395 lines
48 KiB
XML
395 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178" ID-GBIF-Dataset="07cc435f-a623-4a17-b510-a38bf0569844" ID-PMC="PMC3459032" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-220-1" ID-PubMed="23077429" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-220-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 220" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)" checkinTime="1451248758882" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Henry, Thomas J." docDate="2012" docId="1CA7679CE221422175E8147D8A993742" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 220: 1-114" docOrigin="ZooKeys 220" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178" docTitle="Tytthus alboornatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFA2D657D204FFEEFF8DF82F5143FF91" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1668154436991" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Henry, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>220</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-220-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1CA7679CE221422175E8147D8A993742" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1CA7679CE221422175E8147D8A993742" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tytthus_alboornatus" authority="Knight" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus (Knight)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4109–">-4109-</normalizedToken>
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112
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Cyrtorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtorhinus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Cyrtorhinus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="171 - 173" title="Three new species of Cyrtorhinus from North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)." volume="26" year="1931">Knight 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 172 (orig. descrip.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carvalho and Southwood 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 27 (descrip., n. comb.);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carvalho 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 156 (cat.);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Henry and Wheeler 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 457 (cat.);
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Schuh 1995</bibRefCitation>
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(cat.);
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<bibRefCitation author="Denno, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="702 - 714" title="Ecotope differentiation in a guild of sap-feeding insects on the salt marsh grass, Spartina patens." url="10.2307/1937435" volume="61" year="1983">Denno 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 702 (note);
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Banisteria" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="24 - 28" title="Six species of bugs new to the Virginia list (Heteroptera: Coreidae, Lygaeidae, Phymatidae, Miridae)." volume="14" year="2000">Hoffman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 24 (note, distr.);
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<bibRefCitation author="Hines, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Conservation" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="261 - 280" title="Sap-feeding insect communities as indicators of habitat fragmentation and nutrient subsidies." url="10.1007/s10841-005-8819-6" volume="9" year="2005">Hines et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 264 (note).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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This species is distinguished by the small size, usually brachypterous hemelytra, overall dark brown coloration, with the basal third to half of the corium and clavus, and cuneus (or in brachypters the posterior margin of the corium) pale or white, the pale yellowish brown antennal segment I, the mostly dark brown femora and pale
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">yellowish-brown</pageBreakToken>
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tibiae and tarsi. Macropterous and brachypterous forms are known for both sexes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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This species is most similar in size and coloration to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
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, sp. n. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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, antennal segment I is pale yellowish brown and the posterior margin of each hemelytron in brachypters or the cuneus in macropters is pale or white, whereas in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
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, antennal segment I is dark brown and the posterior margin of each hemelytron in brachypters and or cuneus in macropters is uniformly dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macropterous male (n = 1, plus holotype in parentheses) (Fig. 2): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.21 mm (2.24 mm), length to base of cuneus 1.57 mm (1.66 mm), width across hemelytra 0.72 mm (0.77 mm). Head: Length 0.72 mm (0.26 mm), width across eyes 0.51 mm (0.54 mm), interocular width 0.30 mm (0.30 mm). Labium: Length [embedded in glue] (0.94 mm). Antenna: Segment I length 0.29 mm (0.37 mm), II 0.88 mm (1.06 mm), III 0.59 mm (0.72 mm), IV 0.48 mm (missing). Pronotum: Length 0.32 mm (0.35 mm), basal width 0.45 (0.72 mm).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachypterous male (n = 5): Length to apex of abdomen 1.34-1.57 mm, length to base of hemelytron (cuneus and membrane absent) 1.15-1.41 mm, width across hemelytra 0.58-0.62 mm. Head: Length 0.22-0.26 mm, width across eyes 0.50-0.59 mm, interocular width 0.29-0.30 mm. Labium: Length 0.83-0.86 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.29-0.30 mm, II 0.80-0.86 mm, III 0.53-0.64 mm, IV 0.45-0.61 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.24-0.29 mm, basal width 0.54-0.56 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Coloration: Head: Brown to dark brown, with a small, vague, pale spot near inner margin of each eye; eyes dark brown to reddish brown. Labium: Yellowish brown, apex of segment IV darker brown. Antenna: Segment I pale yellowish brown; segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
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yellowish brown, sometimes becoming slightly darker brown. Pronotum: Uniformly shiny brown to very dark brown or fuscous. Mesoscutum: Hidden under base of pronotum in brachypters, narrowly exposed in macropters. Scutellum: Brown to dark brown, with apex pale. Hemelytron: Broadly dark brown, with basal one fourth and narrow apex or cuneus (in macropter) pale or white; membrane on only macropter fully developed, smokey brown. Ventral surface: Thoracic pleural areas brown to dark brown, ventral surface sometime paler yellowish brown; abdomen dark brown to fuscous, especially laterally, ventral area sometimes paler yellowish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Dark brown. Legs: Coxae pale yellowish brown to whitish, with bases dark brown; femora dark brown, pale yellowish brown at bases and apices; tibiae, tarsi, and claws pale yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, impunctate; broader than long, rounded anteriorly, truncate basally; set with short, recumbent, nearly bristlelike setae on vertex and frons. Labium: Extending beyond metacoxae to second or third abdominal segment. Pronotum: Shiny, impunctate, nearly rectangular, wider than long, anterior angles rounded, base truncate, calli indistinct, not differentiated from discal surface, only slightly raised and rounded; set with scattered, recumbent, brown to nearly black setae. Scutellum: Equilateral, impunctate, with a few scattered, short, recumbent setae. Hemelytron: Macropter with fully developed cuneus and membrane, including two closed cells or areoles; all other specimens (except one macropter) brachypterous
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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staphylinoid), with clavus fused (and claval suture absent) with corium, cuneal fracture and cuneus absent, and membrane absent or rarely with only a remnant narrow strip along truncate posterior margin, extending from about abdominal tergite IV to nearly to apex of abdomen; set with evenly scattered, short, recumbent brown setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 109): Mitt-shaped; right arm long, stout; left arm short, apically acute. Right paramere (Fig. 110): Oval. Endosoma (Fig. 111): Slender, S-shaped, apex pointed. Phallotheca (Fig. 112): Relatively slender, apically acute.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macropterous female (n = 1) (Fig. 3): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.45 mm, length to base of cuneus 1.85 mm, width across hemelytra 0.93 mm. Head: Length 0.32 mm, width across eyes 0.58 mm, interocular width 0.32 mm. Labium: Length 0.99 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.32 mm, II 0.91 mm, III 0.69 mm, IV 0.67 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.37 mm, basal width 0.86 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Brachypterous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“minor”">"minor"</normalizedToken>
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female [see discussion below] (n = 10): Length to apex of abdomen 1.44-1.79 mm, length to apex of hemelytra 1.34-1.60 mm, width across hemelytra 0.58-0.80 mm. Head: Length 0.26 mm, width across eyes 0.43-0.53 mm, interocular width 0.29-0.30 mm. Labium: Length 0.80-0.91 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.26-0.27 mm, II 0.74-0.80 mm, III 0.53-0.59 mm, IV 0.48-0.61 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.27-0.29 mm, basal width 0.50-0.56 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Brachypterous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“major”">"major"</normalizedToken>
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female (n = 2) (Fig. 4): Length to apex of abdomen 2.02-2.30 mm, length to apex of hemelyra 1.60-1.86 mm, width across hemelytra 0.93-0.99 mm. Head: Length 0.27-0.30 mm, width across eyes 0.56-0.61 mm, interocular width 0.34-0.35 mm. Labium: Length 0.91-0.96 mm. Antenna: Segment I 0.30-0.32 length mm, II 0.90-0.96 mm, III 0.64 mm, IV 0.50 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.29-0.34 mm, basal width 0.59-0.64 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Figures 2-12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
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spp. 2
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (holotype: USA, Jacksonville, Florida, 23 July 1926, E. D. Ball, USNM) 3
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (USA, South Carolina, Colleton Co., 1.1 km W of Bennetts Point, 3 May 2003, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 4
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
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, brachypterous ♀ (USA, South Carolina, Colleton Co., Bear Island Wildlife Management Area, 3 May 2003, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 5
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus amazonicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Tytthus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 25 km NNE of Manaus, 26 July 1973, R. T. Schuh, AMNH) 6
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus amazonicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Tytthus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 25 km NNE of Manaus, 26 July 1973, R. T. Schuh, AMNH) 7
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus balli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">Tytthus balli</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (USA, Texas, Refugio Co., 6 mi. N Bayside, 20 Apr. 1983, T. J. Henry & A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 8
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus balli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">Tytthus balli</taxonomicName>
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, brachypterous ♀ (USA, Florida, Jacksonville, 23 July 1926, E. D. Ball, USNM) 9
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus chinensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">Tytthus chinensis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (Guam, Asan Village, Asan River at Rt. 1, 8 June 2008, R. S. Zack, USNM) 10
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus chinensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">Tytthus chinensis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (Guam, Asan Village, Asan River at Rt. 1, 8 June 2008, R. S. Zack, USNM) 11
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus columbiensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiensis">Tytthus columbiensis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (holotype: Colombia, Valle de l Cauca, Palmira, 25 Oct. 1958, G. Bravo, USNM) 12
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus entrerianus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entrerianus">Tytthus entrerianus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (paratype: Argentina: Entre Rios, Concordia, Apr. 1939, L Carpintero, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Figures 13-23.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
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spp. 13
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus femoralis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoralis">Tytthus femoralis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (holotype, Ecuador, Man., Bahiade Caraquez, 10 May 1975, A. B. Gurney, USNM) 14
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus femoralis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoralis">Tytthus femoralis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (Peru, Huan. Tingo Maria, 19-24 April 1969, P. & P. Spangler, USNM) 15
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus fuscicornis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">Tytthus fuscicornis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (holotype, USA, New Mexico, Grant Co., Gila Natl. Forest, N of Silver City, 12 May 2008, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 16
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus fuscicornis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">Tytthus fuscicornis</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (paratype, USA, New Mexico, Grant Co., Gila Natl. Forest, N of Silver City, 12 May 2008, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 17
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus insperatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Tytthus insperatus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♂ (holotype, USA, Arizona, Tuscon, 7 June 1924, A. A. Nichol, USNM) 18
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus insperatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insperatus">Tytthus insperatus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ 19
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mexicanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Tytthus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous, ♂ (Mexico, Sinaloa, Choix, 5 Aug. 1968, I. A. Sears, R. C. Gardner, & C. S., UCD) 20
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mexicanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Tytthus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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, macropterous ♀ (Mexico, Baja Calif. Sur, 12.2 mi. SE of San Perdito, 8 Oct 1981, F. Andrews & D. Faulkner, SDNM) 21
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus montanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Tytthus montanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Utah, Cache Co., Rt. 89 nr Franklin Basin Rd., 17-18 July 2001, T.J.Henry & A.G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 22
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus montanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Tytthus montanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Big Lake, Arizona, Apache Natl. For., 12-14 Aug. 1967, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 23
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus montanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Tytthus montanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, brachypterous ♀ (Big Lake, Arizona, Apache Natl. For., 12-14 Aug. 1967, L. A. Kelton, CNC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Figures 24-34.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 24
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Hawaii, Oahu, Ewa Beach, 22 Nov. 1982, no coll. data, USNM) 25
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus mundulus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundulus">Tytthus mundulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Hawaii, Oahu, Barbers Point, Mar. 1960, E. J. Ford, USNM) 26
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus neotropicalis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropicalis">Tytthus neotropicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Brazil, Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viçosa">Vicosa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 13 Oct.-1 Nov. 1985, T.J. Henry & P.S.F. Fiuza, USNM) 27
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus neotropicalis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropicalis">Tytthus neotropicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Brazil, Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viçosa">Vicosa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 13 Oct.-1 Nov. 1985, T.J. Henry & P.S.F. Fiuza, USNM) 28
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pallidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">Tytthus pallidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (holotype, Panama, El Real, 19 Mar. 1953, F. S. Blanton, USNM) 29
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pallidus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">Tytthus pallidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
macropterous ♀ (Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 25 km NNE Manaus, 26 July 1973, R. T. Schuh, AMNH) 30
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus panamensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">Tytthus panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Paratype: Panama, Canal Zone, Corozal, 14 Apr12, A. Busch, USNM) 31
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus panamensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">Tytthus panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Panama, Canal Zone, Ft. Gulick, 21 Aug. 1952, F. S. Blanton, USNM) 32
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (pale pronotum) (Bermuda, Paget Par., Paget Marsh, 14-22 July 1988, M. R. Wilson & D. J. Hilburn, USNM) 33
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (dark pronotum) (Florida, Sebring, 25-31 July, C. T. Parsons, USNM) 34
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus parviceps" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">Tytthus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (pale pronotum) (Florida, Deerfield, 26 July 1948, R. H. Beamer, KU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Figures 35-44.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 35
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 36
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Garden, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 37
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus piceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">Tytthus piceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, brachypterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 38
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Tytthus pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (British Colombia, Pouce Coupe, 18 Aug 1982, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 39
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Tytthus pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Colorado, [2024],
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spicer’s">Spicer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
North Park, 18 July 1896, C. F. Baker, USNM) 40
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pubescens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Tytthus pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, brachpterous ♀ (Alberta, Banff-Jasper Hwy., Jasper Natl. Pk, 26 and 28 Aug 1970, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 41
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (dark pronotum) (Alberta, McMurray, 11 July 1993, W. J. Brown, CNC) 42
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (dark pronotum) (To be added) 43
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (pale pronotum) (England, Wolvercote, Oxford, 14 July 1968, G. G. E Scudder, CNC) 44
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus pygmaeus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Tytthus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀ (pale pronotum) (same locality as for ♂).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Figures 45-54.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tytthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 45
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus uniformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">Tytthus uniformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Audubon Res. Ranch, SE of Elgin, 12-14 May 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 46
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus uniformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">Tytthus uniformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mtns., Ash Canyon Rd., 0.5 mi. W of Hwy 92, 17 Aug. 1992, N. McFarland, USNM) 47
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus uniformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">Tytthus uniformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, brachypterous ♀ (Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Audubon Res. Ranch, SE of Elgin, 12-14 May 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 48
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus vagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus">Tytthus vagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Florida, Duval Co., 1 km W of Dunn Creek, S. of Eastport, 3 Apr. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 49
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus vagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus">Tytthus vagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (USA: Florida, Duval Co., south of Eastport, 3 Apr. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 50
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, staphylinoid ♂ (Texas, Gillespie Co., Rt16, 15 km NE of Fredericksburg, 27 May 2001, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 51
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ 52
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, staphylinoid ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., 2 mi. W of Chiefland, 16 Mar. 1999, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 53
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus zwaluwenburgi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zwaluwenburgi">Tytthus zwaluwenburgi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♂ (Canton Island, 20 Nov. 1940, R. Danner, BPBM) 54
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus zwaluwneburgi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zwaluwneburgi">Tytthus zwaluwneburgi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous ♀ (Baker Island, 18 April 1935, E. H. Bryan, BPBM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Taken by A. G. Wheeler on inland saltgrass,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Distichlis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distichlis spicata" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">Distichlis spicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Green [
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poeaceae" lsidName="Poeaceae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Poeaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; saltmeadow cordgrass,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ait.) Muhl.; and sand cordgrass,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina bakeri" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">Spartina bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merr. [
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poeaceae" lsidName="Poeaceae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Poeaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Denno (in litt, 2005) informed me that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was extremely abundant only in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Tuckerton, New Jersey, but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina alterniflora" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alterniflora">Spartina alterniflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus vagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus">Tytthus vagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was restricted.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Denno, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="702 - 714" title="Ecotope differentiation in a guild of sap-feeding insects on the salt marsh grass, Spartina patens." url="10.2307/1937435" volume="61" year="1983">Denno (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hines, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Conservation" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="261 - 280" title="Sap-feeding insect communities as indicators of habitat fragmentation and nutrient subsidies." url="10.1007/s10841-005-8819-6" volume="9" year="2005">Hines et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
preys on eggs of the delphacids
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Tumidagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tumidagena minuta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">Tumidagena minuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
McDermott and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphacodes detecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detecta">Delphacodes detecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Van Duzee) in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Previously known only from Florida, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Henry and Wheeler 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Banisteria" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="24 - 28" title="Six species of bugs new to the Virginia list (Heteroptera: Coreidae, Lygaeidae, Phymatidae, Miridae)." volume="14" year="2000">Hoffman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). New U. S. state records are Connecticut, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Texas. This distribution indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
should occur in all coastal states from at least New England to Texas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus alboornatus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboornatus">Tytthus alboornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 2-4) is one of the smallest species in the genus, second in size only to the similar-appearing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 50-52). Like
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tytthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tytthus wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Tytthus wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macropterous forms of this species are extremely uncommon or rare. Of the more than 50 specimens studied, I have found only two macropterous males, including the holotype (from Florida) and three macropterous females (from Connecticut and South Carolina).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In addition, populations include what I call
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“minor”">"minor"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“major”">"major"</normalizedToken>
|
||
females. Along the Connecticut and New Jersey coasts, specimens are much smaller (shorter and more
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">slender</pageBreakToken>
|
||
), whereas farther south in South Carolina and Florida several specimens are considerably larger, with more well-developed pronota and hemelytra. Two macropterous females from Connecticut also were smaller than the macropter from South Carolina. This size difference may simply be due to more harsh or crowded conditions, with a more limited food supply versus smaller populations with more plentiful prey available, rather than their north/south distributions. More work is needed to better understand the factors that influence size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="type material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Holotype ♂ (00162206) (USNM): UNITED STATES: Florida: Duval Co.: Jacksonville,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.33194">30.33194°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-81.65583">81.65583°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23 Jul 1926, E. D. Ball.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="other specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
UNITED STATES:Connecticut:New London Co.: Stonington Township, Barn Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="41.335">41.335°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-71.906">71.906°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 Aug 1971, R.T. and J. C. Schuh, 9 ♂♂ (00095349, 00165938 - 00165945), 11 ♀♀ (00095350, 00165946 - 00165955) (AMNH), 1 ♂ (00138679) (USNM) (all brachypterous, except two macropterous ♀♀). Tolland Co.: Mansfield Center,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.76528">41.76528°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.19861">72.19861°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 84 m, 01 Aug 1956, J. A. Slater, 1 ♀ (00166063) (AMNH) (brachypterous). Florida:Brevard Co.: Titusville,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.61194">28.61194°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-80.80778">80.80778°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 Apr 1952, collector unknown, 1 ♂ (00161887) (USNM) (macropterous). Duval Co.: CR-105, 1 km W. of Dunn Creek, S. of Eastport, 03 Apr 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Poaceae), 1 ♀ (00161882) (USNM) (brachypterous). Miami-Dade Co.: Biscayne Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="25.5747">25.5747°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-80.3112">80.3112°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1700, Mrs. A.T. Slosson, 2 ♂♂ (00165956, 00165957) (AMNH) (brachypterous). Louisiana: Tangipahoa Parish: Hammond, 22 June 1948, E. L. Todd, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH) (macropterous). New Jersey:Ocean Co.: 2 mi. E. of Manahawkin off Stafford Ave., 20 Jul 1976, collector unknown, Distichlis spicata (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 5 ♂♂ (00161870, 00161877 - 00161878, 00161880, 00161886), 2 ♀♀ (00161879, 00161881) (USNM) (all brachypterous). Tuckerton,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.60305">39.60305°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.34027">74.34027°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4 m, 01 Aug 2002, R.F. Denno & D. Lewis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 7 ♂♂ (00161865 - 00161868, 00161872, 00161874 - 00161875), 4 ♀♀ (00161869, 00161871, 00161873, 00161876) (USNM) (all brachypterous). South Carolina:Colleton Co.: Bear Island Wildlife Management Area, near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
|
||
House Pond, 03 May 2003, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina patens" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Spartina patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1 ♀ (00161883) (USNM (brachypterous). CR-26, 0.3 km N. of Ashepoo River, N. of Bennetts Pt., 03 May 2003, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina bakeri" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">Spartina bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1 ♀ (00161885) (USNM) (brachypterous). CR-26, 1.1 km W. of Bennetts Point, 04 May 2003, A. G. Wheeler, Jr.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina bakeri" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri">Spartina bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1 ♂ (macropterous), 1 ♀ (00161889) (brachypterous) (USNM). Texas:Jefferson Co.: J.D. Murphree Wildlife Management Area, near Lost Lake,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.78111">29.78111°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.97333">93.97333°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26 May 1994, R. Vogtsberger, taken by mosquito dipper cup, 1 ♂ (00161888) (USNM) (brachypterous). Virginia: Mecklenburg Co.: Elm Hill WMA,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clyde’s">Clyde's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pond, 11-29 May 1995, VMNH survey, 4 ♂♂ (VMNH). City of Virginia Beach: Dam Neck Naval Base, dune DF site, 25 June 1991, K. A. Buhlmann, 1 ♂ (V
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">MNH</pageBreakToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |