph id="4EBE710E8F299034E014FF559E66791C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="110CEEE0C3259F05C70C97B951DF0F01" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
|
Two paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="477C16E4D9B03C167DFB13BF5A8C3B7E" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
De Lotto, 1964, have been examined, both adult females. The dorsal setae are short, strong and spiniform, but certainly not lanceolate as stated by the previous authors (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="88E629487DF14FA1596505CCD77ACF83" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="863 - 866" title="A new species of Pulvinaria (Homopt.: Coccidae) attacking sugar cane in South Africa." volume="7" year="1964">De Lotto 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="303ADAA3714968250B564CFD59158B31" author="Williams, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="111 - 117" title="Pulvinariaiceryi (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidea) and its allies on sugar-cane and other grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748530005032X" volume="72" year="1982">Williams 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The claw digitules are unequal, one much thicker than the other one, but of the same length. This character was first observed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="98719666FD2C94C7F1096A76F8D34440" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="863 - 866" title="A new species of Pulvinaria (Homopt.: Coccidae) attacking sugar cane in South Africa." volume="7" year="1964">De Lotto (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F9A4A3221E9B2E72778833D49C70335B" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="175 - 239" title="On some Coccidae (Homoptera), chiefly from Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21865" volume="16" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and confirmed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6B4DF0CB047AA247E1F12D819D0640D5" author="Williams, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="111 - 117" title="Pulvinariaiceryi (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidea) and its allies on sugar-cane and other grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748530005032X" volume="72" year="1982">Williams (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="396312089912DA5DC8A4CCA6C24456B8" author="Watson, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="37 - 42" title="The identity of the red-striped soft scale on sugarcane in Egypt, Pulvinariatenuivalvata (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)." volume="79" year="2002">Watson and Foldi (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. These two paratypes show the presence of three types of ventral submarginal tubular ducts, as always.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F6E97218AC44985510747447C0E18B23" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
has ventral multilocular disc-pores on the metathorax and the mesothorax. The range of setae between the anterior and the posterior spiracles is about 29-31. The combined length of hind trochanter plus femur is about 200-220
|
|
<normalizedToken id="17EE25E718AE0D15A74602A96637A0C0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
. On the appearance in life of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E6740D32AE1E5C6172613876342F48FD" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="91AD485E447C8871628C807BB2C464C3" author="De Lotto, G" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="863 - 866" title="A new species of Pulvinaria (Homopt.: Coccidae) attacking sugar cane in South Africa." volume="7" year="1964">De Lotto (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mentioned that "
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CAEA5DA50343D7B33F6E52BF74BA67A" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not form any ovisac but a thin layer of white cottony wax laid beneath the body along the margin". A similar type of ovisac on adult females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9FFE32B96115ECB2DA563D4B7DC472F2" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
was observed in Egypt. All these characters fall within the range of the morphological characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AFDE5E31EF56B4D24E32E0E9F8DB1EC5" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, so
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F3438FE96EE502BF41FD46813AB2C2B0" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria saccharia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharia">Pulvinaria saccharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
is here treated as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="939079D44D7D1566BFDA9103A23142D3" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria tenuivalvata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuivalvata">Pulvinaria tenuivalvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |